EP4526745A1 - Verfahren zum steuern der bewegung einer antriebsachse einer antriebseinheit - Google Patents
Verfahren zum steuern der bewegung einer antriebsachse einer antriebseinheitInfo
- Publication number
- EP4526745A1 EP4526745A1 EP23764324.2A EP23764324A EP4526745A1 EP 4526745 A1 EP4526745 A1 EP 4526745A1 EP 23764324 A EP23764324 A EP 23764324A EP 4526745 A1 EP4526745 A1 EP 4526745A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- movement
- acceleration
- target
- profile
- control time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/06—Linear motors
- H02P25/064—Linear motors of the synchronous type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G54/00—Non-mechanical conveyors not otherwise provided for
- B65G54/02—Non-mechanical conveyors not otherwise provided for electrostatic, electric, or magnetic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41087—Determine switch point
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41408—Control of jerk, change of acceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
- G05B2219/43065—Limitation of jerk
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49202—For point to point positioning
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for regulating the movement of a drive axle of a drive, wherein the movement of the drive axle is regulated in predetermined control time steps by specifying a movement setpoint of the movement, which results in a movement phase of the movement of the drive axle in each control time step, for the movement a target movement phase is specified for the drive axis in the form of a target position, target speed and target acceleration and the target movement phase is set based on a start movement phase in the form of a start position, start speed and start acceleration by a movement profile in compliance with predetermined movement limitations, and in each control time step the movement setpoint from the movement profile is received.
- a drive axle essentially consists of a drive unit, such as an electric motor, which acts on a moving drive part of the drive in order to move the moving drive part translationally or rotationally in the desired manner.
- a drive axle usually causes movement in one direction.
- several drive axes can be provided in order to move the moving part in several directions. Examples of applications in which drive axes occur are cranes, robots, conveyors, machine tools, linear drives, etc., although this list is of course not restrictive.
- a long stator linear motor essentially consists of a long stator in the form of a plurality of magnetic field generating units arranged next to one another, such as drive coils or movable magnets, and a plurality of transport units with excitation magnets (for example permanent magnets, electromagnets or short-circuit windings), which are moved along the long stator by the magnetic field generating units moving electromagnetic field is generated, which interacts with the excitation magnets on the transport units to move the transport units.
- the drive coils can be subjected to an electrical current in order to generate a moving electromagnetic field.
- the long stator thus forms a conveyor path along which the transport units can be moved. This makes it possible to regulate the movement (position, speed, acceleration) of each transport unit individually and independently of one another.
- each magnetic field generation unit is controlled by an assigned drive controller, which sets specifications for the movement of a Transport unit (e.g. in the form of setpoints for position or speed) can receive from a higher-level system control unit.
- a long stator linear motor can be designed with one drive axis or with several drive axes. In the latter case, one often speaks of planar motors.
- the magnetic field generation units are arranged in one plane, which forms a planar conveyor path in which a transport unit can be moved in two directions.
- the transport unit can also be moved normally to the planar conveyor path, at least within certain limits, which represents another drive axis.
- Such long stator linear motors are well known.
- a target movement phase is often specified for a drive axis, which is to be approached by the moving drive part, for example a specific target position on a long stator linear motor, which is to be reached by the moving drive part with a specific target speed and/or target acceleration.
- a movement phase is understood to mean the state of movement of the moving drive part of the drive axle at a specific point in time of the movement, i.e. position, speed, acceleration.
- the drive part must therefore be regulated by specifying movement setpoints so that this target movement phase is achieved starting from a start movement phase. It is often required that a target position is approached as precisely as possible and that the moving drive part stands still in the target position, i.e. the speed and acceleration in the target position are zero.
- the movement setpoints are usually specified in the form of a movement profile of a movement variable, for example in the form of a speed profile or a position profile, which the moving drive part should follow in order to achieve the target movement phase.
- the respective movement setpoint to be specified at the current time of the drive control is then determined at each time of the movement, for example a specific speed setpoint or position setpoint, which is to be adjusted with the drive controller at the current time. Due to the drive control, a current movement phase occurs at any time.
