Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
  • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
  • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
  • H01G2/10—Housing; Encapsulation
  • H01G2/103—Sealings, e.g. for lead-in wires; Covers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
  • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
  • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
  • H01M50/157—Inorganic material
  • H01M50/159—Metals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
  • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
  • H01M50/171—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
  • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/191—Inorganic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
  • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/543—Terminals
  • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/543—Terminals
  • H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/571—Methods or arrangements for affording protection against corrosion; Selection of materials therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrical feedthrough, in particular for an electrical storage device, comprising a base body with a through-opening and a connecting pin which is arranged in the through-opening and is held in the through-opening in an electrically insulating manner by means of a fixing material.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to an electrical energy store which comprises at least one such bushing.
• the electrical energy stores such as batteries or capacitors, the latter including supercapacitors, are used in a variety of electrical energy storage and delivery applications.
• the electrical energy stores usually include a housing and at least one storage cell accommodated in the housing.
• the storage cell can be electrically contacted from the outside via at least one electrical feedthrough in the housing.
• Batteries within the meaning of the invention are understood to be both disposable batteries, which can be disposed of and/or recycled after they have been discharged, and accumulators.
• Accumulators preferably lithium-ion batteries, are provided for various applications such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, power tools and, in particular, electric vehicles.
• the batteries can replace traditional power sources such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-metal hydride batteries.
• the battery can also be used in sensors or in the Internet of Things.
• supercapacitors also called supercaps
• supercaps are electrochemical energy stores with a particularly high power density.
• foil and Electrolytic capacitors are not a dielectric in the traditional sense.
• the storage principles of static storage of electrical energy by charge separation in a double-layer capacitance and electrochemical storage of electrical energy by charge exchange with the aid of redox reactions in a pseudo-capacitance are implemented in them.
• Supercapacitors include, in particular, hybrid capacitors, in particular lithium-ion capacitors. Their electrolyte usually comprises a solvent in which conductive salts, usually lithium salts, are dissolved. Supercapacitors are preferred in applications that require a high number of charge/discharge cycles. Supercapacitors can be used particularly advantageously in the automotive sector, in particular in the area of recuperation of braking energy. Other applications are of course also possible and encompassed by the invention.
• Lithium-ion batteries as a storage device have been known for many years. In this regard, reference is made, for example, to "Handbook of Batteries", David Linden, editor, 2nd edition, McCrawhill, 1995, chapters 36 and 39.
• a microbattery is known from WO2021/185648 A1, which is characterized by a particularly compact design.
• a metal fixing material leadthrough for an electrical connection of the microbattery can be formed as a pressure encapsulation so that the leadthrough is sealed particularly reliably.
• an object of the invention is an electrical to provide a technical feedthrough in which the terminal pin can be adapted both to the needs of the battery and to the needs of the metal-fixing material feedthrough.
• the electrical feedthrough comprises a base body with a through-opening and a connecting pin which is arranged in the through-opening and is held in the through-opening in an electrically insulating manner by means of a fixing material.
• the terminal pin has a core made of a first electrically conductive material and that at least on a first side of the electrical feedthrough a first end face of the core is covered with a covering material made of a second electrically conductive material, the terminal pin and the fixing material being designed and arranged in such a way that the first electrically conductive material of the core is inaccessible on the first side of the electrical feedthrough.
• the fixing material is directly adjacent to the covering material.
• the base body, the fixing material and the connecting pin form a metal-fixing material bushing, through which the through-opening of the base body is closed.
• the leadthrough formed is preferably hermetically sealed.
• a He leak rate of 1 ⁇ 10 -8 mbar l/s at a pressure difference of 1 bar is regarded as hermetically sealed.
• the base body can in particular be a housing part for forming a housing for an electrical storage device.
• the base body can be designed as a cover part that can be joined together with a cup-shaped housing part to form a housing for an electrical storage device.
• the electrical storage device can be a battery or a capacitor, including a supercapacitor, with one or more storage cells usually being accommodated in the housing and being able to be electrically contacted from the outside via the electrical bushing as a connection terminal.
• the feedthrough can also be designed as a multi-pole feedthrough, in which the base body has a plurality of through-openings and a connecting pin is held in each of the through-openings via a fixing material.
• the first side of the electrical feedthrough on which the first electrically conductive material of the core is inaccessible is the side which faces inwards when a housing is formed.
