EP4562691A1 - Elément électrochimique au lithium comprenant une électrode positive à base d'un phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer - Google Patents
Elément électrochimique au lithium comprenant une électrode positive à base d'un phosphate lithié de manganèse et de ferInfo
- Publication number
- EP4562691A1 EP4562691A1 EP23736769.3A EP23736769A EP4562691A1 EP 4562691 A1 EP4562691 A1 EP 4562691A1 EP 23736769 A EP23736769 A EP 23736769A EP 4562691 A1 EP4562691 A1 EP 4562691A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrochemical element
- mass
- monomer
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Lithium electrochemical element comprising a positive electrode based on a lithium manganese and iron phosphate
- the technical field of the invention is that of secondary electrochemical elements comprising a positive electrode (cathode) based on a lithium manganese and iron phosphate.
- An electrochemical element also designated by the term “element” in the following, comprises an electrochemical beam consisting of an alternation of positive electrodes and negative electrodes surrounding a separator impregnated with electrolyte.
- Each positive electrode and each negative electrode consists of a metallic current collector supporting on at least one of its faces at least one active material and generally a binder and an electronic conductive material.
- Rechargeable electrochemical elements of the lithium-metal type are known from the state of the art. Due to their high mass and volume energy densities, they constitute a promising source of electrical energy. They comprise at least one positive electrode whose active material may be a lithium phosphate of at least one transition metal and at least one negative electrode whose active material is lithium or a lithium alloy.
- a family of lithiated phosphates of at least one transition metal consists of lithiated manganese and iron phosphates of formula LixMni-y-zFe y MzPO4 abbreviated LMFP with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2; 0.5 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- These phosphates contain manganese, iron and one or more substituting elements symbolized by the symbol M.
- An interesting feature of these phosphates is that they have an operating voltage of up to 4.5 V compared to Li + / Li.
- an electrolyte in gelled form in an electrochemical element can be obtained by dissolving a polymer in an organic solvent. The gelled electrolyte is then brought into contact with the electrodes which gradually become impregnated with it.
- the gel form has the following advantages: in the event of accidental opening of the element container, it helps prevent electrolyte from spilling into the environment in which the element is placed. It also prevents lithium dendrites likely to form on the surface of the negative electrode from propagating towards the positive electrode and creating micros short circuits detrimental to the life of the element. Compared to a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte improves the safety of the user of the element.
- an electrochemical element comprising:
- a positive electrode comprising an active material comprising a lithium manganese and iron phosphate
- a gel type electrolyte comprising a matrix which is a polymer obtained by crosslinking a monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups in which is incorporated a liquid mixture comprising at least one solvent, at least one lithium salt and a thermal initiator of radical polymerization.
- the active material is chosen from lithium metal and a lithium alloy.
- the polymer results from the crosslinking of trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate (TPPTA).
- TPPTA trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
- said at least one lithium salt consists of the combination of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate.
- said at least one lithium salt consists of the ternary combination of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and difluoro(oxalato)borate of lithium.
- said at least one solvent is a cyclic carbonate or a linear carbonate or a mixture thereof.
- said at least one solvent of the electrolyte is chosen from fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and a mixture of these.
- the thermal initiator of radical polymerization is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
- the active material of the positive electrode comprises:
- NMC lithiated nickel, manganese and cobalt oxide
- NCA lithiated lithium, nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide
- the lithium manganese iron phosphate has the formula: Li x Mni-y-zFe y MzPO4 where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0.5 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2 and
- M is one or more chemical elements selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb and Mo.
- the invention also relates to a process for in-situ thermal polymerization of a gelled polymer electrolyte in an electrochemical element, said process comprising the steps of: a) providing an assembly comprising at least one electrode positive comprising an active material comprising a lithiated manganese iron phosphate, at least one separator and at least one negative electrode comprising an active material; b) inserting the assembly into a container; c) preparation of a liquid mixture comprising at least one solvent, a monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups, at least one lithium salt and a thermal radical polymerization initiator; d) impregnation of the assembly with the liquid mixture; e) raising the temperature of the assembly to a temperature sufficient to cause crosslinking of the monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups for a period ranging from 2 to 24 hours.
