EP4472761A1 - Thermochemisches reaktorsystem sowie solaranlage mit thermochemischem reaktorsystem - Google Patents
Thermochemisches reaktorsystem sowie solaranlage mit thermochemischem reaktorsystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP4472761A1 EP4472761A1 EP23704071.2A EP23704071A EP4472761A1 EP 4472761 A1 EP4472761 A1 EP 4472761A1 EP 23704071 A EP23704071 A EP 23704071A EP 4472761 A1 EP4472761 A1 EP 4472761A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- heating chamber
- chamber
- opening
- reactor system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J16/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/1825—Tubular reactors in parallel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/007—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes provided with moving parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/003—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor in a downward flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/061—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water with metal oxides
- C01B3/063—Cyclic methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J16/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J16/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00433—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
- B01J2208/00451—Sunlight; Visible light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00752—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00761—Discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/06—Details of tube reactors containing solid particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00139—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
- B01J2219/00144—Sunlight; Visible light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
- B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
- B01J2219/1943—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/20—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using chemical reactions, e.g. thermochemical reactions or isomerisation reactions
Definitions
- thermochemical reactor system and solar systems with thermochemical reactor system
- the present invention relates to a thermochemical reactor system and a solar system with a thermochemical reactor system.
- a redox material for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas, the redox material being used in redox cycle processes for splitting water and CO 2 .
- the redox material is heated for chemical reduction.
- the heating is carried out using solar energy, with the redox material absorbing concentrated solar radiation.
- Initial concepts envisage that a particulate solid medium is used for the solar generation of hydrogen by means of such thermochemical cycle processes.
- the solid medium is thermally reduced with the help of solar energy at high temperatures via a chemical reaction and thus activated for the subsequent reaction. Steam is added to this at a later point in time.
- the medium is oxidized by the oxygen in the water, producing hydrogen.
- the oxidized medium has to be reduced again at high temperatures.
- the particles fall freely through the focus of the concentrated solar radiation or are moved by it. Then, the particles are moved into a reactor to carry out the oxidation.
- DE 10 2018 201 319 A1 discloses a system in which blocks of redox material are transported through the receiver by means of a conveyor device.
- the transport of the blocks through the receiver is problematic due to the high temperatures.
- the reactor system according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 1.
- the solar system according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 22.
- the reactor system according to the invention has a heating chamber and at least one reactor with a reactor chamber, which has a first opening, and with a first separating device, via which the first opening can be opened and closed in a gas-tight manner.
- a conduit device for supplying and/or removing fluid is connected to the reactor chamber.
- the at least one reactor has at least one reaction device with at least one solid medium block.
- the reactor system according to the invention also has at least one transport device via which the at least one reaction device is removed from the reactor chamber through the first opening into a first position in which the at least one reaction device is at least partially arranged in the heating chamber, and out of the heating chamber into a second position in which which the at least one reaction device is at least partially arranged in the reactor chamber of the at least one reactor, can be transported.
- the at least one reaction device is heatable in its first position in the heating chamber to activate the at least one block of solid medium.
- the reactor chamber also has a second opening, which is arranged on the reactor on the opposite side of the first opening, the at least one transport device being guidable or guided through the second opening in order to transport the at least one reaction device, with a second separating device the second opening can be opened and closed in a gas-tight manner.
- the second separating device has a sealing plate and a sealing device is arranged between the sealing plate and a wall section surrounding the second opening on the side of the sealing plate facing away from the reactor chamber.
- the at least one reactor can thus be arranged directly on the heating chamber or connected to it, for example, via a connecting piece.
- the at least one reaction device in the heating chamber can be heated, for example, by means of an arc plasma or a heat transfer medium, for example a gas, introduced into the heating chamber, with the heat transfer medium being produced outside the reactor system in a conventional manner, for example via a combustion or solar process. can be heated.
- a heat transfer medium for example a gas
- the heating chamber has at least one radiation opening, it being possible to introduce concentrated solar radiation into the heating chamber through the radiation opening.
