EP4505054A1 - Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug - Google Patents
Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4505054A1 EP4505054A1 EP23716794.5A EP23716794A EP4505054A1 EP 4505054 A1 EP4505054 A1 EP 4505054A1 EP 23716794 A EP23716794 A EP 23716794A EP 4505054 A1 EP4505054 A1 EP 4505054A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antechamber
- ammonia
- combustion chamber
- line element
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
- F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
- F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
- An ammonia engine is known from WO 2013/172 141 A1, which uses ammonia gas as fuel.
- the object of the present invention is to create an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, so that a particularly advantageous, in particular low-emission, operation can be realized.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, also referred to as an internal combustion engine, motor or internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine can be used, for example, for a motor vehicle designed in particular as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, commercial vehicle or truck, which is also simply referred to as a vehicle, so that the motor vehicle in its fully manufactured state has the internal combustion engine and by means of the internal combustion engine can be driven.
- the invention can also be used, for example, for agricultural vehicles, construction machinery, railway vehicles, rail vehicles, land vehicles, watercraft, aircraft, boats, power generators or other applications. The invention is not limited to vehicle applications.
- the internal combustion engine can be used for any application.
- the internal combustion engine has at least one combustion chamber, also referred to as the main combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber is at least partially limited, in particular directly, by an engine block of the internal combustion engine.
- the combustion chamber is, for example, partially formed or limited by a cylinder, wherein the cylinder can be formed or limited, for example, by the aforementioned engine block, in particular directly.
- the engine block is a cylinder housing, in particular a cylinder crankcase.
- the internal combustion engine can be a reciprocating piston engine.
- the internal combustion engine can have an output shaft designed, for example, as a crankshaft, which is rotatable about an output shaft rotation axis relative to the engine block.
- the internal combustion engine can provide torque via the output shaft, in particular for driving the motor vehicle.
- combustion processes take place in the combustion chamber.
- a combustion chamber mixture also known as the main mixture
- the combustion chamber is also partially formed or limited by a piston, which is arranged in particular in a translationally movable manner in the aforementioned cylinder.
- the piston is articulated to the output shaft via a connecting rod.
- translational movements of the piston in the cylinder can be converted into a rotational movement of the output shaft.
- the respective combustion process in particular drives the piston and thereby moves it, in particular translationally, relative to the engine block in the cylinder, whereby the output shaft is driven by the piston via the connecting rod and thus rotated about the output shaft axis of rotation relative to the engine block.
- the internal combustion engine has a prechamber spark plug assigned to the combustion chamber, which has an antechamber and a plurality of overflow openings through which the antechamber communicates fluidly with the main combustion chamber (combustion chamber). connected is.
- the antechamber is completely fluidically separated from the combustion chamber, with the exception of the overflow openings, which are also simply referred to as openings and are designed as through-openings, that is, with the exception of respective fluidic connections between the antechamber and the combustion chamber that are implemented via the overflow openings.
- the antechamber is, for example, delimited, in particular directly, by a housing of the prechamber spark plug, in particular by an inner peripheral surface of the housing.
- the overflow openings are formed in the housing. It is therefore particularly conceivable that the antechamber is completely fluidically separated from the combustion chamber, in particular by the housing, with the exception of the overflow openings, that is to say with the exception of the respective fluidic connections between the antechamber and the combustion chamber, which are implemented via the respective overflow openings.
- the internal combustion engine in particular at least or precisely, is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and is thereby separated from the combustion chamber and has a tank device that is different from the antechamber and is additionally provided, in which ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, in particular, for example, in the form of pure ammonia, can be absorbed or absorbed.
- ammonia in particular in the form of NH3, in particular, for example, in the form of pure ammonia, can be absorbed or absorbed.
- NH3 or, in particular pure, ammonia is understood to mean the chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen with the molecular formula NH3.
- an ammonia-binding content or an ammonia-binding substance, in particular in the form of NH3, is accommodated in the tank device is, for example, a salt which binds ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, whereby the salt, for example when the salt is heated, releases the ammonia bound to or in the salt, i.e. provides it, and whereby the salt itself, however, at least predominantly, in particular completely, remains in the tank device, so that the tank device is designed in particular to provide ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3.
- the substance, for example the salt can then be viewed as part of the tank device, so to speak.
- the tank device comprises at least one tank or gas bottle or several tank or gas bottles.
- the internal combustion engine has, in particular at least or exactly, a line element, in particular opening directly into the antechamber, by means of which the ammonia provided in particular by the tank device, in particular in the form of NH3, can be introduced from the tank device directly into the antechamber, that is to say can be introduced .
- ammonia that can be absorbed or absorbed in the tank device can be removed from the tank device and introduced into the line element and can subsequently flow through the line element and is guided to the antechamber and directly into the antechamber by means of the line element and is thus conducted , so that the ammonia (NH3) originating from the tank device and flowing through the line element can flow out of the line element and thus flow directly into the antechamber, in particular bypassing the main combustion chamber.
- NH3 ammonia
- ammonia from the tank device can be introduced directly into the antechamber bypassing the main combustion chamber by means of the line element
- the ammonia originating from the tank device on its way from the tank device via the line element, i.e. through the Line element flows around the main combustion chamber into the antechamber, that is, it does not flow through the main combustion chamber and therefore does not reach the antechamber via the main combustion chamber, but ammonia flowing through the line element is introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the line element.
- the prechamber spark plug has an ignition device, by means of which in the prechamber, in particular within a respective working cycle Internal combustion engine, at least one ignition spark can be generated for igniting a mixture, also referred to as a chamber mixture or prechamber mixture, which comprises at least oxygen and the ammonia introduced or introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the line element.
- a mixture also referred to as a chamber mixture or prechamber mixture
- the mixture (prechamber mixture) in the prechamber does not contain any other fuel with the exception of ammonia.
- the mixture (prechamber mixture) does not contain any other fuel, with the exception of the ammonia and any hydrogen provided.
- the ignition device comprises, for example, at least one electrode designed in particular as a center electrode and, for example, a mass element corresponding to the electrode, the ignition spark being able to be generated between the electrode and the mass element.
- the mass element is to be understood as meaning that the mass element has an electrical reference potential or is electrically contacted with an electrical reference potential, so that, for example, the ignition spark can be generated in such a way that an electrical voltage applied to the electrode is changed, in particular increased, while the electrical reference potential of the mass element remains unchanged.
- the line element can include an injector that can be operated in particular electrically.
- an injector that can be operated in particular electrically can be arranged in the line element.
