Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional [3D] framework structures
  • E04B2001/1993—Details of framework supporting structure, e.g. posts or walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
  • E04B2001/2415—Brackets, gussets, joining plates
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
  • E04B2001/2433—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts using a removable key
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
  • E04B2001/2445—Load-supporting elements with reinforcement at the connection point other than the connector
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
  • E04B2001/2454—Connections between open and closed section profiles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
  • E04B2001/246—Post to post connections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
  • E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs

Definitions

• This invention relates to a building framework and a method of constructing a building framework.
• Such buildings are made using two conventional techniques.
• a central core is first formed and the building is constructed around that.
• an external framework is built one storey at a time.
• the wall panels of a lower storey are load bearing for the stories above.
• the present invention is aimed at providing the building framework which can be built one storey at a time, but which has improved structural integrity in the event of the failure of one or more wall panels.
• a building framework according to claim 1 According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building framework according to claim 1 .
• a lower wall panel may also not be load bearing for the wall panel above.
• the locating plate may be used between storeys in which case the vertical load bearing elements above and below the plate each extend vertically for a distance spanning a storey of the building.
• the locating plate may be used at the base of the ground floor storey, in which case, the vertical load bearing element above the plate will extend vertically for a distance spanning a storey of the building, while the vertical load bearing element below the plate will extend to the and be anchored on the foundation below.
• Each vertical load bearing element will extend for the height of one storey in a conventional building framework with regularly spaced uniform stories. However, it may extend for more than one storey in a more irregular framework.
• the framework is applicable to any size of building from a single storey to larger multi storey constructions. For larger constructions, heavier duty vertical and horizontal load bearing elements are required.
• the locating plate may engage with the wall panel in any way which prevents lateral movement between the two. For example, they may be clamped together.
• the locating plate may have an opening to locate with a corresponding projection in the adjacent wall panel.
• the locating plate has at least one projection above and/or below the plate in order to locate in a corresponding opening in an adjacent wall panel in order to prevent lateral movement of the wall panel with respect to the plate.
• the projection may be a permanently fixed feature of the plate.
• the locating plate is a stepped bore, the uppermost part of which has a first dimension and the lowermost part of which has a second dimension smaller than the first dimension, and a stepped pin is insertable into the stepped bore, the pin having a shape which is complementary to the stepped bore and a length dimension which is greater than the width of the plate such that it protrudes to provide the projection above and/or below the plate.
• the pin preferably protrudes both above and below the plate, such that the single pin can be used to provide a locating feature both above and below the plate.
• This arrangement makes location of the locating plate with respect to the wall panel below straightforward as the plate can be positioned with the stepped bore above a corresponding opening in the wall below panel prior to insertion of the pin.
• the lower end of the wall panel in the storey above can then be located over the upwardly protruding portion of the pin.
• the wall panel in the storey above can be arranged to bear on the top surface of the pin thereby ensuring that it is firmly located within the stepped bore. This load is transmitted to and distributed across the locating plate by the engagement of the stepped pin within the stepped bore and is therefore not directly transmitted to the wall panel in the storey below.
• the locating plate is preferably provided with at least one elongate through slot and the building framework further comprises at least one strap in the form of a flat plate which passes through the through slot and is fixed to the vertical load bearing elements above and below the locating plate.
• the building framework further comprises at least one strap in the form of a flat plate which passes through the through slot and is fixed to the vertical load bearing elements above and below the locating plate.
• the vertical load bearing element may be any load bearing column such as timber or a closed beam structure. It may have an open beam structure such as an I-beam or C-beam section and the framework may be arranged such that a wall panel extends into the vertical load bearing element. However, preferably, the load bearing plate extends horizontally beyond the vertical load bearing element and supports the wall panels horizontally beyond the vertical load bearing element.
• the floor panels may take any form. For example, they may be in the form of a profiled steel deck into which concrete is subsequently poured. Various connections may then be made to the underside of the floor panel for the necessary building services. However, preferably, the floor panels are in the form of a floor cassette comprising a profiled steel deck; a layer of set concrete on top of the profile steel deck; wherein the steel deck and concrete form a self-supporting structural component; and a non-load bearing element attached to the opposite side of the steel deck on the concrete.