- jerk When creating a movement profile, known movement restrictions are usually taken into account, for example a maximum speed or a maximum acceleration.
- Limits for the jerk which is defined as the time derivative of the acceleration, are often specified as a movement restriction for the movement of a drive axle in order to reduce the mechanical load on the drive axle due to large changes in acceleration.
- so-called jerk filters are often used, which limit the change in acceleration (i.e. the jerk).
- Such jerk filters are often designed as low-pass filters or as average filters.
- a movement profile for example a position profile or a speed profile, is created, which is then adjusted in the jerk filter in order to achieve the jerk limitation.
- jerk filters require a lot of storage space because many values of past movement setpoints have to be saved for averaging.
- a jerk filter is always dependent on the past because a jerk filter also processes past values. This also results in a dead time for a jerk filter because there must first be sufficient past values before the jerk filter works properly. It also follows that a movement profile cannot be easily switched, for example by specifying a new target movement phase.
- drive axis control is carried out discretely, i.e. a new movement setpoint is specified in certain predetermined control time steps, from which the drive axis controller calculates a manipulated variable for the drive unit of the drive axle in each control time step, with which the drive unit is controlled, to set the current motion setpoint.
- a manipulated variable is, for example, an electrical current or an electrical voltage that is to be set on the drive coils of a long-stator linear motor, or an electrical current of an electric motor.
- the movement setpoint can only change at the discrete times specified by the control time step. For example, if the movement setpoint is a speed, this would lead to a step function of the speed profile with speed jumps. These jumps in speed cause large jumps in the acceleration and with it a big jolt. This in turn makes it necessary to use a jerk filter to eliminate these jump points, which, however, is again associated with the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the movement profile consists of a start movement profile and a target movement profile, the start movement profile starting at the start movement phase and transitioning into the target movement profile, which starts in an initial movement phase and ends in the target movement phase.
- the starting movement profile is arbitrary and can be assumed to be known or specified.
- the target movement profile is determined with an acceleration profile over a plurality of control time steps, with an acceleration change in each control time step corresponding to a maximum of a predetermined maximum jerk, so that the acceleration profile of the target movement profile is present as a step function in which the acceleration profile is a temporally discrete sequence of acceleration values at the control time steps k .
- the possible change in acceleration is between zero and the specified maximum jerk.
- the stair function is created in compliance with the specified movement limitations, so that the area below the stair function corresponds to a change in speed between the initial speed of the initial movement phase and the target speed of the target movement phase.
- the target movement profile ensures that a target movement phase is achieved from an initial movement phase while maintaining the jerk limitation.
- the target movement profile is advantageously created by reducing or increasing the acceleration starting from the initial acceleration in a first acceleration section in a plurality of control time steps by a maximum of the predetermined maximum jerk and then the acceleration in a second acceleration section in a plurality of control time steps by a maximum of the predetermined maximum shock is increased or reduced until the target acceleration is reached.
- the acceleration in a third acceleration section for a number of control time steps is maintained at the minimum acceleration or maximum acceleration and then the acceleration in a second acceleration section is increased or reduced by a maximum of the predetermined maximum jerk in a plurality of control time steps until the target acceleration is reached.
- a change in acceleration in a control time step of the target movement profile corresponds to a predetermined maximum jerk
- the predetermined movement limitations allow this, so that the area below the step function corresponds to the change in speed except for a residual error between the initial speed of the initial movement phase and the target speed of the target movement phase
- the change in acceleration in at least a control time step of the target movement profile is changed by a value of the jerk, the value of the jerk being determined in order to compensate for the residual error resulting from the step function between the area below the step function and the change in speed, on the one hand the fastest possible approach to the target movement phase with a jerk-limited movement reached.
- the target speed is reached exactly.
- a position error resulting from the step function between the target position and a position resulting from the target movement profile is compensated for by changing the acceleration change in the acceleration profile at a plurality of control time steps in order to extend the target path by the position error or shortened, whereby the area below the acceleration profile remains unchanged.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 show advantageous embodiments of the invention by way of example, schematically and non-restrictively. This shows
- Fig.3 shows a jerk-limited target movement profile to compensate for a position error
- Fig.4 shows a jerk-limited target movement profile with an initial acceleration and equals zero
- Fig.5 shows a drive axle in the form of a long stator linear motor
- Fig.6 shows a transport unit network with coupled transport units.