- the injector is a valve element that can be operated in particular electrically, by means of which the ammonia from the tank device can be introduced directly into the antechamber, with the amount of ammonia to be introduced directly into the antechamber via the line element being adjustable, in particular controlled, for example by means of the injector or by means of the valve element to regulate is.
- the ammonia is introduced, in particular blown, into the antechamber in a gaseous state via the line element or by means of the line element.
- the invention is based in particular on the findings that ammonia is particularly effective in comparison to fuels such as gasoline or Gasoline fuels and diesel fuels have a high ignition temperature and a low burning rate. If no appropriate countermeasures are taken, this can lead to an unfavorable burnout of the mixture. This can result in low efficiency and undesirable ammonia emissions.
- the disadvantages and problems mentioned above can now be avoided by the invention. Because the ammonia from the tank device is introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the line element, the antechamber is a flushed antechamber. This enables efficient and low-emission operation.
- a second line element branches off from the line element, which is also referred to as the first line element, at a connection point arranged in the flow direction of the ammonia flowing through the line element upstream of the antechamber and downstream of the tank device, by means of which at the connection point at least or exclusively part of the ammonia flowing through the first line element can be branched off from the first line element and introduced into the combustion chamber, that is to say can be introduced, bypassing the antechamber.
- the said part of the ammonia that can be branched off from the first line element by means of the second line element is also referred to, for example, as the first subset.
- the first subset is branched off from the first line element, for example by means of the second line element, in particular in such a way that a second subset of the ammonia from the tank device remains in the first line element and continues to flow through the first line element, in particular beyond the connection point, for example upstream of the connection point.
- the first subset and the second subset form a total flow of ammonia flowing through the line element.
- the first subset is branched off from the total flow by means of the second line element, in particular in such a way that the second subset remains in the first line element and flows through the first line element, so that, for example, the second subset is introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the first line element.
- the first portion is fed into the combustion chamber by means of the second line element introduced, in such a way that the first subset bypasses the antechamber on its way from the connection point via the second line element into the combustion chamber, and therefore does not flow through the antechamber and is therefore not introduced into the combustion chamber via the antechamber.
- the second line element opens directly into the combustion chamber, so that the first subset of ammonia can be introduced, in particular introduced, directly into the combustion chamber by means of the second line element, preferably in a gaseous state, so that, for example, the second subset the ammonia can be introduced into the combustion chamber, in particular inflated, in particular in a gaseous state.
- the second line element opens into an inlet channel assigned to the combustion chamber, so that, for example, the first subset of ammonia is introduced into the inlet channel by means of the second line element and subsequently into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel.
- the first portion of the ammonia bypasses the antechamber on its way from the connection point into the combustion chamber, with the first portion of the ammonia flowing into the combustion chamber via the second line element and the inlet channel.
- the aforementioned oxygen in particular as a component of air, is introduced, in particular introduced, into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel.
- air also referred to as fresh air
- the first subset of ammonia is introduced, in particular blown, directly into the combustion chamber by means of the second line element is to be understood as meaning that the first subset of ammonia bypasses the inlet channel on its way from the connection point into the combustion chamber and is therefore not introduced via the inlet channel, but directly into the combustion chamber, in particular blown in.
- the introduction of ammonia into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber means that the ammonia does not flow through the antechamber on its way from the connection point through the second line element into the combustion chamber and is either conducted directly into the combustion chamber or directly is directed into the inlet channel or via the inlet channel into the combustion chamber.
- the aforementioned mixture is formed, for example, in such a way that the oxygen or air, which is passed into the combustion chamber in particular via the inlet channel, can flow from the combustion chamber through the overflow openings and can thus flow into the antechamber via the overflow openings.
- the oxygen or the air is conveyed from the combustion chamber by means of the aforementioned piston, in particular on its way from a bottom dead center towards its top dead center, through the overflow openings, in particular pushed or pressed through, so that at least part of the air or at least Part of the oxygen can flow from the combustion chamber into the antechamber via the overflow openings.
- the mixture of the oxygen or the air and the ammonia, in particular introduced directly into the antechamber, can then arise or be formed in the antechamber.
- the combustion chamber mixture also referred to as the main mixture
- the combustion chamber mixture can be formed in the combustion chamber, in particular in that part of the oxygen or air introduced into the combustion chamber does not flow over into the antechamber, but remains in the combustion chamber and there with the ammonia, bypassing the antechamber was introduced into the combustion chamber and/or forms the main mixture with hydrogen. It is preferably provided that the main mixture does not contain any other fuel, with the exception of the ammonia introduced into the combustion chamber. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the main mixture does not contain any other fuel, with the exception of the ammonia introduced into the combustion chamber and with the exception of any hydrogen provided.
- the mixture in the antechamber is burned.
- flames also known as burning flares i.e. the burning mixture from the antechamber, can flow through the overflow openings and thus flow into the combustion chamber and ignite the main mixture there, whereby, for example, the aforementioned piston is driven.
- a, in particular chemical reactor is arranged, which is designed to convert a first part of the ammonia flowing through the line element into, in particular pure, hydrogen, that is into H2 decompose, that is, split up, and allow a second part of the ammonia flowing through the line element, in particular undecomposed or unaffected, to pass through, so that by means of the line element, the ammonia and the hydrogen passed through can be introduced directly into the antechamber, in which the passed through Ammonia and the hydrogen mixture (pre-chamber mixture) can be ignited by means of the ignition spark.
- the ammonia passed through is to be understood as meaning the second part of the ammonia, whereby the second part of the ammonia flows through the reactor but is not converted or decomposed by means of the reactor into hydrogen or into a substance other
- the reactor supports and/or effects, in particular catalytically, a particularly chemical decomposition and thus conversion of the ammonia, that is to say the first part of the ammonia, into hydrogen.
- the reactor is a catalyst.
- the reactor is designed in such a way, particularly with regard to its ability to decompose or split ammonia into hydrogen, in particular with regard to a total stream of ammonia formed, for example, by the first part and by the second part, that the reactor does not contain the entire total stream, but only converts the first part of the ammonia into hydrogen, that is, decomposes it, and allows the second part of the ammonia to pass through undecomposed, so that the second part of the ammonia flows through the line element both upstream of the reactor and downstream of the reactor, and is therefore passed through by the reactor.
- the second part of the ammonia is also referred to as the ammonia that passes through.
