EP4569556A1 - Procédé de recyclage d'électrolyte aqueux à base de composés quinoniques de batterie rédox à flux - Google Patents
Procédé de recyclage d'électrolyte aqueux à base de composés quinoniques de batterie rédox à fluxInfo
- Publication number
- EP4569556A1 EP4569556A1 EP23754748.4A EP23754748A EP4569556A1 EP 4569556 A1 EP4569556 A1 EP 4569556A1 EP 23754748 A EP23754748 A EP 23754748A EP 4569556 A1 EP4569556 A1 EP 4569556A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- aqueous electrolyte
- compound
- acid
- electroactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0693—Treatment of the electrolyte residue, e.g. reconcentrating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/008—Disposal or recycling of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recycling aqueous electrolyte from a flow redox battery.
- a Redox Flow Battery is a system using liquids (called electrolytes) to store energy.
- Redox flow batteries store electricity and generate it by redox reaction. They generally have two compartments separated by an ion exchange membrane, where current collectors (electrodes) are generally immersed.
- Li-ion battery (EP1269554B1): method of recycling and separation of critical materials. Such a method is complex to implement and expensive;
- Lead-acid battery (CA2986001A1): electrochemical lead recovery process for closed-loop reuse;
- Vanadium flow redox battery recycling methods have already been proposed by mixing the two electrolytes, and must also be operated continuously during cycling to counteract the cross-over of vanadium ions through the membrane (Zhang, Y., Liu, L., Xi, J., Wu, Z., & Qiu, X. (2017).
- KEMIWATT uses electrolytes based on organic and organometallic compounds, dissolved in an aqueous medium, to limit the impact of this technology on the environment and the depletion of resources (use of critical metals / rare earths).
- the present invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a recycling process for a flow redox battery using redox couples based on organic and/or organometallic compounds in aqueous solution.
- the present invention aims in particular to solve the technical problem of providing a process for recycling aqueous electrolytes for redox flow batteries.
- the present invention aims in particular to solve the technical problem consisting of providing a simple process for treating aqueous electrolytes for end-of-life flow redox batteries in order to isolate the electroactive compound(s), to purify them, and in particular to use it as a raw material for new electrolytes.
- the present invention aims to resolve the technical problems stated above by limiting the impact on the environment and the depletion of natural resources or by limiting the quantity of new organic/organometallic compounds used in electrolytes, especially in negolyte.
- the present invention aims to solve the technical problem of reducing the manufacturing costs of redox flow batteries.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve one, and preferably all, of the technical problems posed by the present invention.
- recycling according to the present invention comprises the isolation of the electroactive compound(s) included in the electrolyte at the end of the life of the battery, to then recover it, either directly by marketing it(them) in another application, or preferably by reintroducing it(them) into a new redox flow battery in the form of a new electrolyte.
- a redox flow battery can advantageously be recycled once it has lost at least 20% of its initial capacity.
- the present invention makes it possible to limit the quantity of newly introduced material for the production of redox flow batteries and/or to limit the consumption of raw materials, natural or synthesized.
- the present invention relates to a process for recycling an aqueous electrolyte from a redox flow battery to be recycled, the aqueous electrolyte comprising at least one electroactive compound and an aqueous solvent, the electroactive compound being at least one oxidized form or reduced by an oxidizing/reducing couple whose oxidized form is a compound comprising a quinone unit, for example a benzoquinone unit, a naphthoquinone unit or an anthraquinone unit, preferably an anthraquinone unit, characterized in that it comprises a step of precipitation of the electroactive compound.
- a quinone unit for example a benzoquinone unit, a naphthoquinone unit or an anthraquinone unit, preferably an anthraquinone unit
- electroactive compound an organic or organometallic compound forming part of an oxidoreduction couple, and designates indifferently either the oxidant (the oxidized form) of the oxidoreduction couple, or the reducer (the reduced form) of the oxidoreduction couple, or the mixture of the oxidant and the reducer of the oxidoreduction couple.
