EP4565932A1 - Avionique triplex haute integrite - Google Patents
Avionique triplex haute integriteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4565932A1 EP4565932A1 EP23748792.1A EP23748792A EP4565932A1 EP 4565932 A1 EP4565932 A1 EP 4565932A1 EP 23748792 A EP23748792 A EP 23748792A EP 4565932 A1 EP4565932 A1 EP 4565932A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- computer
- processing channel
- module
- processing
- channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/80—Arrangements for reacting to or preventing system or operator failure
- G05D1/87—Arrangements for reacting to or preventing system or operator failure using redundant control arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2109/00—Types of controlled vehicles
- G05D2109/20—Aircraft, e.g. drones
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of avionics embedded in an aircraft (in a drone for example).
- the open category is for low risk aviation safety operations
- the specific category is for moderate risk operations
- the certified category is for high risk operations.
- Each category lists acceptable types of flight and operations based on the characteristics of the drones and in particular their mass and the control systems that equip them.
- the invention is particularly interesting for civil drones of the specific and certified categories - but it can be applied more generally to any type of drone, civil or military, and even to any type of aircraft.
- Drones are used, for example, to monitor high-voltage lines.
- ETSO European Technical Standard Order
- ETSO 0145 for example, Airborne navigation sensors using the GPS, etc.
- each calculator differ from each other, each given processing channel having its own specificity which differs from the specific specificities of the other processing channels.
- the invention aims to provide avionics having a high level of safety, and a reduced mass, volume and cost.
- a computer arranged to be on board an aircraft which comprises at least one flight control actuator, the computer comprising a housing in which are integrated at least three processing channels which are physically separated, each processing channel comprising: a first module arranged to acquire measurements produced by at least one sensor associated with said processing channel, to estimate navigation parameters from these measurements, and to verify a first validity of the navigation parameters by comparing them with those estimated by the first modules of the other processing channels;
- a second module arranged to generate commands from a trajectory instruction of the aircraft and navigation parameters estimated by the first module of said processing channel and the first validity of which has been verified;
- a third module arranged to verify a second validity of the commands by comparing them with those generated by the second modules of the other processing channels; the computer being arranged to transmit the commands, the second validity of which has been verified, to control the flight control actuator(s).
- the sensor(s) associated with said processing channel comprise at least one external sensor located outside the computer, and/or at least one internal sensor integrated into said treatment route.
- the external sensor(s) associated with said processing channel comprise at least one pressure sensor and a magnetometer, and in which the navigation parameters comprise an air speed, an altitude and a magnetic heading.
- the internal sensor(s) associated with said processing channel comprise sensors integrated into a satellite positioning system and into an integrated inertial measurement unit.
- the navigation parameters include a position and an attitude.
- the calculator is arranged to, if the first validity of a navigation parameter estimated by the first module of said processing channel is not verified, no longer use a sensor which is associated with said processing channel and which was used to estimate said navigation parameter.
- the processing channels include a current master channel, the computer being arranged to:
- the verification of the second validity carried out by the third module includes a bit-by-bit comparison and a majority vote.
- each processing channel of the calculator being connected to one of the measuring equipment;
- each interface equipment being connected to the computer and said flight control actuator and being arranged to acquire a command issued by the computer, to transmit said command to said actuator flight control to control it, and to send rising signals to the computer representative of operation of said flight control actuator.
- the rising signals comprise monitoring signals representative of a state of the flight control actuator.
- the upstream signals include return signals which are used by the second modules of the processing channels of the computer to produce the commands.
- Figure 1 represents an avionics system of a drone, which includes a computer, measuring equipment, interface equipment, and flight control actuators;
- Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, the calculator being shown in more detail;
- Figure 3 represents interface equipment.
- the architecture represented is in no way limiting and, in particular, the number of measuring equipment 4, the number of flight control actuators 5 and the number of interface equipment 6, which are effectively embarked in the drone 1, may be different.
- the number of flight control actuators 5 is in reality probably greater and for example equal to six or eight.
- the three measuring equipment 4 are identical, but independent and physically separated.
- the three measuring devices 4 measure the same quantities.
- the calculator 3 is connected to each measuring equipment 4 by digital links 7: 7a, 7b, 7c.
