EP4569582A1 - Verfahren zum aufladen eines energiespeichers eines feldgerätes und feldgerät zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum aufladen eines energiespeichers eines feldgerätes und feldgerät zur durchführung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP4569582A1 EP4569582A1 EP23755374.8A EP23755374A EP4569582A1 EP 4569582 A1 EP4569582 A1 EP 4569582A1 EP 23755374 A EP23755374 A EP 23755374A EP 4569582 A1 EP4569582 A1 EP 4569582A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- charging current
- energy storage
- charging
- voltage
- field device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/94—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/96—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for charging an energy storage device of a field device with at least one charging current source and a control unit, wherein the charging current source applies a charging current to the energy storage device of the field device.
- the invention further relates to a field device with a rechargeable energy storage device, at least one charging current source and a control unit, the field device being designed to carry out the method.
- Field devices of the type mentioned are in particular self-sufficient sensors that are designed for level measurement, limit level measurement, interface measurement and the measurement of flow rates of liquids and bulk solids as well as for pressure measurement of liquids and gases. They can meet the relevant safety requirements in order to be able to be operated in EX areas.
- the field device has an electrical energy storage device that can be charged using a charging current source that is part of the field device or at least connected to the field device.
- the possible service life of such a field device depends in particular on the service life of the energy storage device used.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method and a field device with which the service life of a field device can be increased.
- the energy storage of the field device is an accumulator.
- the battery is preferably charged to a maximum of 80% of its full charging capacity, which corresponds to optimal charging. It goes without saying that another value that does not correspond exactly to 80% of the full charging capacity can also be viewed as optimal charging. For example, 75% or 85% or 90% of the full charging capacity can also represent optimal charging within the meaning of the present application.
- the field device has several different charging current sources, the control unit specifying, taking into account prioritization, which charging current source or which combination of charging current sources the energy storage of the field device supplied with a charging current.
- the charging current sources are designed in such a way that they simultaneously provide the charging current alone or in combination with one or more other charging current sources.
- the field device has at least one battery, a wired interface, such as a USB interface, and a solar cell as charging current sources.
- the battery is preferably replaceable and can be replaced at regular maintenance intervals.
- the charging current is only applied to the battery as a charging current source if no other charging current source is available ready for use.
- the energy drawn from the battery is measured so that the battery can be replaced before the energy is completely used up.
- the charging current is always applied by the solar cell as a charging current source when charging the energy storage is possible.
- the solar cell is therefore always selected as a charging current source when the solar cell generates a suitable charging current, which, however, depends on the fluctuating and unpredictable lighting conditions.
- the energy storage device is charged to preferably 80%, and this value can be set variably.
- the charging current can be supplied by the wired interface as a charging current source if the wired interface is connected to a connected to an external control device, whereby the energy storage device is preferably charged to more than 80%.
- the wired interface is connected to an external operating device, for example, for parameterization of the field device, for commissioning (initial setup) of the field device and for tests or updates.
- preferred charging of more than 80% takes place so that after removing the external operating device there is still enough energy available to complete the initiated process and the upcoming measurement routine. This also ensures that the battery is not needed as a charging current source for an additional period of time, which increases the running time of the device.
- the rather rare process of charging over 80% has little or no impact on the lifespan of the energy storage device.
- a selected charging current source cannot generate the required electrical energy to at least adequately or optimally charge the energy storage of the field device, the maximum possible electrical energy is taken from the selected charging current source to charge the energy storage of the field device and to further charge the energy storage of the field device of the remaining charging current sources selected.
- the selection of the charging current source and thus the prioritization can also be done manually.
- automatic prioritization can be done by switching off the charging current sources that are not required (in particular, turn off the IC, open the MOSFET or switch).
- the charging current source that currently supplies the highest charging voltage can also be selected, for which suitable diodes only allow the higher voltage to pass in order to relieve the comparatively lower voltage.
- the charging of the energy storage of the field device takes place as a function of the time of the (active) operating times of the field device, with the charging of the energy storage preferably taking place during a period of time between two (active) operating times of the field device Field device is located, this period preferably being used for as long as possible to charge the energy storage becomes.