- the invention is based on the discovery that the impregnation of a positive electrode based on LMFP can be improved by carrying out in-situ polymerization of a monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups.
- in-situ is meant a polymerization of a monomer carried out in such a way that the solution containing the monomer is in contact with the assembly comprising said at least one positive electrode, said at least one separator and said at least a negative electrode. This assembly is introduced into the element container prior to polymerization.
- the impregnation by the gel electrolyte was improved for a monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups having a low molecular mass.
- the improvement in the impregnation of the positive electrode results in an increase in the lifespan of the element in cycling as well as an increase in the coulombic efficiency, that is to say the ratio between the quantity of electricity discharged by the element and the quantity of electricity charged in the element during the charge preceding the discharge.
- step e) is carried out at a temperature ranging from 55 to 80°C.
- the mass percentage of monomer in the liquid mixture represents from 1 to 20% by mass of the mass of the assembly formed by said at least one solvent, said at minus a lithium salt and the thermal initiator of radical polymerization.
- the mass percentage of monomer in the liquid mixture represents from 2 to 7% by mass of the mass of the assembly formed by said at least one solvent, said at least one minus a lithium salt and the thermal initiator of radical polymerization.
- FIG. 1 compares the double layer capacitance of the positive electrodes at 25°C when the electrolyte is gelled by cross-linked TPPTA with that when the electrolyte is gelled by cross-linked PEGDA, for different frequencies after the formation of the elements.
- FIG. 2 compares the resistance at 25°C of the gelled electrolyte obtained by crosslinking of TPPTA with that of the gelled electrolyte obtained by crosslinking of PEGDA, at different times, after formation of the elements.
- FIG. 3 represents the variation of the capacity discharged by the elements of the examples as a function of the number of cycles.
- FIG. 4 represents the variation in the percentage of retention of the initial capacity of the elements of the examples as a function of the number of cycles.
- the polymer plays the role of matrix in the gelled electrolyte. It is obtained by crosslinking a monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups.
- Crosslinking refers to the formation of a polymer with a three-dimensional structure.
- acrylate groups includes methacrylate groups in the following.
- the monomer typically has two, three or four acrylate groups.
- crosslinking occurs only in the presence of the monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups.
- the crosslinked polymer includes at least one acrylate group.
- the reaction mixture does not include a comonomer.
- Examples of monomers comprising two acrylate groups are poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), poly(ethylene glycol) di methacrylate (PEGDMA), poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate (PPGDA) and poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA). Mention may be made of di(propylene glycol) diacrylate, 1H,1H,6H,6H-perfluoro-1,6-hexyl diacrylate, 1H,1H,5H,5H-perfluoropentane-1 diacrylate, 5-diyl and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butyl diacrylate.
- Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate can have a number molecular mass ranging from 5000 to 10000 g/mole or from 6000 to 8000 g/mole. It can also have a molecular mass of between 500 and 1000 g/mole, preferably between 600 and 800 g/mole. It was observed that low molecular weight monomers favored the impregnation of the electrode pores by the gelled electrolyte.
- TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- pentaerythritol triacrylate trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate
- TPPTA trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
- PTEA pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
- TPPTA trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
- Crosslinking occurs by bringing the monomer into contact with a thermal initiator of radical polymerization and activation of this initiator by heat.
- the degree of progress of crosslinking can be estimated by measuring the percentage of residual monomers in the reaction medium at different times of the reaction.
- the crosslinking conditions are chosen to minimize the amount of residual monomers. The presence of a small amount of residual monomers can have a detrimental effect on the function of the element.
