EP4496908A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz sauerstoffsensitiver targetmaterialien in einer beschichtungsquelle - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz sauerstoffsensitiver targetmaterialien in einer beschichtungsquelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4496908A1 EP4496908A1 EP23707672.4A EP23707672A EP4496908A1 EP 4496908 A1 EP4496908 A1 EP 4496908A1 EP 23707672 A EP23707672 A EP 23707672A EP 4496908 A1 EP4496908 A1 EP 4496908A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating source
- shutter
- process chamber
- coating
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3447—Collimators, shutters, apertures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/564—Means for minimising impurities in the coating chamber such as dust, moisture, residual gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
- H01J37/32449—Gas control, e.g. control of the gas flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32798—Further details of plasma apparatus not provided for in groups H01J37/3244 - H01J37/32788; special provisions for cleaning or maintenance of the apparatus
- H01J37/3288—Maintenance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
- H01J37/3426—Material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3476—Testing and control
- H01J37/3485—Means for avoiding target poisoning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
Definitions
- Sputtering is a coating technique from the group of PVD processes (physical vapor deposition).
- Sputtering also known as cathode sputtering, is a physical process in which atoms are released from a solid, the so-called target, by bombarding them with high-energy (noble gas) ions and pass into the gas phase.
- high-energy (noble gas) ions ions that are released from a solid, the so-called target, by bombarding them with high-energy (noble gas) ions and pass into the gas phase.
- different sputtering technologies are used.
- sputtering is used to atomize a material, which is then deposited on a substrate and forms a solid layer.
- shutter systems are used to control the material flow onto the substrates to be coated.
- Sputtering takes place in a coating system under vacuum conditions.
- a voltage is applied between two electrodes and a working gas is admitted into the gas space.
- a plasma forms in the gas space.
- the target usually forms the negative electrode and the substrate to be coated usually forms the positively charged electrode.
- an additional magnetic field is arranged behind the cathode.
- reactive sputtering one or more reactive gases are added to the inert working gas (argon). The gases react with the sputtered layer atoms on the target in the vacuum chamber or on the substrate and form new materials.
- ion beam sputtering a beam of noble gas sputtering ions (argon, krypton, xenon) is directed from an ion source onto the target - atomization occurs due to the impacting ion beam.
- the coating system is switched on, ie the voltage is applied to the electrodes and the plasma is ignited and the desired operating power is set and run in for a stable process. Only then is the shutter opened to begin coating the substrates.
- the coating source is previously shielded by a shutter. To ensure ignition of the plasma, there must be a gap of a few millimeters between the coating source and the shutter.
- a sheet of metal is swiveled from the side in front of the coating source as a shutter, so that no material from the coating source inadvertently gets onto the substrates to be coated.
- the shutter plates used have been pushed in front of the coating source at a distance of approximately 1 to 4 mm.
- this distance cannot ensure complete, closed shielding of the coating source.
- the distance is necessary for sputtering in a coating source. Smaller, ie smaller, distances cannot be achieved in practical implementation, as these usually lead to friction between the shutter plate and the coating source. These rubbing effects cause many unwanted particles, which can lead to additional contamination of the coated substrates, which can also lead to the layers detaching from the substrate. The quality of the layers can be severely affected by these effects.
- a shutter mechanism in which a shutter is connected via a coupling system is connected to an actuator such that the shutter can be moved in a composite movement from an open position to a closed position via a coating source.
- the actuator only carries out a linear movement along a translation axis, with a linear movement of the shutter being converted into a tilting movement and then back into a final linear movement via a groove curve until the shutter encloses the sputtering source.
- the shutter first carries out a linear movement along the translation axis of the actuator, then a rotary movement, e.g. B. by 90 ° to the translation axis of the actuator and finally a linear movement again along the translation axis of the actuator.
- a disadvantageous curvature of the gas plasma can also occur during the opening and closing of the shutter, since the Angle between target and shutter surface changed. This can also result in an undesirable coating on the inside of the chamber or the coating source itself.
- the actuator in WO 2021/091890 A1 is arranged with the groove curve inside the vacuum chamber. The mechanical stress on the coupling system and the associated friction in the groove curve can lead to abrasion, which is undesirable in a coating system with high purity requirements. Maintenance and/or repair of the shutter control is also significantly more complex, as this can only be done when the vacuum chamber is ventilated.
- the shutter In the method of protecting a coating source comprising a reactive coating material, wherein the coating source with the coating material being shielded from a process chamber by a shutter, the shutter first sealingly closes the coating source and a protective gas is admitted via a gas inlet into a coating source space, which is formed by the coating source and the shutter, and there is an overpressure in the coating source space a vacuum chamber pressure within the process chamber and later when the process chamber is ventilated compared to an atmospheric pressure outside the process chamber. A further gas is then admitted into the process chamber to react, that is, to neutralize coatings in the process chamber. The layers are passivated.
- the process chamber can now be ventilated with air or nitrogen without an unwanted reaction taking place.
- the process chamber is then opened to the atmosphere, ie the door of the process chamber to the environment is opened, with an overpressure always being maintained in the coating source space.