- the Reaction device can be designed as a solar absorber device, so that the concentrated solar radiation is radiated onto the solid medium block and absorbed by this for heating the solid medium block.
- the reaction device is heated at least partially indirectly via solar radiation, in which the heating chamber is heated by concentrated solar radiation and the reaction device is heated by thermal radiation in the heating chamber and solar radiation reflected in the heating chamber.
- the reactor system according to the invention advantageously enables the reaction device to be transported from the reactor chamber into the heating chamber and back again into the reactor chamber.
- the first and second separation device makes it possible to create a different atmosphere in the reactor chamber than the environment and, for example, from the heating chamber, for example to carry out a reaction, by sealing the reactor chamber gas-tight with respect to the other by means of the first and second separation device.
- the solid medium block can be activated by heating so that it is prepared for the subsequent reaction in the reactor chamber.
- the sealing device is arranged between the sealing plate and the wall section surrounding the second opening on the side of the sealing plate facing away from the reactor chamber, an axial seal is formed. This has the advantage that when an overpressure is generated in the reactor chamber, the sealing plate is pressed in the closed state away from the reactor chamber, which increases the contact pressure of the sealing device and thus increases the sealing effect.
- the sealing device can be arranged on the sealing plate and/or the wall section surrounding the second opening.
- the heating chamber can be arranged, for example, as a solar radiation receiver on a solar tower, with the concentrated solar radiation being directed onto the solar radiation receiver by means of one or more heliostats, or as a receiver on a solar dish system.
- the solid medium block may have a cube shape, a parallelepiped shape, a circular cylinder or cylinder shape, a cone shape, or a more complex shape.
- the reaction device can also have a plurality of solid medium blocks which have one of the forms mentioned.
- the reaction device can also have a plurality of solid medium blocks which are assembled into a rod shape, for example.
- a circular-cylindrical block of solid medium has the particular advantage that relatively uniform heating can take place when it is irradiated from several sides, for example by means of thermal radiation.
- the solid medium block may consist of a redox material such as CeC, doped CeC, CuzO/CuO, MnsCu/MnzCh, COO/CO3O4, ferrites (AxFes-xCU) or perovskites.
- a redox material such as CeC, doped CeC, CuzO/CuO, MnsCu/MnzCh, COO/CO3O4, ferrites (AxFes-xCU) or perovskites.
- the activation in the heating chamber takes place as a reduction.
- the material of the solid medium block is preferably porous. As a result, parts of concentrated solar radiation or thermal radiation radiated onto the reaction device in the heating chamber can penetrate into the interior of the solid medium block, so that improved absorption of the radiation or solar radiation and thus heating of the solid medium block can be achieved. When heated with a heat transfer medium, a larger surface is formed due to the porosity, which improves the heat transfer.
- the increased surface area of the solid medium block When used as a reaction medium, the increased surface area of the solid medium block also offers an increased reaction surface area, as a result of which the reactions can take place in an improved manner.
- the reaction device according to the invention preferably has a solid medium block made from a redox material, so that the reaction device can be used in a redox cycle process.
- the redox material can be used in the heating chamber in an appropriate atmosphere, for example with a reduced total pressure, by means of the concentrated solar radiation are heated, resulting in a reduction of the redox material.
- the reaction device is transported into the reactor chamber, which can be separated from the heating chamber by means of the separating device.
- water vapor for example, is fed to the reduced redox material via the line device, the water vapor being split, with the result that hydrogen is produced.
- the reaction apparatus of the present invention may also include a solid media block of another material (e.g., a catalyst material) used for reactions other than redox reactions.
- the solid medium block can also consist of a material whose surface binds molecules (adsorption), for example an alkali metal oxide or an alkaline earth metal oxide, for example CaO.
- a pane that is transparent to solar radiation is understood to mean a pane that has a hemispherical, solar (AMI, 5) transmittance of at least 85% for solar radiation.
- AMI hemispherical, solar
- the heating chamber can be closed, so that a desired atmosphere can be generated in the heating chamber.
- a gas suction device for example at least one vacuum pump, can be provided on the heating chamber, so that a negative pressure can be generated in the heating chamber.