• the first end face with covering material thus faces inwards when a housing is formed.
• the proposed connector pin comprises at least two different materials, with the first electrically conductive material of the core preferably being selected according to the requirements of the metal-fixing-material bushing.
• the first electrically conductive material can be selected in particular with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient and the resistance to deformation.
• the second electrically conductive material is preferably selected according to the requirements of the electrical storage device.
• the second electrically conductive material can be selected with regard to chemical resistance to materials of the memory cell and electrochemical potentials.
• the connecting pin can, for example, have the shape of a circular cylinder, with the lateral surfaces of the cylinder pointing towards the fixing material and at least one of the end faces is covered with the covering material.
• the connection pin can have, for example, what is known as a nailhead shape, which can be formed, for example, by two cylinders adjoining one another. A first end face of such a nail-head-shaped connecting pin is formed by an end face of the cylinder with the larger end face and a second end face by an end face of the cylinder with the smaller end face.
• the covering material In addition to covering a first end face of the core with the covering material, provision can also be made to cover a second end face of the core opposite the first end face with a further covering material made of a third electrically conductive material.
• the third electrically conductive material can be selected to be identical to or different from the second electrically conductive material.
• the second electrically conductive material can be adapted to the requirements of the materials of a storage cell and the third electrically conductive material can be optimized for simple and secure connection to electrical connections, for example. For example, welding properties or soldering properties can be used as a criterion for the selection of material.
• a lateral surface of the core pointing towards the fixing material is at least partially not covered with covering material and is directly adjacent to the fixing material.
• the lateral surface of the core is preferably completely free of the covering material.
• the surface of the core is completely covered with covering material, so that in particular the lateral surface is also completely covered with covering material.
• a melting point of the fixing material is preferably selected to be lower than the melting point of all the materials of the connecting pin. This ensures that the connecting pin is not damaged when the metal fixing material is produced using a temperature treatment step, for example for sintering or vitrifying the fixing material.
• the fixing material can be obtained from a compact that comprises, for example, a glass powder or a glass ceramic powder or a ceramic powder.
• the glass powder can consist of or comprise a partially crystallizable glass, so that the partially crystallizable glass is ceramized during a temperature treatment and a glass ceramic is obtained.
• the second electrically conductive material and/or the third electrically conductive material is/are preferably applied to the end face of the core by means of plating, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, welding or soldering. If only comparatively small thicknesses of the covering material are applied, electroplating, coating and vapor deposition are preferred. Conversely, plating, welding and brazing are preferred when relatively high thicknesses of masking material are applied.
• the starting materials for example the covering material and the material of the core
• the starting materials are usually provided in the form of plates or strips and are placed one on top of the other and connected to one another by rolling.
• the covering material can be placed on the core material in the form of a metal sheet or a foil and welded or soldered to it.
• PVD Physical vapor deposition methods
• CVD chemical vapor deposition methods
• PECVD plasma-enhanced methods
• the covering material is preferably arranged so that it is free of openings or defects, so that the corresponding end face of the core is completely covered. In particular, this is intended to prevent the first conductive material from coming into contact with materials from the interior of an energy store.
• the cover material is preferably selected and arranged in such a way that it is suitable for soldering or welding on electrical contacts such as contact lugs. Accordingly, the covering material is preferably designed in such a way that it is suitable for soldering or welding on electrical contacts and no cracks or openings occur in the covering material.
• connection pin One end face or both end faces of the connection pin are preferably arranged flush with a surface of the base body. If the base body has areas with different thicknesses, it is preferred that one or both end faces terminate flush with the surface of the base body adjacent to the through-opening. In particular when combined with a fixing material that is flush with the surface of the base body, a planar form of the electrical leadthrough is thereby achieved and the leadthrough advantageously has the lowest possible overall height.
• connection pin it is preferred that one end face or both end faces of the connection pin are arranged so as to protrude beyond a surface of the base body. If the base body has areas with different thicknesses, it is preferred that one or both end faces protrude beyond the surface of the base body adjacent to the through-opening. Here- This creates an increased contact surface, which allows simple electrical contacting of the connection pin, for example by welding on contact lugs.
• the material of the base body and/or the first electrically conductive material of the core of the connecting pin are preferably selected from steel, in particular ferritic, austenitic or duplex steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, iron-nickel alloys, iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, KOVAR, molybdenum, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy.