- This permanent excess pressure in the coating source space prevents gases, in particular oxygen, from reaching the coating source, in particular the reactive target material, and reacting with it.
- the shutter closes the coating source space and is accordingly closed, i.e. pivoted over the coating source.
- the coating source should be turned off.
- the reactive coating material is an oxygen-sensitive target material, for example lithium, magnesium, calcium and / or a similarly highly reactive material as that aforementioned. Lithium is very reactive and reacts with many elements and compounds. It therefore needs special protection to avoid cross-contamination.
- an inert gas in particular nitrogen or argon, is used as a protective gas as a further protective measure.
- the constant overpressure in the coating source space closed by the shutter and the protective gas admitted has the advantage that no oxygen or air can penetrate behind the shutter into the coating source space.
- carbon dioxide is admitted into the process chamber as a further gas for reacting or neutralizing coatings in the process chamber. This prevents further reactions in the process chamber and further minimizes contamination of the coating source.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a sputtering system according to the invention according to the independent arrangement claim 6.
- the sputtering system includes a process chamber and at least one coating source space, which is formed from a coating source and a shutter and is arranged within the process chamber.
- This sputtering system or coating system is suitable for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 5.
- the shutter can be positioned above the coating source by means of a rotary and/or pivoting and/or folding/tilting movement and the shutter is designed to carry out an additional relative movement to the coating source and / or the coating source is designed to carry out an additional relative movement to the shutter, the shutter sealingly covering the coating source and a permanent overpressure in the coating source space can be formed during a maintenance process of the sputtering system.
- the relative movement is advantageously a lifting movement. This prevents unwanted particles, gas atoms, etc. from reaching the target, ie into the coating source space.
- the coating source space comprises a target made of an oxygen-sensitive material, for example lithium, magnesium and / or calcium.
- the shutter can be positioned above the coating source by means of a rotary and/or pivoting and/or folding/tilting movement and the shutter is designed to carry out an additional relative movement in the form of a lifting movement to the coating source and/or the coating source is designed to carry out an additional relative movement
- the shutter covers the coating source in a sealing manner.
- a sealing cover means the complete shielding of the coating source from the rest of the process chamber, so that both any cross-contamination on the coating source and unwanted coatings on the substrate to be coated are prevented. Oxygen cannot therefore enter the coating source space and contaminate the target material and cause undesirable reactions.
- the shutter of the sputtering system according to the invention is not only pivoted or rotated or folded/tilted over the coating source according to a first degree of freedom, but the shutter or the coating source are moved in a sealing manner relative to one another according to a second degree of freedom by a relative movement between the shutter and the coating source.
- the shutter carries out a lifting movement towards the coating source or the coating source carries out a lifting movement towards the shutter, so that the shutter and the coating source are positioned one above the other in a sealing manner, i.e. completely closed. Both movements can be carried out independently of each other, so that the shutter can be positioned in any required and desired position.
- the gas plasma is not deflected by the movements of the shutter.
- the shutter can be positioned, for example, by a rotational movement about an axis or by a pivoting movement by moving laterally towards the coating source or by a folding/tilting movement above the coating source. Only then does the relative movement or lifting movement between the shutter and the coating source take place.
- the rotating/swivelling/folding/tilting and/or lifting movements are caused by shutter movement means such as motors or lifting cylinders.
- the shutter system control is located outside the vacuum chamber, so that abrasion caused by mechanical components inside the vacuum chamber is reduced to a minimum.
- the proposed solution allows a much more compact arrangement of different coating sources to take place in a parallel and/or co-coating arrangement (e.g. sputtering arrangement), since cross-contamination of the coating sources is prevented. A large overhang of the shutter plates is no longer necessary.
- the relative movement between the shutter and the coating source is formed by means of bellows or ring seals and/or sliding feedthroughs. This reduces mechanical wear within the vacuum chamber to a minimum. Contamination due to abrasion or mechanical friction does not occur.
- the relative movement between the shutter and the coating source occurs by means of a lifting movement, which occurs either through the shutter or through the coating source.
- a distance between the coating source and the shutter is designed to be adjustable. This has the advantage that the distance between the shutter and the coating source can be set to zero, particularly during maintenance work in the process chamber, so that contamination of the target is prevented.
- Another advantage is that the necessary gap between the coating source and the shutter can be set at the start of the process to ignite the plasma during the sputtering process Coating process, especially with multiple coating sources, the respective coating source that is not currently in use can be optimally shielded in a sealing manner.
- the control of the shutter system according to the invention allows the shutter to be held in any required and desired position. This is made possible by the separately controllable and independently executable movements of the shutter system.
- the shielding is optimized even further if, in a further embodiment of the shutter system according to the invention, the shutter has a cranked edge. Thanks to the cranked edge, the shutter acts like a kind of hood over the coating source, so that cross-contamination can be completely prevented.
- the shutter and the coating source have a round or oval or rectangular or polygonal shape. This means that the shutter can be adapted to the shape of the coating source to be covered in order to seal it optimally.
- the shutter system of the sputtering system can also be easily adapted to any coating source.