- a purge gas can also be used to remove oxygen.
- Appropriate lines can be connected to the heating chamber for the flushing gas.
- the released oxygen can advantageously be sucked out of the heating chamber at least partially by means of gas suction.
- a low oxygen partial pressure therefore prevails in the heating chamber, so that the reduction reaction is promoted and renewed oxidation of the solid medium is prevented.
- an oxygen-absorbing material is arranged in the heating chamber or in a chamber connected to it.
- the oxygen-scavenging material can also be used, for example, in combination with a purge gas.
- Such an arrangement enables the reaction devices to be transported from the heating chamber into the reactor chamber and back in a particularly simple manner, since the transport only has to take place in one direction, namely the vertical direction. Since the reaction devices have very high temperatures after being irradiated with the concentrated solar radiation, the handling of the reaction devices is relatively complex in terms of design due to the thermal loads on the environment. Due to the arrangement of the heating chamber and the reactor chamber according to the invention, transport in only one direction is necessary, so that the transport device can be designed in a correspondingly simple manner. As a result, the design effort is kept comparatively low even in the case of high thermal loads.
- the arrangement of the at least one reactor directly on the heating chamber also means that the transport routes are very short.
- the heating chamber has walls absorbing solar radiation, wherein solar radiation radiated into the heating chamber through the at least one radiation opening can be absorbed for heating the walls.
- the heating chamber forms a cavity in which the incident solar radiation is absorbed.
- a reaction device set in the heating chamber can be heated by thermal radiation radiated from the walls.
- the walls of the heating chamber can partially reflect the solar radiation and for the solar radiation to be fully absorbed only after multiple reflections on the walls.
- the reflected solar radiation can, for example, also hit one of the reaction devices and be absorbed by it, which also contributes to the heating of the reaction device.
- a receiving chamber which is separated from the heating chamber by a partition wall, can adjoin the heating chamber.
- the at least one transport device and the at least one reactor can be arranged in the receiving chamber.
- the first openings are arranged in the partition, for example.
- the reactor system according to the invention can have, for example, a two-part container which forms the heating chamber and the receiving chamber.
- the heating chamber and the receiving chamber are separated from one another by means of the partition wall.
- the at least one first opening is arranged in the partition wall.
- the at least one reactor is arranged on the side of the dividing wall facing the receiving chamber and is fastened to the dividing wall.
- the receiving chamber forms an advantageous space for arranging the at least one reactor and the at least one transport device.
- the partition separates the heating chamber and the receiving chamber.
- a thermal separation from the heating chamber can also be provided, so that the receiving chamber is prevented from being heated too much.
- the reactor system according to the invention has a plurality of reactors with at least one reactor chamber, with each reactor chamber having a first opening via which the reactor chamber is connected, for example, to the heating chamber, with the first openings each being openable and gas-tightly closable via a first separating device and wherein each reactor has a respective reaction device.
- each reactor chamber having a heating chamber and a receiving chamber, all of the reactors may be located in the receiving chamber and the first openings formed in the partition.
- multiple reaction devices can be used. This makes it possible to operate the reactor system according to the invention continuously, for example, by arranging only part of the reaction devices in the heating chamber and the other part for carrying out, for example, an oxidation reaction in the respective reactor chambers.
- the first separating device can have a sliding plate which closes the first opening in a gas-tight manner. If several reactors are provided, each first separation device can have a corresponding slide plate.
- the first opening can be closed in a structurally simple manner by means of a sliding plate.
- gas-tight sealing of the closed first opening can advantageously be achieved by means of a sliding plate.
- the sliding plate can be raised by means of an incline, for example by means of a wedge, to achieve a sealing effect and pressed against a guide plate. It is preferably provided that the sealing takes place on the side of the sliding plate facing the heating chamber, for example by means of a seal arranged on this side of the sliding plate. This has the advantage that the generation of an overpressure prevailing in the reactor chamber presses the sliding plate in the closed state in the direction of the heating chamber, as a result of which the contact pressure of the seal is increased.
- the sealing plate is designed as a sliding plate which closes the second opening in a gas-tight manner.