- Fig.1 shows a drive axle 1 with a drive unit 2, which acts on a moving drive part 3 in order to move it.
- a movement phase (p, v, a) is thus established on the moving drive part 3, where p stands for the position, v for the speed and a for the acceleration.
- the position can be an angle or a distance. Consequently, the velocity can be angular velocity or linear velocity and the acceleration can be angular acceleration or linear acceleration.
- the movement phase (p, v, a) should be regulated by a drive axis controller 4.
- the drive axis controller 4 determines a manipulated variable SS, with which the drive unit 2 is controlled in order to set a predetermined movement setpoint BS, for example a target position of the moving drive part 3.
- the drive axle controller 4 usually also processes an actual movement value IS, for example an actual position, which is detected in the drive axle 1, for example using a measuring sensor.
- This general structure of a drive axle 1 is well known and does not need to be explained in
- the moving drive part 3 is part of several drive axes 1 and can therefore be moved in different directions, for example a transport unit in a planar motor.
- the drive axis controller 4 can then regulate the movement of several drive axes 1, or one drive axis controller 4 can be provided for each movement.
- a movement setpoint BSj is specified and, if necessary, an actual movement value IS; detected, from which the drive axis controller 4 produces a manipulated variable SS; determined.
- the drive unit 2 is operated with this manipulated variable SS; controlled and thus acts on the moving drive part 3, so that a new actual movement value ISj+i is established. This is repeated cyclically until the target movement phase is reached.
- the time interval t a is typically in the 100 ps range to 100 ms range, usually in the millisecond range.
- the drive axis controller 4 is usually microprocessor-based hardware on which control software is executed.
- the drive axis controller 4 can also be implemented as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- the movement setpoint BSj for each control time step k is provided by a movement profile 5 of a movement variable of the movement phase, for example position, speed or acceleration.
- the movement profile 5 is essentially a sequence of values of the movement variable for each control time step k.
- the movement profile 5 is, for example, a position profile with the position as a movement variable or a speed profile with the speed as a movement variable.
- the movement profile 5 serves to convert a predetermined starting movement phase (ps, vs, as) of the moving drive part 3 into a desired target movement phase (pz, vz, az) through a specific movement. For each control time step during this movement, a movement phase (position, speed, acceleration) of the moving drive part 3 is established.
- the target speed vz and the target acceleration az are often equal to zero, which means that a specific target position pz is approached, at which the moving drive part 3 should stand still. Of course, it is also possible to provide a target speed vz and/or target acceleration az that is not equal to zero.
- the movement profile 5 must be known for controlling the movement of the drive axle 1, specifically the moving drive part 3 of the drive axle 1.
- certain boundary conditions must also be adhered to, in particular predetermined movement limitations of a movement quantity.
- the maximum possible positive and negative acceleration a ma x, a m in and a maximum possible positive speed v ma x, possibly also a minimum positive/negative speed and/or a negative maximum speed -v ma x, of the moving drive part 3 as Movement restrictions provided.
- Such movement limitations can result from physical limitations of the drive axle 1 or from an application of the drive axle 1, but are in any case known.
- the jerk j (as a time derivative of the acceleration) in both directions, i.e.
- j ma x is used for both the positive and negative permissible jerk, whereby the value for the positive and negative permissible jerk jmax does not necessarily have to be the same.
- the change in acceleration between two successive control time steps k, k+1 is therefore limited by the maximum jerk j ma x and cannot be greater than the maximum jerk j ma x.
- a positive acceleration is understood to be an acceleration that increases the speed of the moving drive part 3 and a negative acceleration is an acceleration that reduces the speed of the moving drive part 3.
- the invention assumes that there is an arbitrary starting movement phase (ps, vs, as) of the drive axle 1, which is to be converted into a predetermined target movement phase (pz, vz, az) by the drive axle controller 4 with a movement profile 5.