- the electrolyte comprises one or more lithium salts which may be chosen from lithium perchlorate UCIO4, lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium tetrafluoroborate ÜBF4, lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsFe, lithium hexafluoroantimonate LiSbFe, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate UCF3SO3, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSO2)2N (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiN(CF3SO2)2 (LiTFSI), lithium tris(fluoromethanesulfonyl)methylide LiC( CF3SO2)3 (LiTFSM), lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide LiN(C2FsSO2)2 (LiBETI), lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl
- a first preferred mixture of lithium salts consists of LiPFe and LiDFOB each used at a concentration of approximately 0.5 mol.L -1 .
- a second preferred mixture of lithium salts consists of LiPFe, LiFSI and/or LiTFSI and LiDFOB.
- this second mixture consists of LiPFe, LiFSI and LiDFOB.
- This ternary mixture reduces the harmful effect of the presence of residual acrylate monomers. These monomers in fact form a passivation layer on the surface of the negative electrode during the formation of the element, that is to say the first charge/discharge cycle of the element. This layer is resistive and helps to increase the internal resistance of the element.
- the monomer comprising at least two acrylate groups, said at least one lithium salt and the thermal initiator of radical polymerization are dissolved in at least one organic solvent.
- the organic solvent can be chosen from the group consisting of saturated cyclic carbonates, unsaturated cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, linear ethers, cyclic ethers and their fluorinated derivatives.
- Preferred saturated cyclic carbonates are propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC) and a mixture thereof.
- An example of a fluorinated cyclic carbonate is monofluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- Vinylene carbonate can be used as an unsaturated cyclic carbonate.
- Preferred linear carbonates are dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) and a mixture thereof.
- Preferred linear ethers include dimethyl ether (DME), diethyl ether (DEE) and a mixture thereof.
- Preferred cyclic ethers include lactones, such as gamma-butyrolactone.
- said at least one solvent is chosen from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates and a mixture of these.
- said at least one solvent comprises fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- said at least one solvent is a mixture of a linear carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- the linear carbonate may be ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
- said at least one solvent is a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and the salt mixture consists of LiPFe and LiDFOB.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the thermal initiator of radical polymerization may be a compound comprising one or more azo groups.
- Preferred initiators are those that are activated by a temperature ranging from 50 to 100°C or from 60 to 90°C or from 70 to 80°C. Moderate temperatures ranging from 55 to 75°C are preferred.
- a thermal initiator of radical polymerization comprising an azo group is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
- the negative electrode comprises an active material preferably chosen from lithium metal, a lithium alloy. It can also be silicon, graphite or even an active material devoid of lithium.
- active material devoid of lithium designates a sheet made of a metal other than lithium. This metal does not form an alloy with lithium ions.
- the surface of the metal foil is free of lithium metal before the cell is charged and becomes covered with a layer of lithium during cell charging.
- the lithium alloy may be lithium alloyed with one or more of the elements chosen from Mg, Al, Zn, Si, B, Ge, Ga, In and Sn. More preferably, the only active material of the negative electrode is lithium metal or a lithium alloy.
- the active material can be attached to a current collector which can be a copper strip.
- At least one of the active materials of the positive electrode is a lithium manganese iron phosphate of formula: LixMni-y-zFe y MzPO4 Where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2; 0.5 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2 and M is chosen from the group consisting of B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb and Mo.
- Typical formulas for lithium iron manganese phosphate are LiMno,sFeo,2P04, LiMno,?Feo,3P04, LiMn2/3Fei/3PO4 ⁇ and LiMno,5Feo,sP04.
- lithium manganese iron phosphate is the only active material of the positive electrode.
- the lithium manganese iron phosphate is combined with at least one lithium oxide of at least one transition metal of formula LixMi.yz- w M'yM"zM'" w O 2 (LMO2) where M, M', M" and M'" are chosen from the group consisting of B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W and Mo provided that at least one of M, M', M” and M'” is chosen from Mn, Co, Ni or Fe; M, M', M” being M'” being different from each other; and 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5; 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.2 and x+y+z+w ⁇ 2.1.
- M, M', M" and M'" may be Al with a stoichiometric index less than or equal
- the lithium oxide of at least one transition metal may be a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) or a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) compound of respective formulas: Li w (NixMn y COzMt )O2 (NMC) where 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1; 0 ⁇ x; 0 ⁇ y; 0 ⁇ z; 0 ⁇ t; M being chosen from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and their mixtures,
- the lithium oxide of at least one transition metal is NMC in which 0.6 ⁇ x.
