EP4523291A1 - Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnel - Google Patents
Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnelInfo
- Publication number
- EP4523291A1 EP4523291A1 EP23726366.0A EP23726366A EP4523291A1 EP 4523291 A1 EP4523291 A1 EP 4523291A1 EP 23726366 A EP23726366 A EP 23726366A EP 4523291 A1 EP4523291 A1 EP 4523291A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase shift
- elementary
- beam scanning
- scanning antenna
- antenna according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/185—Phase-shifters using a diode or a gas filled discharge tube
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
Definitions
- Two-dimensional scanning antennas are well known from the state of the art, in particular for satellite communication terminals or on-board communication systems on moving vehicles. These make it possible to dynamically control the direction of the beam (in transmission and/or reception) along two orthogonal axes and are therefore capable of scanning a predetermined solid angle.
- the first generation of two-dimensional scanning antennas uses mechanical scanning. These generally include a directional antenna (for example parabolic) mounted on a universal joint allowing it to be oriented along two axes. In addition to the fact that they do not allow rapid angular scanning, these antennas are bulky and heavy. They are difficult to integrate into vehicles and often degrade their aerodynamic behavior. Finally, the servo motors that equip them require fairly heavy maintenance and consume energy.
- a second generation of antennas uses phased array antennas and beamforming techniques allowing electronic scanning.
- These second generation antennas are compact and can fit the shape of a vehicle (conformal antennas on an aircraft for example). They allow rapid angular scanning, in the absence of any mechanical inertia.
- the large number of elementary antennas forming the network makes their electronics particularly complex and their manufacturing costly.
- Hybrid mechanical/electronic scanning antennas are also available on the market, for example using a mechanical azimuth positioner and electronic elevation scanning. However, their performance is not optimal, the mechanical pointing remains slow and their size is too large for many applications.
- Fig. AI Such an antenna has been shown schematically in Fig. AI.
- This comprises a network of continuous stubs, the stubs in question extending in a transverse direction (Oy) to a waveguide to a parallel plate waveguide or PPW guide (Parallel Plate Waveguide), 140.
- the supply of the CTS network from the waveguide is obtained by means of a tree of T-junctions whose different branches supply the stubs.
- the stubs have been represented here with zero height and are therefore reduced to transverse radiative slots 111, parallel to the axis (Oy).
- stub in a manner known per se, we designate here a part, a section of guide open in the direction orthogonal to that of propagation of the wave, allowing impedance transformations to be carried out.
- Figures IC and 1D respectively represent a section of the PPW waveguide along a plane (xy) and a plane (xz).
- a microwave source in the Ka band, 130 here an H-plane sectorial horn injects a wave into the wave guide PPW, 140.
- the sectoral horn is flared in the H plane of the guide d PPW wave in other words in the (xy) plane.
- the PPW waveguide has a “pillbox” or “U” type transition section 160, so that it is folded back on itself, said transition section ensuring the connection between a first rectilinear section 141 and a second rectilinear section 142, substantially parallel to each other.
- the sectoral horn 130 opens directly into the first rectilinear section of the PPW waveguide and the second rectilinear section of the PPW waveguide opens into the parallel power supply network 120 of the CTS network.
- the transition section has a parabolic reflector 150 in the (xy) plane as can be seen in Fig. IC.
- the focal point of the parabolic reflector is located in the center of the opening of the sector horn, which allows a quasi-planar wave to be obtained in the second section of the PPW waveguide.
- a two-dimensional electronically scanned antenna using a CTS array has been disclosed in US-B-6677899.
- the CTS network feeds in the near field a network of radiating elements reconfigurable by MEMS located above it.
- Each element includes as input a wide reception element band, at the output a wideband receiving element and a phase shift module controlled by MEMS between the input element and the output element.
- Such an antenna is, however, very complex to produce and is subject to malfunctions of MEMS devices, which are generally unreliable over time. Additionally, the alignment between the lens array and the CTS power array must be precise, otherwise insertion losses can be significant. The two networks cannot be integrated into the same monolithic structure to the extent that the reconfigurable network is produced in the form of a plurality of printed circuits or PCB (Printed Circuit Board) mounted vertically in parallel above the network. CTS power supply. Finally, beam scanning requires being able to control each MEMS device individually and therefore having a control network comprising as many lines as MEMS devices.