- the target movement phase (pz, vz, az) cannot be reached by any movement phase that occurs between the start movement phase (ps, vs, as) and the target movement phase (pz, vz, az).
- a target movement profile 5b is therefore determined, with which it is ensured that the target movement phase (pz, vz, az) starts from an initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A) between the start movement phase (ps, vs, as) and target movement phase (pz, vz , az) is achieved.
- the movement profile 5 therefore consists of a starting movement profile 5a, which is followed by the target movement profile 5b.
- the starting movement profile 5a can be arbitrary and can be assumed to be predetermined. This is shown as an example in Fig.2.
- the acceleration value a can only change in each control time step k (at predetermined time intervals t a ) of the movement profile 5.
- the acceleration profile is chosen for motion planning because it allows the jerk j to be easily limited.
- the change in acceleration between two successive control time steps k, k+1 may not exceed a predetermined maximum jerk j ma x, which means that the jerk limitation is already implemented.
- the acceleration profile is a discrete time sequence of acceleration values at the control time steps k, where the change in acceleration between two successive control time steps k, k+1 is at most a predetermined maximum jerk j ma x.
- the movement profile 5 for regulating the movement is determined with an acceleration profile.
- the acceleration profile results in a speed profile (discrete sequence of speed values in each control time step k) through temporal integration and a position profile (discrete sequence of position values in each control time step k) through double integration.
- the movement size of the movement profile 5 can therefore be position, speed or acceleration.
- the acceleration profile is used as the movement profile 5 only for the sake of simplicity.
- Fig. 2 shows the movement profile 5 with an arbitrary, known starting movement profile 5a (dash-dotted line, with the starting movement phase (ps, vs, as) being indicated) and a target movement profile 5b.
- the target movement phase (pz, vz, az) is given by a target position pz in which the target speed vz and the target acceleration az should be zero.
- the target movement profile 5b describes a deceleration of the moving drive part 3 (i.e. negative accelerations), but the target movement profile 5b can also include positive accelerations.
- the target movement profile 5b is preferably designed to reach the target movement phase (pz, vz, az) as quickly as possible starting from an initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A), so that the target movement profile 5b can be started as late as possible.
- the acceleration changes in the target movement profile 5b should correspond as far as possible to the maximum jerk j ma x.
- the target movement profile 5b can also correspond to other specifications, for example other movement limitations, acceleration changes only every nth (n>1) control time step k, etc.
- the initial position PA should be changed to the target position pz
- the initial speed VA should be changed to the target speed vz
- the initial acceleration 3A should be changed to the target acceleration az - so when the target movement profile 5b is executed with the drive axis controller 4, the target movement phase (pz, vz , az). Since the starting movement phase (PA, VA, 3A) and also the starting movement profile 5a can be arbitrary and the specified movement limits must be adhered to, the target movement profile 5b must be determined in order to adapt the initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A) to the target movement phase (pz, vz, az).
- Fig.2 shows the acceleration profile of the target movement profile 5b.
- the resulting speed and position curves are known to be the time integrals of the acceleration profile and are not shown in Fig.2.
- the speed of the moving drive part 3 must be changed to the target speed vz by acceleration specifications in a number of control time steps k, whereby in each control time step k the change in acceleration may correspond to a maximum of the specified maximum jerk j ma x in order to comply with the jerk limitation.
- the moving drive part 3 is first to be decelerated, which takes place in a number of control time steps k.
- the acceleration a decreases in each control time step k, whereby the change in acceleration in each control time step k corresponds at most to the predetermined maximum jerk jmax until the predetermined minimum acceleration a m in is reached.
- the acceleration cannot be smaller than the minimum acceleration a m in, which means there can be a number of control time steps k in which further deceleration occurs with the minimum acceleration a m in (as in Fig. 2). It may therefore also be the case that the minimum acceleration a m in is not reached at all. This achieves a maximum possible (i.e. shortest possible) deceleration of the moving drive part 3 while maintaining the jerk limitation.
