EP4499414A1 - Folie, folienbeschichteter artikel und verfahren zur herstellung eines folienbeschichteten artikels - Google Patents
Folie, folienbeschichteter artikel und verfahren zur herstellung eines folienbeschichteten artikelsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4499414A1 EP4499414A1 EP23710268.6A EP23710268A EP4499414A1 EP 4499414 A1 EP4499414 A1 EP 4499414A1 EP 23710268 A EP23710268 A EP 23710268A EP 4499414 A1 EP4499414 A1 EP 4499414A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- film
- polyurethane
- adhesion promoter
- coated article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/17—Dry transfer
- B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14311—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14688—Coating articles provided with a decoration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14827—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using a transfer foil detachable from the insert
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
- B29C45/0055—Shaping
- B29C2045/0058—Shaping removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a film, a film-coated article and a method for producing a film-coated article.
- Film-coated articles are known in the art as injection molded articles.
- IMD Inmold Decoration
- the embossing foil is inserted into an open injection mold, with the decorative layer of the embossing foil facing an upper part of the mold.
- the injection mold is closed and liquid injection molding material is injected through an injection channel into the cavity of the injection mold, with the embossing foil nestling against the visible side of the injected molded part.
- the embossing foil combines its decorative layer with the injection molding material, which is removed from the injection mold after hardening.
- Injection molded articles decorated in this way are used in particular in automotive interior parts such as door strips, strips in instrument panels, gear lever covers and center console covers, and in automotive exterior parts such as Door impact protection strips and covers on A, B and C pillars, in the audio and video sector for decorative strips on radio and television housings, and in the telecommunications sector for housing shells of mobile devices such as cell phones or navigation devices.
- Insert molding is a combined process of hot stamping, vacuum forming and casting, especially injection molding. Compared to the IMD process, insert molding offers the possibility of deforming the film more. This is an advantage if, for example: B. highly profiled and shaped parts are required.
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- This hot-stamped carrier is vacuum formed under heat.
- the vacuum-formed layers of hot stamping foil and carrier form the so-called “insert” and are cut or punched with precise contours.
- the “insert” is positioned in an injection mold, the mold is filled with plastic (the “insert” is back-injected), then the decorated injection molded article is removed from the injection mold.
- the flooding of objects for example injection molded articles, using polyurethane (PU) is also known from the prior art.
- PU polyurethane
- an object to be coated is positioned in a tool that has two tool halves. A first tool half holds the object to be coated and a second tool half forms a slightly larger cavity than the object to be coated.
- PU is introduced into this gap and the object to be coated is flooded with PU.
- Two-component PU systems (2K-PU) are also known, which harden within seconds of mixing the components before and/or immediately during flooding. When the tool opens, the PU is already sufficiently hard.
- the international patent application WO 2019/034361 A2 discloses a film-coated article produced by injection molding with a thermoplastic material, in which additional surface protection is applied to the film coating by flooding with polyurethane.
- the invention is based on the task of eliminating the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a simple and inexpensive process for producing a film-coated article as well as a film suitable for this process and a corresponding film-coated article are to be provided.
- the film-coated article should in particular have a high quality or surface quality.
- this object is achieved by a film according to the subject matter of claim 1, by a film-coated article according to the subject matter of claim 14 and by a method according to the subject matter of claim 26.
- Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
- a film for coating with polyurethane, in particular for flooding with polyurethane.
- the film comprises at least one adhesion promoter layer.
- the film comprises a protective layer and/or a carrier layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer is designed for the addition of polyurethane.
- the film preferably comprises several adhesion promoter layers, particularly preferably two or three adhesion promoter layers.
- the several adhesion promoter layers preferably follow one another directly.
- the adhesion promoter layer is preferably made up of several layers.
- the adhesion promoter layer can be designed in one or more layers.
- the adhesion promoter layer is particularly preferably designed in two or three layers.
- protective layer is understood to mean, in particular, a layer that protects against chemical and/or mechanical influences, in particular external influences.
- a protective layer preferably forms an outer layer of the film and/or the transfer layer.
- the film comprises at least one decorative layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer is arranged on the side of the at least one decorative layer facing away from the protective layer and/or the carrier layer.
- the carrier layer preferably has a layer thickness of between 10 pm and 100 pm, preferably between 23 pm and 75 pm.
- the carrier layer can be designed as an endless film or as a single sheet of film or as a sheet of film.
- a film sheet or such a film sheet can be obtained from a previously existing endless film by separating it.
- the carrier layer is preferably removed again during the production of the film-coated article.
- the protective layer can be formed from a protective varnish.
- the protective layer preferably has a layer thickness of between 0.1 pm and 20 pm, preferably between 1 pm and 3 pm.
- the carrier layer additionally comprises a release layer.
- the release layer preferably has a layer thickness of 0.1 nm to 50 nm.
- the release layer is arranged on the side of the carrier layer facing the transfer layer.
- the release layer preferably comprises or consists of at least one wax.
- the release layer may additionally or alternatively comprise or consist of one or more polymers.
- the film-coated article comprises a film according to the invention, or the transfer layer of the film according to the invention designed as a transfer film, and a polyurethane layer cast onto the adhesion promoter layer.
- the polyurethane layer is cast or flooded by flooding the film with polyurethane.
- the polyurethane layer can be a solvent-containing and polyurethane-containing composition and in particular has several components, selected individually or in combination from polyol, isocyanate, catalyst, release agent, additive.
- the film-coated article is preferably dimensionally stable.
- the term “area” refers in particular to a defined area of a layer or film or layer in the plane formed by the respective layer and/or film and/or layer understood.
- the polyurethane layer has at least a first region and at least a second region, with each of the two or more regions each occupying a defined area in the plane formed by the polyurethane layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer can have at least a first region and at least a second region, with each of the two or more regions each occupying a defined area in the plane formed by the adhesion promoter layer.
- the at least one decorative layer can have at least a first region and at least a second region, with each of the two or more regions each occupying a defined area in the plane formed by the at least one decorative layer.
- the respective layers, films or layers preferably extend parallel to one another.
- the adhesion promoter layer preferably extends parallel to the at least one decorative layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer preferably extends parallel to the polyurethane layer.
- the areal extent of a layer or film or layer is preferably understood to mean the extent of the plane formed by the respective layer and/or film and/or layer.
- the areal extent of the respective layer and/or film and/or layer includes in particular a longitudinal and/or transverse extent of the respective layer, film and/or layer.
- form cavity 1 can be understood in two different ways in the present application.
- a mold cavity may be formed as a tool or formed in a tool to form a cavity or cavity corresponding to a desired shape of the film-coated article.
- By flooding or flooding with This cavity is filled with the polyurethane-forming mixture.
- the desired shape of the film-coated article is formed in a mechanically stable manner and the film-coated article can be removed from the cavity.
- the term “mold cavity” is to be understood specifically in one of the two ways, the term “tool forming the mold cavity” or “cavity formed by the mold cavity” is used, for example.
- hardening or “hardening” is preferably understood to mean the transition from a liquid or plastically deformable state to a solid state of a substance or mixture of substances under standard conditions (temperature: 25 ° C, pressure: 1013 mbar).
- the process of hardening or hardening can preferably be carried out by cooling, i.e. by reducing the temperature below the freezing point and/or below the glass transition temperature of a substance or mixture of substances and/or by physical drying, i.e. by removing at least one liquid component, for example solvent, and/or or by chemical reaction, for example by chain polymerization, polyaddition and/or polycondensation.
- cooling i.e. by reducing the temperature below the freezing point and/or below the glass transition temperature of a substance or mixture of substances
- physical drying i.e. by removing at least one liquid component, for example solvent, and/or or by chemical reaction, for example by chain polymerization, polyaddition and/or polycondensation.
- polymeric component and/or precursor thereof is preferably understood to mean a substance or mixture of substances which has at least one, preferably organic, polymer and/or at least one precursor thereof.
- polymer is preferably understood to mean a substance that is made up of preferably at least 10 structural units, so-called constitutional repeating units, which can be the same or different from one another and, by chemical reaction, preferably chain polymerization, polyaddition and/or polycondensation, the at least one organic Form polymer.
- constitutional repeating unit KRE is the smallest repeating group of atoms within a polymer.