- Each measuring equipment 4 integrates at least one external sensor 8, as well as a processing module 11.
- external sensor we mean that the sensor(s) are not integrated into the computer 3.
- Each measuring equipment 4 integrates at least one pressure sensor (in this case a barometer and a pitot probe) and a magnetometer.
- the processing module 11 of each measuring equipment 4 digitizes the measurements produced by the external sensors 8 of said measuring equipment 4, and transmits these digitized “raw” measurements to the computer 3 via the corresponding digital link 7.
- the measurements therefore travel, from the measuring equipment 4 to the computer 3, according to flows Fl, which are monodirectional and independent flows.
- the flight control actuators 5 include for example one or more control actuators of the drone 1 and/or one or more motor actuators of the drone 1.
- the actuators 5 are so-called COTS actuators (for Commercial Off-The-Shelf, that is to say they are available actuators which do not have particular characteristics to be integrated into the avionics system 2 described here) .
- the computer 3 is connected to the actuator 5a via the interface equipment 6a and to the actuator 5b via the interface equipment 6b.
- the computer 3 is connected to the interface equipment 6a and to the interface equipment 6b by two separate CAN buses 9 (CAN for Controller Area Network): a CAN bus 9a and a CAN bus 9b.
- CAN buses 9 CAN for Controller Area Network
- Each interface equipment 6 is connected to an actuator 5 by a CAN bus 10: the interface equipment 6a is connected to the actuator 5a by a CAN bus 10a, and the interface equipment 6b is connected to the actuator 5b via a CAN bus 10b.
- the computer 3 comprises a housing in which at least three processing channels 12 are physically integrated separated.
- the calculator 3 includes three processing channels 12a, 12b and 12c.
- processing channel 12 is connected to measuring equipment 4 (distinct): processing channel 12a is connected to measuring equipment 4a via link 7a, processing channel 12b is connected to measuring equipment 4b by the link 7b and the processing channel 12c is connected to the measuring equipment 4c by the link 7c.
- Each processing channel 12 comprises at least one internal sensor.
- Each processing channel 12 here includes several internal sensors, which include sensors integrated into a satellite positioning system 14 (or GNSS, for Global Navigation Satelli te System) and in an inertial measurement unit 15 (or IMU, for Inertial Measurement Unit t), which are themselves integrated into said processing channel 12.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satelli te System
- IMU Inertial Measurement Unit t
- Each processing channel 12 further comprises power supply components 16 which supply said processing channel 12 from two power sources 18 of the drone 1 to which the computer 3 is connected.
- the two power sources 18 are generally batteries.
- Each processing channel 12 further comprises one or more processing components 19, and for example any processor or microprocessor(s), general purpose(s) or specialized(s) (for example a DSP, for Digital Signal Processor, or a GPU, for Graphics Processing Unit t), a microcontroller, or a programmable logic circuit such as an FPGA (for Field Programmable Gate Arrays) or an ASIC (for Application Specific Integra ted Circui t).
- processor or microprocessor(s) for example a DSP, for Digital Signal Processor, or a GPU, for Graphics Processing Unit t
- a microcontroller for example a programmable logic circuit such as an FPGA (for Field Programmable Gate Arrays) or an ASIC (for Application Specific Integra ted Circui t).
- Each processing channel 12 also includes one or more memories 20. At least one of these memories 20 forms a computer-readable recording medium, on which is recorded at least one computer program comprising instructions which enable the processing channel 12 to perform the functions described here. One of these memories 20 can be integrated into one of the processing components 19.
- Each processing channel 12 further comprises a first module 21, a second module 22 and a third module 23.
- modules 21, 22, 23 are here functional modules and are implemented in the processing component(s) 19 which have just been described. Modules 21, 22, 23 can be purely software modules, purely hardware modules, or partially software and partially hardware modules.
- each processing channel 12 is associated with at least one external sensor 8 (here three) and/or (here and) with at least one internal sensor (which are integrated here in a GNSS 14 and in an IMU 15).
- the first module 21 acquires the measurements produced by the sensors associated with said processing channel 12, that is to say by the external sensors 8 of the measuring equipment 4 to which said processing channel 12 is connected, and by the internal sensors 14, 15 integrated in said processing channel 12.