- the acceleration a is increased or reduced in a plurality of control time steps k, the change in acceleration corresponding at most to the predetermined maximum jerk jmax until the target acceleration az is reached.
- a triangular step function would result as an acceleration profile.
- a third acceleration section 7c can arise between the first acceleration section 7a and the second acceleration section 7b, in which the predetermined minimum acceleration a m in or maximum acceleration a ma x is achieved and this is maintained for a number of control time steps k.
- a trapezoidal step function results as an acceleration profile.
- the remaining step R2 can be determined analogously.
- the number i of control time steps k in the first acceleration section 7a and in the second acceleration section 7b can thus be easily determined.
- the area under the acceleration profile corresponds to the speed.
- the area under the acceleration profile corresponds to the change in speed Av from the initial speed VA to the target speed vz, i.e. in the described exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 the speed reduction achieved.
- the area under the acceleration profile must therefore correspond to the change in speed Av so that the specified target speed vz is achieved. This gives you a first criterion for planning the target movement profile 5b to achieve the target speed vz.
- the area can be influenced primarily by changing the number of control time steps k with minimum acceleration a m in or maximum acceleration a ma x (third acceleration section 7c). The more control time steps k with minimum acceleration a m in or maximum acceleration a ma x, the larger the area becomes and the greater the speed change Av achieved with the target movement profile 5b. If the minimum acceleration a m in is not reached, the area can simply be influenced by the number of steps with the maximum jerkj ma x. The area can also be influenced by choosing the acceleration changes in a number of control time steps k. In principle, the change in acceleration can be freely selected between zero and the specified maximum jerk j ma x.
- the resulting area under the acceleration profile does not correspond exactly to the desired speed change Av, but that a certain error occurs and the target speed vz is not exactly achieved. This will occur in particular if all acceleration changes occur with the specified maximum jerk j ma x. This error results directly as the difference between the determined area and the desired change in speed Av and can therefore be easily determined.
- the change in acceleration is changed by a value Aj in at least one control time step k of the target movement profile 5b, so that the area under the acceleration profile corresponds to the desired change in speed Av.
- the specified movement limits must of course be adhered to, in particular the specified maximum jerk max and the maximum acceleration a m in or maximum acceleration a ma x must not be violated.
- the determination of this value Aj can be carried out easily because the effects of this value on the area under the acceleration curve can be determined immediately.
- the first acceleration change after the third acceleration section 7c is not carried out with the maximum jerk jmax, but by a value smaller than the value Aj.
- the remaining acceleration changes occur again with the maximum jerk jmax. This means that the area under the acceleration profile becomes larger.
- the maximum jerk jmax is used to determine the target movement profile 5b, then it is ensured that the speed change Av takes place as quickly as possible while maintaining the movement limits, i.e. with as few control time steps k as possible.
- the target movement profile 5b determined to achieve the speed change Av is also used to determine the target path that is covered when the determined target movement profile 5b is executed, i.e. when the moving drive part 3 is moved with the target movement profile 5b. This gives you a second criterion for planning the movement to reach the target position pz.
- Determining the target path covered with the previously determined target movement profile 5b is also trivial because the target path results as a time integral of the speed profile set by the target movement profile 5b or as a double time integral of the acceleration profile of the target movement profile 5b.
- the current position of the moving drive part 3 must therefore be checked. If the current position corresponds to the difference between the target position pz and the target path, then the target movement profile 5b must be initiated so that the desired target position pz corresponds to the target movement profile. profile 5b sets. This allows the time to start the target movement profile 5b to be determined.
- the difference between the target position pz and the target path will not exactly correspond to a position that the moving drive part 3 assumes in a control time step k when implementing the movement profile 5. This means that the target movement profile 5b will be started either a little too early or too late and the target position pz will not be set exactly. If the requirements for the target position pz are not too high, this error can be accepted. However, if the target position pz is to be approached as precisely as possible, then this error can also be compensated for.
- the approach is to change the acceleration change by a value Aj in a number of control time steps k in the acceleration profile of the target movement profile 5b.
- the area under the acceleration profile must not change in order to achieve the target speed vz.