- PCB printed Circuit Board
- Transmitarray antennas offer a compact solution when one wishes to carry out two-dimensional electronic scanning (scanning with 2 degrees of freedom, in half-space).
- An example of creating such a transmitter network can be found in the article by AR Vilenskiy et al. entitled “Reconfigurable transmitarray with near-field coupling to gap waveguide array antenna for efficient 2-D beam steering” published in IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Flight. 68, no. 12, pp. 7854-7865.
- the two-dimensional scanning antenna here comprises a first 2D network of slot antennas illuminating in the near field a transmitting network in the form of a phase shift surface or PSS (Phase Shifting Surface).
- the first phase shift surface is a phase shift surface in reflection, adapted to receive the wave supplied by the microwave source propagating in a direction opposite to the first direction and to reflect it in the first direction after the elementary phase shift cells have applied first phase shift values to it along the second direction.
- each of the elementary cells of the first phase shift surface is a reflector cell, configured to receive the plane wave propagating in the first direction and reflect it in the opposite direction.
- each of the M cells of the first surface and each cell of the N phase shift bands of the second surface can introduce, respectively, Ki and K2 different phase shift values; the total number of diode control lines of the diodes is M log 2 K + N log 2 K 2 .
- the number of control lines therefore increases less rapidly with the radiating surface compared to an equivalent 2-D scanning antenna of the transmitter array or phased array type with NM radiating elements, which would require NM Iog2 Ki Iog2 K2 control lines or NM chains RF, respectively.
- At least one of the controllable systems includes (is based on) PIN diodes.
- PIN diodes An example of an electronically reconfigurable phase shift cell, using PIN diodes, in transmission, adapted to the second phase shift surface, is described in US patent 10,680,329 B2 by A. Clemente, L. Dussopt, L. Di Palma, entitled “Unit cell of a transmission network for a reconfigurable antenna”.
- the waveguide is preferably a parallel plate waveguide.
- the first phase shift surface is arranged on a cylindrical-parabolic structure.
- the waveguide can thus comprise in its transition section a cylindrical-parabolic structure allowing the first phase shift surface to reflect the wave supplied by the microwave source through the sectoral horn in the form of a quasi wave. -plane.
- Each elementary phase shift band can advantageously consist of a plurality P of second elementary cells, said second elementary cells of an elementary phase shift band being arranged periodically in the second direction with a pitch less than or equal to the half length of wave in free space, the same phase shift value being applied to said plurality of second elementary cells belonging to the same elementary phase shift band.
- Each first elementary cell, resp. each second elementary cell may comprise a plurality of metal layers alternating with dielectric layers as well as a plurality of PIN diodes interconnecting at least some of said different metal layers, controlled by a plurality k of control lines of the first, resp. of the second set.
- Each first elementary cell, resp. each second elementary cell can comprise a plurality of varactor diodes, controlled by at least one control line of the first, resp. second set.
- each elementary cell of the second phase shift surface (in transmission, on the stubs) is configured so as to radiate a field having a fixed circular polarization (i.e. either right circular or left circular).
- This reconfigurable cell receives and therefore transforms the linear polarization field emitted by each stub, into a field with fixed circular polarization and, at the same time, introduces into this field an electronically variable phase shift between a set of K2 different values.
- An example of producing such a cell reconfigurable in transmission using PIN diodes is described for example in the document by L.Di Palma, A.CIemente, L.Dussopt, R.Sauleau, P. Potier, and Ph.Pouliguen , “Experimental Characterization of a Circularly Polarized 1 Bit Unit Cell for Beam Steerable Transmitarrays at Ka-Band,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 2, Feb. 2019.
- each elementary cell of the second phase shift surface (in transmission, on the stubs) is configured to radiate a field having a circular polarization with a direction (right or left) electronically reconfigurable.
