EP4466432A1 - Complexe diminuant la condensation de l'eau, article comprenant un tel complexe, et procede de fabrication d'un tel complexe - Google Patents
Complexe diminuant la condensation de l'eau, article comprenant un tel complexe, et procede de fabrication d'un tel complexeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4466432A1 EP4466432A1 EP23701113.5A EP23701113A EP4466432A1 EP 4466432 A1 EP4466432 A1 EP 4466432A1 EP 23701113 A EP23701113 A EP 23701113A EP 4466432 A1 EP4466432 A1 EP 4466432A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- complex
- layer
- metal
- water
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/0002—Details of protective garments not provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/1281
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/02—Layered materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/10—Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
- A41D31/102—Waterproof and breathable
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/08—Sleeping bags
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/08—Sleeping bags
- A47G9/086—Sleeping bags for outdoor sleeping
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47H—FURNISHINGS FOR WINDOWS OR DOORS
- A47H23/00—Curtains; Draperies
- A47H23/02—Shapes of curtains; Selection of particular materials for curtains
- A47H23/08—Selection of particular materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
- B32B5/275—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one woven fabric layer next to a non-woven fabric layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/10—Glass or silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/354—Introduction of auxiliary energy into the plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/54—Covers of tents or canopies
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/021—Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophobic
Definitions
- the textile substrate B preferably comprises one or more multifilament yarn(s) and/or one or more yarn(s) spun from fibers, which may/may be one or more yarn(s) in one or more synthetic (polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, etc.) and/or natural (cotton, etc.) and/or regenerated (in particular based on cellulose, for example viscose ,...), or a mixture thereof.
- synthetic polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, etc.
- natural cotton, etc.
- regenerated in particular based on cellulose, for example viscose ,...), or a mixture thereof.
- the surface mass of the textile substrate B is preferably less than or equal to 250 g/m 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 200 g/m 2 , preferentially less than or equal to 150 g/m 2 or 130 g/m 2 , optionally less than or equal to 100 g/m 2 or 90 g/m 2 .
- the surface mass of the textile substrate B is preferably greater than or equal to 25 g/m 2 , more preferably greater than or equal to 50 g/m 2 , optionally greater than or equal to 75 g/m 2 .
- the textile substrate B is permeable to water vapour.
- said metallic layer C has a thickness greater than or equal to 1 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 10 nm.
- the metallic layer C is manufactured by a physical vapor deposition method (in particular called PVD or physical vapor deposition), in particular chosen from:
- a sputtering deposition method in particular according to the second embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, optionally assisted by a magnetic field.
- the metallic protection layer D can be manufactured:
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the use of a technique for depositing thin layer(s) makes it possible not to significantly alter the permeability to water vapor of the textile substrate B, or of the metal layer C, while lowering the rate of emissivity of the external face of the complex, thus limiting the effects linked to the phenomenon of radiative cooling.
- the metallic layer C or the protective layer D in particular metallic or non-metallic, is permeable to water vapour.
- the complex according to the invention is flexible, in particular it has a certain drapability and can conform to different shapes of articles.
- the flexible complex can be sewn, and therefore perforated by sewing needles.
- the total surface mass of the complex is greater than or equal to 10 g/m 2 or to 30 g/m 2 or to 50 g/m 2 .
- the surface mass of the complex is less than or equal to 350 g/m 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 300 g/m 2 or 250 g/m 2 or 200 g/m 2 , optionally less than or equal to 150 g/m 2 or 100 g/m 2 .
- the complex has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.01 mm or 0.05 mm.
- the complex has a thickness less than or equal to 5 mm or 4 mm or 3 mm or 2 mm or 1 mm.
- the term “external atmosphere” means everything that is placed outside the complex according to the invention; the external face is in particular intended in operation to be oriented towards the external atmosphere, in particular towards the sky.
- the chemical analysis of the outer face of the complex can be carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This is a qualitative analysis. During such a measurement, the chemical composition at the surface of the sample is identified, in this case here the presence of the metal M1 of the metal layer C, in particular aluminum, and possibly traces of silica.
- the textile substrate B comprises through openings extending between the outer and inner faces of said textile substrate B which are free of said metallic layer C, and optionally of the protective layer D.
- the metallic layer C, and/or the metallic protective layer D or even the non-metallic protective layer D is/are deposited on the fibers and/or the threads of the textile substrate B, and thus do not block the through openings of the textile substrate B.
- the through openings of the textile substrate B extend and open onto the inner and outer faces of the textile substrate B.
- These through-openings may comprise through-openings extending between two woven or knitted yarns, in particular at the intersection of the yarns. Said through openings form areas permeable to water vapour, in particular allowing the passage of water vapor from the internal face of the textile substrate B to its external face.
- these through openings have an average size of less than 0.01 mm 2 .
- the through openings on the external face of the textile substrate B have an average size less than or equal to 0.05 mm 2 or to 0.01 mm 2 or to 0.0090 mm 2 or to 0.0070 mm 2 or to 0.0050 mm 2 or to 0.0040 mm 2 or to 0.003 mm 2 .
- the free through openings on the external face of the textile substrate B have an average size greater than or equal to 0.0001 mm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 0.001 mm 2 .
- An example of a protocol for measuring the average size of the through openings is as follows: samples (at least 5) are observed under a scanning electron microscope at the same magnification, with the following parameters: acceleration voltage: 10-11 volts; beam opening size: 5.5-6; chamber pressure: 130 pascals; magnification: X 100; detector used: ABS lens.
- Image analysis is performed using Topomaps software.