- the accumulator is preferably supplied with the lowest possible charging current that is required to charge the accumulator during the time available. For example, if the field device is a measuring device and is measured at regular intervals of 12 hours, charging takes place during the 12-hour rest phase of the field device, which allows the energy storage device to be charged gently. The charging current is reduced so that the rest phase is optimally used to charge the energy storage device.
- gentle charging of the energy storage means charging with the lowest possible charging current. Regardless of the fact that a maximum permissible charging current should not be exceeded, the charging current is kept as low as possible to ensure gentle charging.
- Automatic or manual prioritization also ensures that the battery is charged with the optimal or maximum possible charging voltage, with charging being carried out as gently as possible.
- a maximum permissible charging current When charging an energy storage device, a maximum permissible charging current must not be exceeded, whereby the maximum permissible charging current is usually temperature-dependent. The time course of the charging current and its current intensity influence the service life of an energy storage device, in particular the number of possible charging cycles. Experience has shown that the charging current should be set as low as possible, but as high as necessary. In order not to exceed the maximum permissible charging current, current limiters in the form of fuses, passive resistors or active resistors (OPAMP, Semiconductors, MOSFET and the like) are known. The relevant charging current sources usually have a constant charging voltage and generate this to a constant charging current through a connected, variable resistor.
- the at least one charging current source is connected to a voltage regulator which regulates the charging voltage in such a way that the maximum permissible charging current is not exceeded.
- the charging current can also be set so that it is as close as possible to the maximum permissible charging current, in particular, corresponds to it. In this way, the lowest possible load on the charging current source can be achieved.
- the charging voltage is preferably set depending on the current voltage of the energy storage and/or depending on the current charging current. In this way, a very energy-efficient charging of the energy storage is achieved, since the regulation of the charging voltage means that an additional current limitation is not necessary or is present but is not active, since the maximum permissible charging current is not exceeded.
- the charging current is kept as low as possible.
- the time period for charging the energy storage device i.e. the time period up to a point in time at which the energy storage device must have a predetermined charge, is known. If this period of time is known, the charging current is regulated in one embodiment by regulating the charging voltage so that it is minimal over the entire period of time.
- a predeterminable charge of the energy storage is achieved as quickly as possible and thus with a charging current that is as close as possible to the maximum permissible charging current, and from the time this predetermined charge is reached, the charging current is set to the for to reduce the calculated time period to achieve the optimal charging minimum possible charging current.
- there is a linear "balancing curve" so that the charging voltage in the area under consideration is a constant value greater than the current voltage of the energy storage device. If the energy storage device has a voltage of 2.5 V, for example, the charging circuit generates an output voltage of, for example, 3 V.
- the output voltage of the charging current source is also increased in the same amount until a target voltage of 3.9 V is reached at the charging current source. If the voltage of the energy storage device reaches a value of the target voltage of 3 .9 V, no further charging current can flow and the final charging voltage has been reached.
- There is usually an approximately known resistance value between the output of the charging circuit and the energy storage which results in particular from the resistance value of a fuse, a measuring resistor of a current limiter, etc.
- the voltage of the charging circuit and the voltage of the energy storage are known, the maximum charging current can be determined.
- switched semiconductor components are preferably used, which, in an advantageous embodiment, have Z diodes (Zener diodes). In this way, a particularly fast and at the same time energy-efficient charging of the energy storage device is achieved.
- a combination of energy-efficient and gentle charging of the energy storage can be achieved, for example, with the aforementioned specific embodiment if charging is carried out up to a predetermined voltage of the energy storage according to the predetermined adjustment curve and when the predetermined voltage is reached, the charging current is set to the minimum possible charging current with which the optimal charging or a complete charge of the energy storage of the energy storage can be achieved in the remaining period of time.
- a voltage limiter for which purpose a voltage limiter is provided.
- a voltage limiter consumes energy even at low voltages of the charging current source, for example in the form of leakage currents, even if the voltage at the energy storage device to be charged is below the maximum voltage to be limited.
- the voltage limitation is activated first is deactivated when the voltage of the energy storage has exceeded a minimum voltage, and is deactivated when the voltage of the energy storage has fallen below a minimum voltage.