• a preferred example has a body made of austenitic steel and a terminal pin with a core made of ferritic steel.
• the second electrically conductive material and/or the third electrically conductive material of the connection pin is preferably selected from aluminum, an aluminum alloy, AlSiC, copper, a copper alloy, molybdenum, nickel or nickel alloys, palladium, silver or gold.
• a preferred example of a connecting pin according to the invention has a core made of high-grade steel, in particular a ferritic high-grade steel, and a cover material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• the fixing material is preferably a glass, a glass ceramic or a ceramic or comprises a glass, a glass ceramic or a ceramic.
• Preferred glasses include technical glasses, in particular oxidic glasses, which are preferably chemically resistant to common materials in connection with electrical energy stores.
• the fixing material is, for example, an aluminum borate glass, which includes Al2O3 and B2O3, or a bismuth glass, which includes, for example, Bi2O3 as a glass former.
• glasses containing lead oxide as a glass former in particular glasses from the PbO-B2O3 system, or glasses containing vanadium can also be used as fixing material.
• Glass that is suitable as a fixing material for glass-metal feedthroughs is selected according to its properties such as melting point and/or coefficient of expansion. Glasses with a low melting temperature can be advantageous. A glass whose melting point is below the melting point of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is particularly advantageous. It can be preferred if, in an electrical feedthrough for an electrical storage device, for example a battery, a capacitor or a supercapacitor, the fixing material comprises or consists of a bismuth-based glass which comprises Bi 2 O 3 as a glass former, or a lead-based glass which comprises PbO as a glass former.
• the fixing material or a precursor material can be provided in the form of a molded body.
• the shaped body can have the shape of a hollow cylinder, for example.
• the connecting pin is inserted into the interior of this hollow cylinder and this in turn is inserted into an opening in a base body.
• the metal pin is then glazed into the opening by means of a temperature treatment, with the fixing material forming an intimate bond with the material of the connecting pin and the material of the base body.
• the base body is designed as a housing part for an electrical energy storage device, eg as a cover part of a microbattery, then the base body has a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm.
• the base body preferably has a first thickness di outside the area of the through-opening and an increased second thickness d2 in a reinforcement area with a width W adjoining the through-opening.
• the width W is selected in such a way that sufficient pressure forces can be exerted on the fixing material by the base body.
• the width W is selected in the range from 0.6 mm to 1 mm.
• This increased thickness of the reinforcement area can be achieved, for example, by providing thicker areas of the base body of the housing part, providing a collar and/or providing reinforcement parts.
• the glazing length along which the fixing material is connected to the material of the base body of the housing part can be influenced by the choice of the thickness of the base body or the provision of thickened areas.
• the housing part has a collar that forms an inner wall with a height that is greater than the remaining material thickness of the housing part, in particular a thickness of a housing part designed as a cover or a thickness of a wall of a housing part designed as a cup.
• the collar is preferably designed as a high-arched, deformed collar, with the housing part and the collar being in particular in one piece.
• the base body includes a flexible flange for joining the base body to other components such as parts of a housing.
• the flange itself includes an area, a so-called connection area, with which another component is connected to the base body.
• the connection to the base body can be done by welding, in particular ultrasonic welding or soldering.
• the welded connection is preferably designed in such a way that the connection is largely gas-tight and a He leak rate of less than 10′8 mbar l/sec at a pressure difference of 1 bar is preferably made available.
• the base body can be designed as a sheet metal part with a thickness d2, which is embossed down to the thickness di, and after the embossing the section with the thickness di, is deformed such that the flexible flange is formed. Provision can be made here for the original thickness d2 to be retained around the area of the opening, so that the area adjoining the opening is reinforced. It is also possible for a metal sheet with a thickness di to be formed into a flexible flange and for the raised metal sheet or a collar formed by forming the metal sheet to receive the glazing. Glazing into a raised flexible flange, in particular on a collar of the flexible flange, is primarily possible when the flexible flange and the raised area comprise austenitic steel or duplex steel as the material.
• a relief device can be provided in the base body instead of or in addition to a flexible flange.
• the relief device advantageously includes at least one groove or depression, preferably at least one circumferential groove or circumferential depression. Instead of a groove, a sequence of adjacent punctures can also be provided.