- aqueous electrolyte By aqueous electrolyte is meant the aqueous solutions comprising the electroactive compound(s) and arranged in the positive and negative compartments of a flow redox battery.
- the aqueous electrolyte recycled by the process according to the invention is a negolyte.
- the process is characterized in that it successively comprises:
- the water rinsing step may include crushing the solid residue, and/or a second separation step to obtain a rinsed solid residue and a second effluent.
- the second separation step can be carried out at the same time as rinsing and/or trituration of the solid residue.
- the process can also optionally include a step of drying, possibly partial, of the solid residue or the rinsed solid residue.
- the collection step is preferably carried out by pumping the electrolyte(s) from the redox flow battery to be recycled to a container, preferably directly at the site of use of the battery.
- the collection step further comprises a step of transferring the electrolyte(s) from the container to a reactor.
- the collection step is preferably carried out after a complete discharge step of the flow redox battery.
- the electrolyte collected during the collection step is preferably a negolyte whose electroactive compound is in its oxidized form and/or a posolyte whose electroactive molecule is in its reduced form.
- the aqueous electrolyte collected from the flow redox battery is a used aqueous electrolyte since it has undergone at least one charge and/or discharge cycle.
- the used aqueous electrolyte is collected at the end of the battery life cycle.
- the separation step is preferably carried out by filtration, for example using a centrifugal decanter.
- the solid residue obtained at the end of the separation step comprises the precipitated electroactive compound(s).
- the water rinsing and water trituration step makes it possible to improve the purity of the solid residue, and in particular makes it possible to eliminate the precipitating agent used if it is weakly volatile. It is particularly suitable for recycling a negolyte.
- the drying step is not required, especially when the process includes a water rinse step, because the solid residue can be formulated even if it includes residual rinse water.
- the process according to the invention is therefore preferably devoid of a step of drying the solid residue, rinsed or not.
- the absence of a drying step, or the reduction of the drying time and/or temperature by implementing a partial drying step makes it possible to minimize the energy costs of the process.
- the drying step when present, can be carried out by heating and/or placing the solid residue under reduced pressure.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that the precipitation step comprises the addition of an anti-solvent of the electroactive compound and/or the addition of an acid or a base and/or the addition of a salt to the aqueous electrolyte.
- the step of adding an anti-solvent is carried out in a reactor tank, with stirring.
- anti-solvent we mean an organic solvent in which the electroactive compound is less soluble than in water.
- the anti-solvent is chosen for its ability to lower the solubility of the electroactive compound of the initial aqueous medium, preferably chosen from solvents in which the electroactive compound is 5 times less soluble than in water, more preferably 10 times less soluble, advantageously 100 times less soluble.
- the ratio between the solubility of the electroactive compound in water to the solubility of the electroactive compound in the anti-solvent is preferably greater than or equal to 5, more preferably greater than or equal to 10, advantageously greater than or equal to 100
- the solubility of the electroactive compound in water or the anti-solvent is the maximum concentration, in g/mol at 25°C, at which the electroactive compound can dissolve in water or the anti-solvent, respectively, by forming a homogeneous mixture, that is to say without formation of a precipitate.
- the anti-solvent is an organic solvent, preferably chosen from the group of polar aprotic and protic solvents miscible with water, more preferably chosen from alcohols, preferably aliphatic alcohols, advantageously saturated aliphatic alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, or 1 - propanol and iso-propanol and organic solvents comprising a nitrile function, such as acetonitrile, or a ketone function, such as acetone, or any of their mixtures .
- a mixture of two or more anti-solvents increases the amount of precipitated electroactive compound.
- an acid is an acid in the Brônsted sense, that is to say a chemical species capable of donating an H + proton.
- the acid is characterized by a pKa strictly less than 7.
- the acid is a strong acid or a weak acid.
- a strong acid is one that reacts completely with water.
- a strong acid has a pKa less than 0.
- the strong acid can be chosen from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, permanganic acid, manganic acid, acid chloric acid, phosphoric acid or any mixture thereof.
- the weak acid may comprise at least one carboxylic acid function, such as formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid or maleic acid.