- a polymer within the meaning of the invention can be unbranched or branched.
- precursor of a polymeric component is preferably understood to mean monomers or monomer mixtures as well as oligomers and mixtures thereof, which can each combine to form the corresponding unbranched or branched polymer, preferably by chemical reaction, more preferably chain polymerization, polyaddition and/or polycondensation.
- reactive functional group is preferably understood to mean a functional group that can participate in the formation of the corresponding unbranched or branched polymer through chemical reaction, more preferably chain polymerization, polyaddition and/or polycondensation.
- oligomer is preferably understood to mean a substance that is made up of preferably 2 to 9 constitutional repeating units, which can be the same or different from one another and are preferably composed of chemical reaction, more preferably chain polymerization, polyaddition and / or polycondensation, can combine to form an unbranched or branched polymer.
- cured polymeric component is preferably understood to mean a polymeric substance or a mixture of polymeric substances which has a solid state under standard conditions (temperature: 25°C, pressure: 1013 mbar) and is preferably not plastically deformable.
- the film is preferably introduced into the mold cavity in such a way that the adhesion promoter layer faces the cavity formed by the mold cavity, in particular that the adhesion promoter layer directly adjoins the cavity formed by the mold cavity.
- the polyurethane-forming mixture can be a solvent-containing and polyurethane-containing composition and in particular have several components, selected individually or in combination from polyol, isocyanate, catalyst, release agent, additive.
- a chemical reaction starts when the mixture is provided in step d).
- the chemical reaction is preferably an exothermic reaction.
- the chemical reaction is preferably a crosslinking reaction, in which molecular polymer chains are preferably formed. Cross-links preferably form between the polymer chains.
- Polyurethane is preferably formed in the crosslinking reaction.
- step d) takes place immediately before step e), that is, the components forming the mixture are mixed with one another immediately before injection into the mold cavity.
- the chemical reaction starts by mixing the two polyurethane-forming components, polyol and isocyanate.
- a crosslinking reaction preferably takes place to form the molecular polymer chains.
- the crosslinking reaction is preferably exothermic.
- the polyol and isocyanate components remain separated before the mixing process and are only brought together immediately before injection into the mold cavity according to step e). This allows a premature chemical reaction to be avoided. This advantageously allows the rheological flow properties of the mixture to be maintained for injection into the mold cavity in step e).
- the mixture is thin when injected into the mold cavity in step e).
- the viscosity at the start of injection into the mold cavity according to step e) is in a range between 100 mPas to 300 mPas, preferably 120 mPas to 200 mPas, at a temperature of the mixture of 40 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably at a temperature of the mixture from 50°C to 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of the mixture from 60°C to 70°C.
- the viscosity of the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer that forms preferably increases as the chemical crosslinking reaction progresses to the end of the chemical reaction.
- the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer that forms hardens as the chemical crosslinking reaction progresses.
- a fully cured polyurethane layer is formed at the end of the chemical reaction.
- the mixture provided in step d) preferably has reactive groups. Particularly preferably, the mixture provided in step d) has at least two reactive groups, preferably three or more reactive groups.
- the respective components of the mixture each have at least two reactive groups, preferably three or more reactive groups.
- the polyol preferably has at least two reactive groups, preferably three or more reactive groups.
- the isocyanate preferably has at least two reactive groups, preferably three or more reactive groups.
- the reactive groups can preferably be free reactive groups and/or capped reactive groups which release the corresponding reactive group again at a temperature in the range from 30 ° C to 180 ° C.
- the presence of three or more reactive groups preferably enables the formation of crosslinks to form the polyurethane layer.
- frlooding in the sense of the present application can mean flooding, underflooding, flooding and/or flooding. Different orientations of the film in the mold cavity are therefore possible.
- the film is at least partially covered by the mixture on its side delimited by the adhesion promoter layer.
- frlooding will be used in particular below. The meanings mentioned above can be read along.
- the polyurethane layer is preferably applied to the adhesion promoter layer in step e) by at least partially flooding and/or pouring over the film on its side delimited by the adhesion promoter layer with at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition and subsequent curing.
- flowable polyurethane-containing composition is preferably understood to mean a polyurethane-containing composition which preferably has a dynamic viscosity in the range from 2 mPas to 1500 mPas, preferably from 10 mPas to 1000 mPas, more preferably from 10 mPas, at a temperature of 25 ° C to 500 mPas, preferably determined according to the method described in DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10, for example using a HAAKE Viscotester® VT550, more preferably using a cylinder measuring device NV and a measuring cup NV.
- the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition preferably also has free, reactive groups, preferably free isocyanate groups or free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups, and/or corresponding capped, reactive groups which release the corresponding reactive group again at a temperature in the range from 30° C. to 180° C.
- free isocyanate groups contained in the adhesion promoter layer can therefore, for example, be mixed with free groups which are reactive towards isocyanate groups and are used for production react with the solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used in the polyurethane layer.
- the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane-containing dispersions, polyurethane-containing resins, polyurethane solutions, compositions of polyurethane precursors (2K-PLIR systems) and mixtures thereof , which preferably also contain free, reactive groups, preferably isocyanate groups or groups reactive towards isocyanate groups and/or corresponding capped, reactive groups, which at a temperature from a range of 30 ° C to 180 ° C the corresponding reactive group again release, have.
- the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition can be as described above, as compositions of polyurethane precursors (2K-PLIR systems), in particular as a mixture of at least one of the aforementioned compounds with two or more isocyanate groups and at least one of the aforementioned compounds which has two or more groups reactive toward isocyanate groups the adhesion promoter layer can be applied, preferably using either the at least one compound with two or more isocyanate groups or the at least one compound that has two or more groups reactive towards isocyanate groups in a molar excess.
- the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer has at least one organic solvent, for example ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, acetone, toluene, xylenes or mixtures thereof.
- At least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer, which comprises the aforementioned isocyanate prepolymers is anhydrous.
- the aforementioned blocked isocyanate prepolymers can be present as an aqueous dispersion.
- a polyurethane layer used to produce a polyurethane layer has at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition, which contains the aforementioned prepolymers with free groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups and which can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, the aforementioned prepolymers with capped groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups, which may be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, or mixtures thereof, water and/or at least one organic solvent, for example ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, acetone, toluene, xylenes or mixtures thereof.
- solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition which contains the aforementioned prepolymers with free groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups and which can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, the aforementioned prepolymers with capped groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups, which may be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, or mixtures thereof, water and/or at least one organic solvent, for example
- the polyurethane precursors for example polyol-containing and isocyanate-containing components, are preferably stored separately and are only brought together in the mixing head when required.
- the heat of reaction generated during the reaction of the polyurethane precursors preferably results in heating to a temperature of 60°C to 180°C, preferably 80°C to 120°C.
- the surfaces or walls of the mold cavity can also preferably have a temperature in a range from 40 ° C to 160 ° C, preferably in a range from 80 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the polyurethane layer can be applied to the at least one adhesion promoter layer in step e) by open flooding or flooding in a casting tool.
- the surface tension of the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer is preferably used in the outer edge area of the component to be flooded, with the polyurethane layer without a shape that defines the tool contour is flooded onto the component.
- Hardening is preferably carried out by appropriate storage, preferably for a period of 2 s to 60 s, of the flooded component at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the filling of the at least one solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer is preferably carried out via a mixing head, preferably at a pressure of less than 10 bar.
- a first curing phase can be initiated by applying heat to the mold, for example at a temperature of 60 ° C to 160 ° C, preferably for a period of 60 s to 600 s.
- the component is preferably stored for residual curing for approximately 24 hours before further use.
- Groups in the respective layer have more than 95% networking.
- the polyurethane layer can be modified and/or structured, preferably by inserting/placing particles on the adhesion promoter layer after step c) and/or by using tool structures during the application in step e) and/or by subsequent processing of the polyurethane layer using process steps individually or in combination selected from laser processing, overprinting, hot stamping, cold stamping, blind stamping, mechanical processing.
- coarse structures and fine structures can exist together as a tool structure and so in the Polyurethane layer can be molded.
- the depth of the relief structures can be between 1 pm and the maximum wall thickness of the polyurethane layer, in particular between 1 pm and 30 mm, preferably between 1 pm and 15 mm.