- a possible implementation of such a cell using PIN diodes provides for the stacking of: (i) (first section), the cell in transmission with reconfigurable phase shift described in the patent of A. Clemente, L. Dussopt, L.Di Palma, entitled “Unit cell of a transmission network for a reconfigurable antenna” (US 10680329 B2); (ii) (second section), the reconfigurable polarization converter cell described in the patent by A. Clemente entitled “Transmitarray antenna cell” (US 2023 0010547 Al).
- the two-dimensional beam scanning antenna is configured to emit two beams, of orthogonal and independently controllable polarizations, and such that each band of the second phase shift surface (in transmission, on the stubs) comprises two sets of reconfigurable phase shift cells capable of radiating fields having orthogonal polarizations.
- the cells of the first set can be configured to radiate a field in horizontal linear polarization and those of the second set to radiate a field in vertical linear polarization, respectively.
- Two beams with orthogonal polarizations can thus be formed.
- the pointing directions of these two beams can be reconfigured independently by controlling with two sets of control lines the two sets of cells in each band.
- Figs. IA at 1D already described, represent different views of a one-dimensional electronic scanning antenna known from the state of the art;
- Fig. 2 schematically represents a two-dimensional electronic scanning antenna according to an embodiment presented to help understand the invention
- Fig. 3 schematically represents the control lines of the first and second phase shift surfaces used in the antenna of FIG. 2;
- Fig. 4 schematically represents a two-dimensional electronic scanning antenna according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a PPW waveguide comprising a slow wave structure, used in a variant of the first or second embodiment of the invention.
- Figs. 6A and 6B schematically represent, respectively in perspective and in section, a reflector cell which can be used in an antenna according to the present invention.
- a two-dimensional electronically scanned antenna that is to say an antenna whose beam can be oriented according to 2 degrees of freedom.
- the beam could be oriented around two orthogonal axes, in azimuth and in elevation.
- the idea underlying the present invention is to provide a first phase shift surface comprising a first plurality, M, of elementary phase shift cells arranged periodically in the second direction and a second phase shift surface, comprising a second plurality, N, of elementary phase shift bands, each elementary phase shift band being extended in the second direction and being associated with a stub, or a slot, continuous transverse of the network and arranged directly above it.
- the first phase shift surface ensures scanning of the beam in the (xy) plane.
- the second phase shift surface ensures scanning of the beam around the second direction in the (xz) plane.
- the first phase shift surface may scan the beam in azimuth and the second phase shift surface may scan the beam in elevation.
- the waveguide is advantageously produced in the form of a parallel plate guide or PPW (Parallel Plate Waveguide), folded on itself for reasons of compactness. It comprises a first rectilinear section in a direction opposite to the first direction, a second rectilinear section, parallel to the first rectilinear section, and a U-shaped transition section, ensuring the 180° folding by connecting the first rectilinear section to the second rectilinear section.
- the transition section may include a reflector making it possible to reverse the direction of propagation between the first rectilinear section and the second rectilinear section of the waveguide.
- the waveguide 240 shown here is a parallel plate waveguide comprising a first rectilinear section 241 in which the wave injected by the sectoral horn (not shown) propagates in the direction opposite to the direction Ox, a rectilinear section 243 in which the wave propagates in the direction Ox after being reflected on the reflector 250 placed in the transition section, 242, of the guide.
- the reflector 250 preferably has a cylindrical-parabolic reflecting surface whose focal line is vertical, so that the injected wave in the first part of the guide, with a cylindrical wavefront, is reflected in the form of a plane wave propagating in the second rectilinear section of the waveguide.
- the primary source is an array of antennas, for example horn antennas fed in parallel, which radiates a quasi-plane wave in the first part of the guide.
- the reflecting surface of the U-shaped transition is preferably planar.
- the reflected plane wave propagates in the first direction and is phase shifted by crossing a first phase shift surface 210.
- This first phase shift surface comprises a first plurality, M, of elementary phase shift cells, 211, arranged periodically in the second direction (y) with a step less than or equal to half a wavelength, ⁇ o /2, where ⁇ o is the propagation wavelength in vacuum.