- the acid is a strong acid.
- the use of a strong acid makes it possible to increase the quantity of electroactive compound precipitated.
- the acid is sulfuric acid or acetic acid, advantageously sulfuric acid.
- the quantity of acid added to the aqueous electrolyte corresponds to the quantity of acid necessary to obtain a pH less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 8, preferably less than or equal to 7 , more preferably less than or equal to 6. More preferably, the quantity of acid added to the aqueous electrolyte corresponds to the quantity of acid necessary to obtain a pH less than or equal to 10 and greater than or equal to 1, preferably less than or equal to 8 and greater than or equal to 2, more preferably less than or equal to 6 and greater than or equal to 3.
- the acid is added with stirring.
- a base is a base in the Brônsted sense, that is to say a chemical species capable of capturing an H + proton.
- the base is characterized by a pKa strictly greater than 7.
- the base is an inorganic base.
- the base can be chosen from the group consisting of alkaline hydroxides, such as NaOH or KOH, and alkaline carbonates, such as NasCOs or K2CO3.
- the quantity of base added to the aqueous electrolyte corresponds to the quantity of base necessary to obtain a pH greater than or equal to 7, preferably greater than or equal to 8, preferably greater than or equal to 10. More preferably, the quantity of base added to the aqueous electrolyte corresponds to the quantity of base necessary to obtain a pH less than or equal to 14 and greater than or equal to 7, preferably less than or equal to 13 and greater than or equal to 10.
- the salt is an inorganic salt, preferably KCl or NaCl, or an organic salt, preferably sodium acetate or ammonium carbonate.
- the inorganic salt is chosen from inorganic salts whose cation corresponds to the cation or to one of the cations included in the aqueous electrolyte to be recycled.
- an anti-solvent of the electroactive compound the addition of an acid or a base and the addition of a salt in the aqueous electrolyte can be combined in pairs or put into works together to optimize the precipitation of the electroactive compound, depending on its solubility.
- the precipitation step comprises the addition of an acid to the aqueous electrolyte, preferably until a pH less than or equal to 10 is obtained, preferably less than or equal to 8, preferably less than or equal to 7 , more preferably less than or equal to 6, or the addition of a base, preferably until obtaining a pH greater than or equal to 7, preferably greater than or equal to 8, preferably greater than or equal to 10.
- the precipitation step comprises the addition of a strong acid, preferably sulfuric acid, the volume of strong acid added representing between 0.1% and 40% of the volume of the aqueous electrolyte to be treated, preferably between 0.1% and 15%, preferably between 0.1% and 12%, depending on the initial pH of the solution and its composition.
- a strong acid preferably sulfuric acid
- the precipitation step comprises the addition of a weak acid, preferably acetic acid, the volume of weak acid added representing between 0.1% and 60% of the volume of the aqueous electrolyte to be treated, preferably between 0.1% and 55%, preferably between 0.1% and 50%.
- a weak acid preferably acetic acid
- the precipitation step comprises the addition of a base in the form of an aqueous solution of an alkaline hydroxide whose alkaline hydroxide concentration is between 1 and 25 moles per liter, preferably between 4 and 20 moles per liter, preferably 4 and 8 moles per liter, the volume of added base representing between 0.1% and 40% of the volume of the aqueous electrolyte to be treated, preferably between 0.1% and 30%, preferably between 0.1% and 22%, depending on the initial pH of the solution and its composition.
- the precipitation of electroactive compounds does not specifically depend on the concentration of electroactive compounds in the electrolyte. It is mainly the pH to be obtained to precipitate the electroactive compounds which guides the quantity of acid to add during the precipitation step.
- the aqueous electrolyte is at a temperature between 5°C and 40°C, preferably between 5°C and 20°C.
- the electroactive compound of the aqueous electrolyte is at least one form of an oxidizing/reducing couple whose oxidized form is a compound comprising an anthraquinone unit.
- the aqueous electrolyte is a negolyte.
- a compound comprising an anthraquinone unit according to the invention is preferably a compound of formula (F):
- At least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 especially sodium or potassium salt.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are hydrogens.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are hydrogens.