• Such a floor cassette is disclosed in our earlier PCT/EP2021/079329. This provides further simplicity to the manufacture of the building framework in that these cassettes can be formed in a factory setting which is much simpler and more straightforward than pouring the concrete in situ. Further benefits are discussed in PCT/EP2021/079329.
• the floor cassette is supported at locations away from the non-load bearing element such that the non-load bearing elements is suspended from the floor cassette but plays no part in supporting the floor cassette on the horizontal load bearing elements.
• the non-load bearing element may, for example, be a plurality of joists in a beam structure with openings to allow services to pass, in use, through the joists. Alternatively, a non-load bearing element is provided by insulation.
• This method provides a way of constructing a building framework which leads to the above advantages of simplicity of assembly and the maintenance of the structural integrity of the framework in the event of fire and the like as set out above.
• the method further preferably comprises inserting the stepped pin onto the stepped bore and into an opening in the wall panel below.
• the method preferably comprises passing the strap through the through slot and fixing it to the load bearing elements above and below the locating plate.
• the method preferably comprises supporting a floor cassette on the horizontal load bearing elements, such that the non-load bearing elements do not support the floor cassette.
• the combination preferably also comprises at least one strap in the form of a flat plate which passes through the through slot.
• the plate can easily be installed as the through slot in the plate is placed over the strap and the plate is lowered into position on the top of the vertical load bearing element and wall panel.
• the locating pin is then inserted into the stepped bore to engage in an opening in the plate below.
• the next load vertical load bearing element in the column is then lowered onto the plate and attached to the protruding strap.
• the wall panel for the storey above is lowered into place and engages with the top of the locating pin.
• the plate and the locating pin therefore provide a robust way of allowing the upper vertical load bearing element to transfer its load directly to the vertical load bearing element below without the load needing to be borne by the wall panel.
• the locating pin provides a simple and secure way to retain the wall panel against lateral movement. Also both the plate and the locating pin are securely held in place by the existing building components without requiring any additional fixing components.
• a combination of the load bearing plate and locating pin therefore provide an arrangement which allows the simple assembly of a building framework with the advantageous load transmission piles described above.
• Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of a first partially assembled framework from below the locating plate and looking inwards into the framework from a first corner of the load bearing element;
• Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of the partially assembled framework of a similar part of the framework as Fig. 1 from above the locating plate looking into the framework at an angle from a second corner of the vertical load bearing element which is adjacent to the corner of Fig.1 ;
• Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of the first framework looking along the horizontal load bearing element towards the vertical load bearing element, strap and support plate;
• Fig. 4 is a partial perspective of the partially assembled framework generally in the plane of the locating plate in a direction which is generally opposite the direction of Fig. 2;
• Fig. 5 is a partial perspective of the first framework in a partially assembled state which is similar to Fig. 4, but in a direction which is generally orthogonal to the direction of Fig. 4;
• Fig. 6 is a partial perspective view of the first framework in a partially assembled state above the locating plate from a direction which is in the same corner as Fig. 1 , but slightly offset to the right as compared to the direction of Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view of a second building framework in a partially assembled state in a similar direction to Fig. 2;
• Fig. 8 is a perspective view from above of a locating plate and a locating pin in a disassembled state
• Fig. 9 is a partial perspective view from below of a locating plate with the locating pin installed
• Fig. 10 is a partial perspective from below the plate showing the lowermost corner of the structure supported on a foundation for a third framework;
• Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10 but from above the plate;
• Fig. 12 as view similar to Fig. 11 in a direction generally orthogonal to the angle of Fig. 12;
• Fig. 13 is an exploded partial perspective view of a fourth example of the structure at a lowermost corner of the framework and a foundation viewed in the same direction as Fig. 11 ;
• Fig. 14 is a partial perspective of showing several of the framework components of a fifth framework in a partially assembled state on a different type of foundation, the direction of this perspective being the same as that of Figs. 11 and 13;
• Fig. 15 is a partial perspective of a partially constructed framework showing two stories of the framework
• Fig. 16 is a partial perspective showing how a plurality of horizontal load bearing elements are supported
• Fig. 17 is a perspective view from above showing the interface between two adjacent wall panels.
