EP4480601A1

EP4480601A1 - Tundish and continuous casting method using same

Info

Publication number: EP4480601A1
Application number: EP23795948.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Kohei Furumai; Norichika Aramaki
Original assignee: JFE Steel Corp
Current assignee: JFE Steel Corp
Priority date: 2022-04-26
Filing date: 2023-03-16
Publication date: 2024-12-25
Also published as: JP7711755B2; US20250222515A1; EP4480601A4; KR20240167900A; JPWO2023210201A1; CN118922261A; WO2023210201A1

Abstract

Provided is a technology capable of efficiently and inexpensively promoting the floatation of inclusions. Specifically, provided is a tundish including a weir between a molten steel pouring portion in which a flow of molten steel poured from a ladle collides with a bottom of the tundish and a molten steel outlet port through which the molten steel flows from the tundish to a casting mold, the weir including a wall portion and a hood-shaped portion provided at an upper end of the wall portion surrounding the molten steel pouring portion from all sides of the molten steel pouring portion and extending upward from the bottom of the tundish, and the hood-shaped portion facing the molten steel pouring portion and protruding in a horizontal direction, characterized in that the weir includes one or more notches continuous from the wall portion to the hood-shaped portion, and includes a refractory bottom surrounded by the wall portion and including a first porous portion, and also includes a first gas inlet pipe connected to the first porous portion within the weir and within the refractory including the first porous portion, and the tundish further optionally includes a bottom refractory provided with a second porous portion and with a second gas inlet pipe connected to the second porous portion, at the bottom of the tundish between the weir and the molten steel outlet port.

Description

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a tundish for supplying molten metal poured from a ladle therein to a casting mold in a continuous casting step and capable of efficiently removing non-metallic inclusions in the molten metal poured into the tundish, and a continuous casting method using such a tundish.

Background Art

To produce high-quality steel materials, there is a need for further improvement in the technology for higher cleanliness of molten steel. Non-metallic inclusions such as Al₂O₃, which is a deoxidation product, in molten steel may cause defects after a rolling process. Thus, such non-metallic inclusions need to be separated and removed as much as possible prior to a casting process. A tundish is used to float and separate such non-metallic inclusions that flow out with the molten steel when it is tapped from a ladle. The higher the floatation separation rate of the non-metallic inclusions, the higher the cleanliness of the molten steel that can be produced.
Methods have been proposed for efficiently floating and separating inclusions in a tundish. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technology for promoting the effect of floating inclusions, using a method for producing clean steel including providing a tundish with a perforated weir extending from the bottom of the tundish to a position above the surface of molten metal and thus dividing the tundish into a steel-receiving region for receiving molten steel from a ladle and a near-stationary steel region including an outlet port for directing the molten steel to a casting mold, and immersing a pouring nozzle from the ladle in the molten steel in the steel-receiving region to supply the molten steel.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a technology for, to a tundish divided into a steel-receiving side and an outlet port side by a perforated weir in contact with the bottom wall of the tundish and having holes, providing a lower weir with an open upper portion, on the outlet port side of the perforated weir, and optimizing the shape of the tundish, the positions of the weirs, and the shapes and positions of the holes.
Patent Literature 3 discloses a technology for enhancing the effect of floating inclusions by providing a weir including flowing holes between a pouring position for receiving molten steel from a ladle and an outlet port to a casting mold, and blowing a predetermined amount of an inert gas into the molten steel from the bottom of the tundish on the outlet port side of the weir.

Citation List

Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP-S53-6231
Patent Literature 2: JP-H10-216909
Patent Literature 3 JP-2011-143449