- [Chem 2] w and/or one of its salts, in particular a sodium or potassium salt.
- A represents a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted C1 -C10 hydrocarbon group
- R 1 represents COOH or SO3H; and in the structure of formula ( I) one and only one of X 1 , X 2 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 represents OH, and one and only one of , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 represents -OAR 1 .
- the electroactive compound of the aqueous electrolyte is at least one form of an oxidizing/reducing couple whose oxidized form is a compound comprising a naphthoquinone unit.
- a molecule based on a naphthoquinone unit according to the invention is preferably a compound of formula (G):
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are independently chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a COOH group, a SO3H group, an -A group -COOH, an -OA-COOH group, an -A-SO3H group, an -OA-SO3H group and a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, A representing a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and/or one of its salts, in particular a sodium or potassium salt.
- At least one among Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 comprises an OH, SO3H, COOH function, and/or any of their salts, in particular sodium salt or of potassium.
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are independently chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a COOH group, a SO3H group, a - group.
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are hydrogens.
- the electroactive compound of the aqueous electrolyte is at least one form of an oxidizing/reducing couple whose oxidized form is a compound comprising a benzoquinone unit.
- a molecule based on a benzoquinone unit according to the invention is preferably a compound of formula (H):
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a COOH group, a SO3H group, an -A-COOH group, a - group OA-COOH, an -A-SO3H group, an -OA-SO3H group and a linear, cyclic or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
- At least one among Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 comprises an OH, SO3H, COOH function, and/or any of their salts, in particular a sodium or potassium salt, in particular a SO3H function.
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are independently chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a methyl or ethyl group, a COOH group, a SO3H group, a - group.
- At least two among Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are different from a hydrogen atom.
- two or three of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are different from a hydrogen atom.
- Z 4 H.
- the oxidized form of the oxidizer/reducer couple included in the electrolyte can in particular be chosen from the following compounds:
- AQDS(2,7) 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate disodium
- AQDS(1.5) 9,10-anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonate disodium
- AQS(2)DH Alizarin red s: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate sodium
- AQS(2)NBr 1 -amino-4-bromo-9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate sodium
- NQ(1,4)HB (Lapachol): 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone
- NQ(1,4)DHCl 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
- AQDH(1,5) (Anthrarufin): 1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinoneAQTH(1,2)
- ARSNa 1,2-dihydroxy-3-(sodium sulfonate)-9,10-anthraquinone
- ARSK 1,2-dihydroxy-3-(potassium sulfonate)-9,10-anthraquinone
- HQ(1,4)TF 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-dihydroxybenzene.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a step of formulating the solid residue comprising the dissolution of the solid residue in an aqueous medium to obtain a recycled electrolyte.
- the solid residue is optionally rinsed and/or dried.
- This formulation step may also include the addition of other constituents to the recycled electrolyte, such as additives.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a step of introducing the recycled electrolyte obtained in the formulation step (700) into the negative or positive compartment of a flow redox battery.
- the electrolyte is a negolyte
- the process according to the invention comprises a chemical oxidation step between the collection step and the precipitation step, comprising bringing the negolyte into contact with an oxidant capable of oxidize the reduced form of the oxidizer/reducer couple.
- This step is preferably implemented when the negolyte has been collected from a flow redox battery which has not been completely discharged before the collection step.
- the electroactive compound to be precipitated is the oxidant of the oxido/reducing couple included in the negolyte.
- oxidant capable of oxidizing the reducer of the oxido/reducer couple we mean any compound belonging to an oxido/reducer couple different from the oxido/reducer couple included in the negolyte and whose standard redox potential is strictly greater than the standard redox potential. redox of the oxido/reductive couple included in the negolyte.
- the step of bringing the negolyte into contact with a reducer capable of reducing the oxidant of the oxido/reducing couple is bringing the negolyte into contact with air, the dioxygen of which spontaneously oxidizes the reducer of the oxido/reducing couple of the negolyte.