• the relief device can reduce thermal flow through the base body, i.e. create a thermal barrier, and/or mechanical stress on the base body perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin can be reduced, since the base body can be deformed, preferably reversibly deformed, in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin.
• fewer stresses are introduced into the fixing material, in particular no tensile stresses that act on the fixing material and thereby reduce the compression on the fixing material, as a result of which the tightness of the leadthrough is improved under thermal and mechanical loads.
• the relief device in particular a groove or depression, is arranged on the second side of the electrical feedthrough, which faces outward when a housing is formed.
• the relief device in particular a groove or indentation, is arranged on the first side of the electrical feedthrough, which faces inwards when a housing is formed.
• the relief device comprises at least two grooves or indentations arranged on opposite sides of the base body.
• an aluminum borate glass with the main components Al2O3, B2O3, BaO and SiO2 is used as the glass or glass-ceramic material.
• the coefficient of expansion of such a glass material is preferably in the range from 9.0 to 9.5 ppm/K. and 9.0 to 9.5 10' 6 /K, respectively. If, for example, a bismuth glass is used, the coefficient of expansion is approximately 10.5-10 -6 /K.
• the electrical feedthrough can be designed in the form of a pressure encapsulation.
• a thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is selected to be greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material, so that after a temperature treatment in which the fixing material is vitrified in the through-opening, the base body contracts more than the fixing material. As a result, compressive forces are permanently exerted on the fixing material by the base body. These pre-tension the fixing material and ensure a particularly durable seal.
• a thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material.
• the thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is particularly preferably selected to be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 20% and most preferably at least 50% greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material.
• the prestress for pressure glazing is essentially determined by the difference in the expansion coefficients between the material of the base body and the fixing material.
• the coefficient of expansion of the base body is preferably in the range from 12 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 1/K to 19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 1/K and the coefficient of expansion of the fixing material in the range from 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 1/K to 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 1/K.
• the coefficient of expansion of the glass, ceramic or glass-ceramic material can be modified, if necessary, by mixing the glass, ceramic or glass-ceramic material with a filler. By choosing the type and quantity of the filler, the coefficient of thermal expansion can then be adjusted.
• the coefficient of expansion of the core of the connecting pin is preferably in the range 6 ⁇ 10′ ⁇ 6 1/K to 11 ⁇ 10′ ⁇ 6 1/K.
• the coefficient of expansion of the core is preferably adapted to the coefficient of expansion of the fixing material when the implementation is carried out as pressure encapsulation, or it is selected to be somewhat smaller.
• an austenitic steel with an expansion coefficient of approx. 16 -10' 6 1/ K can be combined with a bismuth-based glass with an expansion coefficient of approx. 10.5 -10' 6 1/ K and a core made of ferrous steel with an expansion coefficient of approx. 10' 6 1/ K.
• the coefficient of expansion of the base body and the coefficient of expansion of the fixing material can be matched to one another. In this case, it is preferred if the difference in the expansion coefficients is less than 5%.
• an adapted implementation is understood to mean that the coefficients of expansion essentially differ by at most 1* 10′6 1/K, in particular essentially the same.
• the coefficient of expansion of the core of the terminal pin is preferably adapted to the coefficient of expansion of the fixing material in the same way.
• a safety valve and/or a predetermined breaking point is usually provided as a safety element on housings for an energy storage device, in order to reduce this in a controlled manner in the event of overpressure inside.
• the electrical feedthrough preferably has such a security element.
• Such an adjustment of the squeezing force is known, for example, from DE 2020 20106 518 U1.
• the fixing material and its connection to the wall of the through-opening and the connecting pin is designed in such a way that a safety valve function is provided above a predetermined ejection force, with the predetermined ejection force being set by one or more of the following measures: a. selecting the thickness of the glazing, b. Selection of the fixing material, c. Selecting the proportion of bubbles in the fixing material, d. Structuring of the surface of the fixing material by adjusting the shape of a fixing material shaped body before glazing, e. structuring of the surface of the fixing material during glazing, f. laser processing of the surface of the fixing material after glazing, g. one- or two-sided incorporation of notches or tapers in the fixing material and/or h. Introduction of notches or tapers in the terminal pin and / or the body.
• the second electrically conductive material and/or the fixing material are preferably selected in such a way that they are resistant to electrolytes, in particular aqueous and/or non-aqueous electrolytes.