- the specified movement limits must also be adhered to, in particular the specified maximum jerk j ma x and the minimum acceleration a m in or maximum acceleration a ma x must not be violated. This is shown in an example in Fig.3.
- the goal is to use the value Aj in the number of control time steps k to achieve the same speed change Av, but with a time change, so that the target position pz is reached exactly and the error is compensated for.
- the change in speed Av due to the target movement profile 5b is thus either extended or shortened in time, as required.
- this value Aj can be carried out easily because the effects of this value on the area under the acceleration curve and on the resulting target path can be determined immediately.
- Fig.3 shows an exemplary embodiment for a position correction.
- the acceleration changes are reduced by the value Aj.
- the change in acceleration no longer corresponds to the maximum jerk j ma x.
- the other acceleration changes again occur with the maximum jerk j ma x (but could occur with a smaller acceleration change).
- the acceleration changes are also reduced by the value Aj in the first control time step k in the second acceleration section 7b in order to compensate for the smaller area. chen.
- the initial acceleration 3A can assume any value (within predetermined movement limits a ma x, a m in). This is shown as an example in Figure 4. However, this does not change the basic procedure explained above.
- the target movement profile 5b starts with an initial acceleration 3A>0 and a known initial speed VA, which occurs in the initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A).
- the target movement profile 5b is determined in the same way as explained above for FIG. 2.
- the decisive factor is therefore again the area under the entire step function starting from the initial movement phase (PA, VA, SA), which should again correspond to the change in speed Av from the initial speed VA to the target speed vz.
- the target path can be determined again, which in turn can determine when (or at which control time step k) the target movement profile 5b must start.
- the above errors in the target speed vz or in the target speed vz and the target position pz can also be compensated for immediately.
- the target movement profile 5b does not necessarily have to reduce the speed from an initial speed VA to a target speed vz (for example zero), but it could also be provided that the target movement profile 5b increases the speed.
- the target movement profile 5b could therefore also be defined in the area of positive accelerations.
- the movement phase in the next control time step k+1 is referred to as an initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A) is used and based on this a target movement profile 5b is determined, with which the speed change Av between the initial speed VA and the target speed vz is brought about.
- the target path is determined from the determined target movement profile 5b. If the target path is smaller than the difference between the target position pz and the current position in the control time step k, the target movement profile 5b is initiated in the current or at the latest in the next control time step k+1, which sets the time for starting the target movement profile 5b. Otherwise, the starting movement profile 5a continues. This represents an online determination of the target movement profile 5b.
- the target movement profile 5b only has to be calculated once for this speed as long as the acceleration remains zero because the target movement profile 5b cannot change ( at least as long as no new target movement phase (ps, vs, as) is specified).
- the starting movement profile 5a could also be planned using an acceleration profile in compliance with predetermined movement limitations, whereby the change in acceleration between two successive control time steps k, k+1 is at most a predetermined maximum jerk j ma x, with which the jerk limitation is already implemented. This can be done in such a way that changes in speed or position should be implemented as quickly as possible by the starting movement profile 5a. This means that it can again be provided to change the accelerations in the acceleration profile of the starting movement profile 5a with the predetermined maximum jerk j ma x. For movements with a constant speed, the acceleration would simply be set to zero, although any previously effective acceleration can only be reduced with the specified maximum jerk. A change in acceleration greater than the specified maximum jerkj ma x must be prevented.
- a significant advantage in determining the movement profile 5, or the target movement profile 5b of the movement profile 5, according to the invention is that no knowledge of the past is required.
- the memory requirement for determining a jerky limited movement profile 5 is therefore significantly reduced. There are also no dead times like with a jerk filter.
- a target movement profile 5b can be determined in each control time step k, starting from a current movement phase in the control time step k as the initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A).
- the target path can be determined from the target movement profile 5b. If the target path is smaller than the current distance of the moving drive part 3 to the target position pz (or if the target path is smaller than the difference between the target position pz and the current position), the target movement profile 5b must be started, which sets the time for starting the target movement profile 5b. In this case, the target position pz could be exceeded, but this can be compensated for by compensating for the resulting position error.
