EP4504453A1 - Dispositif de ventilation pour meule abrasive et meule abrasive comprenant un tel dispositif de ventilation - Google Patents
Dispositif de ventilation pour meule abrasive et meule abrasive comprenant un tel dispositif de ventilationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4504453A1 EP4504453A1 EP23719008.7A EP23719008A EP4504453A1 EP 4504453 A1 EP4504453 A1 EP 4504453A1 EP 23719008 A EP23719008 A EP 23719008A EP 4504453 A1 EP4504453 A1 EP 4504453A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- abrasive wheel
- ventilation device
- wheel
- hub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
- B25F5/008—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions, e.g. with radial slots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/44—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding rims of vehicle wheels, e.g. for bicycles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ventilation device for an abrasive wheel and an abrasive wheel comprising such a ventilation device, more specifically an abrasive wheel for retreading tires.
- the abrasive wheels are thus changed prematurely, before complete wear of the abrasive grain, because the abrasive surface is saturated with abraded particles.
- the abrasive surface is therefore no longer sufficiently effective and causes the surface to be abraded to heat up too quickly, potentially causing fires to start.
- An abrasive wheel is commonly formed of a circular body equipped with a hub at its center, the outer periphery of the circular body is extended by a border arranged perpendicular to the circular body, the outer surface of the border of which is covered with an abrasive material.
- openings are provided in the circular body, creating an admission of air through its openings and an exhaust of air towards the open part of the grinding wheel, in the direction of the wheel drive axis.
- the air flow inside the grinding wheel does not really contribute to cooling either the abrasive surface or the surface to be abraded.
- the orifices arranged in the edge of the grinding wheel do not themselves carry enough abraded particles inside the grinding wheel, to limit clogging of the abrasive surface.
- Document WO2018/177541 proposes directing the air flow inside the grinding wheel towards the lower surface of the edge, by creating cutouts in the circular body of the grinding wheel, constituted by openings and the counterparts of these openings forming tongues folded inwards.
- the present invention proposes a ventilation device capable of being integrated into an abrasive wheel, making it possible to create significant air flows capable of cooling the abrasive surface and the surface to be abraded, making it possible to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the ventilation device is capable of occupying substantially the entire interior space of an abrasive wheel.
- the ventilation device is capable of creating air flows creating zones of turbulence as close as possible to the interior surface opposite the abrasive exterior surface of an abrasive wheel.
- the at least one blade has a shape capable of creating an air suction flow from the interior surface towards the interior space of the abrasive wheel.
- the at least one blade has a shape capable of creating a flow of air directed towards the interior surface and of being expelled through the orifices of the abrasive wheel.
- the invention also relates to an abrasive grinding wheel comprising a hollow circular body, a hub capable of being fixed to a drive motor shaft, the circular body comprising an abrasive exterior surface which comprises orifices and an interior surface, the body circular comprising an interior space delimited by the interior surface, characterized in that it comprises the ventilation device according to the invention.
- the at least one blade is located at a distance greater than 0.3 millimeters from the interior surface of the abrasive wheel.
- the hollow circular body comprises a circular central wall in the extension of the hub, bordered by a border perpendicular to the circular central wall, commonly called an abrasive wheel.
- the abrasive wheel comprises two hollow circular bodies assembled together, each comprising a semi-toric wall forming a torus, commonly called a donut.
- Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a ventilation device and an abrasive wheel according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 1 is a perspective view of a ventilation device assembled with an abrasive wheel.
- FIG 2 is a front view of Figure 1.
- FIG 3 is a perspective view of the ventilation device of Figure 1.
- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a ventilation device and an abrasive wheel according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 4 is a perspective view of the ventilation device assembled with an abrasive wheel.
- FIG 5 is a side view of the ventilation device of Figure 4.
- Figures 6 to 8 illustrate a ventilation device and an abrasive donut according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 6 is an exploded perspective view of a ventilation device and an abrasive donut.
- FIG 7 is an assembled perspective view of Figure 6.
- FIG 8 is a perspective view of the ventilation device of Figure 6.
- Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a ventilation device and an abrasive dome according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 9 is an exploded perspective view of a ventilation device and an abrasive dome.
- FIG. 9 is an assembled front view of Figure 9.
- Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a ventilation device and an abrasive wheel according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 11 is a perspective view of a ventilation device assembled with an abrasive wheel.
- FIG 12 is a perspective view of the ventilation device of Figure 11.
- FIG 13 illustrates temperature measurements of the outer surface of the abrasive wheel in action, as a function of time, during the operation of abrasion of the outer surface of a tire with an abrasive wheel and a ventilation device as shown in Figure 11, as well as with an abrasive wheel without the ventilation device.
- the ventilation device (1) according to the invention is an independent part intended to be secured to an abrasive wheel (4).
- a circular abrasive wheel (4) is commonly in the form of a wheel, a torus or a dome, as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
- the ventilation device (1) is intended to cool the abrasive exterior surface (6) and the substrate to be ground, to contribute to the evacuation of abraded particles generated by the grinding process and to cleaning the wheel. , both inside the abrasive wheel (4) and to limit or even drastically reduce the clogging of the abrasive exterior surface (6) by the abraded particles.
- the abraded particles instead of gradually increasing in temperature and agglomeration in the abrasive exterior surface (6) of the grinding wheel, are subjected directly to powerful air flows, causing them to cool and harden quickly.
- the cooled and hard particles can no longer agglutinate in the abrasive exterior surface (6) of the grinding wheel, and are in particular ejected outside by the rotation of the grinding wheel, as explained in more detail in the following description.
- the ventilation device (1) thus makes it possible to improve the cleanliness of the surface to be abraded and the cleanliness of the grinding wheel as a whole.
- the shape and size of the ventilation device (1) is custom produced according to the shape and size of the abrasive wheel (4) in which it is intended to be secured.
- the ventilation device (1) being fixedly assembled to the abrasive wheel (4), it thus rotates at the same speed as the abrasive wheel (4).
- the air flows generated by the ventilation device (1) inside the abrasive wheel (4) increase as a function of the rotation speed of the motor drive shaft of a machine. tool.
- the abrasive wheel (4) maintains a capacity to cool the work surface and clean the interstitial spaces between the abrasive grains.
- a machine tool may be an electroportable machine for abrasive wheels (4) in the form of a wheel, dome or donut, or a stationary workshop machine for abrasive wheels (4) in the form of a wheel. wheel or donut.
- An abrasive wheel (4) can be open such as in the case of a wheel or a dome, or closed as part of a torus commonly called a donut.
- a torus is a so-called open torus, resembling an inner tube.
- An abrasive wheel (4) thus comprises a hollow circular body provided with a hub (5) at its center capable of being connected to a motor drive shaft of a machine tool.
- the circular body is represented by a single wall of revolution in the case of a wheel or a dome and two walls of revolution assembled in opposition for a donut.
- the hub (5) consists of a discoidal part provided with a circular opening intended to fit around the motor drive shaft of a machine tool.
- a wall of revolution of an abrasive wheel comprises a central circular wall (10) and an edge (11) located perpendicular to the outer periphery of the central circular wall (10).
- the circular central wall (10) can be confused or compared to the discoidal part of the hub (5).
- the circular central wall (10) may comprise a depression extending from the outer periphery of the discoidal part of the hub (5) to the base of the edge (11), as illustrated in Figure 1 , but it could be otherwise, a central circular wall (10) is flat.
- a wall of revolution of a dome open at its base comprises an elliptical wall whose top comprises a circular part advantageously provided with a depression directed towards the interior space of the dome.
- the circular part comprises in its center a discoidal part comprising an opening, the discoidal part and the opening constituting the hub (5), as illustrated in Figure 9.
- a wall of revolution of a donut comprises a central circular wall (10) constituted by the discoidal part of the hub (5), and a semi-toric wall (12) located at the outer periphery of the central circular wall ( 10), as illustrated in Figure 6.
- the wall of revolution comprises orifices (7) on the abrasive outer surface (6) and advantageously on the central circular wall (10), advantageously distributed regularly.
- the orifices (7) located on the abrasive exterior surface (6) are all the more essential in the context of the present invention, since they make it possible to conduct the significant air flows generated by the ventilation device ( 1), as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
- the orifices (7) in the abrasive outer surface (6) can be of any shape, such as in the form of grooves, circular or hexagonal orifices, regularly distributed on the abrasive outer surface (6).
