EP4532425A1 - Matière active positive pour élément électrochimique lithium-ion - Google Patents
Matière active positive pour élément électrochimique lithium-ionInfo
- Publication number
- EP4532425A1 EP4532425A1 EP23727356.0A EP23727356A EP4532425A1 EP 4532425 A1 EP4532425 A1 EP 4532425A1 EP 23727356 A EP23727356 A EP 23727356A EP 4532425 A1 EP4532425 A1 EP 4532425A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- carbon
- active material
- composition according
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/20—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G45/22—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of active materials for positive electrodes (cathodes) of electrochemical elements of the lithium-ion type, as well as to the field of processes for preparing such active materials.
- Lithium-ion electrochemical elements constitute promising energy storage devices due to their high mass and volume capacity.
- the growing demand for high-performance lithium-ion electrochemical elements has led to the search for positive active materials with high mass capacity.
- lithiated oxides of transition metals such as LCOO2
- transition metal lithiated oxides are those incorporating Co, Mn and Ni. They are called lamellar because they are made up of a stack of sheets of formula MO2, where M designates one or more transition elements. Each sheet is made up of the association of MOe octahedrons sharing their edges.
- each octahedron is occupied by a transition element M and the six vertices of the octahedron are occupied by an oxygen atom.
- the lithium is interposed between the MO2 sheets.
- the structure of a lamellar oxide is shown in Figure 1. This figure shows MO2 sheets oriented parallel to each other. The space between two sheets is occupied by lithium atoms arranged in a sheet. During the charging of the electrochemical element, the lithium atoms are detached from the MO2 sheets. During the discharge of the element, they reinsert themselves between the MO2 sheets.
- the lithium atoms When inserted between the sheets, the lithium atoms occupy the octahedral LiO6 sites, the center of each octahedron being occupied by a lithium atom and the six vertices of the octahedron being occupied by an oxygen atom common to the sheets of MOe octahedra. Lithium atoms and transition metal atoms occupy the same positions within the crystal lattice.
- the lamellar oxides of transition metals therefore have a crystallographic structure in which the oxygen atoms form a first face-centered cubic lattice and in which the lithium and transition metal atoms form a second face-centered cubic lattice, the atoms of transition elements and Lithium atoms are distributed by forming sheets along planes parallel to each other.
- lithiated oxides of transition metals having a disordered crystalline structure have proven promising as positive active materials.
- the lithium atoms and the transition metal atoms are no longer arranged in parallel sheets as in Figure 1 but occupy random positions within a crystal lattice made up of the oxygen atoms and possibly of fluorine in the event of a partial substitution of oxygen atoms by fluorine atoms.
- This disordered structure is illustrated in Figure 2.
- Oxygen atoms always occupy the vertices of octahedra. Some oxygen atoms have been substituted with fluorine.
- Lithium atoms and transition metal atoms are no longer organized in parallel sheets but occupy random positions.
- the disordered crystal structure limits the diffusion of lithium ions during their intercalation/deintercalation in the active material. However, this drop in diffusion is compensated by the presence of an excess of lithium compared to the quantity of transition metals.
- These oxides have the formula Li1 +x M1.xO2-yF y where M designates at least one transition metal with x>0 and y>0.
- These materials constitute the family of materials with a disordered or disorganized structure, also called in English “Disordered RockSalts” and abbreviated DRS.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical element comprising:
- the subject of the invention is a process for preparing an electrode comprising the steps of: a) providing the compound of formula (I); b) coating the compound with carbon; c) dissolution or dispersion of at least one binder in a solvent; d) dispersion of the compound of formula (I) coated with carbon obtained in step b) in the solution or dispersion obtained in step c) to obtain an ink; e) depositing the ink on at least one face of a metal strip to obtain an electrode; f) drying of the electrode.
- the solvent of step c) is chosen from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water and isobutyl isobutyrate.
- the process does not include the addition of an electronic conductive compound other than carbon in step b) of the process.
- FIG.1 represents the structure of a lamellar lithiated oxide.
- FIG.2 represents the structure of a disordered lithiated oxide from the DRS family.
- FIG.3 schematically represents a particle of the compound of formula (I) whose total surface is coated with carbon.