- the voltage limitation is only activated using suitable Zener diodes from a voltage of, for example, 3.7 V.
- suitable Zener diodes from a voltage of, for example, 3.7 V.
- clocking can be avoided by switching on a Zener diode early and using a suitable hysteresis.
- the voltage limiting circuit described is particularly advantageous for batteries as a charging current source because the energy available is limited. If the charging voltage is regulated by the voltage regulator in such a way that the current limitation remains deactivated, no unnecessary energy is consumed, which has an impact on the service life of the field device. However, if the energy storage device is charged by a charging current source in which there is sufficient or non-critical energy, such as a wired interface or a solar cell, a comparatively higher charging voltage can make sense and losses of electrical energy within the scope of the current limitation can be neglected. Therefore, the use of a voltage regulator and switching on the voltage limiter from a certain voltage value is particularly preferred if a battery is used as the charging current source.
- the voltage regulator is activated when the voltage of the charging current source has exceeded a minimum voltage.
- Fig. la, b each shows a field device
- Fig. lc-f each shows a voltage limiter
- Fig. 2 shows the charging behavior of an energy storage device in two diagrams.
- Fig. la shows a schematic representation of a field device 1, which has a consumer in the form of a measuring device 2.
- a measuring device 2 is, for example, a level measuring device.
- an energy storage 3 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is an accumulator.
- the field device 1 has three charging current sources 4, namely a battery 41, a solar cell 42 and a wired interface 43 in the form of a USB interface.
- the charging current sources 4 are at least indirectly connected to a control unit 5, which in turn is connected to the energy storage 3 and receives information about the charging voltage.
- control unit 5 is also connected to a current limiter 6, which transmits the size of the current charging current to the control unit 5.
- the charging current sources 4 are prioritized controlled by the control unit 3, with predetermined criteria being used to select which of the charging current sources 4 are subjected to a charging current.
- at least one or more of the following selection criteria is taken into account: a) The charging current is only applied by the battery 41 as a charging current source 4 if no other charging current source 4 is available ready for use. b) The charging current is always applied by the solar cell 42 as a charging current source 4 when charging the energy storage device 3 is possible.
- the charging current can be applied by the wired interface 43 as a charging current source 4 when the wired interface 43 is connected to an external operating device, with the energy storage 3 preferably being charged to more than 80%.
- a selected charging current source 4 cannot generate the required electrical energy to at least adequately or optimally charge the energy storage 3 of the field device 1, the maximum possible electrical energy for charging the energy storage 3 of the field device 1 is taken from the selected charging current source 4 and for further charging of the energy storage 3 of the field device 1, one of the remaining charging current sources 4 is selected. This allows the charging voltage 4 to be selected, which enables the energy storage device 3 to be charged as energy-efficiently and/or gently as possible.
- the charging current sources 4 are each connected to a voltage regulator 71, 72, 73.
- the voltage regulators 71, 72, 73 are designed as a voltage generating circuit in such a way that, depending on the current voltage of the energy storage device 3 and/or the current charging current, the charging voltage can be set in such a way that the charging current reaches the maximum even without the controlling/regulating intervention by the current limiter 6 Charging current does not exceed.
- the charging voltage is preferably regulated depending on the temperature, for which purpose the field device 1 has a temperature sensor 8.
- the field device 1 in the exemplary embodiment shown has a decision maker/comparator 9, which provides charging protection if the voltage at the energy storage device is too low in order to avoid recharging after deep discharge.
- the field device 1 has one or more further voltage limiters 10, which are connected between the current limiter(s) 6 and the energy storage 3, and a deep discharge protection 11, which prevents charging again after deep discharging. but also ensures that the situation of deep discharging does not occur in the first place.
- Fig. lb shows an embodiment that is essentially identical to that in Fig. la, in which the charging current sources 4 are, however, first connected to the decision maker/comparator 9 and then to a voltage regulator 74.
- FIG. 1c - f show different embodiments of a voltage limiter 10, which is activated when the voltage of the energy storage 3 has exceeded a minimum voltage and is deactivated when the voltage of the energy storage 3 has fallen below a minimum voltage.