- the prechamber mixture includes the oxygen, the ammonia passed through, therefore the second part of the ammonia, and the hydrogen that was obtained from the first part of the ammonia. It is preferably provided that the prechamber mixture with the exception of the ammonia and with the exception of Hydrogen does not include any other fuel. Since the mixture includes the ammonia and the hydrogen, a particularly advantageous combustion can be achieved.
- a further embodiment is characterized in that the connection point is arranged upstream of the reactor. This allows a sufficient amount of ammonia to be introduced into the combustion chamber in a simple manner, bypassing the antechamber, so that particularly advantageous operation can be achieved.
- a further embodiment is characterized in that a branch line branches off from the reactor, in particular directly, by means of which part of the ammonia passed through and part of the hydrogen, which was obtained by means of the reactor from the ammonia originating from the tank device, in particular directly, can be branched off from the chemical reactor and introduced, in particular introduced, into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber.
- the branched hydrogen and the branched ammonia from the reactor can be fed directly into the combustion chamber or into the inlet channel by means of the branch line and thus guided into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel.
- This embodiment also enables the hydrogen to be introduced into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber, so that particularly advantageous combustion can also be ensured in the combustion chamber. This allows efficient and low-emission operation to be achieved.
- a guide line branches off from the first line element in the flow direction of the ammonia flowing through the first line element at a branch point arranged downstream of the reactor and upstream of the antechamber, by means of which a part of the the The ammonia flowing through the first line element and a portion of the hydrogen flowing through the first line element can be branched off from the first line element and introduced into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber. This allows the hydrogen to enter the combustion chamber in a particularly simple manner be introduced so that efficient and low-emission combustion can be guaranteed.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine which has at least one combustion chamber and at least one prechamber spark plug assigned to the combustion chamber.
- the prechamber spark plug has a prechamber and a plurality of overflow openings, via which the prechamber is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber.
- the internal combustion engine in particular at least, is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and thereby in particular from the Combustion chamber and different from the antechamber, additionally provided tank device, in which ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, can be absorbed or absorbed.
- the internal combustion engine also has, in particular at least or exactly, a line element through which the ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, can flow from the tank device and which opens directly into the antechamber, in which, in particular at least, a reactor through which the ammonia can flow from the tank device, in particular chemical reactor, is arranged.
- a reactor through which the ammonia can flow from the tank device, in particular chemical reactor, is arranged.
- the prechamber spark plug has an ignition device, in particular at least partially arranged in the antechamber, by means of which at least one ignition spark can be generated in the antechamber for igniting a mixture comprising at least oxygen and the hydrogen introduced directly into the antechamber, also referred to as a prechamber mixture.
- the second aspect of the invention uses ammonia to obtain hydrogen, in particular in the form of H2, from at least part of the ammonia using the reactor. In this way, a particularly advantageous combustion of the prechamber mixture can be achieved, so that efficient and low-emission operation can be achieved.
- the line element in the second aspect of the invention can have an injector that can be operated in particular electrically, that is to say a valve element that can be operated in particular electrically, by means of which, for example, the hydrogen can be introduced directly into the antechamber.
- an amount of hydrogen to be introduced directly into the antechamber can be adjusted, that is, controlled or regulated, by means of the injector.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, also referred to as a motor, internal combustion engine or internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine according to the third aspect of the invention has at least one combustion chamber and at least one prechamber spark plug assigned to the combustion chamber, which has an antechamber and a plurality of overflow openings, via which the prechamber is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber, also referred to as the main combustion chamber.
- the internal combustion engine has at least one outside the combustion chamber and arranged outside the antechamber and thereby different from the combustion chamber and from the antechamber, additionally provided first tank device, in which hydrogen, in particular in the form of H2, for example in particular in the form of in particular pure hydrogen, can be absorbed or absorbed. Hydrogen in the form of H2 can therefore be provided by means of the first tank device.
- the feature that hydrogen can be absorbed or absorbed in the form of H2 in the first tank device is understood to mean that the chemical compound of hydrogen with the molecular formula H2 can be absorbed or absorbed in the first tank device.
- the internal combustion engine according to the third aspect of the invention further has, in particular at least or precisely, a line element which opens in particular directly into the antechamber, by means of which the hydrogen provided in particular by the first tank device in the form of H2, in particular in the form of in particular pure hydrogen, can be introduced from the first tank device directly into the antechamber, that is, can be introduced, in particular bypassing the combustion chamber.
- a line element which opens in particular directly into the antechamber, by means of which the hydrogen provided in particular by the first tank device in the form of H2, in particular in the form of in particular pure hydrogen, can be introduced from the first tank device directly into the antechamber, that is, can be introduced, in particular bypassing the combustion chamber.
- the hydrogen originating from the first tank device does not flow through the combustion chamber on its way from the first tank device into the antechamber, that is, does not flow into the antechamber via the combustion chamber, but rather the hydrogen originating from the first tank device flows out of the tank device via the line element directly into the antechamber without flowing through the combustion chamber.
- the hydrogen originating from the first tank device can be introduced or introduced in the gaseous state of the hydrogen directly into the antechamber by means of the line element, in particular inflated or blown in.
- the prechamber spark plug has an ignition device, in particular at least partially arranged in the antechamber, by means of which at least one ignition spark can be generated in the antechamber for igniting a mixture comprising at least oxygen and the hydrogen coming directly into the antechamber and originating from the tank device, also referred to as a prechamber mixture.
- the hydrogen in the form of H2 in particular in the form of pure hydrogen, can be introduced from the first tank device directly into the antechamber by means of the line element. This means that the hydrogen, which is introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the line element, comes from the first tank device and is not or is not only produced from a substance different from hydrogen by converting the substance into hydrogen.
- the internal combustion engine also has, in particular at least, a second tank device which is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and is therefore different from the combustion chamber and from the antechamber and which can in particular be provided in addition to the first tank device.
- a second tank device which is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and is therefore different from the combustion chamber and from the antechamber and which can in particular be provided in addition to the first tank device.
- only hydrogen, in particular pure hydrogen is contained in the first tank device, with the exception of technically unavoidable impurities.
- the second tank device contains ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, in particular in the form of, in particular, pure ammonia.
- the ammonia that can be absorbed or absorbed in the second tank device is to be understood as the chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen with the molecular formula NH3.
- only ammonia, in particular pure ammonia can be absorbed or absorbed in the second tank device, in particular with the exception of technically unavoidable impurities.
- the internal combustion engine further has a line device, which is provided in particular in addition to the line element.
- the ammonia which is provided or can be provided by the second tank device, in particular in the form of NH3, in particular in the form of in particular pure ammonia, can be introduced from the second tank device directly into the antechamber and/or bypassing the antechamber into the combustion chamber and can therefore be introduced , especially inflatable.