- the oxidant is chosen from the group consisting of metal oxides, for example silver or chromium oxide, inorganic oxidants, for example ozone, diode, oxone (KHSO5), organic oxidants. chosen from:
- mCPBA metachloro perbenzoic acid
- MMPP magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
- - peroxides for example tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH);
- N-methylmorpholine N-oxide NMO
- TEMPO (2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxy
- pyridine-chromium couples, for example pyridinium dichromate (PDC) or pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC);
- any oxidized form of a posolyte's electroactive compound can also be used as an oxidant for the negolyte's reductant.
- the electrolyte is a posolyte and the method according to the invention comprises a chemical reduction step between the collection step (200) and the precipitation step (300), comprising bringing into contact posolyte with a reducing agent capable of reducing the oxidized form of the oxidizing/reducing couple.
- This step is preferably implemented when the posolyte has been collected from a flow redox battery which has not been completely discharged before the collection step.
- the electroactive molecule to be precipitated is the reducer of the oxidizer/reducer couple included in the posolyte.
- reducing agent capable of reducing the oxidized form of the oxido/reducing couple we mean any compound belonging to an oxido/reducing couple different from the oxido/reducing couple included in the posolyte and whose standard redox potential is less than the standard redox potential. redox of the oxido/reducer couple included in the posolyte.
- the step of bringing the posolyte into contact with a reducing agent capable of reducing the oxidant of the oxidant/reducing couple comprises the addition of a reducing agent to the aqueous posolyte.
- the addition of a reducing agent to the aqueous posolyte is done by controlling the pH, which must preferably remain greater than or equal to 8.
- the reducing agent is chosen from the group consisting of H2O2, Na2SOs, Na2S2C>4, Na2S2C>3, N 2 H 4 (hydrazine), l 2 (iodine) and organic reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, and glucose derivatives.
- the method according to the invention further comprises a step of treating the effluent obtained at the end of the separation step to obtain a treated effluent.
- the treated effluent can be reused in the precipitation stage.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a step of verifying the purity of the solid residue, for example by chemical and/or electrochemical analysis.
- the aqueous electrolyte to be recycled may comprise at least one additive.
- the additive is either recycled with the electroactive compound, and is therefore included in the solid residue, or included in the effluent obtained at the end of the process.
- additive we mean any compound likely to increase certain physicochemical properties of the electrolyte.
- the invention also relates to a system for recycling an aqueous electrolyte from a flow redox battery comprising:
- a device for precipitation (40) of the electroactive compound by adding an anti-solvent of the electroactive compound and/or adding an acid or a base and/or adding a salt, providing a suspension.
- the collection device preferably comprises a collection tank for the collected aqueous electrolyte and a device capable of transferring the electrolyte from the flow redox battery to the collection tank.
- the collection tank is in fluid connection with the negative or positive tank of the redox flow battery to be recycled.
- the aqueous electrolyte collected from the redox flow battery is a used aqueous electrolyte since it has undergone at least one charge and/or discharge cycle.
- the used aqueous electrolyte is collected at the end of the battery life cycle.
- the device according to the invention may further comprise a first storage tank comprising an anti-solvent of the electroactive compound of the aqueous electrolyte collected and/or an acid or a solution of a base and/or a solution of a salt as defined in the description of the process according to the invention, preferably an acid storage tank.
- the first storage tank is in fluid connection with the precipitation device.
- the recycling system according to the invention comprises a discharge device capable of oxidizing the reducer of the oxido/reducing pair of the negolyte or capable of reducing the oxidant of the oxido/reducing pair of the posolyte.
- the discharge device is preferably in fluid connection with a second storage tank comprising an oxidant capable of oxidizing the reducer of the oxidant/reducing couple or a reducing agent capable of reducing the oxidant of the oxidant/reducing couple as defined above.
- the discharge device is preferably in fluid connection with the collection tank and the precipitation device.
- the recycling system according to the invention further comprises a separation device making it possible to separate the suspension resulting from the precipitation device into a solid residue and an effluent.
- the separation device may be a centrifugal decanter.