• Fig. 18 is a perspective view from one side showing the interface between the bottom portions of two floor panels.
• Fig. 19 is a partial perspective view showing a pair of wall panels meeting orthogonally.
• the framework consists of a plurality of vertical load bearing elements. These may be in the form of any load bearing column such as such as timber or a closed beam structure. In the illustrated example, the vertical load bearing elements are in the form of I-beams 1 .
• the framework will be a simple rectangular construction in which case there will be a separate column of I-beams 1 at each of the four corners of the rectangle. However, there may be as many columns as necessary. For example, there may be a plurality of columns arranged along each wall, or there may be a two dimensional array of columns for larger buildings where support is required for floor panels internally in the building.
• the frameworks can also have a non-rectangular configuration by attaching one or more horizontal supports in non-orthogonal directions.
• the framework is designed to be built one storey at a time.
• the I-beam for the lowermost storey is designated as reference numeral 1 .
• the I-beam for the second storey is shown in Figs. 1 and 6 and is designated with reference numeral 1A.
• straps 2 are bolted or otherwise fixed to the outer faces of the flanges 3 of the I-beam 1 .
• These straps 2 have an elongate flat rectangular configuration. As shown in Fig. 5, their lower half is bolted or otherwise fixed to the upper part of the I-beam 1 of the first storey.
• the straps 2 can alternatively be installed prior to the installation of the I-beam 1 .
• first girders 4 are then connected between adjacent I-beams 1 . These are bolted to or go through the strap 2 and flange 3 of the I-beam 1 as best shown in Fig. 4. These first girders 4 have web 5 and I- beam section with a first web 5 and flanges 6. Strengthening plates 7 are provided between the flanges 6 to reinforce the girder 4.
• the girder is attached to the strap 2 and flange 3 by an angle bracket 8 which is bolted to the web 5 by a first set of bolts 9 bolted to the strap 2 and flange 3 by a second set of bolts 10.
• a similar bracket 8 may be provided on the opposite side of the web 5.
• a second set of horizontal load bearing elements in the form of second girders 15 are attached to the web 16 on the I-beam 1 as best shown in Fig. 3.
• the second girder 15 has similar structure to the first girder 4 and that it has an I-beam section with a pair of flanges 17 and web 18.
• the second girder 15 is attached to the web 16 of the I-beam 1 by an angle bracket 19 shown in Fig. 3 which are similar to the angle bracket 8.
• These are attached to the web 16 by a first set of bolts 20 and is attached to the web 18 by the second set of bolts 21 .
• This arrangement of I-beams 1 , straps 2, first 4 and second 15 girders essentially forms the platform at the top of the first storey at which the remaining components are then installed as described below.
• the next component to be put in place is the locating plate 30.
• This is best shown in Figs. 8 and 9 which relate to the second example. However this is similar to the plate 30 of the first example with the exception of the size of the plate and location of the stepped bore 31 . Thus, the description of the plate below relates equally to the plates 30 of the first and second example unless expressly stated otherwise.
• the size of the plate 30 is proportionate to the girders 4, 15 and I beams 1 .
• the plate 30 is provided with a pair of through slots 32 which are designed to fit over the straps 2 as shown in Figs. 1 to 5.
• the slots are not big enough to fit over the flanges 3 such that the plate 30 rests on top of the web 16 and the flanges 3 of the I-beam 1 . In this position, the plate 30 can then be fixed to the wall panel 40 by locating pin 33.
• the wall panel 40 is made up of a number of layers.
• the arrangement of layers can comprise various configurations depending on the building requirements and, in itself is known in the art.
• Fig.1 which shows the end of the panel, the layers, in order, from outside in are external cladding layer 41 , cavity 42, first cement particle board 43, frame with insulation 44, second cement particle bore 45 and plaster board 46 forming the innermost layer.
• the wall panel is topped by a cement particle board strip 47 with a pair of grooves running along it in order to receive seals as described in greater detail below with reference to Figs. 17 to 19.
• a step 49 is formed in each steel strip 47 in the vicinity of the plate 30 to provide an abutment surface for the plate 30 as shown in Fig. 2.