- the ammonia originating from the second tank device can be introduced in the gaseous state of the ammonia directly into the antechamber and/or into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber and therefore inflatable.
- ammonia coming from the second tank device can be introduced directly into the antechamber by means of the line device and can therefore be introduced, in particular bypassing the combustion chamber, is to be understood as already described above with regard to the hydrogen coming from the first tank device that the ammonia bypasses the combustion chamber on its way out of the second tank device through the line device or via the line device into the antechamber and therefore does not flow into the antechamber through the combustion chamber or via the combustion chamber, but rather the ammonia originating from the second tank device flows on its Path through the line device into the antechamber without flowing through the combustion chamber.
- the ammonia originating from the second tank device can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of the line device, bypassing the antechamber, is to be understood as meaning that, for example, the ammonia passes through the line device on its way out of the second tank device, that is to say bypasses the antechamber via the line device into the combustion chamber, and therefore does not flow through the antechamber.
- the line device opens directly into the combustion chamber, so that the ammonia originating from the second tank device and flowing through the line device is introduced, in particular blown, directly into the combustion chamber, without flowing into the combustion chamber via the aforementioned inlet channel .
- the ammonia originating from the second tank device is introduced or blown directly into the inlet channel by means of the line device, and is subsequently introduced into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel, with the ammonia originating from the second tank device also being introduced
- the flow flows around the antechamber and therefore does not flow via the antechamber into the combustion chamber.
- an injector that is in particular electrically operable, that is to say a first valve element that is in particular electrically operable, actuable or movable, is arranged in the line element, by means of which an amount of the hydrogen to be introduced directly into the antechamber can be adjusted, in particular regulated or controlled.
- an in particular electrically operable, second injector that is to say a particularly electrically operable second valve element, can be arranged in the line device, by means of which a quantity of the antechamber can be injected directly into the antechamber and/or bypassing the Prechamber to be introduced into the combustion chamber ammonia adjustable, in particular to regulate or control.
- the hydrogen coming from the first tank device is introduced directly into the antechamber, so that the prechamber mixture includes the hydrogen and the oxygen as well as, for example, the ammonia, in particular from the second tank device, a particularly advantageous combustion can be ensured so that particularly efficient and low-emission operation can be achieved.
- the prechamber mixture does not have any other fuel other than the hydrogen coming from the first tank device, or the prechamber mixture has no other fuel other than the hydrogen coming from the first tank device and the ammonia coming from the second tank device.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, also referred to as an internal combustion engine, motor or internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine according to the fourth aspect of the invention has at least one combustion chamber, also referred to as the main combustion chamber, and at least one prechamber spark plug assigned to the combustion chamber, which has an antechamber and a plurality of overflow openings, via which the antechamber is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber.
- the internal combustion engine according to the fourth aspect of the invention also has an ignition device, in particular at least partially arranged in the antechamber, by means of which at least one ignition spark can be generated in the antechamber for igniting a mixture that can be accommodated or received in particular in the antechamber.
- the mixture is also referred to as a pre-chamber mixture.
- the previous and following statements on the first, second and third aspects of the invention can easily be transferred to the fourth aspect of the invention and vice versa.
- the internal combustion engine in particular at least one, is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and is thereby separated from the combustion chamber and has a tank device that is different from the antechamber and is additionally provided, in which ammonia can be absorbed or absorbed, in particular in the form of NH3, i.e. in the form of in particular pure ammonia.
- ammonia absorbed or absorbable in the tank device is therefore understood to mean the chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen with the molecular formula NH3.
- ammonia (NH3) and not or not only a substance different from ammonia can already be absorbed or absorbed in the tank device, from which ammonia in the form of NH3 is produced, i.e. obtained, for example by decomposing and / or converting the substance .
- the internal combustion engine according to the fourth aspect of the invention furthermore has, in particular at least or precisely, a line element through which the ammonia from the tank device, also referred to as a tank, can flow, in particular in the form of NH3, in which a, in particular chemical, reactor is arranged, which for this purpose is designed to decompose, i.e.
- the hydrogen and the ammonia passed through can be introduced, in particular blown, into the combustion chamber by means of the line element, bypassing the antechamber in the gaseous state of the hydrogen and the ammonia.
- the feature that the passed ammonia and the hydrogen can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of the line element, bypassing the antechamber is to be understood as meaning that the ammonia originating from the tank device passes through the line element into the combustion chamber on its way out of the tank device Hydrogen generated from the ammonia does not flow through the antechamber on its way from the reactor via the line element into the combustion chamber, that is, it does not flow into the combustion chamber via the antechamber, but rather bypasses the antechamber.
- hydrogen and the ammonia are blown, in particular introduced, directly into the combustion chamber by means of the line element, in particular bypassing the previously described inlet channel.
- the hydrogen and the ammonia are introduced, in particular blown, directly into the aforementioned inlet channel by means of the line element and are thus introduced into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel, with the ammonia and the hydrogen here also bypassing the antechamber , and therefore do not flow into the combustion chamber via the antechamber.
- a combustion chamber mixture also referred to as the main mixture, can be produced, which comprises the ammonia introduced into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber and the hydrogen introduced into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber, as well as, for example, oxygen.
- the combustion chamber mixture includes air, which includes the mentioned oxygen.
- the oxygen or air is introduced into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel, for example.
- At least part of the combustion chamber mixture flows from the combustion chamber into the antechamber via the overflow openings, with the part of the combustion chamber mixture then forming or being the previously mentioned mixture, also referred to as the prechamber mixture, which can be accommodated or accommodated in the antechamber.
- the prechamber mixture can then be ignited in the prechamber using the ignition spark. This causes the prechamber mixture to be burned. This results in flames, also known as burning flares, which flow through the overflow openings and thus into the overflow openings Combustion chamber flow.
- the flames ignite the combustion chamber mixture remaining in the combustion chamber, which is subsequently burned.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, also known as a combustion engine, internal combustion engine or motor, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine according to the fifth aspect of the invention has at least one combustion chamber and at least one prechamber spark plug assigned to the combustion chamber, which includes an antechamber and a plurality of overflow openings.
- the antechamber is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber, which is also referred to as the main combustion chamber, via the overflow openings.
- an ignition device is also provided, in particular at least partially arranged in the antechamber, by means of which at least one ignition spark can be generated in the antechamber for igniting a mixture, also referred to as a prechamber mixture, which can be accommodated or received in the antechamber.