- a modification of the polyurethane layer and/or the adhesion promoter layer can take place in register with design features and/or motifs already present in the transfer layer and/or in the decorative layer.
- a surface structure can be arranged in register with a wood grain, in particular of the decorative layer, and/or a tactile and/or optically perceptible structure can be arranged in register with a motif, in particular in the decorative layer.
- the structures mentioned can, for example, be produced by process steps selected individually or multiple times or in combination from the use of tool structures during application in step e), laser processing, overprinting, overembossing, mechanical processing.
- Registered accuracy means a positional accuracy of two or more layers, elements, areas and/or layers relative to one another.
- the register accuracy should be within a specified tolerance and be as low as possible.
- the register accuracy of several layers, elements, areas and/or layers relative to one another is an important feature in order to increase process reliability and/or product quality, but also security against counterfeiting.
- the precise positioning can be carried out in particular by means of register marks that can be detected by sensors, preferably optically. These register marks can either represent special separate layers, elements, areas and/or layers or can themselves be part of the layers, elements, areas and/or layers to be positioned.
- a polyurethane layer produced by the method according to the invention preferably has transparent or reduced translucent properties.
- the method preferably has the further following step or does step f) comprise the further following sub-step: g) removing the film-coated article from the mold cavity.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously produce components without the use of thermoplastic materials and without the use of an injection molding process with the manufacturing unit required for this. This means that both investment costs and operating costs can be reduced. Furthermore, there is no need to switch between the separate production units for the injection molding process and flooding with polyurethane. This makes the method according to the invention simple and quick compared to the prior art. This means that foil-coated items can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.
- These geometries can include, for example, abrupt or continuous cross-sectional changes, in particular tapers, corners, edges, tips and/or arches.
- the film-coated articles can have particularly thick wall thicknesses and/or abrupt changes in wall thickness. Compared to the injection molding process with thermoplastic materials, very small and/or very few geometric distortions and/or sink marks and/or voids occur.
- the film-coated articles according to the invention therefore advantageously have a high optical quality.
- the mixture introduced into the mold cavity in step e) advantageously heats up through an exothermic reaction.
- the mixture is therefore heated up or warmed up by the then prevailing tool temperature, which is higher than the mixture temperature, and as the exothermic reaction progresses over time with increasing thermal energy being released, the tool temperature, which is kept largely constant, then leads to a cooling of the tool through the Reaction of heating mixture, because then the tool temperature is temporarily below the mixture temperature, which is influenced by the exothermic reaction.
- the tool temperature is largely constant during the exothermic reaction.
- the decoration process using a transfer film i.e. using paint transfer technology, enables a significantly greater variety of designs compared to other decoration processes such as wet painting, so that individual images, technical designs, haptic surfaces and many other design variants can be created.
- transfer film By decorating using transfer film, it is possible to forego one or more subsequent process steps following the decoration, such as separate overprinting or lasering of lettering, symbols, etc. This means that costs for decoration can advantageously be saved.
- a transfer film could already have all of these decorative elements such as decorative prints, negative decorations such as lettering or symbols, etc. in the layer structure of the transfer layer.
- the film is a label or a print mold design sheet (PMD sheet) or an insert.
- the embodiments of the invention as a label, as a PMD sheet and insert are usually products made of or with a carrier layer.
- the carrier layer can also be called backing material.
- a decoration and/or information can then be applied to the front and/or back of the carrier layer in one or more layers using processes such as printing processes, casting processes, spraying processes, laser processes.
- the carrier layer for a label is usually in the form of sheet material.
- the decoration and/or information can be applied to the carrier layer on a label, for example via direct printing using screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, digital printing, as well as via a lamination process and/or via the application of a transfer film.
- a label is usually a two-dimensional printed sheet that is connected to the plastic material during injection molding, for example.
- the layer thickness of the label is preferably between 20 pm and 1000 pm, preferably from 100 pm to 750 pm.
- the carrier layer is usually in the form of a sheet material.
- the decoration and/or information is applied to the carrier layer in particular via direct printing using screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, digital printing.
- Transparent “backing materials” support layers are preferably used in the PMD process. Due to this fact, it is also possible, among other things, to coat the sheet on the front and back.
- the coated carrier layer is preferably preformed in a forming process, then trimmed and/or lasered on the outer contours in order to obtain a clean contour and then connected, in particular back-injected, to a plastic material, for example in an injection molding tool.
- the layer thickness of the PMD sheet is preferably between 20 pm and 1000 pm, preferably from 100 pm to 750 pm.
- the carrier layer is preferably in the form of a roll material.
- the decoration and/or information is applied to the “backing material” (support layer) in particular via the application of a transfer film and/or via direct printing using screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, digital printing.
- the coated carrier layer is fed to a deep-drawing tool as a roll product and preformed in a forming process, then separated into individual panels, then trimmed and/or lasered on the outer contours in order to obtain a clean contour and then z.
- the layer thickness of the label is preferably between 20 pm and 1000 pm, preferably from 100 pm to 750 pm.
- the carrier layer is preferably formed from a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polycarbonate (ABS-PC), polypropylene (PP). and mixtures thereof.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PC polycarbonate
- ABS-PC acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polycarbonate
- PP polypropylene
- the carrier layer can also fulfill the role of a protective layer.
- the carrier layer can form a protective layer on the back of the film-coated article, that is, a protective layer on the side of the film-coated article facing away from the polyurethane layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer is preferably applied directly or indirectly to the decorative layer over the entire surface and/or in certain areas by means of a type of printing, individually or in combination, selected from screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing.
- a type of printing individually or in combination, selected from screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing.
- the adhesion promoter layer is applied directly or indirectly to the decorative layer over the entire surface and/or in certain areas using gravure printing.
- the adhesion promoter layer is, for example, a mixture of acrylate resin with free OH and/or acid groups and at least one suitable crosslinking agent with a reactive group, for example a polyfunctional aziridine (PFA), or polyisocyanate.
- PFA polyfunctional aziridine
- This adhesion promoter layer may be present in an incompletely cured state and under the reactive conditions during flooding enter into a chemical reaction with, for example, polyol or polyisocyanates.
- the adhesion promoter layer is designed such that a chemical bond can be formed with the polyurethane to be deposited through the adhesion promoter layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer can be designed in such a way that the adhesion promoter layer reacts chemically with the polyurethane to be deposited.
- the adhesion promoter layer can therefore be designed in such a way that at least one chemical bond can be formed with the polyurethane to be deposited through the adhesion promoter layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer is designed in such a way that the adhesion promoter layer connects to the polyurethane to be deposited essentially or exclusively by means of chemical bonds.
- the adhesion promoter layer is designed such that at least one covalent bond and/or at least one ionic bond can be formed with the polyurethane to be deposited through the adhesion promoter layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer is preferably designed in such a way that the adhesion promoter layer connects to the polyurethane to be deposited essentially or exclusively by means of covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
- the adhesion promoter layer is designed in such a way that the adhesion promoter layer connects to the polyurethane to be deposited essentially or exclusively by means of covalent bonds.
- the adhesion promoter layer preferably has free, reactive groups and/or capped, reactive groups which release the corresponding reactive group again at a temperature in the range from 30 ° C to 180 ° C.
- free, reactive group is preferably understood to mean a functional group that can form a covalent bond during a polymerization reaction.
- Capped, reactive groups are preferably capped isocyanate groups which release the corresponding reactive group, preferably isocyanate group, again at a temperature in the range from 30 ° C to 180 ° C.
- the adhesion promoter layer can contain free, reactive isocyanate groups.
- Free, reactive isocyanate groups can react in the presence of water, for example atmospheric moisture, to form a carbamic acid, which can undergo further polymerization reactions.
- the adhesion promoter layer is not yet completely hardened, at least in some areas.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas, is preferably cured together with the polyurethane layer applied thereon, preferably completely cured.
- the polyurethane layer is preferably bonded to the adhesion promoter layer.
- the composite of the film and the polyurethane layer is preferably dimensionally stable.
- the adhesion promoter layer does not have any free, ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- free isocyanate groups contained in the adhesion promoter layer can therefore, for example, be mixed with free groups which are reactive towards isocyanate groups and are used for production react with the solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used in the polyurethane layer.
- adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas, has, for example, free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups, these can react accordingly with free isocyanate groups of the solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, has, for example, masked, reactive groups, these release the corresponding reactive groups again in the process according to the invention, preferably in step e), preferably at a temperature in the range from 30 ° C to 180 ° C.
- released isocyanate groups contained in the adhesion promoter layer can also react with free, isocyanate-reactive groups of the solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition used to produce the polyurethane layer.
- This preferably significantly improves the adhesion of the polyurethane layer to the adhesion promoter layer, with the storage stability of a film or transfer film according to the invention preferably also being increased by the presence of capped, reactive groups, for example capped isocyanate groups, in the at least partially not yet completely cured adhesion promoter layer can.
- capped, reactive groups for example capped isocyanate groups
- the polyurethane layer preferably adheres to the adhesion promoter layer with an adhesive force determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4624: 2016-08, preferably with a PosiTest® AT series adhesive tensile testing device from DeFelsko Corporation (Ogdensburg, NY, USA) using a 20 mm test stamp, from a range of 2.5 MPa to 5 MPa, in particular from 2, 5 MPa to 10 MPa, adheres.
- the polyurethane layer cannot be removed from a film-coated object according to the invention without damaging the film or the transfer layer of the transfer film.
- the mixture with a solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing composition is formed on its side delimited by the adhesion promoter layer, which has not yet been completely hardened at least in some areas simple process for producing the polyurethane layer is provided.
- Flooding and/or pouring preferably allows the use of a large number of different solvent-containing, preferably flowable, polyurethane-containing compositions, which, for example, are specific to the composition of the adhesion promoter layer, which has not yet been fully cured at least in some areas, and/or to the properties to be fulfilled by the polyurethane layer, for example in terms of optical properties, mechanical properties and/or chemical resistance.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, preferably has free, reactive groups and/or capped, reactive groups which release the corresponding reactive group again at a temperature in the range from 30 ° C to 180 ° C.
- Methods for determining the content of free amino groups, hydroxy groups and/or isocyanate groups in raw materials for producing plastics are known in the prior art.
- Suitable methods for determining the content of free hydroxyl groups are, for example, in ASTM E1899-16 (“Standard Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups Using Reaction with p-Toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate (TSI) and Potentiometric Titration with Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide”, 2016, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA), ASTM D4273-11 (“Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Primary Hydroxyl Content of Polyether Polyols”, 2011, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA), DIN 53240-3:2016 -03 (“Binders for coating materials - Determination of hydroxyl number - Part 3: Rapid procedure”, issue date: 2016-03), ISO 14900:2017-03 (“Plastics - Polyols for use in the production of polyurethane - Determination of hydroxyl number”, Issue date: 2017-03) or ASTM D4274-16 (“S
- Suitable methods for determining the content of free isocyanate groups are, for example, in DIN EN ISO 14896:2009-07 (“Plastics - Polyurethane raw materials - Determination of the isocyanate content”, edition date 2009-07) or ASTM D2572-97 (2010) (“Standard Test Method for Isocyanate Groups in Urethane Materials or Prepolymers”, 2010, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA).
- a suitable method for determining the content of free amino groups is, for example, in ASTM D2074-07 (2013) (“Standard Test Methods for Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator Method”, 2013, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA).
- Free, reactive groups preferably free isocyanate groups and/or free groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, preferably amino groups and/or hydroxy groups, or correspondingly masked analogues of the adhesion promoter layer, which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas, are preferably present in the layer contained monomers, prepolymers and / or mixtures thereof bound.
- free, reactive groups preferably free isocyanate groups and/or free groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, preferably amino groups and/or hydroxy groups, and/or correspondingly masked analogues thereof of the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas bound to binders, crosslinking agents and/or mixtures thereof contained in the adhesion promoter layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, preferably comprises at least one binder which has free isocyanate groups and/or free groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, preferably amino groups and/or hydroxy groups, and/or correspondingly masked analogues thereof .
- Suitable binders are preferably from the group consisting of polyurethane resins, polyurethane dispersions, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polyureas, melamine resins, aminoplasts, polyester resins, alkyd resins, polyamide resins and mixtures thereof, more preferably polyurethane resins, polyurethane dispersions, phenolic resins, polyureas, melamine resins, aminoplasts, polyester resins, alkyd resins , polyamide resins and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the at least one binder that is contained in the adhesion promoter layer, which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas, does not have any free, ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been fully cured at least in some areas, comprises at least one aqueous, uncrosslinked or crosslinked polyurethane dispersion, which preferably has free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups, more preferably amino groups and/or hydroxy groups, or at least one, uncrosslinked or crosslinked polyurethane resin, which preferably has isocyanate groups and/or capped analogues thereof or groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, more preferably amino groups and/or hydroxyl groups, and/or correspondingly capped analogues thereof , or consists of it.
- Capped, reactive groups can also be referred to as capped analogues of the aforementioned free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups or capped analogues of the aforementioned isocyanate groups.
- Suitable compounds with capped, reactive groups include, for example, isocyanate groups that have been blocked (capped) by the addition of organic compounds with acidic H atoms, so-called blocking agents.
- Suitable blocking agents with acidic H atoms are, for example, dialkyl malonate with alkyl groups, which can each be the same or different from one another and have 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl acetoacetate with an alkyl group that has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenol derivatives, secondary amines, lactams, pyrazoles , oximes or mixtures thereof.
- dialkyl malonate are dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, diisopropyl malonate, di-tert-butyl malonate and mixtures thereof.
- alkyl acetoacetates examples include methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, isopropyl acetoacetate, tert-butyl acetoacetate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable phenol derivatives are phenol, cresols, nonylphenols and mixtures thereof.
- suitable secondary amines are N-isopropyl-N-methylamine, N-isopropyl-N-ethylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-methylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-isopropylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine, N-tert -Butyl-N-benzylamine (BEBA), N,N-dicyclohexylamine and mixtures thereof.
- lactams is s-caprolactam.
- pyrazole is 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP).
- Suitable oximes are aromatic aldoximes, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ketoximes and mixtures thereof.
- suitable aromatic aldoximes are benzaldoxime, tolylaldoxime, terephthaldialdoxime, isophthaldialdoxime and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable ketoximes are, for example, acetone oxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, methyl propyl ketoxime, 2-butanone oxime, methyl isobutyl ketoxime, 3-methyl-2-butanone oxime, diisobutyl ketoxime, 2-pentanone oxime, 3-pentanone oxime, 4-methyl-2-pentanone oxime, 2-heptanone oxime, 3-heptanone oxime, Ethylhexyl ketoxime, cyclohexanone oxime, acetophenone oxime, benzophenone oxime and mixtures thereof.
- the aforementioned compounds with capped, reactive groups can be used together with at least one catalyst.
- All known compounds that can catalyze isocyanate reactions can be used as catalysts. Examples of these are titanates such as tetrabutyl titanate and tetrapropyl titanate, tin carboxylates such as dibutyltin dilaulate (DBTL), dibutyltin diacetate, tin octoate; tin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide and dioctyltin oxide; Organoaluminum compounds such as
- Alum inum trisacetylacetonate Alum inum trisethyl acetoacetate; chelate compounds such as titanium tetraacetylacetonate; Amine compounds such as triethylenediamine, guanidine, diphenylguanidine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and 1,8-diazabicyclo-(5,4,0)undecene 7 (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, N,N-dimethylpiperazine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, dimorpholinodimethyl ether, dimorpholinodiethyl ether (DMDEE) or mixtures thereof .
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
- DMDEE dimorpholin
- prepolymer preferably refers to reactive oligomers, which are preferably used to produce binders contained in the adhesion promoter layer, preferably polyurethane polymers.
- Prepolymers can, for example, have at least two identical groups, preferably at least two free isocyanate groups and/or at least two free groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, for example amino and/or hydroxy groups, and/or correspondingly capped analogues thereof.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, can be reacted, for example, by reacting at least one compound with two or more isocyanate groups with at least one compound that has two or more isocyanate groups reactive Groups, for example hydroxy groups and / or amino groups, are prepared, preferably either the at least one compound with two or more isocyanate groups or the at least one compound that has two or more groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, in excess is used.