- the ratio between the proportion of orifices (7) and the effective abrasion surface must be modulated, depending on the chosen application, for example a ratio of one third.
- the wall of revolution comprises an exterior surface and an interior surface (8).
- the exterior surface of the wall of revolution comprises at least one part which comprises an abrasive material.
- the exterior surface of the edge (11) comprises an abrasive material.
- substantially the entire exterior surface of the wall of revolution comprises an abrasive material.
- the interior surface (8) of the wall of revolution of the hollow circular body defines an interior space (9) in which the ventilation device (1) is able to be housed.
- the ventilation device (1) comprises an annular body (21, 22) and at least one blade (3) arranged radially relative to the annular body (21, 22).
- the annular body (21, 22) comprises an external circumference from which the blades (3) extend outwards.
- the ventilation device (1) is intended to be secured coaxially with the abrasive wheel (4).
- the annular body (21, 22) is a central hub (21), as illustrated in Figures 1 to 10.
- the central hub (21) is able to be secured to the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4), as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
- the annular body (21, 22) is a ring (22), as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12.
- the ring (22) is capable of being secured to the circular central wall ( 10) on the periphery of the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4), as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
- annular body (21, 22) can be in one piece, as represented in the illustrated embodiments, or be composed of several arcuate portions including their assembly to an abrasive wheel (4 ) forms an annular body (21, 22), but it could be otherwise the annular body (21, 22) is composed of an assembly of rectilinear portions whose general shape assembled with an abrasive wheel (4) forms a regular polygon having a rotation of order n, such as a hexagon, an octagon, etc.
- the number of blades (3) and their distribution around the annular body (21, 22) must of course be balanced, so that the rotation of the assembly formed by the abrasive wheel (4) and the ventilation device ( 1) is stabilized and homogeneous.
- the ventilation device (1) may comprise two, three, four, five or more blades (3), or a single blade (1), for example in the shape of a skirt, not illustrated.
- FIGS 4 and 9 illustrate ventilation devices (1) comprising five blades
- Figure 1 illustrates a ventilation device (1) comprising six blades
- Figure 6 illustrates a ventilation device (1) comprising twelve blades
- Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a ventilation device (1) comprising 16 blades.
- the central hub (21) is intended to fit around the motor drive shaft of a machine tool, and to be fixed to the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the ring (22) is intended to be fixed integrally, for example by welding or by riveting to the circular central wall (10) at the periphery of the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4), coaxially with the motor drive shaft of a machine tool.
- the integral fixing of the central hub (21) of the ventilation device (1) to the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4) can be achieved by a mechanical connection, by welding or by gluing.
- the mechanical connection of the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4) and of the central hub (21) of the ventilation device (1) to the drive motor shaft can be carried out by any means known to the area of attachment of a hub to a motor shaft, such as with a coupling adapter also called a hub-shaft locking device, for example a threaded axle and a nut, or the combination of keys and grooves, or of pins, etc.
- a coupling adapter also called a hub-shaft locking device, for example a threaded axle and a nut, or the combination of keys and grooves, or of pins, etc.
- the central hub (21) of the ventilation device (1) comprises a sleeve which fits into the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4) and fits around the drive motor shaft, as illustrated in Figure 10.
- the rotation guidance is for example achieved by the combination of bores and ribs or keys, not illustrated.
- the central hub (21) comprises a discoidal part whose inner periphery delimits the opening intended to be fitted around the drive motor shaft, and whose outer periphery is extended by blades (3) or is connected to blades (3).
- the periphery of a blade (3) requires to be close, advantageously as close as possible, to the interior surface (8) located in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the ventilation device (1) is capable of extending throughout the interior space (9) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the blades (3) extend to the interior surface (8) located in opposition to the abrasive exterior surface (6), namely are in contact with the interior surface ( 8) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the ventilation device (1) is capable of extending into substantially the entire interior space (9) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- At least part of the periphery of a blade (3) is located in the vicinity of at least part of the interior surface (8) located in opposition to the abrasive exterior surface (6).