- the solid residue obtained in the separation device comprises the precipitated electroactive compound(s).
- the recycling system according to the invention comprises a system for rinsing the solid residue, preferably rinsing with water, to obtain a rinsed solid residue.
- the separation device is preferably in fluid connection with the precipitation device and the drying or formulation device.
- the separation device is capable of partially or completely drying the solid residue, possibly rinsed.
- the drying device is included in the separation device.
- the device according to the invention comprises a device for drying the solid residue by heating and/or by placing the solid residue under reduced pressure, possibly rinsed.
- the device of the invention further comprises a device for treating the effluent from the separation device to obtain a treated effluent.
- the treatment device is in fluid connection with the storage tank and/or with the precipitation device.
- the recycling system according to the invention further comprises a formulation device formulating the solid residue in the form of a recycled electrolyte.
- the device according to the invention may further comprise a formulation reservoir comprising an aqueous solution possibly comprising one or more additives, as defined above.
- the formulation tank is in fluid connection with the formulation device.
- the recycled electrolyte can be introduced into the positive or negative compartment of a new redox flow battery, preferably by a fluid connection.
- the recycling system according to the invention is for implementing the method according to the invention.
- electroactive compounds can be recycled by precipitation.
- the recycling process according to the invention is particularly easy to implement and therefore particularly innovative. This process makes it possible to obtain very good recycling yields of electroactive compounds.
- the electroactive compounds recycled by the process of the invention are reusable for new cycling in a new redox flow battery with very satisfactory performance, particularly in terms of capacity and/or ohmic resistance ( ⁇ 2 Q.cm 2 ) and stability during the repetition of the operating cycles of the redox battery, which is substantially stable over several tens or hundreds of cycles.
- Such a performance was not expected by those skilled in the art.
- Another advantage of the process of the invention is that a small quantity (in proportion to the volume treated) of reagents is used. Additionally, these reagents are readily available (and already used in many other applications) and inexpensive. For example, acetic acid or sulfuric acid do not pose a significant environmental threat.
- the precipitation is rapid, and the process according to the invention does not generate pollution of the recycled electroactive compounds: the purification of the solid residue only goes through a rinsing step, and possibly evaporation.
- the yield of the process according to the invention and its low cost allow industrialization of the process and the system according to the invention.
- FIG 1 is a schematic block diagram of a process according to the invention. After the cycling 100 of a redox flow battery, at least one aqueous electrolyte of the redox flow battery is collected during a collection step 200.
- the electroactive compound(s) included in the aqueous electrolyte is(are) optionally brought into contact with an oxidant or a reducer in order to be discharged during a step (250) of chemical oxidation or reduction.
- the electroactive compound(s) included in the aqueous electrolyte is(are) precipitated during a precipitation step 300, preferably by adding an anti-solvent of the electroactive molecule and /or the addition of an acid or a base and/or the addition of a salt to the aqueous electrolyte.
- the suspension obtained at the end of the precipitation step 300 is then separated into a solid residue and an effluent during a separation step 400.
- a solid residue comprising the electroactive compound(s) and an effluent are obtained.
- the solid residue can be rinsed with water and triturated during a step 500 of rinsing with water and trituration with water.
- the solid residue, rinsed or not, can optionally be dried during a drying step 600 in order to reduce the quantity of water and/or solvent present in the solid residue.
- the solid residue can then be formulated during a formulation step 700 in order to obtain a recycled electrolyte.
- the recycled electrolyte can be used in a new flow redox battery, alone or mixed with an electrolyte comprising native electroactive compound(s), i.e. not having never been used in a charge and/or discharge cycle of a flow redox battery.
- the effluent obtained at the end of the separation step can be treated during a treatment step 800, in order to obtain a treated effluent capable of being reused in the precipitation step 300 during a future implementation of the method according to the invention.
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of a recycling system 1 of an aqueous electrolyte of a redox flow battery 10 according to the invention.
- Figure 2 deals with the case of recycling a negolyte, but can be transposed in its entirety to a posolyte.