- the movement phase in the next control time step k+1 could then be used as the initial movement phase (PA, VA, 3A) in order to determine a target movement profile 5b and the target path based on this. If the specific target path is smaller than the current distance of the moving drive part 3 to the target position pz (or if the target path is smaller than the difference between the target position pz and the current position), the determined target movement profile 5b is initiated in the current control time step k. This ensures that the moving drive part 3 does not quite reach the target position pz. However, the resulting position error could be compensated for as described above.
- target movement phase (ps, vs, as) can be changed even while the drive axle 1 is moving.
- a changed target movement phase (ps, vs, 8s) is taken into account immediately and without a time delay (as would be the case with a jerk filter) when determining the target movement profile 5b. This makes it possible to react flexibly to new specifications of the target movement phase (ps, vs, as).
- the determination of the target movement profile 5b according to the invention also ensures a linear complexity of the calculation. If the number of control time steps increases, the complexity of the calculation increases linearly with the increase in the number of control time steps.
- the linear complexity arises in particular from the fact that the required calculations are reduced to the determination of areas below a step function and no numerical mathematical procedures or optimizations (which are usually solved iteratively) are required.
- the movement profile 5, in particular the target movement profile 5b and possibly also the start movement profile 5a, is specified by a system control 6.
- the facilities- Controller 6 is used to control a system 10 in which the drive axle 1 is implemented.
- the movement profile 5 for the drive axis 1 is created on the system control 6.
- the system control 6 is a computer with appropriate software for creating the movement profile 5.
- the drive axis controller 4 can also be integrated in the system control 6.
- the drive axle 1 can be implemented, for example, in a long stator linear motor (also as a planar motor).
- Fig. 5 shows an example of a long stator linear motor as an embodiment of a system 10.
- a long stator linear motor consists of a stator 11 on which magnetic field generating units 12, such as drive coils or movable magnets, are arranged next to one another (in Fig. 5, only some of the magnetic field generating units are shown for the sake of clarity), which create a magnetic field.
- a plurality n of transport units Tn are moved along the stator 11.
- An excitation magnet arrangement 13, such as permanent magnets, is arranged on each transport unit Tn (for clarity, the excitation magnet arrangement is only shown on the transport unit T 1 in FIG. 5).
- the movement setpoint variables BS for the drive axis controller 4 come from a movement profile 5, which specifies the movement of the transport unit Tn.
- the drive axis controller 4 receives actual variables IS of the movement of the transport unit Tn, for example actual positions on the stator 11 from position sensors (not shown). In this way, the movements of the transport units Tn on the stator 11 can be planned and carried out individually and independently of one another.
- the drive axis 1 forms a direction of movement on the stator 11.
- collision avoidance Due to the fact that the transport units Tn can be moved individually and independently of one another on the stator 11, it is already known to provide collision avoidance.
- the purpose of collision avoidance is to prevent an undesirable collision between two transport units Tn or between a transport unit Tn and another part of the system 10, such as a loading device provided on the transport system. workstation, to prevent.
- Such collision avoidance can be found, for example, in EP 3202 612 A1. In this collision avoidance, it is continuously checked whether a transport unit TN can carry out a standstill maneuver or adjustment maneuver in which the movement is changed with specified kinematics without running the risk of colliding with a transport unit in front or with a stationary part of the system 10.
- Such a standstill maneuver or adjustment maneuver thus represents a movement profile 5, which can be planned, for example, as above.
- any target movement phase (pz, vz, az) can be specified.
- a standstill maneuver or an adjustment maneuver should usually be carried out as quickly as possible, i.e. with the shortest possible target distance. For this reason, minimum accelerations a m in are also defined as a movement limit for such maneuvers in order to be able to decelerate the transport unit Tn as quickly as possible.
- the inventive determination of the target movement profile 5b without a downstream jerk filter is particularly advantageous for such standstill maneuvers or adjustment maneuvers to avoid collisions.