- the lithium oxide of at least one transition metal is NMC in which 0.6 ⁇ x and 0.15 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.40 or 0.20 ⁇ y ⁇ 0, 30.
- the lithium oxide of at least one transition metal is NMC in which 0.6 ⁇ x and 0.10 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.30 or 0.15 ⁇ z ⁇ 0, 25.
- the lithiated manganese iron phosphate when the lithiated manganese iron phosphate is mixed with a lithium oxide of at least one transition metal, such as NMC, the lithiated manganese iron phosphate can represent 50 to 99% or 55 at 75% or 60 to 80% by mass of the mass of the mixture. In another embodiment, the lithium iron manganese phosphate represents 1 to 50% by weight of the mass of the mixture.
- a separator is placed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the separator may consist of a layer of a material chosen from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), cellulose, polyimide, glass fibers.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- cellulose polyimide
- glass fibers glass fibers.
- the separator can be made up of several layers of the aforementioned materials, the layers being of the same nature or of different nature.
- a layer may be coated on one or both sides with a ceramic layer, such as alumina, or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene fluoride (PVdF-HFP) or a acrylate.
- a ceramic layer such as alumina, or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene fluoride (PVdF-HFP) or a acrylate.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdF-HFP polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene fluoride
- a preferred separator consists of a layer of polyethylene covered on both sides with a layer of alumina.
- An electrochemical beam is prepared in a conventional manner. It is prepared by superimposing at least one positive electrode, at least one separator, at least one negative electrode, each positive electrode being separated from the negative electrode by a separator. It can be a planar or spiral arrangement of the electrodes.
- the assembly of said at least one positive electrode, said at least one separator and said at least one negative electrode is introduced into a container of the element.
- the container can be of parallelepiped or cylindrical format. It may also be a flexible pocket formed after welding the edges of two multilayer films, each multilayer film comprising a metal layer, sandwiched between two layers of plastic.
- the monomer, said at least one solvent, said at least one lithium salt and the thermal initiator are mixed to produce a liquid mixture.
- the percentage by mass of the monomer ranges from 1 to 20% or from 5 to 10% or from 2 to 7% for a total mass of said at least one solvent, of said at least one lithium salt and of the thermal initiator of 100% radical polymerization.
- a low percentage of monomer makes it possible to obtain a lower viscosity of the liquid mixture which improves the impregnation of the electrodes.
- the total quantity of the thermal initiator(s) of radical polymerization can represent from 0.1 to 3% by mass, ideally from 1 to 1.5% by mass relative to the mass of monomer.
- the assembly is immersed in the liquid mixture at room temperature.
- a rest period generally ranging from 12 to 24 hours is preferably observed to improve the penetration of the liquid mixture into the pores of the positive and negative electrodes.
- the temperature is then increased to a value sufficient to activate the initiator and cause crosslinking of the monomer.
- the temperature is generally set in the range of 50 to 100°C, preferably 60 to 70°C. It can be set in the range of 60°C to 70°C when the radical initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- the heat is maintained for 2-24 hours, generally 5 to 15 hours depending on the amounts of monomer and radical initiator used.
- Closing of the element can take place before or after crosslinking.
- Two pocket-sized electrochemical elements were manufactured. They differ in the composition of their gel electrolyte.
- the monomer is in one of the elements of trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate (TPPTA) having a molecular mass in number of 644 g/mol.
- TPPTA trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate
- PEGDA poyethylene glycol diacrylate
- the two elements each comprise an assembly consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode separated by a separator.
- the assembly is housed in a flexible pouch formed after welding the edges of two multilayer films, each multilayer film comprising an aluminum metal layer sandwiched between two layers of plastic.
- the positive electrode comprises a mixture of active materials consisting of 60% by mass of LiMno.sFeo ⁇ PCL and 40% by mass of LiNio,6Mno,2oCoo,2oC>2.