- a negolyte 20 from a redox flow battery 10 is collected in a collection device 30, possibly conveyed to a discharge device 35, then conveyed to a precipitation device 40.
- An acid or a base and/or an anti-solvent and/or a solution of a salt from a storage tank 45 is added to the negolyte 20 in the precipitation device 40 in order to precipitate the electroactive compound(s) of the negolyte 20.
- the suspension obtained is separated, preferably by filtration, in a separation device 50.
- a solid residue 52 comprising the electroactive compound(s) of the negolyte 20 and an effluent 54 are obtained.
- the effluent 54 is collected in an effluent collection device 80, and can be treated then redirected to the storage tank 45.
- the solid residue 52 is rinsed with water and triturated with water, then separated a second time to remove the wash water.
- residue 52 (rinsed or not) is dried or partially dried, either directly in the separation device, or after having been transferred to a drying device 60.
- the drying device makes it possible to heat under controlled temperature and/or to put the residue 52 under reduced pressure and thus reduce the quantity of water and possible solvents present in the solid residue 52.
- the solid residue 52 is then sent to a formulation device 70.
- An aqueous solution possibly comprising additives is also introduced into the formulation device 70 from a formulation tank 75 in order to prepare a recycled negolyte 78.
- the recycled negolyte 78 can then be introduced into the negative compartment of a new flow redox battery 90.
- FIG 3 is a graph representing the capacity accessible in battery cycling (TRL 4) (as a percentage of the theoretical capacity of the electrolytes) of a battery comprising electrolytes with native electroactive compound and a battery comprising electrolytes with compound recycled electroactive.
- FIG 4 is a graph representing the battery resistance (TRL 4) measured by polarization curve of a battery comprising electrolytes with native electroactive compound and a battery comprising electrolytes with recycled electroactive compound.
- FIG 5 is a graph representing the capacity accessible in battery cycling (TRL 4) (as a percentage of the theoretical capacity of the electrolytes) of a battery comprising electrolytes with only native electroactive compounds, and a battery comprising a posolyte with native electroactive compound and a negolyte with recycled electroactive compound.
- FIG 6 is a graph representing the battery resistance (TRL 4) measured by polarization curve of a battery comprising electrolytes with only native electroactive compounds, and a battery comprising a posolyte with native electroactive compound and a negolyte with recycled electroactive compound.
- Example 1 Recycling and battery testing of the ferrocvanide/ferricvanide redox couple
- the recycling process was implemented on electrolytes used in batteries (>350 cycles and 6 months of cycling). The results present both the characteristics of the recycling process and the performance of batteries including the recycled electrolytes.
- the electroactive compound(s) of the ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple (depending on the final charge state of the electrolytic solution) of the posolyte is(are) first reduced. chemically, for example by adding H 2 C>2, by controlling the pH (which should preferably remain greater than 8) and with stirring, in order to obtain a posolyte comprising 100% ferrocyanide.
- Precipitation is then carried out by adding 96% ethanol (in liquid form) to the posolyte with magnetic stirring;
- the amount needed to cause precipitation of ferrocyanide depends on the temperature of the solution and its concentration.
- the ferrocyanide concentration in the posolyte is 0.34 M.
- the precipitation is instantaneous and visually detectable.
- the addition of ethanol must be controlled, because if it exceeds a certain volume, the effect is counterproductive and the ferrocyanide redissolves in the solvent mixture.
- the solution is then filtered (for example in the laboratory on filter paper (5-10 ⁇ m)), then the solid residue obtained is dried by evaporation of the residual traces of solvent (water + ethanol).
- the electroactive compound used is, in its oxidized form, the following molecule:
- the fraction of the electroactive molecule (M3CH) of the negolyte being in reduced form is discharged (ie is oxidized) automatically in the air by the action of dioxygen in the air. Then, the precipitation of the electroactive molecule is carried out by acidification of the negolyte solution, up to a pH value less than or equal to 6.
- the process was tested with several types of acid (strong acid eg sulfuric acid, weak acid eg acetic acid), leading to equivalent results.