- the average size of the abraded particles depends on the size of the abrasive grains of the abrasive surface, and is of the order of 0.1 to 1 millimeters.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) is located at a distance greater than or equal to 0 .3 millimeters, advantageously remaining close, namely in the vicinity of the interior surface (8).
- external periphery of a blade (3) is meant the end or tip of the blade (3) located furthest from the annular body (21, 22).
- Proximity to the interior surface (8) means a distance of between 0.3 millimeters and 70%, preferably 50%, more preferably 30% of the radius of the abrasive wheel, or of the radius of the base. of a dome, or the diameter of the torus of a donut, depending on the required use and the diameter of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) is located at a distance less than or equal to 70% , preferably 50%, more preferably 30% of the radius of the abrasive wheel, or of the radius of the base of a dome, or of the diameter of the torus of a donut.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6), is located at a distance less than or equal to 50% of the radius of the abrasive wheel, or the radius of the base of a dome, or the diameter of the torus of a donut.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6), is located at a distance less than or equal to 30% of the radius of the abrasive wheel, or the radius of the base of a dome, or the diameter of the torus of a donut.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) is located at a distance between 0, 3 millimeters and 70%, preferably 50%, more preferably 30% of the radius of the abrasive wheel.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) is located at a distance between 0, 3 millimeters and 70%, preferably 50%, more preferably 30% of the radius of the base of a dome.
- the outer periphery of a blade (3) located opposite the inner surface (8) arranged in opposition to the abrasive outer surface (6) is located at a distance between 0, 3 millimeters and 70%, preferably 50%, more preferably 30% of the diameter of the torus of a donut.
- the general profile of the ventilation device (1) can be planar or include a depression at the periphery of the annular body (21, 22) in order to adapt to the possible depression of the circular central wall (10) of the abrasive wheel (4). Any depression in the ventilation device (1) is shown by the profile of the blades (3).
- the profile of a blade (3) can be flat or curved.
- Figures 6 to 8 illustrate a donut-shaped abrasive wheel (4) and a ventilation device (1) comprising blades (3) arranged perpendicular to the central hub (21).
- the ventilation device (1) comprises a central hub (21) constituted by a discoidal part and flat blades (3) arranged perpendicular to the part discoidal of the central hub (21).
- the blades (3) are discs welded perpendicular to the central hub (21).
- the abrasive wheel (4) is a dome and the ventilation device (1) comprises a central hub (21) and blades (3) arranged perpendicular to the central hub (21). ).
- the abrasive wheel (4) is a wheel comprising a depression extending from the outer periphery of the discoidal part of the hub (5) to the base of the edge (11), the device ventilation (1) comprises a central hub (21) and blades (3) arranged perpendicular to the central hub (21).
- the abrasive wheel (4) is a dome and the ventilation device (1) comprises flat blades (3) oriented at 45° relative to the central hub (21). ).
- the blades (3) are in the vicinity of the interior surface (8) of the dome, namely that the blades (3) are not in contact with the interior surface (8) of the abrasive wheel (4).
- the abrasive wheel (4) is a wheel comprising a depression extending from the outer periphery of the discoidal part of the hub (5) to the base of the edge (11), the ventilation device (1) comprises a central hub (21) and curved blades (3) whose profile is intended to adapt to the depression of the abrasive wheel.
- the leading edge of a blade (3) is oriented towards the interior surface (8) of the central part (10), the trailing edge of a blade (3) is oriented towards the opening of the abrasive wheel (4), and the end of a blade (3) is oriented facing the interior surface (8) of the edge (11).
- the abrasive wheel (4) is an abrasive wheel comprising a depression extending from the outer periphery of the discoidal part of the hub (5) to the base of the edge (11), the ventilation device (1) comprises a central hub (21) and V-shaped blades (3) oriented counterclockwise and arranged in the depression of the abrasive wheel (4) .
- a blade (3) comprises a descending flat part oriented radially relative to the central hub (21), a flat part parallel to the discoidal part of the central hub (21) and a flat part rising oriented counterclockwise following the curvature of the periphery of the discoidal part of the central hub (21).
- the descending flat part comprises an opening and a fin, the fin being the counterpart of the opening, which is folded inwards towards the interior surface of the central part circular (10).
- This opening and this tab help to drive the air flow along the rising flat part.