- the plane wave thus shifted out of phase then propagates in the direction (Ox) in the second rectilinear section, 243, of the waveguide 240. It is distributed, via a network of stubs, to a second phase shift surface 220.
- the second phase shift surface comprises a second plurality, N, of elementary phase shift bands, each elementary phase shift band being associated with a continuous transverse stub 230 and arranged directly on the latter.
- the stubs at least partially project out of the upper plane of the PPW guide, their open ends facing in the Oz direction.
- the continuous transverse stubs extend in the second direction (Oy), also called transverse direction.
- the stubs may have zero height (the height being the height of the part of the stub which protrudes in relation to the surrounding surface; in this variant, the radiating elements are therefore comparable to radiating slots (The term “stub » including in fact the particular case of a radiating slit).
- the stubs are arranged periodically in the first direction with, preferably, a pitch substantially equal to the wavelength guided in the waveguide, i.e. X g .
- k Q — is the wave number in vacuum of the wave emitted by the microwave source
- k gx is the propagation constant along the x axis of the fundamental mode guided by the guide wave
- d x is the pitch between the elementary phase shift bands of the second surface
- d y is the pitch between the elementary cells phase shift of the first surface.
- each (first or second) elementary cell, or even elementary phase shift band can be made from a succession of metal layers alternating with dielectric layers.
- One or more metallic layers comprise(s) one or more electronic switches, for example PIN diodes, making it possible to vary the frequency response, in particular the phase of the transmission and/or reflection coefficient of the elementary cell among a set of discrete values.
- each (first or second) elementary cell, or even each elementary phase shift band can be produced by means of a variable capacitance of the varactor type.
- This second variant has the advantage of being able to carry out a continuous variation of the phase shift, whereas the first variant only allows switching between discrete values.
- An important advantage of the present invention is to require only a small number of phase shift control lines and therefore to simplify the control electronics.
- 2D electronic scanning antennas of the transmitter array type require at least as many control lines as cells, i.e. N x M for a matrix of M rows and N columns.
- N x M for a matrix of M rows and N columns.
- Fig. 3 schematically represents the control lines of the different elementary cells/bands of the first surface and the second phase shift surface.
- each elementary cell of the first surface and/or each elementary strip of the second surface is controlled using a single control line.
- the elementary cells/bands are made from varactors and each control line analogically controls the capacitance of the associated varactor.
- the number of control lines per elementary cell/band could be equal to log 2 K.
- the elementary cells/bands will be able to apply attenuation in addition to a phase shift, so as to be able to apodize the beam and reduce the secondary lobes.
- these attenuation coefficients can take L discrete values, the number of control lines per elementary cell/band then increases to log 2 K + log 2 L, which leads to a total number of control lines equal to (log 2 K + log 2 L) N + M).
- the attenuation coefficients can be chosen fixed (fixed apodization) and in this case the number of control lines is only (N + M) log 2 L.
- This embodiment differs from the first in that the first phase shift surface, 410, no longer operates in transmission but in reflection.
- This configuration makes it possible to separate by a ground plane the RF elements of each cell from the surface and the structures necessary for the polarization of the reconfigurable electronic devices. In fact, these structures can be arranged outside the guide, which facilitates the interconnection of the reflective surface (the first phase shift surface) with its control circuits.
- Elements bearing the reference signs 420-442 are functionally similar to elements 220-242.
- the reference 441 designates the lower PPW waveguide 441 and the reference 442 the upper PPW waveguide.
- Fig.6 an exemplary embodiment for creating a 1-bit reflector cell (2 phase shift values in reflection, with a difference of n) is illustrated in Fig.6.
- the reflector cell has a structure similar to that presented in the document by S. Gharbieh et al. Cited above .
- the reflector cell comprises a patch type antenna with an opening in the middle on which two PIN diodes, DI and D2, are assembled.
- the two diodes are in antiparallel configuration: the cathode of DI and the anode of D2 are in DC at the same potential, since they are physically connected to a metal pad in the middle of the opening.