- the first module 21 of said processing channel 12 then estimates, from these measurements, navigation parameters.
- the navigation parameters here include an air speed, an altitude and a magnetic heading (of the drone 1), obtained from the measurements produced by the sensors external 8, and a position and an attitude (of the drone 1), obtained from the measurements produced by the satellite positioning system 14 and by the inertial measurement unit 15.
- the first modules 21 of the three processing channels 12 then exchange the navigation parameters that they have each estimated from the sensors associated with their processing channel 12.
- the navigation parameters travel between the first modules 21 according to flows F2, on an internal inter-channel bus 24.
- Each first module 21 also transmits on the internal bus 24 monitoring signals from the internal 14, 15 and external sensors 8 associated with the processing channel 12 to which said first module 21 belongs.
- the monitoring signals include information on the state of said sensor (for example normal state, failure, sensor connection problem, etc.).
- the first module 21 of each processing channel 12 then verifies a first validity of the navigation parameters that it has estimated by comparing them with those estimated by the first modules 21 of the other processing channels 12.
- the first module 21 of each processing channel 12 for each navigation parameter, compares the value of said navigation parameter that it has estimated with an average of the values of the same parameter used for navigation estimated by the first modules 21 of the navigation parameters. other treatment routes 12.
- a first vote is therefore carried out by each first module 21 on the navigation parameters. If the value of the navigation parameter that said first module 21 has estimated is included in an interval [Ma; M+a], where M is the average and a is a tolerance margin, the first module 21 considers that the first validity of said navigation parameter is verified, that is to say that the navigation parameter that it has estimated is valid.
- the first module 21 If the value of said navigation parameter is not included in this interval, the first module 21 considers that the first validity of said navigation parameter is not verified, that is to say that the navigation parameter it estimated is not valid.
- the computer 3 For each processing channel 12, if the first validity of a navigation parameter estimated by the first module 21 of said processing channel 12 is not verified, the computer 3 no longer uses the sensor (external or internal) which is associated with said processing channel 12 and which was used to estimate said navigation parameter.
- the computer 3 deactivates said processing channel 12.
- Computer 3 therefore goes from a triplex configuration (with three channels) to a dual lane configuration (with two channels).
- the external 8 and internal sensors 14, 15 associated with said processing channel 12 are no longer used.
- Each processing channel 12 receives, via a digital link 25, a trajectory instruction Ct from the drone 1.
- the trajectory setpoint Ct of the drone 1 is for example pre-recorded in the computer 3 or in other equipment of the drone 1, or is calculated in real time by the computer 3 or by other equipment of the drone 1, or is sent by a ground station, by another aircraft, etc.
- Each processing channel 12 also receives, via a digital link 26, flight control monitoring signals, which are transmitted to the computer 3 by equipment which monitors the flight controls, or by functions internal to the computer 3.
- the second module 22 of each processing channel 12 then generates commands from the trajectory setpoint Ct of the drone 1 and the navigation parameters estimated by the first module 21 of said processing channel 12, the first validity of which was verified.
- Each second module 22 then transmits to all the third modules 23 the commands it has generated.
- the commands therefore travel from the second modules 22 to the third modules 23 according to flows F3.
- These data circulate on an internal bus 28 (an Ethernet bus in this case), inter-channel.
- the third module 23 of said processing channel 12 verifies a second validity of the commands that the second module 22 of said processing channel 12 has generated, by comparing them with the commands generated by the second modules 22 of the other treatment routes 12.
- the comparison carried out by the third module 23 is a bit-by-bit comparison between the data in order to detect, via a majority vote (2 out of 3), a faulty processing channel 12.
- Bit-by-bit voting eliminates the need for threshold or average logic, and makes voting simpler and more robust. This method, however, requires synchronization of the processes between the different processing channels 12, in order to guarantee that the calculations are carried out simultaneously from the same data.
- the third modules 23 send on the bus 28 a status of the validity of the command calculation on each of the channels 12.
- Each processing channel 12a, 12b, 12c is connected to the interface equipment 6a by the CAN bus 9a and by the CAN bus 9b, and to the interface equipment 6b by the CAN bus 9a and the CAN bus 9b .
- the use of the two CAN buses 9a and 9b makes it possible to introduce redundancy into the link.