Summary of Invention

Technical Problem

However, the above conventional technologies have the following problems.
In the technology described in Patent Literature 1, holes for taking out the residual steel are provided in the perforated weir on the bottom side of the tundish. It is therefore concerned, after inclusions in the molten steel pass through a region around the bottom of the perforated weir, the inclusions may flow out due to a short-circuit flow that is flowing around the bottom of the tundish toward the outlet port for the molten steel.
In the technology of Patent Literature 2, after inclusions in molten steel pass through the perforated weir, the floatation of the inclusions is promoted by the lower weir. However, the effect of floating the inclusions is insufficient. Further, since molten steel remains on the steel-receiving side of the lower weir after the completion of a casting process, the costs of residual steel may increase.
The technology of Patent Literature 3 increases the effect of floating inclusions by blowing an inert gas into molten steel. However, unless the proportion of the gas volume in the molten steel is increased, only a small effect of floating the inclusions can be obtained. In contrast, if the gas flow rate is increased, the surface of the molten steel will fluctuate when bubbles burst. Thus, there is a concern that the molten steel may be contaminated due to the entrapment of tundish slag, which remains on the surface of the molten steel.
The present invention is made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to provide a tundish capable of efficiently and inexpensively promoting the floatation of inclusions contained in molten steel poured into the tundish from a ladle, and a continuous casting method using such a tundish.

Solution to Problem

A tundish according to the present invention for solving the above problems includes a weir provided between a molten steel pouring portion in which a flow of molten steel poured from a ladle collides with a bottom of the tundish and a molten steel outlet port through which the molten steel flows from the tundish to a casting mold. The weir includes a wall portion surrounding the molten steel pouring portion from all sides and extending upward from the bottom of the tundish, and a hood-shaped portion provided at an upper end of the wall portion and protruding in a horizontal direction while facing the molten steel pouring portion. The weir includes one or more notches continuous from the wall portion to the hood-shaped portion, and includes a refractory bottom surrounded by the wall portion and including a first porous portion, and also includes a first gas inlet pipe connected to the first porous portion within the weir and within the refractory including the first porous portion. The tundish further optionally includes a bottom refractory provided with a second porous portion and with a second gas inlet pipe connected to the second porous portion, at the bottom of the tundish between the weir and the molten steel outlet port.
Note that the tundish according to the present invention may further include, as a more preferable solution means, a precast refractory installed on a wall portion of the tundish and including a third gas inlet pipe connected to the first gas inlet pipe or the second gas inlet pipe or extending from the first gas inlet pipe or the second gas inlet pipe.
A continuous casting method according to the present invention is a method for producing a cast steel slab by continuous casting, including using the above tundish and pouring molten steel from the tundish into a casting mold while blowing an inert gas into the molten steel from the first porous portion through the first gas inlet pipe at a flow rate R1 of the inert gas per unit area of a bottom of the weir controlled in a range of 0.02 to 1.0 NL/(s·m²).
Note that the continuous casting method according to the present invention may further include, as a more preferable solution means, blowing an inert gas into the molten steel from the second porous portion through the second gas inlet pipe at a flow rate R2 of the inert gas per unit area of the second porous portion controlled in a range of 0.1 to 10 NL/(s·m²).

Advantageous Effects of Invention

With the tundish according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress a short-circuit flow of molten steel, which has been poured from a ladle, around the bottom of the tundish and to change a flow of the molten steel to the upward direction, thereby promoting the floatation separation of inclusions. It is also possible to promote the floatation separation of inclusions with the rise of air bubbles from a porous portion of a weir.
In addition, the tundish according to the present invention can further promote the floatation separation of inclusions by air bubbles blown into the molten steel through a porous portion provided in a bottom refractory between the weir and a molten steel outlet port, before the molten steel flows out to a casting mold, which is preferable.
The tundish according to the present invention further includes a precast refractory having a gas inlet pipe therein and installed on a wall portion of the tundish, thereby enabling easy installation of an apparatus for blowing a gas into molten steel from a porous portion provided at the bottom of the weir or the bottom of the tundish. This can reduce obstructions to the operation due to failures in the installation, and thus can avoid risks, such as the leakage of steel, which is preferable from a safety perspective.
In the continuous casting method according to the present invention, the tundish is used, and the amount of an inert gas blown from the bottom of the weir or the bottom of the tundish is controlled to be in an appropriate range. This is sufficient for floatation separation of inclusions and can also suppress the entrapment of slag in the molten steel from the surface of the molten steel in the tundish. Thus, highly cleanliness steel can be easily produced.