- the negative electrode consists of a 60 pm lithium sheet attached to a current collector which is a copper strip.
- the separator is made of a layer of polyethylene covered on both sides with a layer of alumina.
- the gelled polymer electrolyte was obtained by in-situ crosslinking of the monomer in the pouch. To do this, we first prepared a mixture of fluororethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in the proportions of 20% vol. / 80% vol. LiPFe and LiDFOB were added to the mixture, each at a concentration of 0.5 M. The thermal initiator of radical polymerization was also previously added to the mixture at a rate of 0.1% by mass relative to the mass of the assembly consisting of FEC, EMC, LiPFe, LiDFOB and the monomer.
- FEC fluororethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the monomer was incorporated into the mixture at a rate of 5% by weight of monomer relative to the mass of the assembly consisting of the monomer, the solvents, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), difluoro(oxalato)borate. lithium (LiDFOB) and the thermal initiator of radical polymerization.
- the liquid mixture was introduced into the pouch containing the positive electrode, the separator and the negative electrode. Crosslinking was initiated by exposing the pouch to a temperature of 70°C for 7 hours.
- the elements underwent training consisting of two charge/discharge cycles at the rate of C/10 - D/10 then underwent one cycle at the rate of C/5 - D/2.
- the opposite faces of the elements were subjected to a compressive force of 1 bar.
- Figure 1 compares the double layer capacity of the positive electrodes at 25°C when the electrolyte is gelled by crosslinked TPPTA with that when the electrolyte is gelled by crosslinked PEGDA, for different frequencies after the formation of the elements .
- the highest double layer capacitance is obtained for the element whose electrolyte is gelled by cross-linked TPPTA. This suggests better impregnation of the electrodes by the electrolyte gelled by crosslinked TPPTA.
- One reason could be the molecular mass lower of TPPTA compared to that of PEGDA, which would induce a lower viscosity of the liquid mixture before crosslinking of the monomer.
- Figure 2 compares the resistance of the interface between the lithium electrodes with the gelled electrolyte based on TPPTA or based on PEGDA at 25°C.
- the resistance of this interface between the gelled electrolyte based on TPPTA and lithium is lower than that between the gelled electrolyte based on PEGDA and lithium. This result shows that the interface is less resistive and thus a lower polarization linked to this interface will be obtained when the current passes.
- the resistance value between the gelled electrolyte based on TPPTA and lithium decreases more quickly over time, indicating a stabilization of it.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207830A FR3138568A1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | Elément électrochimique au lithium comprenant une électrode positive à base d’un phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
| PCT/EP2023/069192 WO2024022807A1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-11 | Elément électrochimique au lithium comprenant une électrode positive à base d'un phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4562691A1 true EP4562691A1 (fr) | 2025-06-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23736769.3A Pending EP4562691A1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-11 | Elément électrochimique au lithium comprenant une électrode positive à base d'un phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260045544A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4562691A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119731799A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138568A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024022807A1 (fr) |
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| FR3163774A1 (fr) * | 2024-06-20 | 2025-12-26 | Saft | Element lithium-ion avec reserve d’energie |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050271939A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-08 | Yang Xu | Novel polymer electrolyte for electrochemical power sources |
| CN103474697B (zh) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-09-07 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 一种凝胶聚合物锂离子电池 |
| US10355309B2 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2019-07-16 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Gel polymer electrolyte and electrochemical device including the same |
| CN114597346B (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2024-10-18 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 电化学电池的厚电极 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-29 FR FR2207830A patent/FR3138568A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-11 CN CN202380056477.9A patent/CN119731799A/zh active Pending
- 2023-07-11 WO PCT/EP2023/069192 patent/WO2024022807A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-11 EP EP23736769.3A patent/EP4562691A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-11 US US18/998,699 patent/US20260045544A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3138568A1 (fr) | 2024-02-02 |
| US20260045544A1 (en) | 2026-02-12 |
| CN119731799A (zh) | 2025-03-28 |
| WO2024022807A1 (fr) | 2024-02-01 |
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