- the method according to the invention for protecting a coating source, in particular a reactive, oxygen-sensitive target material, in a sputtering system and the sputtering system according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention can be used for any coating source with a directed particle stream.
- An effective prevention of cross-contamination of the coating source and the Preventing reactions with a reactive target material is therefore simple and compact.
- the invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.
- the associated drawings show: FIG.
- FIG. 1 Sputtering system according to the invention with a coating source (a sputtering target) in a coating source space, which can be closed with a shutter with a cranked edge;
- FIG. 2 Schematic representation of process steps a) to i) according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the sputtering system 1 according to the invention, which comprises a process chamber 2 in which at least one coating source space 3 is arranged, which is formed from a coating source 4 and a shutter 5.
- the process chamber 2 also has an inlet valve 6 for a reacting gas, a ventilation valve 7 for the process chamber 2, a vacuum pump 8 and a glove box 9 for carrying out maintenance work or changing the substrate and / or target 11, without this Having to interrupt the vacuum in the process chamber 2.
- the coating source space 3 additionally has an inlet 10 for a protective gas, e.g. B. nitrogen and / or argon.
- a protective gas e.g. B. nitrogen and / or argon.
- the protective gas which is pressurized into the coating source space 3 with an excess pressure compared to a vacuum chamber pressure within the process chamber 2 and later with an atmospheric pressure outside the process chamber 2 when the process chamber 2 is ventilated, prevents oxygen from penetrating into the coating source space 3 through a residual gap.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the process steps according to the invention using the sputtering system according to the invention. In a normal coating process, the substrate 13 to be coated is located in the process or vacuum chamber 2 opposite the coating source 4.
- the coating source space 3 is open, that is, the shutter 5 is pivoted/rotated/folded to the side so that material from the target 11 is removed / sputtered and deposited on the substrate surface 13.
- the shutter 5 is moved again in front of the coating source 4 in such a way that no gap remains between the shutter 5 and the coating source 4. This is ensured mechanically by the additional relative movement between shutter 5 and coating source 4.
- the control of the shutter system 5 is located outside the vacuum chamber 2, so that abrasion caused by mechanical components within the vacuum chamber 2 is reduced to a minimum.
- the coating source 4 is now switched off.
- a protective gas e.g. B. nitrogen or argon is introduced into the coating source space 3 via a gas inlet 10.
- the process chamber 2 is then filled with an exhaust gas, e.g. B. CO 2 , flooded so that components in the vacuum chamber 2 can react and the process chamber 2 is neutralized inside.
- an overpressure is generated in the coating source space 3 to prevent the penetration of particles and gases, e.g. B. oxygen, to effectively prevent.
- the gas is pumped out of the process chamber 2 and the excess pressure in the coating source space 3 is further maintained.
- nitrogen or another substance is supplied via a ventilation valve 7 Ventilation gas is passed into the process chamber 2 and a small excess pressure compared to an atmospheric pressure outside the process chamber 2 is further maintained in the coating source space 3.
- the process chamber 2 can then be opened and necessary maintenance work etc. can be carried out, with the constant low overpressure in the coating source space 3 completely preventing contamination of the reactive, in particular oxygen-sensitive, target materials 11.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022106547 | 2022-03-21 | ||
| DE102022129017.4A DE102022129017A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-11-03 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schutz sauerstoffsensitiver Targetmaterialien in einer Beschichtungsquelle |
| PCT/EP2023/054346 WO2023179998A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-02-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz sauerstoffsensitiver targetmaterialien in einer beschichtungsquelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4496908A1 true EP4496908A1 (de) | 2025-01-29 |
Family
ID=85384362
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23707672.4A Withdrawn EP4496908A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-02-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz sauerstoffsensitiver targetmaterialien in einer beschichtungsquelle |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250239442A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4496908A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025509916A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250003593A (de) |
| TW (1) | TW202413669A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023179998A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4294678A (en) * | 1979-11-28 | 1981-10-13 | Coulter Systems Corporation | Apparatus and method for preventing contamination of sputtering targets |
| JPS58210166A (ja) * | 1982-06-02 | 1983-12-07 | Hitachi Ltd | スパツタ装置 |
| US9017486B2 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2015-04-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Deposition chamber cleaning method including stressed cleaning layer |
| US20210140035A1 (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-13 | Kurt J. Lesker Company | Compound Motion Vacuum Environment Deposition Source Shutter Mechanism |
-
2023
- 2023-02-22 JP JP2024556040A patent/JP2025509916A/ja active Pending
- 2023-02-22 TW TW112106405A patent/TW202413669A/zh unknown
- 2023-02-22 US US18/849,306 patent/US20250239442A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-22 KR KR1020247034488A patent/KR20250003593A/ko active Pending
- 2023-02-22 EP EP23707672.4A patent/EP4496908A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2023-02-22 WO PCT/EP2023/054346 patent/WO2023179998A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20250003593A (ko) | 2025-01-07 |
| JP2025509916A (ja) | 2025-04-11 |
| US20250239442A1 (en) | 2025-07-24 |
| WO2023179998A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
| TW202413669A (zh) | 2024-04-01 |
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