- This pellet is connected through a via SV ('shorting via' in English) to a ground plane PM, located under the antenna.
- the DI diode can turn on and off a 90° RPh phase delay line, connected by V vias to the patch antenna and made using an intermediate metal layer between the patch antenna and the ground plane.
- the DC bias signal from the diodes is applied to a layer below the ground plane.
- a BT structure ('bias tee' in English) to decouple the DC signal and the RF signals is also produced.
- the DC signal is connected to the patch by through-hole vias.
- the control lines and the patch antenna are made on opposite sides relative to the ground plane and therefore do not do not influence each other appreciably: the control lines do not appreciably disrupt the RF behavior of the patch antenna and the cell.
- the position of the control lines below the ground plane facilitates their interconnection with the electronic cards which generate and control the control signals.
- the delay line is deactivated.
- the reflected wave is phase shifted by a value 2xA ⁇ p with respect to the incident wave, or A ⁇ p is the phase shift acquired by the wave when propagating between the patch and the ground plane.
- diode DI is ON and diode D2 is OFF, and the 90° phase delay line is active.
- the phase difference between the phases of the reflection coefficients in the two operating states is therefore 180°.
- the PPW 240 or 440 waveguide can be produced in different variants.
- the space between its parallel plates is simply filled with air.
- this space is occupied by a dielectric.
- a slow-wave structure is provided by aliasing the lower plate of the second rectilinear section of the waveguide, and tilting it relative to which upper metal plate in which the stubs are formed.
- the gap between the upper plate M1 and the lower plate M2 is reduced in the direction of propagation (Ox) and that the lower plate M2 has undulations on its upper face, in the direction (Oz).
- the presence of a dielectric and a fortiori of a slow wave structure in the waveguide makes it possible to lower the phase speed and reduce the guided wavelength.
- the pitch of the network of continuous stubs can be chosen lower, which makes it possible to avoid the appearance of side lobes and to extend the scanning angular range.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2204480A FR3135572B1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 | 2022-05-11 | Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnel |
| PCT/EP2023/062689 WO2023218008A1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-11 | Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4523291A1 true EP4523291A1 (fr) | 2025-03-19 |
| EP4523291B1 EP4523291B1 (fr) | 2026-01-14 |
Family
ID=83438844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23726366.0A Active EP4523291B1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-11 | Antenne faible profil à balayage electronique bidimensionnel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260018798A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4523291B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3135572B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023218008A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119070922B (zh) * | 2024-09-03 | 2025-10-28 | 电子科技大学 | 一种宽带二维扫描光子学太赫兹高速通信装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5579021A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-11-26 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Scanned antenna system |
| US6064349A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-05-16 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Electronically scanned semiconductor antenna |
| US6677899B1 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-01-13 | Raytheon Company | Low cost 2-D electronically scanned array with compact CTS feed and MEMS phase shifters |
| US6999040B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-02-14 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array phase shifter circuit techniques and antennas |
| US7106265B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-09-12 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array radiator ESA |
| FR3065329B1 (fr) | 2017-04-14 | 2019-07-05 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Cellule elementaire d'un reseau transmetteur pour une antenne reconfigurable |
| FR3122780B1 (fr) | 2021-05-07 | 2024-09-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Cellule d’antenne à réseau transmetteur |
| FR3125173B1 (fr) | 2021-07-07 | 2024-10-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Cellule d’antenne à réseau transmetteur |
-
2022
- 2022-05-11 FR FR2204480A patent/FR3135572B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-05-11 EP EP23726366.0A patent/EP4523291B1/fr active Active
- 2023-05-11 WO PCT/EP2023/062689 patent/WO2023218008A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-11 US US18/864,168 patent/US20260018798A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260018798A1 (en) | 2026-01-15 |
| FR3135572A1 (fr) | 2023-11-17 |
| WO2023218008A1 (fr) | 2023-11-16 |
| FR3135572B1 (fr) | 2024-11-15 |
| EP4523291B1 (fr) | 2026-01-14 |
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