- a mixture also referred to as a prechamber mixture
- the internal combustion engine in particular at least, is arranged outside the combustion chamber and outside the antechamber and is thereby separated from the combustion chamber and has a tank device which is different from the antechamber and is additionally provided, in which ammonia, in particular in the form of NH3, in particular in the form of in particular pure ammonia, can be absorbed or absorbed.
- the ammonia absorbed or absorbable in the tank device refers to the chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen with the molecular formula NH3.
- the internal combustion engine has at least or precisely one of the ammonia from what is also referred to as a tank Tank device, therefore ammonia provided by the tank device, in particular in the form of NH3, in particular in the form of, in particular, pure ammonia, flowable line element, in which a particularly chemical reactor is arranged.
- the reactor is designed to decompose, that is to convert, at least part of the ammonia flowing through the line element and originating from the tank device into hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can be introduced directly into the antechamber and/or into the combustion chamber bypassing the antechamber by means of the line element .
- the hydrogen which was obtained or generated from the ammonia originating from the tank device by converting at least part of the ammonia originating from the tank device into hydrogen by means of the reactor, is fed directly into the antechamber by means of the line element can therefore be introduced bypassing the combustion chamber and can therefore be introduced, in particular, for example, in gaseous form, that is to say in the gaseous state of the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can be blown directly into the antechamber by means of the line element.
- the feature that the hydrogen produced in the manner described can be introduced, in particular blown, directly into the antechamber and thus bypassing the combustion chamber, means that the hydrogen passes through the line element on its way from the reactor, that is, it bypasses the combustion chamber via the line element into the antechamber, that is, it does not flow into the antechamber via the combustion chamber.
- the hydrogen obtained from the ammonia coming from the tank device can be introduced directly into the combustion chamber by means of the line element, bypassing the antechamber, whereby the hydrogen in the gaseous state of the hydrogen can be introduced directly into the combustion chamber and can therefore be blown in .
- the hydrogen on its way from the reactor through the line element into the combustion chamber bypasses the antechamber, therefore does not flow through the antechamber and is therefore introduced directly into the combustion chamber, bypassing the antechamber, in particular also bypassing the aforementioned inlet channel .
- the hydrogen is introduced, in particular blown in, directly into the inlet channel by means of the line element gaseous state of the hydrogen, so that, for example, the hydrogen on its way out of the reactor through the line element into the inlet channel bypasses the antechamber and is thereby introduced or introduced into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel.
- the hydrogen can be introduced into the inlet channel by means of the line element, bypassing the antechamber, or into the combustion chamber via the inlet channel, whereby the hydrogen can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of the line element, in particular directly, in particular in the gaseous state of hydrogen.
- the internal combustion engine has a bypass line which is fluidly connected to the line element at a first connection point and at a second connection point spaced apart from the first connection point.
- the first connection point is arranged upstream of the reactor.
- the flow direction of the ammonia flowing through the line element and the hydrogen flowing through the line element is the second connection point downstream of the reactor and in particular upstream of the antechamber and / or the combustion chamber and / or the inlet channel.
- the first connection point is arranged downstream of the tank device.
- bypass line By means of the bypass line, at least part of the ammonia flowing through the line element and originating from the tank device can be branched off from the line element at the first connection point and introduced into the bypass line.
- the ammonia branched off from the line element at the connection point and introduced into the bypass line can flow through the bypass line and is converted into hydrogen by means of the bypass line, bypassing the reactor, that is to say without flowing through the reactor and thus without being converted into hydrogen by means of the reactor the second connection point are guided and are (re)introduced into the line element at the second connection point.
- the bypass line is preferably free of a reactor which is designed to specifically convert the ammonia flowing through the bypass line into hydrogen, that is to say to decompose it.
- a particularly advantageous fuel mixture which comprises the hydrogen which is generated by means of the reactor from the ammonia originating from the tank device.
- the fuel mixture includes ammonia flowing through the bypass line and thus bypassing the reactor.
- FIG. 1 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle;
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine
- FIG. 3 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a third internal combustion engine
- 4 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a fourth internal combustion engine
- FIG. 5 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a line area
- Fig. 6 shows a detail of a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the line area.
- Fig. 1 shows a section of a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine 10, also referred to as an internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine or motor, in particular of a motor vehicle.
- the motor vehicle which is designed in particular as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, or as a commercial vehicle, in particular as a truck, has the internal combustion engine 10 in its completely manufactured state and can be driven by means of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the internal combustion engine 10 has at least one combustion chamber 12, which is formed or limited partly by a cylinder 14 and partly by a piston 16 accommodated in the cylinder 14 in a translationally movable manner.
- the cylinder 14 is formed or limited, in particular directly, by an engine block 18 of the internal combustion engine 10 designed as a cylinder housing, in particular as a cylinder crankcase.
- the combustion chamber 12 is also partially delimited by a combustion chamber roof 20.
- the combustion chamber roof is formed, for example, by a cylinder head 22 of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the cylinder head 22 is a housing element of the internal combustion engine 10, which is preferably designed separately from the engine block 18 or is connected to the engine block.
- combustion processes take place in the combustion chamber 12.
- the internal combustion engine 10 is designed, for example, as a 4-stroke engine. A 2-stroke engine would of course also be possible.
- a combustion chamber mixture also referred to as the main mixture, is burned in the combustion chamber 12, also referred to as the main combustion chamber, resulting in exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 10.
- the piston 16 is articulated via a connecting rod, not shown in FIG. 1, to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 10, which is designed, for example, as a crankshaft.
- the piston 16 is driven and thereby moved in translation relative to the engine block 18, whereby the output shaft is driven via the connecting rod and is subsequently rotated about an output shaft rotation axis relative to the engine block 18.
- the internal combustion engine 10 can provide torque via the output shaft, in particular for driving the motor vehicle.
- the respective working cycle preferably includes exactly two complete revolutions of the output shaft and therefore in particular exactly 720 degrees crank angle.
- At least one outlet channel 24 of the internal combustion engine 10 is assigned to the combustion chamber 12, the outlet channel 24 being formed or limited, for example, by the cylinder head 22.
- the said exhaust gas can flow out of the combustion chamber and flow into the outlet channel 24 and subsequently flow through the outlet channel 24.
- the outlet channel 24 is assigned a first gas exchange valve designed as a poppet valve in the form of an outlet valve 26, which can be moved, in particular translationally, between a closed position shown in FIG. 1 and at least one open position relative to the cylinder head 22. In the closed position, the outlet valve 26 blocks the associated outlet channel 24, so that no gas can flow from the combustion chamber 12 into the outlet channel 24 and, conversely, no gas can flow from the outlet channel 24 into the combustion chamber 12.