• the materials of the bushing have a high chemical resistance to non-aqueous battery electrolytes, in particular to carbonates, preferably carbonate mixtures with a conductive salt, preferably comprising LiPFe.
• the proposed electrical storage device is designed in particular as a battery or as a capacitor, including a supercapacitor, and includes a housing with at least one of the electrical feedthroughs described herein. Furthermore, the electrical storage device preferably comprises at least one storage cell, in particular a battery cell or a capacitor cell.
• the base body of the electrical feedthrough is preferably designed as a housing part, in particular as a cover, which is preferably connected to other housing parts in a hermetically sealed manner, so that a hermetically sealed housing is formed for the electrical storage device.
• a cover is connected to the electrical feedthrough by welding to a cup.
• Hermetically sealed is understood here to mean that the housing has a He leak rate of less than 10′ 8 mbar l/sec at a pressure difference of 1 bar.
• FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough with surfaces of the connecting pin protruding beyond a base body
• FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough with a completely coated core of the connecting pin
• FIG. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough with a flexible flange
• FIG. 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough with a relief device.
• FIG. 10 A first exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10 is shown in FIG.
• the electrical feedthrough 10 includes a base body 12 with a through-opening 14 into which a terminal pin 20 is inserted.
• the connecting pin 20 is held in the through opening 14 in an electrically insulating manner by means of a fixing material 16 .
• the fixing material 16 seals both against an inner wall of the through-opening 14 and against the connecting pin 20, so that the through-opening 14 is tightly closed by the fixing material 16 and a metal-fixing-material feedthrough is formed.
• the illustrated electrical bushing 10 is particularly suitable for use in connection with electrical storage devices such as batteries, in particular micro batteries, and capacitors.
• the base body 12 can be a component part of a housing for such an electrical storage device, for example a battery cover.
• connection pin 20 then forms, for example, a connection terminal of the electrical storage device.
• the base body 12 of the electrical feedthrough is joined to other housing parts.
• a housing for an electrical storage device can be formed by joining the cover part to a cup part.
• At least one storage cell such as a battery cell or a capacitor cell, is usually arranged inside such a storage device.
• one terminal of such a storage cell can be electrically conductively connected to the terminal pin 20 and another terminal to another housing part.
• connection pin 20 must be adapted in its material properties, in particular with regard to its thermal expansion coefficient, to the requirements of the formed metal-fixing material feedthrough.
• the material of the connection pin 20 should also be matched to the materials used in the storage cell, such as the materials of the current conductors, electrode materials and electrolytes.
• the invention provides that the connecting pin 20 has a core 22 made of a first electrically conductive material, which is adapted to the requirements of the metal-fixing-material feedthrough, and a covering material 24 on one end made of a second electrically conductive material, which is adapted to the requirements of the storage cell in order to avoid or at least reduce corrosion.
• the covering material 24 and the fixing material 16 are arranged in the electrical bushing 10 in such a way that the core material 22 of the connecting pin is inaccessible on a first side of the bushing on which the covering material 24 is located.
• the covering material 24 is directly adjacent to the fixing material 16 .
• the covering material 24 is located on the side of the electrical feedthrough 10 which faces inwards when a housing is formed.
• the second electrically conductive material can be applied to the end face of the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 by means of plating, for example.
• thin metal sheets or foils made of the second electrically conductive material can be connected to the core 22 by welding or soldering, or the second electrical material can be applied by galvanic coating or a vapor deposition process.
• an outer surface of the core 22 of the connecting pin 20 remains free of the covering material 24. This ensures that the covering material 24 does not change the properties of the metal-fixing-material bushing.
• the two materials can thus be selected completely independently of one another in order to achieve optimal adaptation to the requirements of the storage cells inside the housing and to the formation of the metal-fixing-material feedthrough.
• aluminum can be used as the covering material 24 .
• the first electrically conductive material for the core 22 of the connection pin can be stainless steel, for example, so that the core 22 does not deform under the pressure forces that occur.
• the total thickness of the connecting pin 20 here thus corresponds to the thickness of the base body 12 .
• the surface of the fixing material 16 here is flush with the surfaces of the base body 12 and the end faces of the connecting pin 20 .
• the fixing material 16 it would also be conceivable for the fixing material 16 to protrude beyond the surfaces and partially cover adjacent areas of the connection pin 20 and/or the base body 12 .