- a Zener diode 12 and a controllable switch 13 are connected in parallel to the energy storage 3 to limit the voltage, the controllable switch 13 being connected to a voltage comparator 14.
- this construction is Partial combination of Zener diode 12, controllable switch 13 and voltage comparator 13 executed in an identical manner twice (framed by dashed lines), which includes a functional backup if one of the first-mentioned component components fails.
- a resistor 15 and a controllable semiconductor 16 are connected in parallel to the energy storage 3 to limit the voltage, the controllable semiconductor 16 being connected to a voltage comparator 14.
- the components mentioned are connected in parallel three times in an identical manner in order to maintain functionality in the event of a malfunction.
- Fig. le shows an embodiment of a voltage limiter 10, in which different component components are provided for voltage limitation.
- a resistor 15 is connected in parallel to the energy storage 3 together with a controllable semiconductor 16, the controllable semiconductor 16 being connected to a voltage comparator 14.
- two further identical component combinations are provided, according to which a Zener diode 12 and a controllable switch 13 are connected in parallel to the energy storage 3, the controllable switch being connected to a voltage comparator 14.
- Fig. le shows an exemplary embodiment that is essentially functionally identical to Fig. lc, with the controllable switches 13 each being connected to a common Zener diode 12.
- Fig. 2 shows a typical charging behavior of the energy storage in two diagrams 21, 22.
- Diagram 21 shows the voltage U(t) at the energy storage as a function of time t and diagram 22 shows the charging current I(t) as a function of time t.
- Ii(t) the voltage at the energy storage device increases slowly.
- a higher voltage with a constant charging current I i(t) increases the power consumed by the energy storage device, which is why the voltage Ui(t) typically increases more slowly.
- a charge controller now charges with a constant voltage U2(t), the current would only be limited via the internal resistance of the energy storage device and the charging current would exceed the maximum permissible charging current.
- a lossy current limitation would be necessary that would limit the charging voltage Uz(t). reduced until the sufficiently low charging current Ii(t), limited by the internal resistance, flows.
- the at least one current limiting circuit may still be absolutely necessary for reasons of technical explosion protection and adds an additional resistance to the charging circuit.
- a charging voltage LhCt can be calculated on the voltage regulator, which is selected so that the desired charging current Ii(t) flows.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022120434.0A DE102022120434A1 (de) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Verfahren zum Aufladen eines Energiespeichers eines Feldgerätes und Feldgerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| PCT/EP2023/072294 WO2024033523A1 (de) | 2022-08-12 | 2023-08-11 | Verfahren zum aufladen eines energiespeichers eines feldgerätes und feldgerät zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4569582A1 true EP4569582A1 (de) | 2025-06-18 |
Family
ID=87580147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23755374.8A Pending EP4569582A1 (de) | 2022-08-12 | 2023-08-11 | Verfahren zum aufladen eines energiespeichers eines feldgerätes und feldgerät zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260051760A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4569582A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119605053A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022120434A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024033523A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20023865U1 (de) * | 2000-03-29 | 2006-12-28 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Programmierbares Feldgerät |
| JP5328346B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2013-10-30 | ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド | フィールド装置用の充電システム |
| DE102006032250B4 (de) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-08-14 | Vega Grieshaber Kg | Sensoren mit integrierter Solarenergieerzeugung |
| DE102010019088A1 (de) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | Abb Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur optimierten Nutzung einer Anordnung von wenigstens zwei Akkumulatoreinheiten |
| US9518852B2 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-12-13 | Rosemount Inc. | Hybrid power module with fault detection |
| DE102013215152A1 (de) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Micropatent B.V. | Feldgeräteanordnung |
-
2022
- 2022-08-12 DE DE102022120434.0A patent/DE102022120434A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-08-11 CN CN202380059094.7A patent/CN119605053A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-11 WO PCT/EP2023/072294 patent/WO2024033523A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-11 US US19/103,128 patent/US20260051760A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-11 EP EP23755374.8A patent/EP4569582A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260051760A1 (en) | 2026-02-19 |
| WO2024033523A1 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
| DE102022120434A1 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
| CN119605053A (zh) | 2025-03-11 |
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