- the fins also contribute to forming turbulence in the center of the wheel, preventing the deposit of abrasive particles within the abrasive wheel (4), promoting its internal cleaning.
- the ventilation device (1) comprises a ring (22) whose annular wall extends radially outwards through blades (3).
- a blade (3) is composed of a branch which extends radially coplanar with respect to the outer circumference of the ring (22), and is extended by a flat wall oriented at 45° to the branch.
- the ring (22) comprises fixing orifices regularly distributed on its annular wall.
- the fixing holes are capable of being secured to the circular central wall (10) at the periphery of the hub (5) of the abrasive wheel (4) by riveting.
- the circular central wall (10) comprising complementary fixing holes, not shown, to those of the ventilation device (1).
- Abrasion tests as illustrated in Figure 13, of a surface of a tire were carried out using an abrasive wheel and the ventilation device (1) conforming to that illustrated in Figure 11, as well as with only an abrasive wheel without a ventilation device, as a control test. These tests were carried out by exerting a substantially continuous force for 330 seconds. Temperature measurements of the exterior surface of the grinding wheel were carried out using an infrared thermometer. Temperature measurements were taken with an interval of 15 seconds. Temperature measurements take into account the differential with the ambient temperature, i.e. the first measurement has a temperature equal to zero degrees Celsius. The pressure exerted by the tool on the surface of the tire was deliberately as strong as possible given the resistance of the machine tool, so as to increase friction and the rise in temperature. The tire matrix was almost pierced in several places.
- the abrasive wheel without a ventilation device has a deposit of abraded particles covering the entire interior surface of the grinding wheel.
- the control test is relatively short, compared to actual use, the abrasive surface of the control wheel still shows a significant accumulation of abrasive particles.
- suction or blowing phenomena of air flow towards the abrasive surface can be used.
- the rise in temperature of the substrate to be abraded makes the soft and sticky particles which agglomerate in the interstices of the abrasive exterior surface (6), making the abrasive wheel (4) unusable.
- the ventilation device (1) creates powerful air flows, which allow the abraded particles, the abrasive surface and the surface to be abraded to maintain a low temperature.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2203188A FR3134326B1 (fr) | 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-07 | Dispositif de ventilation pour meule abrasive et meule abrasive comprenant un tel dispositif de ventilation |
| PCT/EP2023/059299 WO2023194596A1 (fr) | 2022-04-07 | 2023-04-06 | Dispositif de ventilation pour meule abrasive et meule abrasive comprenant un tel dispositif de ventilation |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4504453A1 true EP4504453A1 (fr) | 2025-02-12 |
| EP4504453C0 EP4504453C0 (fr) | 2026-03-11 |
| EP4504453B1 EP4504453B1 (fr) | 2026-03-11 |
Family
ID=82019247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23719008.7A Active EP4504453B1 (fr) | 2022-04-07 | 2023-04-06 | Dispositif de ventilation pour meule abrasive et meule abrasive comprenant un tel dispositif de ventilation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4504453B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3134326B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023194596A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3406489A (en) | 1966-12-22 | 1968-10-22 | Dexco Corp | Abrading wheel structure |
| US3579928A (en) | 1969-07-14 | 1971-05-25 | Gerhard R Held | Self-air cooling abrading wheel |
| US3916579A (en) | 1975-02-10 | 1975-11-04 | Tunco Manufacturing Inc | Slotted abrasive wheel |
| US5609516A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-03-11 | Courson; Michael W. | Rotating abrader with polygonal pad and dust evacuation |
| MX2019011498A (es) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-11-01 | B & J Rocket Sales Ag | Rueda abrasiva mejorada. |
| JP7465579B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-30 | 2024-04-11 | 桂林創源金剛石有限公司 | ツール冷却機構 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-07 FR FR2203188A patent/FR3134326B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-04-06 WO PCT/EP2023/059299 patent/WO2023194596A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-06 EP EP23719008.7A patent/EP4504453B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3134326B1 (fr) | 2024-03-15 |
| WO2023194596A1 (fr) | 2023-10-12 |
| EP4504453C0 (fr) | 2026-03-11 |
| EP4504453B1 (fr) | 2026-03-11 |
| FR3134326A1 (fr) | 2023-10-13 |
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