• one or both end faces of the connecting pin 20 protrude beyond the corresponding surfaces of the base body 12 . This is shown in FIG. 2 by way of example.
• FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 10 with surfaces of the connecting pin 20 protruding beyond the base body 12.
• the structure of the electrical feedthrough 10 corresponds to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. Deviating from this, the connection pin 20 is designed and arranged in such a way that its end faces are not arranged flush with the corresponding surfaces of the base body 12 .
• the overall thickness of the terminal pin 20 is therefore greater than the thickness of the base body 12.
• the thickness of the covering material 24 is selected to be so large that, in combination with the fixing material 16, the first electrically conductive material of the core 22 is not accessible from this side of the electrical feedthrough 10.
• the fixing material 16 is also directly adjacent to the covering material 24 here.
• the covering material 24 protrudes beyond the surface of the base body 12
• comparatively large thicknesses for the covering material 24 are preferred. This can be achieved in particular by plating the core 22 or connecting a metal sheet or a foil to the core 22 by means of welding or soldering.
• one of the two end faces of the terminal pin 20 is arranged flush with the corresponding surface of the base body 12, so that the terminal pin 20 protrudes beyond the base body 12 on only one of the two sides.
• FIG. 10 A third exemplary embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 10 is shown in FIG. As described with reference to the first embodiment of FIG. 1, the electrical feedthrough 10 has a base body 12 with a through-opening 14 in which a connecting pin 20 is held in an insulating manner via a fixing material 16 .
• another covering material 25 made of a third electrically conductive material is additionally arranged on a second end face of core 22, so that both end faces of core 22 of connecting pin 20 are covered with covering material 24, 25.
• the further covering material 25 is also directly adjacent to the fixing material 16 so that in this embodiment the first electrically conductive material of the core 22 is completely enclosed within the electrical feedthrough 10 .
• the third electrically conductive material can be selected to be different from or identical to the second electrically conductive material. Identical materials are shown as examples.
• the basic body 12 is also designed differently from the first two exemplary embodiments.
• the base body 12 of the third exemplary embodiment has a reinforcement area with a width W, which adjoins the through opening 14 and within which the base body 12 has an increased thickness d2. Outside of the reinforcement area, the base body 12 has the smaller thickness di.
• the basic body 12 has a high mechanical stability, which is also suitable for the formation of the metal fixing material implementation as pressure encapsulation.
• the width W is selected in such a way that the pressure forces required for this can be built up.
• the design of the base body 12 with a reinforcement area can of course be combined with other exemplary embodiments, so that, for example, deviating from the illustration in Figure 3, one or both end faces of the connecting pin 20 can protrude beyond the surfaces of the base body 12 adjoining the through opening 14 (see Figure 7) or only a first end face of the core 22 is covered with a covering material 24.
• FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10.
• the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 is provided with covering material 24, 25 on both end faces, as shown in the third exemplary embodiment in FIG.
• the further covering material 25 with the third electrically conductive material is chosen to be different from the covering material 24 with the second electrically conductive material.
• the base body 12 of the fourth exemplary embodiment also includes a flexible flange 30, via which the base body 12 can be connected to other elements, for example to other components of a housing.
• the flexible flange 30 is formed, for example, by reshaping the base body pers 12 and has a transition area with a width W, within which a flat section of the base body 12 transitions into a glazing section with a thickness d2, which is greater than the thickness di of the flat section of the base body 12.
• the base body 12 is flexible and yielding in the transition area, so that the area with the through-opening 14 is mechanically decoupled by the flexible flange 30.
• mechanical stresses from other parts of the housing are not transferred to the fixing material 16 .
• the thickness d2 within the glazing section can be freely selected within a wide range, so that a glazing length can be set independently of other dimensions of the base body 12 or a housing with the base body.
• FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10, which is designed similarly to the first exemplary embodiment in FIG.
• the core 22 of the connecting pin 20 is completely coated, so that all surfaces of the core 22 are covered by the covering material 24 .
• both end faces and a lateral surface of the core 22 are covered by the covering material 24 .
• FIG. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10, which is designed similarly to the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4 and includes a flexible flange 30, the design and function of which have already been described above.
• the core 22 of the connecting pin 20 with the first electrically conductive material is provided with covering material 24, 25 on both end faces, as shown in the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIG.