- the processing channels 12 include a current master channel.
- the master channel is processing channel 12a.
- the commands generated by said second module 22 of the processing channel 12a are transmitted on the CAN buses 9a and 9b to control the actuators 5a, 5b.
- the computer 3 is connected to each actuator 5 via separate interface equipment 6.
- each interface equipment 6 comprises a computer interface module 30, an actuator interface module 31, a power management module 32, a power supply and supervision module 33, a return module 34, and a processing and diagnostic module 35.
- the power management module 32 is connected to the power source 18.
- the power management module 32 receives power supply energy generated by the power source 18 and produces at least one supply voltage for power the interface equipment 6 and the actuator 5 to which the interface equipment 6 is connected.
- the power management module 32 produces monitoring signals representative of a state of the power source 18, and transmits them to the processing and diagnostic module 35.
- the power supply and supervision module 33 supplies the supply voltage V to the actuator 5 (more precisely, to the electric motor of the actuator 5).
- the power supply and supervision module 33 monitors the consumption of the actuator 5.
- the power supply and supervision module 33 attempts in particular to detect an anomaly in the current consumed (zero, too high, etc.).
- the power supply and supervision module 33 produces monitoring signals monitoring representative of electrical consumption of the actuator 5, and transmits them to the processing and diagnostic module 35.
- the computer interface module 30 is connected to the computer 3 via the CAN buses 9a and 9b, and receives the commands Cm issued by the current master channel (here channel 12a).
- the processing and diagnostic module 35 acquires the Corn commands and, possibly, performs processing on the Corn commands. In particular, if necessary, the processing and diagnostic module 35 converts the Corn commands into a format compatible with the actuator 5. The processing and diagnostic module 35 also verifies that the data traveling on the two CAN buses 9a and 9b are very consistent.
- the processing and diagnostic module 35 then transmits the Corn commands to the actuator 5 to control it, via the actuator interface module 31 and the bus 10.
- the processing and diagnostic module 35 also acquires, via the actuator interface module 31 and the bus 10, monitoring signals, produced by the actuator 5, and representative of a state of the actuator 5.
- the feedback module 34 acquires feedback signals Sr.
- the feedback signals Sr are here analog signals, produced by the actuator 5 (that is to say by one or more sensors integrated in or connected to the actuator 5).
- the actuator 5 comprises an electric motor and a member which is actuated by the electric motor.
- the feedback signals Sr are representative of a position of the rotor of the electric motor and/or a position of the member actuated by the electric motor of the actuator 5.
- the position feedback is independent of the command.
- the feedback module 34 transmits the feedback signals Sr to the processing and diagnostic module 35.
- the processing and diagnostic module 35 carries out processing and diagnostics relating to the operation of the actuator 5 and the power source 18, using the different monitoring signals produced by the different modules of the interface equipment 6 .
- the processing and diagnostic module 35 goes back to the rising signal calculator Sm.
- the Corn commands and the rising signals Sm travel according to flows F4 on the CAN buses 9a and 9b.
- the rising signals Sm include monitoring signals representative of a state of the flight control actuator 5.
- the upstream signals Sm also include the return signals Sr.
- the monitoring signals are used by the computer 3 to deactivate the actuator 5 if it fails.
- Calculator 3 takes this failure into account in the actuator control laws. Indeed, the control laws can adapt to the loss of part of the actuators (control allocation).
- the return signals are used by the second modules 22 of the processing channels 12 of the computer 3 to implement the control laws and to produce the commands making it possible to control the actuators 5.
- the computer 3 and the avionics system 2 which have just been described are particularly advantageous.
- the computer 3 implements the following functions: I/O management 40 (input/output management), location 41, navigation 42, guidance 43, piloting 44, calculation of aerodynamic quantities 45, attitude and heading calculation 46, GNSS sensors 47 , inertial sensors 48, state machine 49 (for control laws), monitoring and voting 50.
- I/O management 40 input/output management
- location 41 navigation 42
- guidance 43 guidance 43
- piloting 44 calculation of aerodynamic quantities 45
- attitude and heading calculation 46 GNSS sensors 47
- inertial sensors 48 for control laws
- monitoring and voting 50 for voting
- the computer 3 and the avionics system 2 make it possible to obtain avionics with a high level of integrity and safety, in a mass, volume and cost adapted to civil professional drones.