- Suitable compounds with two or more isocyanate groups include, for example, monomeric isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups, isocyanate adducts, isocyanate prepolymers with two or more isocyanate groups or mixtures thereof.
- Monomeric isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups are, for example, aliphatic isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups, cycloaliphatic isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups, aromatic isocyanates with two or more isocyanate groups, adducts thereof, or mixtures thereof, for example 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanate (N DI ), 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethyl
- Isocyanate adducts are commercially available and are preferably formed by dimerization or trimerization of one of the aforementioned aliphatic diisocyanates, cycloaliphatic diisocyanates or aromatic diisocyanates.
- HDI 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Suitable compounds with two or more isocyanate groups are, for example, isocyanate prepolymers which have two or more isocyanate groups.
- Isocyanate prepolymers are commercially available and can preferably be obtained by reacting at least one of the aforementioned aliphatic diisocyanates, cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, aromatic diisocyanates, adducts thereof or mixtures thereof with at least one di- or polyol, preferably the diisocyanate used in a molar excess, based on the number the free OH groups of the di- or polyol used.
- Isocyanate prepolymers therefore preferably have urethane groups in the polymer chain as well as free, reactive isocyanate groups, which can preferably be at least partially capped.
- Isocyanate prepolymers can also be partially converted into allophanates and/or biurets by increasing the temperature.
- Suitable compounds with two or more hydroxide groups are polyhydric alcohols, which are selected, for example, from the group consisting of alkanediols, alkanetriols, alkanetraols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable polyester polyols are preferably reaction products of polyfunctional, preferably difunctional alcohols, optionally together with small amounts of trifunctional alcohols, and polyfunctional, preferably difunctional and/or trifunctional carboxylic acids.
- polyfunctional, preferably difunctional alcohols optionally together with small amounts of trifunctional alcohols
- polyfunctional, preferably difunctional and/or trifunctional carboxylic acids instead of free polycarboxylic acids, the corresponding polycarboxylic anhydrides or corresponding ones can also be used.
- Polycarboxylic acid esters with alcohols with preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be used.
- the polyols and carboxylic acids known per se for the production of polyesters can be selected.
- the polycarboxylic acids used can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic or both. They can optionally be substituted, for example by alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, ether groups or halogens.
- suitable polycarboxylic acids are succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid or mixtures of two or more of these.
- Suitable tricarboxylic acids which may optionally be included in proportion, are, for example, citric acid or trimellitic acid. All of the acids mentioned can be used individually or as mixtures of two or more of them.
- polyester polyols of oleochemical origin can also be used.
- Such polyester polyols can be produced, for example, by complete ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of an at least partially olefinically unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat mixture with one or more alcohols with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and subsequent partial transesterification of the triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols with 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical getting produced.
- Other suitable polyester poles are polycarbonate polyols.
- Polycarbonates can be obtained, for example, by the reaction of diols, such as propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol, or mixtures of two or more of these with diaryl carbonates, for example diphenyl carbonate, or with phosgene.
- diols such as propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol
- diethylene glycol triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol
- diaryl carbonates for example diphenyl carbonate
- phosgene phosgene
- Another group of suitable polyols are polylactones, for example polyesters based on s-caprolactone. Polyester polyols that contain one or more urethane groups in the molecular chain are also suitable.
- Suitable polyether polyols are, for example, reaction products of low molecular weight polyfunctional alcohols with alkylene oxides.
- the alkylene oxides preferably have 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Suitable, for example, are the reaction products of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof with aliphatic diols, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, the isomeric butanediols, hexanediols, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol , 2-methylpropanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,4,4-trimethylhexanediol-1,6, 2,2,4-trimethylhexanediol-1,6, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, or aromatic diols such as 4,4' - Dihydroxydiphenylpropane, bis
- amino-functionalized polyether polyols which can also be referred to as amino-terminated polyethers, are known to those skilled in the art and can be obtained commercially, for example, under the name JEFFAMINE® from Huntsman Corporation (The Woodlands, TX, USA).
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas, can comprise prepolymers with free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups and which can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, prepolymers with capped groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups and which can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked, or mixtures thereof or consist thereof, the aforementioned prepolymers being able to contain traces of diols, polyols and/or amino-functionalized polyether polyols used, preferably in a proportion of less than 5% by weight, preferably of less than 1% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the prepolymer used.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been fully cured at least in some areas, can have at least one co-binder, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, vinyl ester resins and mixtures thereof and more preferably does not have any free, ethylenically unsaturated groups. More preferably, the adhesion promoter layer, which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, has the at least one co-binder in a proportion of at most 30% by weight, more preferably at most 25% by weight, preferably in a range of 5% by weight. % to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely hardened at least in some areas, can contain at least one crosslinking agent, which preferably has at least two free isocyanate groups and/or at least two free groups that are reactive towards isocyanate groups, for example amino and/or hydroxy groups.
- Suitable crosslinking agents include organic compounds with two or more free, reactive groups, for example aliphatic or alicyclic compounds with two or more free isocyanate groups, aliphatic or alicyclic compound with two or more free hydroxide groups, aliphatic or alicyclic compound with two or more free amine groups, correspondingly capped analogues thereof or mixtures thereof.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, has the at least one crosslinking agent in a proportion of at most 15% by weight, more preferably at most 12% by weight, preferably in a range of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely hardened at least in some areas, preferably contains at least one, preferably inorganic, filler in a proportion of at most 15% by weight, preferably in a range of 0.1% by weight to 12% by weight preferably from a range of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely hardened at least in some areas, preferably contains at least one, preferably organic, additive, for example at least one wetting agent, at least one leveling agent, at least one defoamer, at least one thixotropic agent or a mixture thereof, preferably in a proportion of at most 12% by weight. , preferably from a range of 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the layer.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet completely hardened at least in some areas, has a thickness in the range from 0.5 pm to 15 pm, more preferably in the range from 1 pm to 12 pm.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been fully cured at least in some areas, does not contain any photoinitiators.
- Photoinitiators are chemical compounds that, after absorbing light, decay in a photolysis reaction, forming reactive species that can start a reaction, such as polymerization.
- the reactive species can be radicals, anions or cations.
- the adhesion promoter layer has a layer thickness selected from a range of 0.1 pm to 15 pm, preferably from 0.5 pm to 10 pm, particularly preferably from 1 pm to 4 pm.
- the at least one decorative layer has at least one decorative element.
- the at least one decorative layer can contain one or more lacquer layers with a layer thickness selected from a range of 0.1 pm to 15 pm, preferably from 0.3 pm to 8 pm.
- This lacquer layer or these lacquer layers can be colored, i.e. pigmented and/or colored with dyes.
- These additional layers of lacquer can be printed as a full surface or partially or partially in the decor.
- the lacquer layers can preferably be applied using gravure printing, screen printing, flexographic printing and/or inkjet printing.
- one or more lacquer layers of the decorative layer can be transparent.
- the at least one decorative layer can contain at least one metal layer.
- the metal layer is preferably applied by metallization using a PVD process or using a CVD process, such as vapor deposition and/or sputtering.
- the metal layer preferably has a layer thickness selected from a range of 1 nm to 200 nm, preferably 5 nm to 40 nm. Possible metals include Cr, In, Al, Sn, Ag, Si. Furthermore, a combination of one or more lacquer layers with at least one metallization is also possible.
- the at least one decorative layer and/or the at least one decorative element can be arranged in certain areas or over the entire surface. At least a first region of the decorative layer and/or at least one first decorative element can have different configurations.
- the design or shape of the at least one first region of the decorative layer and/or the at least one first decorative element is selected in each case one or more of the following group: motif, lettering, letter, number, symbol, geometric figure, visually recognizable design element, pattern, logo, codes and conductor track.
- layer is understood to mean a layer of paint, a decorative layer or a decorative element:
- the at least one decorative layer containing at least one decorative element is selected from the group consisting of transparent and/or colored lacquer layers, in particular comprising one or more dyes and/or pigments, replication layers with a molded optically active surface structure, reflection layers , especially opaque reflective layers, transparent ones Reflection layers, metallic reflection layers or dielectric reflection layers, optically variable layers, optically active layers, interference multilayer systems, volume hologram layers, liquid crystal layers, in particular cholesteric liquid crystal layers, electrically conductive layers, antenna layers, electrode layers, magnetic layers, magnetic storage layers, barrier layers and combinations thereof.