• the various layers may be preassembled in a factory setting, or one or more of the layers may be joined in situ. Further, the wall panel 40 may be put in place either before or after the upper locating plate
• the locating pin 33 is inserted into the stepped bore 31 .
• the locating pin 33 which has a shape and size which is complementary to the stepped bore 31 protrudes below the plate 30 and locates in an opening (not shown) formed in the steel strip 47 of the wall panel 40.
• the upper part of the locating pin 33 projects above the plate 30.
• the engagement between the wall panel 40, plate 30 and locating pin 33 prevents the lateral movement of the wall panel 40.
• This fixing arrangement is repeated for each of the sets of I-beams 1 in the remaining corners of the framework so that the wall panels of the lower storey are securely held in place.
• the first component described in relation to the second storey is the floor panel 50. This is shown in Fig. 6 in relation to the first example and Fig. 7 in relation to the second example.
• the floor panels 50 are supported on the first 4 and second 15 girders so could therefore be installed either before or after the plates 30 and wall panels 40.
• the floor cassettes 50 are described in greater detail in our earlier application, PCT/EP2021/079329.
• the floor cassette 50 consists of three main components, namely joists 51 , profiled steel deck 52 and concrete 53 (shown only in the corner of the cassette so that other components can be seen but, in practice, extending across the cassette).
• a plurality of joists 51 are arranged parallel to one another across the width of the cassette. Only one joist can be seen in Fig. 7 for clarity. In practice, the joists 51 will be arranged across the entire cassette 50.
• the joists are light steel gauge joists fabricated in a steel profiling machine. They may have a C section or other beam section. Other forms of light gauge cold form steel joists may be used.
• the joists 51 are preferably provided with a number of open areas to allow for services such as pipework and cable bundles to be passed through the floor structure.
• the profiled steel deck 52 is placed on top of the array of joists 51 and are connected together by a plurality of bolts, self-tapping screws or lifting loops.
• the profiled steel deck is provided with a number of undulations 53 running transverse to the direction of the joists 51 .
• the undulations have a generally dome-like construction but may have a trapezoidal configuration.
• a number of suitable cross-sections can be used and these are well known in the art as they can be conventional profiled steel deck configurations.
• Such profiles are currently in use for concrete floors which are formed in- situ and are manufactured under the name MetFloor or COMFLOR (RTM). The nature of the profile is selected based on the properties required of the flooring.
• the profiled steel deck 52 may be formed of a galvanised steel.
• the steel deck 52 is surrounded by galvanised steel end plates 54.
• the end plates may be permanent or temporary, which are only partly shown in Figs. 6 and 7 in a corner of the floor cassette for clarity.
• the profiled steel deck 52 forms the base of the concrete former, while the end plates 54 form the side walls.
• a mesh 56 or fibres is fixed above the profiled steel deck 52 whereupon the concrete is poured on to the profiled steel deck 52 filling the space above the profiled steel deck 52 and defined by the end plates 54.
• a layer of insulating board may be fixed or laid on top of the concrete 53.
• An underfloor heating layer may optionally be fitted on top of the board.
• the joists 51 may be replaced by installation as described in PCT/EP2021/079329.
• the second storey I-beams 1 A are moved into place between the pair of straps 2 which protrude through the plate 30. These are then bolted or otherwise fixed in place in the same way that the lower ends of the strap 2 are attached to the lower I-beam 1 .
• An upper wall panel (not shown) may then be lowered into place locating on the top part of the location pin 33.
• the top end of the second storey can then be built up by attaching further straps 2, locating plate 30 and locating pin 33 as described above.
• the load path from an upper storey to a lower storey is from I-beam 1 A, via the plate 30 to the I-beam 1 below.
• the first 4 and second 15 girders support the floor panels 50 and their weight is transmitted to the adjacent I-beam and then transferred to ground via the I-beams 1 and plates 30 below as described.
• the wall panels 40 are separately supported by the plates 30 but are not required to support any of the structural load of the building framework. There may be some contact and even some load transfer between the overall building framework and the wall panels. However, any such contact is not necessary in order to maintain the structural integrity of the framework. In particular, the other parts of the framework, namely the I-beams 1 , horizontal girders 4, 15 and the floor panels 50 will maintain their structural integrity even if all of the wall panels 40 were removed.