- the combustion chamber 12 is assigned at least one inlet channel 28, which can be formed by the cylinder head 22. Air can flow through the inlet channel 28, which is referred to as fresh air. The fresh air can thus be introduced into the combustion chamber 12 via the inlet channel 28, the aforementioned combustion chamber mixture comprising the fresh air which flows through the inlet channel 28 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 via the inlet channel 28.
- a second gas exchange valve designed as a poppet valve in the form of an inlet valve 30 is assigned to the combustion chamber 12.
- the inlet valve is movable, in particular translationally, between the closed position shown in FIG. 1 and at least one open position relative to the cylinder head.
- the inlet valve 30 blocks the inlet channel 28, so that no gas can flow from the inlet channel 28 into the combustion chamber 12 and, conversely, no gas can flow from the combustion chamber 12 into the inlet channel 28.
- the inlet valve 30 releases the inlet channel 28, so that the inlet channel 28 is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 12.
- the fresh air flowing through the inlet channel 28 can flow out of the inlet channel 28 without flowing into the combustion chamber 21 and is thus introduced, in particular introduced, into the combustion chamber 12.
- the internal combustion engine 10 is an ammonia engine.
- the internal combustion engine 10 has a prechamber spark plug 32 assigned to the combustion chamber 12, which, in particular, has an antechamber 34 and a plurality of overflow openings 36.
- the antechamber 34 is fluidly connected to the combustion chamber 12, also referred to as the main combustion chamber, via the overflow openings 36.
- the antechamber 34 is completely fluidly separated from the combustion chamber 12, in particular by a housing 37 of the antechamber spark plug 32, the housing 37 of which, in particular, is the antechamber is direct, educated or limited.
- the internal combustion engine 10 has a position outside the combustion chamber 12 and outside
- the tank device 38 is arranged in the antechamber 34 and is therefore different from the combustion chamber 12 and from the antechamber 34 and is additionally provided, in which ammonia 40 is accommodated in the form of NH3.
- a level of the ammonia 40 received in the tank device 38 is designated 42 in FIG. It can be provided that a gaseous phase and a liquid phase of the ammonia 40 can be absorbed or accommodated in the tank device 38.
- the internal combustion engine 10 also has a line element 44, which opens directly into the antechamber 34 in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the ammonia 40 in the form of NH3 can be introduced from the tank device 38 directly into the antechamber 34, in particular bypassing the combustion chamber 12 and the inlet channel 28 and also the outlet channel 24.
- the ammonia originating from the tank device 38 in a gaseous state by means of the line element 44 directly into the antechamber 34 and thus blown in.
- the prechamber spark plug 32 has an ignition device 46, which is designed, for example, as a spark plug. From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the ignition device 46 is at least partially arranged in the antechamber 34. By means of the ignition device 46, at least one ignition spark can be generated in the antechamber 34, in particular within the respective working cycle, for igniting a mixture, also referred to as a prechamber mixture, which is accommodated and receivable in the antechamber 34.
- the prechamber mixture (mixture) that can be accommodated or received in the antechamber 34 includes the ammonia and oxygen introduced directly into the antechamber 34 by means of the line element 44.
- the fresh air introduced into the combustion chamber 12 via the inlet channel 28 can flow through the overflow openings and thus flow from the combustion chamber 12 into the antechamber 34 via the overflow openings 36.
- the fresh air flowing into the antechamber 34 includes the aforementioned oxygen, from which the antechamber mixture is formed together with the ammonia introduced directly into the antechamber 34.
- the pre-chamber mixture is ignited by the ignition spark within the respective working cycle and thereby burned. This also results in flames 48, referred to as burning torches, which flow through the overflow openings 36 and thus over the Overflow openings 36 flow into the combustion chamber 12.
- the aforementioned combustion chamber mixture also referred to as the main mixture, is ignited and subsequently burned, whereby the piston 16 and the output shafts are driven via the connecting rod.
- the combustion chamber mixture includes the fresh air remaining in the combustion chamber 12 and thus the oxygen contained in the fresh air remaining in the combustion chamber 12 as well as the ammonia 40 from the tank device 38, as will be explained in more detail below. It is preferably provided that the combustion chamber mixture does not contain any other fuel other than the ammonia coming from the tank device 38.
- a particularly electrically operable valve element 50 is arranged in the line element 44 downstream of the tank device 38 and upstream of the antechamber 34, by means of which an amount of the ammonia to be introduced directly into the antechamber 34 by means of the line element 44 can be adjusted, in particular to to control or regulate is.
- a second line element 52 branches off from the line element 44 at a connection point V1 arranged upstream of the antechamber 34 and downstream of the tank device 38.
- the line element 44 is therefore also referred to as the first line element.
- a part of the ammonia flowing through the first line element 44 and originating from the tank device 38 also referred to as the first subset, can be branched off from the first line element 44 at the connection point V1 and introduced into the line element 52.
- the ammonia branched off from the line element 44 at the connection point V1 and introduced into the line element 52 can flow through the line element 52 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 by means of the line element 52, bypassing the antechamber 34, in the present case in such a way that the ammonia flowing through the line element 52 is introduced by means of the line element 52 directly into the inlet channel 28 and via the inlet channel 28 into the combustion chamber 12, bypassing the antechamber 34.
- a second portion of the ammonia flowing through the line element 44 remains in the Line element 44 and thus flows further from the connection point V1 through the line element 44.
- a second valve element 54 which can be operated in particular electrically, is arranged, which is provided in particular in addition to the valve element 50.
- an amount of ammonia to be introduced into the combustion chamber 12 by means of the line element 52 and bypassing the antechamber 34 can be adjusted, in particular controlled or regulated.
- a check valve 56 is arranged in the line element 52 upstream of the inlet channel 28 and downstream of the valve element 54, which closes, in particular independently, in the direction of the valve element 54 and thus avoids a flow of ammonia through the check valve 56 in the direction of the valve element 54 and in the direction of the inlet channel 28 opens and thus allows a flow of the ammonia flowing through the line element 52 from the valve element 54 to and into the inlet channel 28, in particular independently.
- the combustion chamber mixture comprises the aforementioned oxygen originating from the fresh air, which originates from the fresh air introduced into the combustion chamber 12 via the inlet channel 28, and the combustion chamber mixture comprises the ammonia which is introduced into the inlet channel 28 by means of the line element 52 and via the Inlet channel 28 is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 bypassing the antechamber 34.