- the mass of avionics system 2 is typically less than 2 kilograms.
- the integration, in a single box, of the three channels each including their position and attitude sensors, calculation means, power supply components, and input/output management, makes it possible to limit the mass of cabling between channels that are traditionally found on triplex architectures with three separate computers.
- each measuring equipment 4 associated with each processing channel 12, integrating the static pressure, total pressure and magnetometer sensors, and communicating with the associated processing channel 12 via a digital link 7, makes it possible to free from generally used pneumatic fittings, which facilitates integration of system 2 into drone 1 and limits its mass.
- each measuring equipment 4 In order to limit costs, each measuring equipment 4 only acquires the measurements, digitizes them and communicates them via the digital link 7. Calculations of useful quantities (air speed, atmospheric pressure) are carried out in each channel 12 of the computer 3, in order to commonize the critical calculation functions.
- the various equipment of system 2 are less sensitive to icing.
- Computer 3 implements a limited number of digital interfaces, which makes it possible to reduce the mass of the connectors.
- interface equipment 6 communicating by digital link with the computer 3, makes it possible to manage the specific interfaces of the drone 1 in which the avionics are integrated.
- This interface equipment 6 has the minimum communication and acquisition functions.
- Each interface equipment 6 performs the monitoring functions of the actuators 5, which makes it possible to achieve the required safety levels on the functional flight control chain, while using COTS actuators (which do not necessarily integrate themselves). even monitoring devices).
- Monitoring each actuator 5 by the associated interface equipment 6 makes it possible in particular to detect abnormal operation of the actuator 5 and therefore to deactivate it quickly, for example by cutting off its power supply. This prevents the abnormal operation of the actuator 5 from significantly or even dangerously degrading the operation of the drone 1.
- the data reported by the interface equipment 6 makes it possible to implement Health Monitoring functions (which can be translated as predictive maintenance) on the actuators 5.
- the comparison of the measurements carried out by the first modules 21 of the calculator 3 makes it possible to implement Health Monitoring functions on the external sensors 8 of the measuring equipment and on the internal sensors.
- the invention is not necessarily implemented in a civilian drone, but can be applied to any type of drone.
- the invention can also be implemented in an aircraft other than a drone, and for example in an aircraft certified according to the EASA CS-23 certification specification.
- the calculator could include a number of channels other than three.
- External sensors could be different from those described here, and are not necessarily grouped into measurement equipment. These could be individual sensors. The internal sensors could also be different.
- the buses used between the computer and the interface equipment, and between the interface equipment and the actuators are CAN buses; it is of course possible to use different buses, and for example RS buses (RS485 for example) or buses using the PWM technique (for Pulse Width Modulation).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Feedback Control In General (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Hardware Redundancy (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2208104A FR3138708A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Avionique triplex haute intégrité |
| PCT/EP2023/071125 WO2024028250A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2023-07-31 | Avionique triplex haute integrite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4565932A1 true EP4565932A1 (fr) | 2025-06-11 |
Family
ID=84569291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23748792.1A Pending EP4565932A1 (fr) | 2022-08-04 | 2023-07-31 | Avionique triplex haute integrite |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260044159A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4565932A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138708A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024028250A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3279929D1 (en) * | 1982-06-16 | 1989-10-12 | Boeing Co | Autopilot flight director system |
| US10843796B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2020-11-24 | Merlin Technology, Inc. | Rotorcraft advanced autopilot control arrangement and methods |
| JP6567652B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-01 | 2019-08-28 | アラカイ テクノロジーズ コーポレーション | 個人航空輸送および有人または無人動作のためのクリーン燃料の電気マルチローター航空機 |
-
2022
- 2022-08-04 FR FR2208104A patent/FR3138708A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-31 US US19/099,186 patent/US20260044159A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-31 EP EP23748792.1A patent/EP4565932A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-31 WO PCT/EP2023/071125 patent/WO2024028250A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260044159A1 (en) | 2026-02-12 |
| FR3138708A1 (fr) | 2024-02-09 |
| WO2024028250A1 (fr) | 2024-02-08 |
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