- the first and second separating device can thus be of essentially the same design.
- the reaction device has a base device on which the sealing plate is arranged. If several reactors are provided, each reaction device can have a corresponding base device.
- the second separating device can thus also be designed in a form in which the base device of the reaction device forms at least part of the second separating device.
- the base device can do the carry at least one solid medium block.
- the transport device for transporting the reaction device can act on the base device.
- the at least one solid medium block can be mounted on the base means. This can be done via a connecting device, for example by screwing or by means of a rod.
- the base device can also consist of the same material as the at least one solid medium block and can be cohesively connected to the at least one solid medium block.
- the sealing plate in this embodiment abuts the area surrounding the second opening to effect the sealing.
- This embodiment also has the advantage that an overpressure generated in the reactor chamber presses the sealing plate and thus the entire reaction device against this area.
- the transport device can be firmly connected to the base device.
- a contact pressure of the sealing plate which is necessary to achieve a sealing effect, can be generated via the transport device.
- the transport device is detachable from the base device.
- the first separating device can have a vacuum seal and/or the sealing device of the second separating device can have a vacuum seal.
- a sealing effect can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner by means of a vacuum seal.
- the first and/or the second separating device each have a further seal, which reduces convective heat transport to the vacuum seal. This can protect the vacuum seal from excessive heating.
- One embodiment of the invention provides that at least one holder for the at least one reaction device is arranged in the reactor chamber.
- the transport device on the reaction device settle the holder so that the reaction device is arranged in the reactor chamber in a defined position.
- the transport device can remove the reaction device from the holder.
- the heating chamber has a plurality of radiation openings which are arranged on different sides of the heating chamber. In this way, concentrated solar radiation can be introduced into the heating chamber from different sides.
- the multiple radiation openings can each be sealed with a pane that is transparent to the solar radiation.
- the at least one radiation opening can have a secondary concentrator.
- the secondary concentrator By means of the secondary concentrator, it can be achieved in an advantageous manner that a very large proportion of the solar radiation radiated onto the radiation opening reaches the heating chamber.
- the heating chamber may have a circular cylindrical shape with a domed ceiling.
- the underside of the heating chamber can also have a curved shape.
- Such a shape of the heating chamber has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the circular-cylindrical shape with a curved top and optionally a curved underside can achieve particularly high stability of the heating chamber.
- the receiving chamber has a circular-cylindrical shape adapted to the heating chamber.
- the invention also relates to a solar system with a plurality of reflectors concentrating solar radiation and a reactor system according to the invention.
- the concentrating reflectors are designed as heliostats. If the heating chamber has a plurality of radiation openings, the heliostats can be arranged in subfields whose position is adapted to the individual positions of the radiation openings. As a result, solar radiation can advantageously be concentrated onto the reactor system from several sides, and in this way solar radiation can be conducted particularly effectively into the heating chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic overall view of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 2a shows a schematic sectional view of a reactor of the reactor system according to the invention in FIG. 1,
- 3a and 3b are schematic sectional views of a second variant of a reactor of a reactor system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic overall view of a reactor system 1 according to the invention.
- the reactor system 1 has a vessel 2 in which a heating chamber 3 is formed. Below the heating chamber 3 is a Arranged receiving chamber 5, which is separated from the heating chamber 3 by a partition wall 7.
- the container 2 is circular-cylindrical and has a curved ceiling that delimits the heating chamber 3 .
- a plurality of reactors 9 each having a reaction device 11 are arranged in the accommodation space 5 below the heating chamber 3 .
- each reactor 9 has a reactor chamber 13.
- FIG. 1 The reactor chambers 13 are each connected to the heating chamber 3 via a first opening 15 formed in the partition wall 7 .
- the reaction devices 11 can be transported from a first position in which they are at least partially arranged in the heating chamber 3 to a second position in which the reaction devices 11 are each at least partially arranged in one of the reactors 9 .
- a transport device 17 is arranged on each reactor 9, which is also arranged in the receiving chamber 5.