- the flames 48 ignite the combustion chamber mixture mentioned.
- an in particular chemical reactor 58 is arranged in the line element 44, which is designed to decompose, that is to convert, a first part of the first subset of the ammonia flowing through the line element 44 remaining in the line element 44 into hydrogen (H2). to allow a second part of the first subset of the ammonia flowing through the line element 44 to pass through, so that a line part 60 of the line element 44, which extends downstream of the reactor 58 and in particular opens into the antechamber 34, in particular directly, is supplied with said hydrogen, which is supplied by means of the reactor 58 was generated and the ammonia passed through flows through it.
- the valve element 50 is arranged in the line part 60.
- the hydrogen produced by the reactor 58 and that passed ammonia is introduced directly into the antechamber 34, so that the antechamber mixture received or receivable in the antechamber 34 comprises the ammonia passed through, the hydrogen generated by the reactor 58 and also the oxygen mentioned and is ignited by means of the ignition spark in the antechamber 34.
- the connection point V1 is arranged upstream of the chemical reactor 58 in particular.
- the chemical reactor is a catalyst.
- the chemical reactor, in particular catalytic is effective for a chemical reaction by which the ammonia flowing through the reactor 58 is partially converted into hydrogen.
- a filter 62 Arranged in the line element 44 is a filter 62 through which the ammonia from the tank device 38 can flow, by means of which the ammonia flowing through the line element is filtered.
- the filter 62 is arranged downstream of the tank device 38 and upstream of the reactor 58, in particular upstream of the connection point V1.
- a heat exchanger 64 is arranged in the line element 44, which is arranged downstream of the tank device 38, in particular downstream of the filter 62, and upstream of the reactor 58, in particular upstream of the connection point V1.
- the heat exchanger 64 can be flowed through by the ammonia flowing through the line element 44 and by a particularly liquid or gaseous temperature control agent.
- the heat exchanger 64 is or functions as an evaporator, by means of which the initially liquid ammonia coming from the tank device 38 is evaporated.
- a heat transfer takes place, in which heat is transferred from the temperature control medium via the heat exchanger 64 to the ammonia flowing through the heat exchanger 64.
- ammonia is heated, so that the temperature control medium is used, for example, as a heating medium and the heat exchanger 64 functions, for example, as a heater for the ammonia or is operable or is operated.
- the ammonia 40 is contained in the tank device 38 under pressure and therefore in particular in a liquid state or liquefied.
- the ammonia 40 is conveyed or passed from the tank device 38 with or without a pump through the filter 62 and the heat exchanger 64 to the reactor 58, also known as a cracker.
- the heat exchanger 64 is used to control the temperature of the ammonia flowing through the heat exchanger 64, in particular in such a way that a reaction temperature, in particular of the ammonia, is set in the reactor 58.
- the temperature control agent can be, for example, water or exhaust gas, in particular the exhaust gas to be used from the internal combustion engine 10.
- an electrical heating element for in particular electrical heating of the line element 44 ammonia flowing through can be provided.
- the temperature control agent can, for example, be a temperature control agent for cooling recirculated exhaust gas.
- the internal combustion engine 10 can therefore include exhaust gas recirculation, by means of which at least part of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 10 is recirculated.
- the reactor 58 decomposes the aforementioned first part of the ammonia (NH3) into or into nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2).
- the proportion of hydrogen in fuel in the line part 60 is 0 to 20 percent mole fraction, that is, for example, greater than 0 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent Molar fraction.
- the valve element 54 designed for example as a main injector, meters a main flow of ammonia directly into the inlet channel 28 and/or directly into the combustion chamber 12, the main flow being formed, for example, by the aforementioned first subset.
- the valve element 50 functions as a prechamber injector, which meters the fuel mixture directly into the prechamber 34, in particular as a partial flow.
- the prechamber mixture in the prechamber 34 is a rich mixture (A ⁇ 1.0).
- the combustion chamber mixture is a lean mixture (A > 1.0).
- the advantage is that hydrogen lowers the ignition temperature and accelerates combustion due to its high burning rate. Only the second subset that flows through the reactor 58 is decomposed by means of the reactor 58, the first subset that flows through the Line element 52 flows is not decomposed.
- the antechamber 34 multiplies the ignition energy for the combustion chamber 12, resulting in rapid combustion and high efficiency. In particular, complete burnout can be achieved, which means that ammonia slip can be prevented.
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the line element 52 is omitted.
- a branch line 66 branches off, in particular directly in front of the reactor 58, in which the valve element 54 and the check valve 56 are arranged.
- part of the hydrogen obtained by means of the reactor 58 and part of the ammonia passed through by the reactor 58 can be branched off from the reactor 58 and introduced into the combustion chamber 12 bypassing the antechamber 34, in the present case via the inlet channel 28, in such a way that the ammonia flowing through the branch line 66 and the hydrogen flowing through the branch line 66, both coming from the reactor 58, are introduced directly into the inlet channel 28 by means of the branch line 66 and via this into the combustion chamber 12, thereby bypassing the antechamber 34.
- the fuel mixture that is to say the hydrogen forming the fuel mixture and the ammonia forming the fuel mixture, are or together form, for example, a partial fuel mass which has a molar proportion of 0 to 20 percent or greater than 0 and less than or equal to 20 percent molar proportion of a total fuel mass, which, for example is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 and the antechamber 34 viewed together within the respective working cycle.
- Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the internal combustion engine. Basically, the third embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment with the difference that the reactor 58 is not arranged in the line element 44.
- the line element 44 is provided, through which the ammonia 40 from the tank device 38 can flow.
- the reactor 58 is arranged in the line element 44.
- the reactor 58 is in the fourth embodiment designed to decompose a first part of the ammonia 40 flowing through the line element 44 and originating from the tank device 38 into hydrogen and to let a second part of the ammonia flowing through the line element 44 pass through, so that the ammonia passed through by means of the line element 44 and the ammonia passed through by means of the reactor 58 Hydrogen obtained or produced can be introduced or introduced into the combustion chamber 12 bypassing the antechamber 34.
- the line element 44 opens directly into the inlet channel 28, so that the ammonia passed through and the hydrogen produced by means of the reactor 58, thus a fuel mixture which contains the ammonia which the reactor 58 passes through and the hydrogen which is produced by means of the reactor 58 is generated from the ammonia originating from the tank device 38, is introduced directly into the inlet channel 28.