• the connection pin 20 is designed and arranged in such a way that its end faces are not arranged flush with the corresponding surfaces of the base body 12, but protrude beyond them.
• the overall thickness of the connecting pin 20 is therefore greater than the thickness of the base body 12 in the area of the leadthrough.
• the arrangement of the core 22 and the thickness of the covering material 24 with the second electrically conductive material are chosen so large that, in combination with the fixing material 16, the first electrically conductive material of the core 22 is not accessible from one side of the electrical feedthrough 10.
• the fixing material 16 is also directly adjacent to the covering material 24 here.
• the covering material 24 is located on the first side of the electrical feedthrough 10, which faces inwards when a housing is formed.
• the first electrically conductive material of core 22 is accessible on the opposite, second side of bushing 10, which faces outward when a housing is formed, since fixing material 16 is not directly adjacent to covering material 25 here.
• connection pin 20 has a core 22 made of ferritic steel as the first electrically conductive material and on both sides of the core 22 a covering material 24, 25 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy as the second electrically conductive material.
• the base body 12 consists of a steel with a higher coefficient of expansion than the material of the core 22, in particular austenitic steel is selected as the material for the base body 12. If a low-melting bismuth-based fixing material 16 is selected, in combination with a base body 12 made of austenitic stainless steel, a hermetically sealed pressure encapsulation can be provided.
• connection pin 20 is adapted to the requirements of the formed metal I fixing material feedthrough with regard to its material properties, in particular with regard to its thermal expansion coefficient.
• the core 22 is provided with a covering material 24 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on its side which faces inwards when forming a housing and is thereby adapted to the required ments of the materials of a storage cell, eg chemical resistance, electrochemical potentials, adapted.
• a covering material 25 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on its opposite side, which faces outwards when a housing is formed terminal pin 20 can be optimized, for example, for simple and secure connection, eg soldering or welding, to electrical connections.
• FIG. 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10, which is designed similarly to the third exemplary embodiment in FIG.
• the base body 12 of the seventh exemplary embodiment also has a reinforcement area with a width W, which adjoins the through opening 14 and within which the base body 12 has an increased thickness d2. Outside of the reinforcement area, the base body 12 has the smaller thickness di.
• a relief device 31 is provided in the base body 12, which is designed here, for example, as a groove or depression, preferably as a circumferential groove or circumferential depression.
• the groove of the relief device 31 is arranged, for example, on the second side of the electrical feedthrough 10, which faces outwards when a housing is formed. Of course, it could also be arranged on the other side of the housing.
• Two grooves or indentations arranged on opposite sides of the base body can also serve as a relief device 31 .
• a sequence of adjacent punctures can also be provided.
• the relief device 31 reduces thermal flow through the base body 12, ie creates a thermal barrier, and/or mechanical stress on the base body 12 is reduced perpendicularly to the axis of the connecting pin 20, since the base body 12 is perpendicular to the direction Axis of the terminal pin 20 is deformable, preferably reversibly deformable. This results in fewer stresses being introduced into the fixing material 16, in particular no tensile stresses that act on the fixing material 16 and thereby reduce the compression on the fixing material 16, thereby ensuring the tightness of the bushing 10 under thermal and mechanical loads.
• connection pin 20 of the seventh exemplary embodiment is designed and arranged here as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
• the covering material 24 with the second electrically conductive material is located on the first side of the electrical feedthrough 10, which faces inwards when a housing is formed, so that the core 22 of the connecting pin 20 is not accessible from the inside.
• the first electrically conductive material of the core 22 is also accessible here on the opposite, second side of the leadthrough 10, which points outwards when a housing is formed, since the fixing material 16 is not directly adjacent to the covering material 25 here.
• the advantageous combination of materials mentioned in connection with the sixth exemplary embodiment can also be advantageous for an embodiment of a bushing 10 with a relief device 31 .

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
• Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
• Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
• Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-01-21 DE DE102022101390.1A patent/DE102022101390A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-12-14 US US18/730,199 patent/US20250104890A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-14 KR KR1020247023111A patent/KR20240139049A/ko active Pending
  • 2022-12-14 WO PCT/EP2022/085857 patent/WO2023138843A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2022-12-14 JP JP2024543256A patent/JP2025503775A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-12-14 CN CN202280089533.4A patent/CN118575242A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-12-14 EP EP22835422.1A patent/EP4466725A1/de active Pending

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