• FIG. 7 A second example of the building framework is shown in Fig. 7. Most of the components in this Figure are the same as those described above and are designated with the same reference numerals.
• the main difference is that the wall panel 40 is now supported within the channel formed by the flanges 3 and web 5 of the I-beam. As shown in Fig. 7, only the external cladding layer 41 is outside of the I-beam.
• the second girders 15 are not shown in Fig. 7, but will be present immediately below the forward edge of the floor panel 50 and are bolted to the rearmost flange 3 and strap 2 Because the wall panel 40 is within the I-beam 1 , the plate 30 is correspondingly smaller as it does need to project beyond the I-beam 1 for the width of the wall panel as in the first example. As shown in Fig. 8, therefore, the plate 30 has a much squarer configuration than the elongate plate shown in the previous examples. Further, the stepped bore 31 for the locating pin 33 is positioned between the through slots 32 rather than being laterally beyond the slots as the previous example. Otherwise, the method in which the framework is built is the same between the two examples. As well as the plate 30 being used between adjacent stories of the framework, it can also be deployed at the bottom of the lower storey as shown in Figs. 10 to 12.
• the plate 30 is in accordance with the plate 30 as described in relation to the previous examples. Although not shown in this set of drawings, the plate 30 is provided with the same stepped bored and step pin arrangement as in the first example.
• the first storey of the building is supported in the manner described above.
• the I-Beam 1 (see Fig. 12) is surrounded by wall panels 40.
• the first 4 and second 14 girders are attached to the lower I-Beam 1 B via the straps 2 in the same manner as described above.
• the profiled steel deck 52 is supported by the girders as described above.
• the I-Beam 1 B is much shorter than the I-Beams used to create the individual stories.
• the I-Beam 1 B has a length corresponding to the depth of the floor cassette 50 and girders 4, 15. It is supported at its lower most end on a lower plate 60 which is provided with a pair of slots 61 to receive a pair of straps 2A. These perform a similar function to the straps 2 previously described and are sized to span the distance between the plate 30 and lowermost support in the form of the lowermost end of a square tube 62.
• This component can have different structures, such as a rectangular tube, a steel column or I-Beam section.
• Figs. 10 to 12 The arrangement shown in Figs. 10 to 12 is designed for use where the framework is based on a plurality of piles 65.
• the square tube 62 is fixed to the pile 65.
• a lower plate 60 is then put in place on the square tube 62 and the straps 2A are fitted through slots 61 in the square tube 62 and set on the base of the square tube 62 as shown in the drawings.
• the I-Beam 1 B is then bolted to the straps 2A above the lower plate 60.
• the girders 4, 15, plate 30 and cassette 50 are all installed in the same manner that they are in relation to the first example.
• Fig. 13 shows bolts 66 which attach the straps 2B to the square tube 62A.
• the square tube 62A is supported on an anchor plate 67. This is pre-drilled with a plurality of holes 68 which forms part of a pre-made sub-assembly including the straps 2B and the square tube 62A.
• a pile cap plate 69 is fixed to the top of the pile 65. This has approximately the same size and shape as the anchor plate 67. With the anchor plate 67 and subassembly in place, holes 70 are drilled down through the pre-drilled holes 68 forming holes in the pile cap plate 69. Bolts 71 are then put in place to secure the sub assembly onto the pile cap plate 69. It will be noted that the plates shown in Fig. 13 are relatively large. This allows the operator to accommodate for any misalignment between the position of the pile and the position of the I-Beam. The drilling of the holes 70 in situ ensures that the correct alignment can be reliably achieved.
• the I-Beam 1 B is attached to the straps 2B followed by the locating plate 30 as described above.
• FIG. 12 The wall panel 40 shown in Fig. 12 does not extend across the full width of the girder, but terminates short of that adjacent to a door frame 75 (only the lower end of one side of which is shown in Fig. 12).
• a wedge shape door fill 76 then covers the gap from outside the framework to the floor cassette 50.