- a film, layer or layer with a transmission greater than 70% is preferably referred to as transparent. If the transmission is between 50% and 70%, the film, layer or layer is preferably referred to as translucent. If the transmission is less than 50%, the film, layer or layer is preferably referred to as opaque.
- the % values mentioned refer in particular to transmission in the wavelength range that can be perceived by the human eye.
- the wavelength range perceivable by the human eye is preferably assumed to be the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the polyurethane layer has a wall thickness selected from a range of 0.2 mm to 30 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably from 0.5 mm to 15 mm.
- the film-coated article is preferably dimensionally stable.
- the wall thickness of the polyurethane layer can also be referred to with the term “layer thickness” of the polyurethane layer or with the term “layer thickness” or “thickness” of the polyurethane layer.
- the polyurethane layer has a wall thickness that remains constant along the areal extent of the polyurethane layer and/or along the areal extent of the decorative layer.
- the polyurethane layer has a wall thickness that does not remain constant along the areal extent of the polyurethane layer and/or along the areal extent of the decorative layer.
- the wall thickness preferably has a first wall thickness at least in a first region and preferably a second wall thickness at least in a second region.
- the wall thickness can change continuously or in one or more stages.
- the first wall thickness can differ from the second wall thickness in particular by 5% to 75%, preferably by 10% to 50%.
- film-coated articles according to the invention can have particularly complicated geometries.
- These geometries can include, for example, abrupt or continuous cross-sectional changes, in particular tapers, corners, edges, tips and/or arches.
- the polyurethane layer has at least one continuous change in wall thickness along the areal extent of the polyurethane layer and/or along the areal extent of the decorative layer.
- the polyurethane layer has at least one jump in wall thickness along the areal extent of the polyurethane layer and/or along the areal extent of the decorative layer.
- a jump in wall thickness is understood to mean, in particular, a gradual change in wall thickness.
- the jump in wall thickness preferably runs perpendicular to the decorative layer.
- a jump in wall thickness is therefore preferably understood to mean an abrupt and/or discrete jump in wall thickness.
- film-coated articles according to the invention can have abrupt changes in wall thickness.
- the film-coated article is on a first side through the polyurethane layer limited and limited on an opposite second side by the protective layer and/or the carrier layer.
- the film-coated article is therefore preferably protected on its first side by the polyurethane layer.
- the protective layer of the transfer layer preferably forms the boundary of the film-coated article on the second side of the film-coated article, that is, on the side of the film-coated article facing away from the polyurethane layer.
- the film-coated article is preferably protected by the protective layer of the transfer layer on its second side.
- the carrier layer can also fulfill the role of a protective layer.
- the carrier layer in the film-coated article forms the protective layer on the back.
- the backing layer in the film-coated article forms the protective layer on the second side of the film-coated article, that is, on the side of the film-coated article facing away from the polyurethane layer.
- the film-coated article is preferably protected on its second side by the carrier layer of the film.
- the carrier layer has at least one anchoring area for anchoring or fastening, in particular adhesive bonds and/or functional elements, such as conductor tracks, sensors, lights and/or electronic components.
- the carrier layer preferably has functional elements, such as conductor tracks, sensors, lights and/or electronic components.
- the polyurethane layer has a transmission greater than 50%, preferably greater than 70% for the wavelength range perceivable by the human eye.
- the polyurethane layer is preferably referred to as transparent. With a transmission between 50% and 70%, the polyurethane layer is preferably referred to as translucent.
- the wavelength range perceivable by the human eye is preferably assumed to be the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the polyurethane layer can advantageously be easily transilluminated optically.
- the high optical translucency enables a good design representation of decorative layers, mask layers and/or other optical functional layers arranged under or behind the polyurethane layer in the viewing direction.
- the decorative layer embedded in the film-coated article is visible or perceptible to the human eye from both sides of the layer structure, at least partially or completely, and/or measurable by an optical sensor unit.
- the decorative layer embedded in the article is therefore visible to a human observer, in particular from both sides of the layer structure. More specifically, the decorative layer embedded in the film-coated article is preferably both from the first side of the film-coated article through the polyurethane layer and from the opposite second side of the article visible at least partially or completely through the protective layer and / or the carrier layer. Preferably, both the polyurethane layer and the protective layer and/or the carrier layer are transparent. In addition, the article is preferably protected on the outside by both the polyurethane layer and the protective layer and/or the carrier layer.
- the polyurethane layer adheres to the adhesion promoter layer with an adhesive force selected from a range of 2.5 MPa to 10 MPa, preferably from 2.5 MPa to 5 MPa.
- the adhesive force is preferably determined according to the method described in DIN EN ISO 4624: 2016-08, particularly preferably with a PosiTest® AT series adhesive tensile testing device from DeFelsko Corporation (Ogdensburg, NY, USA) using a 20 mm test stamp.
- the polyurethane layer preferably cannot be removed from a film-coated object according to the invention without damaging the film or the transfer layer of the transfer film.
- the film-coated article does not comprise any injection-molded thermoplastic, that is, no injection-molded thermoplastic material.
- the mixture in step e) is injected into the mold cavity with a filling pressure selected from a range of 70 bar to 140 bar, preferably from 80 bar to 100 bar.
- the mold cavity forms a negative for the polyurethane layer to be formed.
- the mold cavity preferably has cavity areas of different thicknesses to form different wall thicknesses of the polyurethane layer.
- the mold cavity preferably has at least a first cavity region for producing the first wall thickness of the polyurethane layer and at least a second cavity region for producing the second wall thickness of the polyurethane layer.
- the first wall thickness can differ from the second wall thickness in particular by 5% to 75%, preferably by 10% to 50%.
- the polyurethane layer forms in the mold cavity as a result of injecting the mixture after step e) at a temperature selected from a range of 40 ° C to 160 ° C, preferably from 60 ° C to 140 ° C, in particular preferably from 80 ° C to 120 ° C, and / or at a pressure selected from a range from 3 bar to 100 bar, preferably from 5 bar to 50 bar, particularly preferably from 8 bar to 30 bar.
- an exothermic reaction in the mixture begins.
- This exothermic reaction preferably heats up the mixture introduced into the mold cavity in step e).
- it is advantageous to temper the mixture in particular to heat it up or cool it down, so that the exothermic reaction occurs at a process temperature that remains approximately the same expires.
- the mixture is therefore heated up or warmed up by the then prevailing tool temperature, which is higher than the mixture temperature, and as the exothermic reaction progresses over time with increasing thermal energy being released, the tool temperature, which is kept largely constant, then leads to a cooling of the tool by the reaction of the heating mixture, because the tool temperature is then temporarily below the mixture temperature, which is influenced by the exothermic reaction.
- the tool temperature is largely constant during the exothermic reaction.
- the mold cavity is preferably pre-tempered before injecting the mixture according to step e) to a temperature selected from a range of 40 ° C to 160 ° C, preferably from 60 ° C to 140 ° C, particularly preferably from 80 ° C to 120 ° .
- a temperature selected from a range of 40 ° C to 160 ° C preferably from 60 ° C to 140 ° C, particularly preferably from 80 ° C to 120 ° .
- the temperature of the mixture at the start of the chemical reaction and/or immediately after mixing the mixture according to step d) and/or immediately upon injection into the mold cavity is lower than the temperature of the mold cavity (mold temperature).
- the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer that forms assumes the preset temperature of the mold cavity (mold temperature) as time progresses and/or as the reaction progresses.
- a temperature difference for cooling the film-coated article formed in the mold cavity is OK to 100K, preferably OK to 50K, particularly preferably OK to 30K.
- the temperature difference for cooling the film-coated article formed in the mold cavity is therefore advantageously much lower than when injection molding thermoplastic materials.
- lower pressures are required to form the polyurethane layer than when using thermoplastic materials in the injection molding process.
- the method additionally comprises the following step, which is preferably carried out after step e): h) curing the mixture inside and/or outside the mold cavity to form the polyurethane layer.