Brief Description of Drawings

[Figs. 1] are schematic cross-sectional views of a tundish according to an embodiment of the present invention in which (a) is a cross-sectional view along line A-A, (b) is a cross-sectional view along line B-B, and (c) is a cross-sectional view along line C-C.
[Fig. 2] is a graph illustrating the influence of the flow rate R1 of an inert gas per unit area of the bottom of a weir on the number of inclusions that flow out to a cast steel slab.
[Fig. 3] is a graph illustrating the influence of the flow rate R2 of an inert gas per unit area of a porous portion of a refractory provided at the bottom of a tundish on the number of inclusions that flow out to a cast steel slab.
[Fig. 4] is a graph illustrating the number of inclusions that flow out to each cast steel slab obtained by casting under the gas blowing conditions shown in Table 1.

Description of Embodiments

An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. Note that the drawings are only schematic, and thus may differ from the actual ones. In addition, the following embodiment only illustrates examples of an apparatus and a method for embodying the technical idea of the present invention. Thus, the configuration of the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the technical idea of the present invention can be modified in various ways within the technical scope recited in the claims.
Figs. 1 schematically show a tundish according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view along line A-A, Fig. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view along line B-B, and Fig. 1(c) is a cross-sectional view along line C-C. A tundish 1 of this embodiment is an intermediate vessel used in continuous casting of steel for pouring molten steel in a ladle into a casting mold for continuous casting. The tundish 1 is a vessel that is substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with an open upper face, for example. The tundish 1 is supplied with molten steel from a ladle (not shown) through a pouring nozzle 2. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the stored molten steel is supplied into respective casting molds (not shown) through two molten steel outlet ports 3 provided at the bottom.
In this embodiment, a weir 4 is provided between a molten steel pouring portion 2a, in which a flow of molten steel poured from the ladle collides with a bottom 1a of the tundish, and the molten steel outlet port 3, through which the molten steel flows from the tundish 1. The weir 4 includes a wall portion 4a surrounding the molten steel pouring portion 2a from all sides and extending upward from the bottom 1a of the tundish, and a hood-shaped portion 4b that is provided at an upper end of the wall portion 4a and protrudes in a horizontal direction while facing the molten steel pouring portion 2a. The weir 4 has one or more notches continuous from the wall portion 4a to the hood-shaped portion 4b. The weir 4 has a refractory bottom 4c surrounded by the wall portion 4a and including a first porous portion 4d, and has a first gas inlet pipe 5a connected to the first porous portion 4d within the weir and within the refractory including the first porous portion 4d. The first porous portion 4d preferably accounts for 15% or more of the entire area of the refractory bottom 4c surrounded by the wall portion 4a of the weir 4. Although the upper limit of the area of the first porous portion 4d is not defined herein, the first porous portion 4d is preferably not provided around the point of collision of the molten steel poured from the ladle.
With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress a short-circuit flow of molten steel, which has been poured from the ladle, around the bottom 1a of the tundish and to change a flow of the molten steel to the upward direction, thereby promoting the floatation separation of inclusions. Further, blowing an inert gas from the first porous portion 4d can allow non-metallic inclusions to be trapped by air bubbles of the inert gas and thus can further promote the floatation separation of the inclusions. By providing the first porous portion 4d in the refractory bottom 4c of the molten steel pouring portion 2a, gas bubbles to be separated from the first porous portion 4d are allowed to become finer due to a shearing force generated by a high-speed pouring flow that has collided with the refractory bottom 4c and been directed in the horizontal direction. Thus, the effect of increasing the probability of trapping the inclusions can be achieved.
Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating the influence of the flow rate R1 [NL/(s·m²)] of an inert gas per unit area of the bottom of the weir 4 on the number of inclusions that flow out to a cast steel slab. Regarding the number of inclusions flowing out to the cast steel slab, the number of inclusions with a size of 10 µm or larger in the slab was evaluated by taking five samples from the two largest faces of a slab in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and polishing the plane to be observed of each sample, and then determining the number of inclusions per unit area by microscopic observation. As can be seen from Fig. 2, when R1 is less than 0.02 NL/(s·m²), the effect of floating the inclusions in the tundish is small, which is unfavorable. Meanwhile, when R1 exceeds 1.0 NL/(s·m²), the amount of the gas blown into the molten steel is too large, with the result that a large amount of slag is entrapped in the molten steel in the tundish, which is unfavorable. Therefore, the flow rate R1 of the inert gas per unit area of the bottom of the weir 4 needs to be controlled to be in the range of 0.02 to 1.0 NL/(s·m²). Preferably, the flow rate R1 of the inert gas is in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 NL/(s·m²).
To supply an inert gas to the first porous portion 4d, it is preferable to provide a precast refractory 6 that is installed on the wall portion of the tundish 1 and includes a third gas inlet pipe 5c connected to or extending from the first gas inlet pipe 5a provided in the weir 4. This makes it easier to install a refractory to the tundish and thus can reduce obstructions to the operation due to failures in the installation.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable to, optionally, provide a refractory 7, which includes a second porous portion 7a and a second gas inlet pipe 5b connected to the second porous portion 7a, at the bottom 1a of the tundish at a position between the weir 4 and the molten steel outlet port 3. It is preferable to provide a precast refractory 6 that is installed on the wall portion of the tundish 1 and includes a third gas inlet pipe 5c connected to or extending from the second gas inlet pipe 5b. The refractory 7 and the precast refractory 6 may be integrally formed. The refractory 7 is preferably installed across the entire bottom 1a of the tundish in a direction orthogonal to a flow of molten steel, which has been poured from the ladle, toward the molten steel outlet port 3 to the casting mold. This can generate a flow toward the surface of the tundish as with a lower weir, and thus can promote the floatation separation of inclusions. Besides, as shown in Fig. 1, it is also possible to provide an upper weir 8 on the upstream side of the position where the refractory 7 having the second porous portion 7a is provided, that is, on the side for receiving steel from the ladle. This can prevent the inclusions floating on the steel-receiving side from flowing to the side for pouring the steel into the casting mold.
Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the flow rate R2 [NL/(s·m²)] of an inert gas per unit area of the second porous portion 7a of the refractory 7 and the density of the number of inclusions in a slab. Regarding Fig. 3, tests were conducted without blowing an inert gas into molten steel through the first porous portion 4d provided in the weir 4. The evaluation of inclusions was conducted in a manner similar to the above. As can be seen from Fig. 3, when R2 is less than 0.1 NL/(s·m²), the effect of floating inclusions in the tundish is small, which is unfavorable. Meanwhile, when R2 exceeds 10 NL/(s·m²), the amount of the gas blown into the molten steel is too large, with the result that a large amount of slag is entrapped in the molten steel in the tundish, which is unfavorable. Therefore, the flow rate R2 of the inert gas per unit area of the second porous portion 7a is preferably controlled to be in the range of 0.1 to 10 NL/(s·m²).
Integrally forming the refractory 7 including the second porous portion 7a with the precast refractory 6 installed on the wall portion of the tundish 1 can reduce the time required to perform maintenance on the tundish, which is preferable.
Each of the first porous portion 4d and the second porous portion 7a can be prepared by using as aggregate spherical particles containing alumina as a main component, and baking them at 1600°C or higher. The average pore size of each of the first porous portion 4d and the second porous portion 7a is preferably 20 to 120 µm. The average pore size can be determined using mercury porosimetry and so on in accordance with JIS R 1655:2003, for example. Setting the average pore size to such a range can control the size of air bubbles blown into molten steel to be in a predetermined range, which is effective in suppressing the inclusion of slag in the molten steel.