- the fuel mixture can then flow through at least part of the inlet channel 28 and flow into the combustion chamber 12 via the inlet channel 28 and thus bypasses the antechamber 34.
- the line element 44 could flow the fuel mixture bypassing the antechamber 34 and also bypassing it of the inlet channel 28 directly into the combustion chamber 12, in particular introduced, for example in such a way that the line element 44 opens directly into the combustion chamber 12, in particular bypassing the inlet channel 28 and bypassing the antechamber 34.
- ammonia was considered to have a high ignition temperature and a low burning rate. This can result in poor burnout of the prechamber mixture or the combustion chamber mixture. The consequences of this can be low efficiency and ammonia slip and thus ammonia emissions.
- the antechamber 34 multiplies the ignition energy of the ignition device 46, which is designed, for example, as a spark plug.
- the prechamber mixture ignited and thus ignited in the antechamber 34 by means of the ignition device 46 flows over the overflow openings 36 into the combustion chamber 12 (pre-combustion chamber) and ignites the combustion chamber mixture there over a large area.
- a high level of efficiency can therefore be achieved and excessive ammonia slip and thus excessive ammonia emissions can be avoided.
- ammonia NH3 can be decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen. Hydrogen has a low ignition temperature and a high burning rate, especially compared to ammonia.
- the combustion properties of the prechamber mixture or the combustion chamber mixture, wherein the combustion chamber mixture or the prechamber mixture can include the hydrogen obtained by means of the reactor 58 as well as the ammonia and, for example, nitrogen, can be adjusted so that the combustion behaves advantageously in terms of efficiency and ammonia slip or ammonia emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions.
- FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of a line area 68.
- the line area 68 can in particular be a line or length area of the line element 44.
- the reactor 58 and, for example, the heat exchanger 64 are arranged in the line area 68.
- a full flow is provided; in other words, in the first embodiment, the reactor 58 is designed as a full flow reactor.
- a simple structure and a simple control or regulation of the internal combustion engine 10 can be realized. In addition, low sales rates are sufficient.
- Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of the line area 68.
- the reactor 58 is designed as a partial flow reactor.
- the internal combustion engine 10 has a bypass line 70, which is fluidly connected to the line element 44 at a first connection point V1 and at a second connection point V2.
- the connection point V1 is arranged upstream of the reactor 58 and downstream of the tank device 38, in particular downstream of the heat exchanger 64.
- the connection point V2 is arranged downstream of the reactor 58 and upstream of the antechamber 34 or the combustion chamber 12 and/or the inlet channel 28.
- bypass line 70 By means of the bypass line 70, at least or exclusively a part, a first subset, of the ammonia flowing through the line element 44, which comes from the tank device 38, can be branched off from the line element 44 at the first connection point V1 and introduced into the bypass line 70.
- the ammonia branched off and introduced into the bypass line 70 flows through the bypass line 70 and is guided to the flowing V2 by means of the bypass line 70, bypassing the reactor 58, and introduced back into the line element 44 at the connection point V2.
- This means that the ammonia flowing through the bypass line 70 does not flow through the reactor 58 and is therefore not decomposed into hydrogen by the reactor 58.
- the reactor 58 can be advantageously made small and excessive energy consumption can be avoided.
- An advantageously precise setting of an advantageous reaction temperature, in particular of the ammonia, in the reactor 58 makes it possible to set respective, in particular different, conversion rates of a particularly chemical reaction, in the context of or through which the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and in particular also nitrogen.
- the reaction temperature is advantageously regulated.
- Another advantage of full flow is that the ammonia can be completely converted into or into hydrogen.
- An advantage of the partial flow is that particularly high conversion rates of the reactor 58 or in the reactor 58 can be achieved, whereby a particularly advantageous mixing ratio of the fuel mixture can be set downstream of the reactor 58, in particular by adjusting, in particular regulating, the reaction temperature.
- the reactor 58 has an electrical heating element, so that the reactor 58 can be heated electrically, for example.
- This can, for example, Reaction temperature can be advantageously set, in particular regulated.
- the electrical heating element is or comprises, for example, an electrically heatable disk, which is arranged in particular at an inlet of the reactor 58, which is designed, for example, as a catalyst.
- the electrical heating element in particular in the form of the electrically heatable disk, responds quickly and thus enables precise adjustment, in particular regulation, of the reaction temperature, in particular of the ammonia and/or in the reactor 58.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022107928.7A DE102022107928B4 (de) | 2022-04-04 | 2022-04-04 | Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2023/058237 WO2023194188A1 (de) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-03-30 | Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug |
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| EP4505054A1 true EP4505054A1 (de) | 2025-02-12 |
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| EP23716794.5A Pending EP4505054A1 (de) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-03-30 | Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4505054A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022107928B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023194188A1 (de) |
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| DE102023211152A1 (de) * | 2023-11-10 | 2025-05-15 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verbrennungsmotor sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors |
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| JPH05332152A (ja) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-12-14 | Koji Korematsu | アンモニア燃焼エンジン |
| JP6078056B2 (ja) | 2012-05-15 | 2017-02-08 | 政晴 石本 | アンモニアエンジン |
| CZ308272B6 (cs) * | 2017-07-04 | 2020-04-08 | ÄŚeskĂ© vysokĂ© uÄŤenĂ technickĂ© v Praze | Zážehový plynový spalovací motor |
| NO343554B1 (no) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-04-01 | Lars Harald Heggen | Nullutslipps fremdriftssystem og generatoranlegg med ammoniakk som brennstoff |
| WO2019079000A1 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | ACCELERATED OPERATION OF ALCOHOL-FUELED GASOLINE ENGINES |
| CN112796870A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-14 | 天津大学 | 用于点燃式发动机的双喷射式湍流射流点火预燃室装置 |
| CA3203636A1 (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-27 | Nikolaus Spyra | Internal combustion engine |
| CN114233465B (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2026-02-10 | 天津大学 | 氨燃料燃烧系统、发动机及燃烧控制方法 |
| CN114427494A (zh) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-03 | 上海交通大学 | 一种双燃料发动机系统及点火方法 |
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2022
- 2022-04-04 DE DE102022107928.7A patent/DE102022107928B4/de active Active
-
2023
- 2023-03-30 EP EP23716794.5A patent/EP4505054A1/de active Pending
- 2023-03-30 WO PCT/EP2023/058237 patent/WO2023194188A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022107928A1 (de) | 2023-10-05 |
| WO2023194188A1 (de) | 2023-10-12 |
| DE102022107928B4 (de) | 2023-11-30 |
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