- the duration of the hardening process within the mold cavity is preferably 10 seconds to 120 seconds, particularly preferably 20 seconds to 90 seconds. This is in particular 2 times to 10 times the pot life of the mixture, preferably 3 times to 7 times the pot life of the mixture.
- the pot life is the processability or service life of the reactive mixture.
- the duration of the hardening process outside the mold cavity, in particular on a holding device with the shape of the film-coated article, is preferably 5 minutes to 90 minutes, particularly preferably 5 minutes to 45 minutes.
- the viscosity of the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer that forms increases as the chemical crosslinking reaction progresses.
- the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer that forms hardens as the chemical crosslinking reaction progresses.
- a fully cured polyurethane layer is formed at the end of the chemical crosslinking reaction.
- the mixture is completely cured in step h) to form the polyurethane layer.
- the hardening according to step h) preferably takes place at a temperature selected from a range of 20 ° C to 160 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the adhesion promoter layer which has not yet been completely cured at least in some areas is preferably cured together with the mixture applied thereto and/or with the polyurethane layer applied thereon, preferably completely cured.
- Cross-links preferably form between the polyurethane layer and the adhesion promoter layer.
- the polyurethane layer is preferably bonded to the adhesion promoter layer.
- the composite of the film and the polyurethane layer is preferably dimensionally stable.
- the polyurethane layer cannot be removed from the adhesion promoter layer without being destroyed.
- the method additionally comprises the following step, which is preferably carried out after step e), g) and/or step h): i) removing the carrier layer of the film.
- This advantageous embodiment therefore preferably relates to the design of the film as a transfer film.
- the release layer can be arranged completely or partially on the transfer layer and/or completely or partially arranged on the carrier layer.
- the film is provided in step c) as roll goods and/or as a continuous film and/or as a sheet and/or introduced into the mold cavity using film feed device technology.
- IMD In-Mold Decoration
- the film comprising the decorative layer is conveyed as a transfer film with a carrier layer and a transfer layer having the decorative layer, in particular as roll goods, and is introduced into the mold cavity in particular according to step c).
- the decoration process using paint transfer technology advantageously enables a significantly greater variety of designs compared to other decoration processes such as painting. This advantageously allows individual images, technical designs, haptic surfaces and many other design variants to be created.
- the method has the further following step or does step a), c) and/or step f) comprise the further following sub-step: j) cleaning the film and/or the film-coated article, preferably the adhesion promoter layer and/or the polyurethane layer, in particular by at least one brush, a blower and/or a suction device.
- the method has the further following step or does step f) comprise the further following sub-step: k) printing the film-coated article, preferably the polyurethane layer, in particular in at least a first and/or second region, preferably alone or in combination selected from inkjet printing, gravure printing, screen printing, planographic printing, letterpress printing and flexographic printing.
- the method has the further following step or does step c) comprise the further following sub-step: l) pretreatment of the film, preferably the adhesion promoter layer, in particular by means of a process alone or in combination selected from corona treatment, flame treatment, Plasma treatment.
- the method has the further following step or does step f) comprise the further following sub-step: m) cutting the film-coated article to size by means of punching or water jet cutting or laser cutting.
- the method can have the further following step or step f) can comprise the further following sub-step: n) dividing the film-coated article into individual benefits, in particular in the presence of roll goods having several benefits or in the presence of a sheet having several benefits.
- the film-coated article obtained in step f) is selected from the group display, touch field, panel, cover, functional element, in particular from the following areas: white goods, motor vehicles, aviation, ships, household appliances, telecommunications devices, consumer goods , documents, security elements, labels and/or electronic items.
- the method does not include thermoplastic injection molding.
- process steps and sub-steps can be carried out once or several times.
- process steps and sub-steps can be repeated.
- the preferred sequence of the method steps has at least the order of step a) - step b) - step c) - step d) - step e) - step f), in which further steps or sub-steps can be inserted in particular between these steps.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of a transfer film
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic structure of a first film-coated article.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic structure of a second film-coated article.
- FIG. 1 shows a plot of the viscosity of various polyurethane-forming mixtures as a function of temperature.
- the plot refers to the time before the start of the crosslinking reaction.
- the application only refers to the viscosity of the polyurethane-forming mixture before the reaction.
- the influence of the temperature of the mold cavity (mold temperature) is not taken into account.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of a transfer film 1 for carrying out the method.
- the transfer film 1 includes a carrier layer 10 and a Transfer layer 13.
- the carrier layer 10 comprises a carrier layer 11 and a release layer 12.
- the transfer layer 13 comprises a protective layer 14, at least one decorative layer 15 and an adhesion promoter layer 16.
- the carrier layer 11 preferably has a layer thickness of between 10 pm and 100 pm, preferably between 23 pm and 75 pm. In the exemplary transfer film 1, the carrier layer 11 has a layer thickness of 75 ⁇ m.
- the one release layer 12 preferably has a layer thickness of 0.1 nm to 50 nm.
- the release layer is arranged on the side of the carrier layer 10 facing the transfer layer 13 and consists of a thin wax layer.
- the protective layer 14 preferably has a layer thickness of between 0.1 pm to 20 pm, preferably from 1 pm to 3 pm.
- the protective layer 14 is formed from a protective lacquer and preferably has a layer thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- the at least one decorative layer 15 preferably comprises one or more lacquer layers and/or one or more metal layers.
- the lacquer layers preferably have a layer thickness between 0.1 pm and 15 pm, preferably between 0.3 pm and 8 pm.
- the metal layers preferably have a layer thickness between 1 nm and 200 nm, preferably from 5 nm to 40 nm.
- the decorative layer comprises a lacquer layer with a layer thickness of 4 ⁇ m and a metal layer with a layer thickness of 30 nm.
- the adhesion promoter layer 16 preferably has a layer thickness selected from a range of 0.1 pm to 15 pm, preferably from 0.5 pm to 10 pm, particularly preferably from 1 pm to 4 pm. In the exemplary one Transfer film 1 has the adhesion promoter layer 16 a layer thickness of 2 pm.
- the adhesion promoter layer is, for example, a mixture of acrylate resin with free OH and/or acid groups and at least one suitable crosslinking agent with a reactive group, for example a polyfunctional aziridine (PFA), or polyisocyanate.
- PFA polyfunctional aziridine
- This adhesion promoter layer can be in a not completely hardened state and can enter into a chemical reaction under the reactive conditions during flooding with, for example, polyol or polyisocyanates.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of a first film-coated article.
- the film-coated article 2 includes the transfer layer 13 of the transfer film 1 shown in FIG. 1.
- the film-coated article 2 comprises a polyurethane layer P applied directly to the adhesion promoter layer 16.
- the polyurethane layer P preferably has a wall thickness selected from a range of 0.2 mm to 30 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 13 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 8 mm.
- the film-coated article 2 has a flat polyurethane layer P.
- the polyurethane layer P therefore has a constant wall thickness.
- the wall thickness of the polyurethane layer P is, for example, 12 mm.
- the film-coated article 2 shown is dimensionally stable.
- the mixture preferably contains a polyol, an isocyanate and other chemical additives as components.
- a polyol for example, “Puroclear 3351 IT” from Ruehl Puromer GmbH is used as a mixture.
- the polyol “Puroclear 3351 IT” as an individual component has a density of 1.09 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 20°C and a viscosity of 1000 mPas at a temperature of 25°C.
- the isocyanate “Puronate 960/1” as an individual component has a density of 1.13 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 20°C and a viscosity of 2500 mPas at a temperature of 25°C.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic structure of a second film-coated article.
- the structure of the second film-coated article corresponds to the structure of the first film-coated article.
- the polyurethane layer P of the second film-coated article forms different wall thicknesses.
- the wall thickness of the polyurethane layer P varies between 1 mm and 10 mm.
- a film-coated article 2 according to the invention can form complicated geometries.
- the film-coated article 2 can form a concrete three-dimensional body.
- the film-coated article 2 is dimensionally stable.
- FIG. 5 shows a flowchart for an exemplary method according to the invention. The following steps are preferably carried out one after the other.
- a film according to the invention is provided.
- the film is designed, for example, as the transfer film 1 shown in FIG. 1 with the carrier layer 10 and the transfer layer 13.