- the reaction devices 11 located in the heating chamber 3 can be heated in the heating chamber 3 so that a solid medium block 19 forming part of the respective reaction device 11 can be activated by reduction.
- the heating chamber 3 can be heated by means of solar radiation.
- the heating chamber 3 has a plurality of radiation openings 21 through which solar radiation can reach the interior of the heating chamber 3 .
- Secondary concentrators 23 are arranged at the radiation openings 21 and improve the entry of radiation into the heating chamber 3 .
- the heating chamber 3 acts as a cavity so that solar radiation irradiated into the heating chamber 3 is absorbed therein.
- the solid medium blocks 19 of the reaction devices 11 are heated and reduced by the heat present in the heating chamber 3 and in particular by thermal radiation from the walls of the heating chamber 3 .
- a negative pressure can be generated in the heating chamber 3 by means of vacuum pumps (not shown), so that the oxygen partial pressure in the heating chamber 3 is lowered and a reduction in the solid medium blocks 19 can take place in an advantageous manner.
- the reaction devices 11 can be transported to the second position where they are placed in the reactors 9 to carry out a reaction such as oxidation.
- the transport devices 17, which are designed, for example, as vertical transport devices, are lowered, so that the reaction devices 11 are moved into the respective reactors 9.
- the reactors 9 have a first separating device 25 which can close the first opening 15 .
- the separating device 25 has a sliding plate 27 which closes the first opening 15 in a gas-tight manner.
- the reaction device 11 has a base device 29 with a sealing plate 31 .
- the solid medium block 19 is arranged on the base device 29 .
- the transport device 17 acts on the underside of the base device 29 .
- the reactor 9 On the side of the reactor 9 facing away from the first opening 15, the reactor 9 has a second opening 33 through which the transport device 17 is guided.
- the second opening 33 can be closed gas-tight by means of the sealing plate 31 .
- the sealing plate 31 is in sealing contact with a wall section of the reactor 9 surrounding the second opening 33 .
- the sealing takes place by means of a sealing device (45), which consists of a vacuum seal 35 and another Gasket 37 surrounding vacuum seal 35 is made.
- the further seal 37 is used for thermal protection of the vacuum seal 35.
- the sealing plate 31 together with the vacuum seal 35 and the further seal 37 forms a second separating device 39 of the reactor 9, which is shown schematically in detail in FIG. 2b.
- the sealing by means of the sealing plate 31 has the particular advantage that when an overpressure is generated in the reactor chamber 13, a pressure can be generated on the sealing plate 31 and thus a downward force, so that the sealing plate 31 is additionally attached to the vacuum seal 35 and the further seal 37 can be pressed. This creates a particularly advantageous sealing effect.
- reaction in the reactor 9 the first separation device 25 and the second separation device 39 are closed.
- a reaction gas can be introduced into the reactor chamber 13 via a line device, not shown, and the reaction gas can be oxidized, for example.
- the first separating device 25 is shown schematically in part.
- the sliding plate 27 is guided in a guide 41 and is moved by means of a drive 43 .
- a further sealing device 46 is arranged on the sliding plate 27 , which can consist of a vacuum seal 35 and a further seal 37 , comparable to the seal of the second separating device 39 .
- the slide plate 27 is slid to close.
- Arranged in the guide 41 are wedges 47 which press the sliding plate 27 in the direction of a sealing surface 49 shortly before it reaches its closed position, so that the further sealing device 46 is pressed against the sealing surface 49 .
- the first separating device 25 also achieves that a Overpressure increases the sealing effect by an additional force on the sliding plate 27.
- the reactor 9 can advantageously be separated from the heating chamber 3 by means of the first separation device 25 .
- FIGS. 3a and 3b A second exemplary embodiment of a reactor 9 of a reactor system 1 is shown schematically in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- Figs. 3a and 3b shown reactor 9 differs from Figs. 2a to 2c reactor 9 shown essentially in the configuration of the reaction device 11 and the second separation device 39.
- the sealing plate 31 is designed as a sliding plate, which is designed essentially the same as the sliding plate 27 of the first separating device 25 . Provision can be made for the sliding plate of the second separating device 39 to be arranged essentially mirror-inverted to the sliding plate 27 of the first separating device 25, so that the seals are arranged on the side facing away from the reactor chamber 13 on the sliding plate of the second separating device 39.