- the quantity of acid to add depends solely on the volume of electrolyte to be reprocessed and its initial pH. It is added with stirring. As soon as the pH value is less than or equal to 6, precipitation is instantaneous.
- Filtration of the effluent can be carried out on a filter with a large pore size, because the cake obtained is very compact and forms a block.
- the precipitate must then be rinsed with water to remove traces of acid, then spread to facilitate the drying stage, and eliminate residual traces of solvent.
- Quantitative NMR method The 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a BRUKER AC 300 P spectrometer (300 MHz). Maleic acid (Acros Organics) was used as an internal standard to assess the purity of the compounds.
- Figures 3 and 4 present the performances obtained with a battery comprising electrolytes comprising native electroactive compound(s) and with a recycled battery, ie comprising a negolyte and a posolyte formulated from compound(s) recycled electroactive(s).
- the initial pH of electrolytes is 13.
- Figures 5 and 6 present the performances obtained with a battery comprising electrolytes with native electroactive compound(s) and with a partially recycled battery, i.e. comprising a native posolyte but a negolyte formulated from of recycled electroactive compound(s), the negolyte initially comprising at least one additive.
- the initial pH of electrolytes is 12.
- Electroactive negolyte compounds other than anthraquinone (M3CH) were efficiently recycled using the method according to the invention.
- the molecules were either purchased or synthesized to carry out the recycling tests. They were put into solution under conditions similar to those listed in the literature on organic flow batteries. Several tests were then carried out to assess the possibility of recycling the molecules without degrading their chemical structure. The integrity of the molecules after recycling was verified by NMR and the recycling yield was evaluated by weighing after drying, then calculated with the purity obtained by quantitative NMR. The results reveal good recycling possibilities for most of the molecules tested; an improvement in yield is observed when using a strong acid, which makes it possible to drop below the pKa of the functional groups and therefore to precipitate more of the active species.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2208175A FR3138739A1 (fr) | 2022-08-08 | 2022-08-08 | Procédé de recyclage d’électrolyte aqueux à base de composés quinoniques de batterie rédox à flux |
| PCT/EP2023/071867 WO2024033328A1 (fr) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-07 | Procédé de recyclage d'électrolyte aqueux à base de composés quinoniques de batterie rédox à flux |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4569556A1 true EP4569556A1 (fr) | 2025-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23754748.4A Pending EP4569556A1 (fr) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-07 | Procédé de recyclage d'électrolyte aqueux à base de composés quinoniques de batterie rédox à flux |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260051523A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4569556A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120548630A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138739A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024033328A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2319285A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-13 | Hydro-Quebec | Methode de neutralisation et de recyclage de batteries rechargeables de polymere de metal lithium epuisees |
| CN103236570B (zh) | 2013-04-12 | 2015-07-29 | 北京百能汇通科技股份有限公司 | 锌溴电池用电解液的回收处理方法 |
| KR102242697B1 (ko) | 2015-05-13 | 2021-04-20 | 아쿠아 메탈스 인크. | 납 축전지를 재활용 하기 위한 폐 루프 시스템들 및 방법들 |
| WO2019072385A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-04-18 | Cmblu Projekt Ag | Électrolytes de batterie redox |
| CN109292818A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-01 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 失效电解液制备高纯v2o5的方法 |
| EP3671928A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-24 | Fundación Imdea Energía | Batterie à flux redox pour le stockage d'énergie |
| EP3840096A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-23 | Kemiwatt | Nouvel électrolyte organique aqueux pour batterie à flux redox |
-
2022
- 2022-08-08 FR FR2208175A patent/FR3138739A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-08-07 WO PCT/EP2023/071867 patent/WO2024033328A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-07 EP EP23754748.4A patent/EP4569556A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-08-07 US US19/101,120 patent/US20260051523A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-07 CN CN202380071519.6A patent/CN120548630A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3138739A1 (fr) | 2024-02-09 |
| US20260051523A1 (en) | 2026-02-19 |
| CN120548630A (zh) | 2025-08-26 |
| WO2024033328A1 (fr) | 2024-02-15 |
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