- FIG.4 represents the variation of the voltage during the first cycle of formation of an element comprising a positive electrode comprising the compound Li2MnC>2F whose particles are coated with carbon and a negative electrode made of metallic lithium.
- the formation cycle occurs at the rate of C/20 and D/20 at room temperature between voltages of 2 and 4.8 V.
- FIG.5 represents the variation in the discharged capacity during the cycling of an element comprising a positive electrode comprising the compound Li2MnC>2F whose particles are coated with carbon and a negative electrode made of metallic lithium. Cycling is carried out with discharges at a rate of C/20 at room temperature between voltages of 2 and 4.8 V. Description of embodiments of the invention
- the compound of the DRS family has the formula (I)
- A is chosen from Li and Na, preferably Li, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33 a > 0 b > 0 a + b ⁇ 1 - x 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.67
- M represents at least one electrochemically active chemical element chosen from V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ru;
- M’ represents one or more optional chemical elements, non-electrochemically active, chosen from Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Sn, Si, Al and Zn.
- M represents a single element chosen from V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ru and M' represents a single element chosen from Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W , Sn, Si, Al and Zn.
- Mn or Fe can be present mainly in M, that is to say that the atoms of Mn or Fe represent at least 50% of the atoms of all the chemical elements present in M.
- Mn and Fe can together be present predominantly in M, that is to say that the sum of the Mn and Fe atoms represents at least 50% of the atoms of all the chemical elements present in M.
- Ax(total) is the number of electrons exchanged by M, defined by the relation:
- Xi is the stoichiometric index of element i, the sum of X for i ranging from 1 to n being equal to the value of parameter “a”;
- the first charge capacity of this compound is approximately 0.250 Ah/g, therefore less than 0.298 Ah/g.
- the invention excludes the mixture of carbon particles distinct from the compound particles of formula (I).
- the rate of coverage of the surface of the particles by carbon can be at least 90% or at least 95%.
- the carbon coating coats the entire surface of the particles of compound of formula (I).
- Figure 3 schematically represents a particle (1) of compound of formula (I) whose surface is completely covered with a carbon coating (2).
- the recovery rate can be estimated by scanning electron microscopy.
- An order of magnitude of the rate of coverage of the surface of the compound by carbon can also be obtained by first establishing a relationship between the rate of coverage and the speed at which the pH of a solution containing the coated compound of carbon varies. In fact, the compound reacts with water even more slowly as the rate of coverage of the surface of the compound by carbon is high. We can therefore relate the speed of variation of pH to the recovery rate.
- the active material composition may contain one or more active materials other than the compound of formula (I).
- the coating of the compound of formula (I) can be carried out using the five techniques following data on a non-limiting basis.
- a first technique consists of coating the compound of formula (I) with a carbon compound then reducing the carbon compound.
- the carbon compound before reduction may be an organic compound containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, for example sucrose or glucose.
- the reduction can be carried out under a reducing gas atmosphere such as a mixture of Ar/h or pure H2.
- a second technique consists of preparing a mixture of carbon and a solvent and evaporating the solvent.
- the heat treatment for the evaporation of the solvent could be carried out under a neutral (Ar, N2) or reducing (Ar/H2 or H 2 ) atmosphere.
- the initial coating can be carried out by a sol-gel technique, by evaporation of a solution containing carbon and whose solvent would be a carbonate, an alcohol, a ketone, an ether, an ester .
- a third technique consists of carrying out physical vapor deposition (“Physical Vapor Deposition” PVD in English).
- the target used may consist of carbon.
- a fourth technique similar to the PVD technique uses carbon vaporization.
- a fifth technique consists of producing a coating by attrition.
- the coating is done by grinding a carbon powder and the compound of formula (I) to be coated under an inert atmosphere.
- the friction of the particles of the compound with the carbon creates adhesion of the carbon to the surface of the compound.
- the mill used may be a planetary mill. Low rotation speeds of the mill and short grinding times are favored in order to promote the formation of the coating by attrition. Grinding time generally ranges from 1 to 4 hours. A longer grinding time may lead to the formation of a composite of carbon and compound, which is undesirable.