- the fact that no dead times (as with a jerk filter) occur when creating the target movement profile 5b makes it possible to reduce a required safety distance between adjacent transport units Tn on the stator 11. This means that transport units Tn can be moved closer together, which increases the throughput of transport units Tn per unit of time, which is particularly helpful in transport applications.
- transport units Tn also form a transport unit network 14, like the transport units T1, T2 in FIG. 5 indicated by the dashed line.
- transport unit network 14 it is not a mandatory requirement that the transport units Tn of a transport unit network 14 are directly adjacent, but other transport units can also be moved between them. Even in such a transport unit network 14, it is of course advantageous if the transport units Tn can travel closer together.
- the transport units Tn in a transport unit network 14 move in a coordinated manner with one another, which means that the movements of the transport units Tn in a transport unit network 14 are no longer independent of one another. For example, the distance between two transport units Tn of a transport unit network 14 should remain constant.
- a transport unit Tn in the transport unit network 14 could serve as a master, which has a loading path that the other transport units Tn in the transport unit network 14 follow.
- two transport units Tn in a transport unit network 14 can be mechanically coupled, as shown for example in FIG. 6, for example by a connection 15 between coupling points 16 on the transport units Tn.
- the coordinated movement could, for example, require that the distance (for example the Euclidean distance in space) between the coupling points 16 remains the same during the movement.
- the coordinated movement could also require that the force exerted by the two transport units Tn via the coupling points 16 on the connection 15 remains the same.
- a transport unit group 14 moves into a curved section of the stator 11, the movements of the transport units Tn in the transport unit group 14 continue to be coordinated. For example, the distance between two transport units Tn is still maintained. However, it may happen that compliance with coordinated movement with the specified movement limits cannot be maintained. For example, the coordinated movement could require that a transport unit Tn of the transport unit network 14 would have to brake with a greater negative acceleration than the minimum acceleration a m in or would have to accelerate with a greater acceleration than the maximum acceleration a ma x in order to maintain the coordinated movement. However, this is not possible due to the specified movement restrictions.
- the first acceleration limits and second acceleration limits may be configurable, for example by a user. However, it is also conceivable that these are set by the drive axis controller 4 or the system control 6, for example from knowledge of the application.
- a transport unit T1 of a transport unit group 14 carries out a braking maneuver with a predetermined maximum deceleration in accordance with the specifications of a movement limitation with first acceleration limitations.
- Another transport unit T2 of the transport unit network 14 must follow due to the coordinated movement. If this second transport unit were to brake only with the first acceleration limitation, it would no longer have any scope to simultaneously carry out any change in the distance between the two transport units T1, T2.
- the second transport unit T2 has this option due to the second acceleration limitation, which is greater than the first acceleration limitation.
- this approach of the second acceleration limitation for a transport unit Tn in a transport unit network 14 is independent of how the movement profile of the transport unit Tn is planned or created.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT506712022 | 2022-09-01 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/073958 WO2024047193A1 (de) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-31 | Verfahren zum steuern der bewegung einer antriebsachse einer antriebseinheit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4526745A1 true EP4526745A1 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
Family
ID=87889508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23764324.2A Pending EP4526745A1 (de) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-31 | Verfahren zum steuern der bewegung einer antriebsachse einer antriebseinheit |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250132714A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4526745A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119452322A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024047193A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT518354B1 (de) | 2016-02-02 | 2018-06-15 | B & R Ind Automation Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Fördereinrichtung in Form eines Langstatorlinearmotors |
| AT518270B1 (de) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-09-15 | Bernecker + Rainer Industrie-Elektronik Ges M B H | Verfahren zum Steuern der Bewegung einer Antriebsachse einer Antriebseinheit |
-
2023
- 2023-08-31 EP EP23764324.2A patent/EP4526745A1/de active Pending
- 2023-08-31 CN CN202380048512.2A patent/CN119452322A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-31 WO PCT/EP2023/073958 patent/WO2024047193A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2024
- 2024-12-18 US US18/985,698 patent/US20250132714A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250132714A1 (en) | 2025-04-24 |
| WO2024047193A1 (de) | 2024-03-07 |
| CN119452322A (zh) | 2025-02-14 |
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