- a holder 51 is arranged in the reactor chamber 13, on which the reaction device 11 is placed and held in its second position.
- the base device 29 is adapted to the holder 51 so that the reaction device 11 is securely placed on the holder 51 .
- the second opening 33 can be opened by means of the second separating device 39, so that the transport device 17 can penetrate into the reactor chamber 13 in order to detach the reaction device 11 from the holder 51 and through the first opening 15, the released from the first separating device 25 so that the solid medium block 19 enters the heating chamber 3 .
- the Rea ktorsy system 1 according to the invention can be part of a solar system and arranged on a solar tower. The solar radiation can be reflected and directed onto the radiation openings 21 by means of heliostats.
- the radiation openings 21 can be closed by panes that are transparent to the solar radiation.
- the solid medium blocks 19 preferably consist of so-called redox material, so that a redox reaction can be carried out in an advantageous manner using the reactor system according to the invention.
- the reaction device 11 can have an elongate shape with a solid medium block 19 designed as a circular cylinder. Such a shape has the particular advantage that relatively uniform heating can take place.
- the transport device 17 can have a guide device arranged in the reactor 9 . This can be shielded from the reaction chamber 13 by means of insulation, which is also used as a radiation shield.
- the insulation can form a gap or several gaps through which a gripper of the transport device 17 is guided, which grips the reaction device 11, for example the base device 29, in order to transport the reaction device 11.
- the guide device can be formed, for example, by two rails located opposite one another, which are each arranged on a side wall of the reactor 9 and are each shielded from the reaction chamber 13 by insulation.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MA71312A MA71312A (fr) | 2022-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Système de réacteur thermochimique et installation solaire avec un système de réacteur thermochimique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022102460.1A DE102022102460A1 (de) | 2022-02-02 | 2022-02-02 | Thermochemisches Reaktorsystem sowie Solaranlage mit thermochemischem Reaktorsystem |
| PCT/EP2023/052518 WO2023148251A1 (de) | 2022-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Thermochemisches reaktorsystem sowie solaranlage mit thermochemischem reaktorsystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4472761A1 true EP4472761A1 (de) | 2024-12-11 |
Family
ID=85202186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23704071.2A Pending EP4472761A1 (de) | 2022-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Thermochemisches reaktorsystem sowie solaranlage mit thermochemischem reaktorsystem |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250214056A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4472761A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022102460A1 (de) |
| MA (1) | MA71312A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023148251A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10107268B1 (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2018-10-23 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Thermal energy storage and power generation systems and methods |
| DE102018201319B4 (de) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-11-19 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Solarstrahlungsempfänger, Reaktorsystem mit einem Solarstrahlungsempfänger, Verfahren zum Erwärmen von Feststoffmedium mittels konzentrierter Solarstrahlung sowie Verfahren zum solaren Betrieb einer thermochemischen Reaktion |
| DE102020118683B4 (de) | 2020-07-15 | 2022-04-21 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Solarabsorbervorrichtung sowie Transportsystem für eine Solarabsorbervorrichtung |
| DE102020118651B4 (de) | 2020-07-15 | 2022-03-31 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Solarstrahlungsreceiver sowie Reaktorsystem mit Solarstrahlungsreceiver |
| DE102021114114B3 (de) | 2021-06-01 | 2022-07-07 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Thermochemisches Reaktorsystem |
-
2022
- 2022-02-02 DE DE102022102460.1A patent/DE102022102460A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-02-02 WO PCT/EP2023/052518 patent/WO2023148251A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-02 MA MA71312A patent/MA71312A/fr unknown
- 2023-02-02 EP EP23704071.2A patent/EP4472761A1/de active Pending
- 2023-02-02 US US18/835,213 patent/US20250214056A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023148251A1 (de) | 2023-08-10 |
| MA71312A (fr) | 2025-04-30 |
| US20250214056A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| DE102022102460A1 (de) | 2023-08-03 |
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