- the chosen rotation speed is generally in the range from 200 to 500 rpm, preferably from 300 to 400 rpm. A higher grinding speed can also promote the formation of an unwanted carbon-compound composite. Grinding can be carried out at room temperature. It is not necessary to apply heat treatment to the mixture resulting from grinding.
- the compound of formula (I) coated with carbon is used in the formulation of an ink for the positive electrode of a lithium-ion electrochemical element.
- An advantage of the invention is that it is not necessary to incorporate an electronic conductive compound into the ink because it is already present in the form of the carbon coating.
- the mass of carbon generally represents at most 15%, typically 0.5 at 5% of the sum of the mass of the compound of formula (I) and the mass of carbon.
- An ink is prepared by mixing at least one binder, at least one compound of formula (I) covered with carbon and at least one solvent.
- Said at least one binder may be chosen from: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its copolymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl)- or (butyl) methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(vinyl formai), a polyester, block polyetheramides, acrylic acid polymers, methacrylic acid, an acrylamide, itaconic acid, sulfonic acid, an elastomer and cellulose compounds.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PVC poly(methyl)- or (butyl) me
- the elastomer(s) may be chosen from styrene-butadiene (SBR), butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (HNBR).
- SBR styrene-butadiene
- NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber
- HNBR hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber
- the binder is a mixture of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- an organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- Said at least one solvent can be chosen from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water and isobutyl isobutyrate.
- the ink is formulated so that once dried, it includes:
- the ink is deposited on a current collector which can be a sheet of aluminum or stainless steel.
- the ink solvent is evaporated, for example, by passing the electrode through an oven.
- the thickness and porosity of the electrode can finally be adjusted by passing it between two rollers exerting strong pressure. We thus obtain a positive electrode.
- the active material of the negative electrode is not specifically limited. It can be chosen from: a) lithium and lithium alloys; b) compounds capable of inserting lithium into their structure, such as: i) carbon, graphite, coke, carbon black and glassy carbon; ii) tin, silicon, carbon and silicon compounds, carbon and tin compounds and carbon, tin and silicon compounds; iii) lithiated titanium oxides such as Li4Ti50i2; iv) titanium and niobium oxides such as TiNb2O?.
- the electrochemical beam is impregnated with at least one organic solvent chosen from the group consisting of saturated cyclic carbonates, unsaturated cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, alkyl esters, such as formates, acetates, propionates or butyrates, ethers, lactones such as gamma-butyrolactone, tetrahydrothiofen dioxide, nitrile solvents, and mixtures thereof.
- saturated cyclic carbonates mention may be made of ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC) and mixtures thereof.
- the format of the element can be of any type, for example cylindrical, button or pocket.
- the manufactured element can be a primary or secondary element, preferably secondary. It can be used in applications using high power currents.
- the compound of formula Li2MnCO2F was synthesized.
- the entire surface of the particles was coated with amorphous carbon.
- the carbon coating was produced by attrition by grinding the compound with the carbon for a period of 2 hours in a planetary mill at a speed of approximately 300 rpm under an inert atmosphere.
- the particles of this compound were mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone without observing the gelation phenomenon.
- the presence of the carbon coating does not harm the electrical performance of the element.
- the first cycle loaded and unloaded capacities are satisfactory. They are respectively 280 mAh/g and 250 mAh/g as shown in Figure 4.
- the cycling performance at room temperature at a regime of C/20 is also satisfactory as shown in Figure 5.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2205057A FR3136118A1 (fr) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Matière active positive pour élément électrochimique lithium-ion |
| PCT/EP2023/063243 WO2023227439A1 (fr) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-17 | Matière active positive pour élément électrochimique lithium-ion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4532425A1 true EP4532425A1 (fr) | 2025-04-09 |
Family
ID=83594355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23727356.0A Pending EP4532425A1 (fr) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-17 | Matière active positive pour élément électrochimique lithium-ion |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4532425A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3136118A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023227439A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019230149A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et batterie comprenant ce dernier |
-
2022
- 2022-05-25 FR FR2205057A patent/FR3136118A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-05-17 WO PCT/EP2023/063243 patent/WO2023227439A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-17 EP EP23727356.0A patent/EP4532425A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023227439A1 (fr) | 2023-11-30 |
| FR3136118A1 (fr) | 2023-12-01 |
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