Example

Three hundred tons of molten steel prepared by blowing oxygen in a converter and performing a vacuum degassing process in an RH vacuum degassing apparatus was stored in a ladle. Then, a continuous casting process was performed by pouring the molten steel from the ladle into a casting mold through the tundish 1 shown in Fig. 1. In the tundish 1, the flow rate R1 [NL/(s·m²)] of an inert gas per unit area of the bottom of the weir 4, as well as the flow rate R2 [NL/(s·m²)] of an inert gas per unit area of the second porous portion 7a of the refractory 7 disposed between the weir 4 and the outlet port 3 was adjusted under the conditions shown in Table 1. The density of the number of inclusions in the slab after each process was inspected in a manner similar to the above. Fig. 4 shows a graph of the results.

Table 1

No.	Gas Flow Rate Density R1 at Bottom of Weir	Gas Flow Rate Density R2 at Bottom of TD	Remarks
No.	NL/(s ·m²)	NL/(s ·m²)	Remarks
1	0	0	Conventional Example
2	0.4	0	Invention Example
3	0.6	0	Invention Example
4	0.8	0	Invention Example
5	0	2	Reference Example
6	0	4	Reference Example
7	0	6	Reference Example
8	0	8	Reference Example
9	0.2	2	Invention Example
10	0.4	2	Invention Example
11	0.6	4	Invention Example
12	0.8	8	Invention Example
13	0.01	0.2	Comparative Example
14	0.01	13	Comparative Example
15	1.2	0.2	Comparative Example
16	1.2	13	Comparative Example

Test No. 1 is a conventional example in which R1 and R2 were each set to zero. Test Nos. 2 to 4 are invention examples in which an appropriate amount of an inert gas was blown into the molten steel only from the first porous portion 4d at the bottom of the weir 4. Test Nos. 5 to 8 are reference examples in which an appropriate amount of an inert gas was blown only from the second porous portion 7a provided at the bottom of the tundish between the weir 4 and the outlet port 3. Test Nos. 9 to 12 are invention examples in which both the above examples were combined and an appropriate amount of an inert gas was blown into the molten steel. Test Nos. 13 to 16 are comparative examples in which the amount of an inert gas blown into the molten steel was outside an appropriate range. From the results in Fig. 4, it is found that, in the invention examples in which an inert gas was blown within an amount in an appropriate range, the cleanliness of the slab is significantly higher than that of the conventional examples and the comparative examples.
In this specification, symbol "L" that is the unit of a volume means 10^-3 m³, and symbol "N" used for the volume of a gas represents the volume in the standard state, that is, at a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 101325 Pa.

Reference Signs List

1: tundish
1a: bottom of tundish
2: pouring nozzle
2a: molten steel pouring portion
3: molten steel outlet port
4: weir
4a: wall portion
4b: hood-shaped portion
4c: refractory bottom
4d: (first) porous portion
5a: (first) gas inlet pipe
5b: (second) gas inlet pipe
5c: (third) gas inlet pipe
6: precast refractory
7: refractory (including porous portion)
7a: (second) porous portion
8: upper weir

Claims

A tundish comprising a weir provided between a molten steel pouring portion in which a flow of molten steel poured from a ladle collides with a bottom of the tundish and a molten steel outlet port through which the molten steel flows from the tundish to a casting mold, the weir including
a wall portion surrounding the molten steel pouring portion from all sides and extending upward from the bottom of the tundish, and

a hood-shaped portion provided at an upper end of the wall portion and protruding in a horizontal direction while facing the molten steel pouring portion,
characterized in that
the weir includes one or more notches continuous from the wall portion to the hood-shaped portion, and includes a refractory bottom surrounded by the wall portion and including a first porous portion, and also includes a first gas inlet pipe connected to the first porous portion within the weir and within the refractory including the first porous portion, and

the tundish further optionally includes a bottom refractory provided with a second porous portion and with a second gas inlet pipe connected to the second porous portion, at the bottom of the tundish between the weir and the molten steel outlet port.
The tundish according to claim 1, further comprising a precast refractory installed on a wall portion of the tundish and including a third gas inlet pipe connected to the first gas inlet pipe or the second gas inlet pipe or extending from the first gas inlet pipe or the second gas inlet pipe.
A continuous casting method for producing a cast steel slab, comprising using the tundish according to claim 1 or 2 and pouring molten steel from the tundish into a casting mold while blowing an inert gas into the molten steel from the first porous portion through the first gas inlet pipe at a flow rate R1 of the inert gas per unit area of a bottom of the weir controlled in a range of 0.02 to 1.0 NL/(s·m²) to produce a cast steel slab.
The continuous casting method according to claim 3, further comprising blowing an inert gas into the molten steel from the second porous portion through the second gas inlet pipe at a flow rate R2 of the inert gas per unit area of the second porous portion controlled in a range of 0.1 to 10 NL/(s·m²).