- the carrier layer 10 includes the carrier layer 11 and the release layer 12.
- the transfer layer 13 includes the protective layer 14, the decorative layer 15 and the adhesion promoter layer 16.
- the adhesion promoter layer 16 has not yet completely hardened.
- the transfer film 1 is provided, for example, as roll goods and/or continuous film.
- a mold cavity is provided.
- the tool forming the mold cavity is pre-heated, for example, to a temperature of preferably in the range between 80 ° C and 120 ° C, particularly preferably in the range between 90 ° C and 110 ° C. This is referred to as the tool temperature.
- the transfer film 1 is introduced into the mold cavity.
- the transfer film 1 is preferably introduced into the mold cavity using film feed device technology.
- a mixture forming polyurethane is provided at a mixing head.
- the mixture preferably contains a polyol, an isocyanate and other chemical additives as components.
- a polyol e.g., polyethylene glycol
- an isocyanate e.g., polypropylene glycol
- other chemical additives e.g., “Puroclear 3351 IT” from Ruehl Puromer GmbH is used as a mixture.
- the components are mixed at the mixing head. When the components are mixed at the mixing head, an exothermic chemical crosslinking reaction starts.
- the polyol “Puroclear 3351 IT” as an individual component has a density of 1.09 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 20°C and a viscosity of 1000 mPas at a temperature of 25°C.
- the isocyanate “Puronate 960/1” as an individual component has a density of 1.13 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 20°C and a viscosity of 2500 mPas at a temperature of 25°C.
- the Puroclear 3351 IT and the isocyanate and possibly other chemical additives as individual components or already with one of the two main components premixed, are brought together in the mixing head, preferably at a raw material temperature of 60°C to 70°C.
- the recommended tool temperature for this PUR mixture should preferably be in the range between 80°C and 90°C.
- the mixture is injected into the mold cavity in step S05 immediately following step S04.
- the mixture is injected into the mold cavity, for example, with a filling pressure of 70 bar to 140 bar.
- the transfer film 1 is completely flooded by the mixture on its side delimited by the adhesion promoter layer 16.
- the temperature of the mixture is, for example, 60°C to 70°C.
- the filling pressure of the mixture is, for example, 70 bar to 140 bar when the mixture is injected into the mold cavity.
- the viscosity of the mixture is, for example, up to 100 mPas when the mixture is injected into the mold cavity.
- the temperature of the mixture when injected into the mold cavity in this example is lower than the temperature of the mold cavity (mold temperature).
- the duration of the injection, i.e. the filling phase, is approx. 5 seconds to 20 seconds, depending on the current tool temperature.
- a step S06 the mixture hardens in the mold cavity as a result of the exothermic chemical crosslinking reaction.
- the polyurethane layer P is formed.
- an exothermic chemical cross-linking reaction also occurs between the mixture forming the polyurethane layer and the not yet fully cured adhesion promoter layer 16.
- Cross-links preferably form between the mixture forming the polyurethane layer and the adhesion promoter layer 16.
- the resulting polyurethane layer P is preferably cohesively connected to the adhesion promoter layer 16.
- Hardening forms a composite of the film and the polyurethane layer, which forms a precursor to the film-coated article.
- the composite of the film and the polyurethane layer is dimensionally stable.
- the temperature of the mixture is, for example, approximately 100 ° C immediately after the mixture has been completely injected into the mold cavity. This temperature corresponds to the tool temperature or is slightly higher than the tool temperature.
- the cavity pressure immediately after the mixture has been completely injected into the mold cavity is, for example, approximately 50 bar to 150 bar.
- the viscosity of the mixture is, for example, up to 100 mPas immediately after the mixture has been completely injected into the mold cavity. The viscosity of the mixture is unchanged from the viscosity of the mixture as at the start of the injection.
- the so-called holding time is approximately 60 seconds. That's about 5 times the pot life.
- the hardening time after removing the component is approx. 30 minutes. This time can be accelerated, for example, using cooling, so that reduced practical hardening times of approximately 10 minutes are obtained.
- the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer P that forms assumes the preset temperature of the mold cavity (mold temperature) as time progresses, which in this example is 100°C amounts.
- the cavity pressure is approximately 50 bar to 150 bar. The cavity pressure decreases over the holding time in the tool, due to the increase in viscosity of the PUR mixture.
- the viscosity of the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer P that forms increases.
- the mixture and/or the polyurethane layer P that forms hardens.
- the temperature of the mixture in the mold cavity is, for example, around 100°C (corresponds to the mold temperature).
- the cavity pressure in the mold cavity is, for example, around 50 bar at the end of the chemical crosslinking reaction.
- a step S07 the composite of the film and the polyurethane layer is removed from the mold cavity.
- a step S08 the carrier layer 10 of the transfer film 1 is removed.
- both the carrier layer 11 and the release layer 12 of the carrier layer 10 are completely removed.
- only the transfer layer 13 of the transfer film 1 remains on the film-coated article 2.
- the film-coated article 2 is detached from the carrier layer 10 immediately during removal.
- the film-coated article 2 is placed on a holding device outside the tool (that is, outside the mold cavity).
- the holding device preferably has the shape of the film-coated article.
- the film-coated article 2 is cooled to a temperature of, for example, 20 ° C to 25 ° C (room temperature).
- the temperature difference for cooling the film-coated article 2 based on the temperature of the mixture in the mold cavity is only approx. 80 K.
- the temperature difference for cooling the film-coated article 2 is therefore advantageously much lower than when injection molding thermoplastic materials. While the film-coated article 2 is cooling, the curing process preferably continues and is preferably completed when room temperature is reached.
- the finished film-coated article 2 is obtained.
- the finished film-coated article 2 is dimensionally stable.
- step S08 removing the carrier layer of the transfer film 1
- steps S01 to S11 also results for designs of the film as a label, PMD sheet (print-mold design sheet) or insert.
- the composite of the film and the polyurethane layer in steps S06 and S07 can already be referred to as film-coated article 2.
- the method according to the invention eliminates the need to switch between the separate production units for the injection molding process and flooding with polyurethane.
- foil-coated items can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022107643.1A DE102022107643A1 (de) | 2022-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | Folie, folienbeschichteter Artikel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines folienbeschichteten Artikels |
| PCT/EP2023/055644 WO2023186460A1 (de) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-03-07 | Folie, folienbeschichteter artikel und verfahren zur herstellung eines folienbeschichteten artikels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4499414A1 true EP4499414A1 (de) | 2025-02-05 |
Family
ID=85569684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23710268.6A Withdrawn EP4499414A1 (de) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-03-07 | Folie, folienbeschichteter artikel und verfahren zur herstellung eines folienbeschichteten artikels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4499414A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022107643A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023186460A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07186597A (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Sakura Color Prod Corp | 転写紙 |
| DE10221482C1 (de) | 2002-05-15 | 2003-09-18 | Kurz Leonhard Fa | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines abgewinkelt profilierten Formteiles, das mit einer Prägefolie dekoriert wird |
| JP6919167B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-08-18 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 三次元成形用転写フィルム、その製造方法、及び樹脂成形品の製造方法 |
| WO2018224306A1 (de) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Spritzgiessverfahren zur erzeugung von virtuellen dreidimensionalen mustern in formkörpern |
| DE102017118904A1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2019-02-21 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Transferfolie, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines folienbeschichteten Artikels und folienbeschichteter Artikel |
| JP6633038B2 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2020-01-22 | Nissha株式会社 | 転写シートとそれを用いた成形方法 |
| DE102018123473A1 (de) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-26 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Dekorfolie, Transferfolie, Verwendung einer Transferfolie, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Transferfolie, Verfahren zum Dekorieren eines Kunststoffformteils sowie Kunststoffformteil |
| DE102020105361A1 (de) | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dekorieren eines Spritzgussformteils sowie ein Spritzgussformteil |
-
2022
- 2022-03-31 DE DE102022107643.1A patent/DE102022107643A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-03-07 WO PCT/EP2023/055644 patent/WO2023186460A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-07 EP EP23710268.6A patent/EP4499414A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023186460A1 (de) | 2023-10-05 |
| DE102022107643A1 (de) | 2023-10-05 |
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