• a drain 77 extends across the door immediately below the door fill 76.
• the door frame 75 will extend around the full periphery of a door, other than across the bottom edge.
• the door fill 76 and drain 77 extend fully across this lower edge. Similar openings can be formed in wall panels 40 in the same or other stories to accommodate other features such as windows and openings for services, air ducts and the like.
• Figs. 10 to 13 Whilst the examples of Figs. 10 to 13 are shown as supported by piles 65, an alternative is shown in Fig. 14 where the framework is supported on a continuous concrete foundation 80 which is formed and levelled in a manner well known in the art.
• a plate equivalent to the anchor plate 67 is bolted in place with bolts 71 .
• This plate has the square tube 62 attached to straps 2A (only one of which is shown in Fig. 14) which are then bolted in place as previously described.
• the plate 30, stepped bores 31 and locating pins 33 are then put in place to fit over the straps 2A and rest on the top of the square tube 62 as previously described in relation to Figs. 10 to 12.
• the first story wall panels 40 are then out in place and located by the locating pins 33.
• Fig. 15 is a schematic perspective showing how two stories of the building are made up. Broadly speaking, this Figure is showing a base arrangement similar to that described in relation to Figs. 10 to 12 at the bottom of the Figure, and an arrangement between the two stories similar to that described in relation to Figs. 1 to 7 in the central portion.
• the upper I-Beam 1 A there are another pair of girders 4, 15 which are connected to the top of the I-Beam 1 A by a pair of straps 2 as described previously.
• a plate 30 is fitted over the straps 2 as described above.
• Pins 33 are also provided as described above.
• the lower part of the pin 33 projecting below the plate 30 engages is a complementary hole in the upper end of the uppermost wall panel as described above.
• the upper part of the pin 33 projecting above the plate 30 engages in and locates roof cassette 80 which is supported by the uppermost girders 4, 15.
• This cassette 80 can be formed to be the same as the floor cassettes 50.
• Conventional roofing 81 including insulation, firrings, external ply and a layered felt system is then installed on top of the roof cassette.
• Fig. 16 shows how the girders 4, 50 extend across a flat plane in order to define a floor area.
• the framework is made up of two square frames each formed by a pair of girders 4 and an orthogonal pair of girders 15.
• two of the girders 4, 15 are not shown for clarity.
• a pile 65 has been formed at each junction 65 between girders 4, 15, a pile 65 has been formed. Only two of these are shown in Fig. 16 for clarity.
• the external faces of the framework are then clad with wall panels 40, only a small portion of one of which is shown in Fig. 16.
• each wall panel 40 has a vertical wooden shim 91 , 92 with the shims of adjacent wall panels being offset from one another.
• the facing edges of the shims 91 , 92 engage with one another to align and support the two wall panels with respect to one another.
• the lowermost end of this connection is shown in Fig. 18.
• the steel strips 47 of the story below are also shown. These are provided with grooves 94 which are filled with the sealing strip 95.
• the lower ends of the wall panels 40 shown in Fig. 18 are provided with complementary steel strips 47A which have complementary grooves 94A which receive the uppermost portion of the sealing strips 95. This ensures a seal between vertically adjacent wall panels, while the shims 91 , 92 seal horizontally adjacent wall panels.
• the plate 30 is provided with a pair of stepped bores 31 and locating pins 33 as shown in Fig. 14. In the position in which they are shown in Fig. 14, they can locate the wall panels 40 at a corner location 96 as shown in Fig. 16. In Fig. 14, the right hand pin 33 will locate the right hand wall panel 40, while the left hand pin 33 will locate the left hand panel 40. In each case, the pin 33 is positioned such that it fits on the centre line of the corresponding wall panel.
• the stepped bores 31 and locating pins 33 would be spaced in the orthogonal direction to that shown in Fig. 14 such that the locating pin 33 aligns with the centre line of each of the wall panels.

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• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-01-28 GB GB2201091.2A patent/GB2615106B/en active Active
• 2023
  • 2023-01-27 EP EP23703847.6A patent/EP4469641A1/de active Pending
  • 2023-01-27 WO PCT/GB2023/050190 patent/WO2023144554A1/en not_active Ceased

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