- the analysis of the structure of the external face of the complex uses the binary segmentation option of the Topomaps software. Three different areas are evaluated for each sample. The following information is recorded for each sample: magnification X100, binary image, histogram of the surface distribution of the pores, statistical mean of the surfaces of through openings.
- At least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% by number of the through opening(s) on the external face of the complex are free of the metallic layer C and/or of the protective layer D.
- At least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% by number of the through opening(s) on the external face of the complex have an average size less than or equal to 0.05 mm 2 or 0.01 mm 2 or 0.0090 mm 2 or 0.0070 mm 2 or 0.0050 mm 2 or 0, 0040 mm 2 or 0.003 mm 2 .
- At least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% by number of the through opening(s) on the external face of the complex have an average size greater than or equal to 0.0001 mm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 0.001 mm 2 .
- These number percentages are calculated from the analysis of the images obtained using the Topomaps software, for example, and preferably, by calculating the number of free through-openings or the size of the through-openings in a square having dimensions determined so as to include at least 30 through openings, the calculation being carried out at least three times.
- metal layer in particular with regard to the metal layer C or D, is meant any layer not comprising any metal dispersed as a filler in a polymer layer.
- the term metallic layer is understood to mean any layer deposited by a thin layer deposition technique (for example PVD or PECVD), still preferably not via a coating or impregnation of a dispersion or solution, aqueous or solvent-based, of at least one polymeric binder, comprising at least one metallic filler dispersed in said dispersion or solution.
- a thin layer deposition technique for example PVD or PECVD
- the complex further comprises a protective layer D of the metallic layer C.
- the protective layer D is preferably deposited by a thin layer deposition technique.
- the protective layer D can be deposited by a technique of physical vapor deposition or by a technique of chemical vapor deposition assisted by plasma, in particular under vacuum.
- Said physical vapor deposition technique may be a deposition method by vacuum evaporation, or a deposition method by cathode sputtering, optionally assisted by a magnetic field, as described above or below with reference to the fourth aspect of the invention.
- the metal layer D does not include a polymer binder.
- the textile substrate B, coated with the metallic layer C can be subjected to one or more precursor(s) in the gaseous phase, which react or decompose according to the external face of the metallic layer C, to generate the desired deposit.
- the protective layer D can thus be a metal layer or a chemical layer not comprising aluminum or silver or titanium, in particular a chemical layer not comprising metal.
- the metal-free chemical layer can be based on silica (for example SiCh) or material(s) derived from carbon chemistry or else polymers or oligomers.
- the protective layer D has a thickness less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m, preferentially less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m, in particular less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, in particular less than or equal to 200 nm or 150 nm or 100 nm.
- Protective layer D preferably has a thickness greater than or equal to 1 nm or 10 nm.
- the protective layer D has the function of protecting the metallic layer C from oxidation, and from degradation due to bad weather (rain, ultraviolet rays, etc.).
- the protective layer D is a metallic layer D and comprises at least one metal M2, optionally in the form of an alloy.
- the external face of the complex is the external face of the protective layer D.
- IDL Far infrared
- Emissivity, reflection, transmission, and absorption form the radiative properties of the complex.
- the emissivity, in particular in the infrared, in particular in the far infrared, of the external face of the complex can be measured according to standard NF EN 15976, in particular dating from July 2011, entitled “Flexible sealing sheets - Determination of emissivity”.
- the impermeability to water of the complex can be assessed by the measurement method described in standard NF EN ISO 811, in particular dating from May 2018, and entitled "Textiles-Determination of Resistance to Water Penetration - Hydrostatic Pressure Test".
- said at least one metal M1 is chosen from the list consisting of: aluminum, silver, gold, stainless steel, zinc, tin, lead, copper, titanium, chromium, nickel, and a mixture of these, preferably aluminum.
- said at least one metal M2 is different from said at least one metal M1, or said at least one metal M2 is identical to metal M1 and the metal layer C comprises an alloy of metal M1 which is different from the alloy of metal M2 of the protective layer D.
- the inner face of the complex in particular consisting at least in part of the waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A, is oriented in operation directly facing the user or the object to be protected from condensation.
- the internal face of the complex is in contact with a layer of air.
- the present invention relates, according to a second aspect, to an article comprising at least one complex according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the first aspect of the invention, said article is advantageously chosen from the list comprising: a device for protecting a user from rain and/or wind comprising a shelter zone, in particular chosen from: a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent, an awning, a protective tarpaulin, an umbrella, a parasol, a curtain, a blind; and protective clothing against rain and/or wind.
- a device for protecting a user from rain and/or wind comprising a shelter zone, in particular chosen from: a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent, an awning, a protective tarpaulin, an umbrella, a parasol, a curtain, a blind; and protective clothing against rain and/or wind.
- said article is a rain and/or wind protection device comprising a shelter zone, in particular chosen from a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent, an awning and a protective tarpaulin, more particularly a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent and an awning.
- said article is a garment for protection against rain and/or wind.
- Said protective clothing can be a sailing dungarees, a hiking jacket, ...
- the article according to the invention can be a tent.
- the tent may include an interior chamber. However, preferably the tent does not include an inner chamber.
- the rain and/or wind protection device comprises a shelter zone, that is to say a zone in which a user can take shelter at least partially, for example from the rain, the wind and/or the sun.
- the internal face of the complex is in contact at least in part with a layer of air, for example a layer of air of minimum thickness (for example of the order of 5 mm or 3 cm to 15 cm or 20 cm), in particular extending between the complex and an interior chamber, or opening directly into the air volume of the shelter zone.
- a layer of air for example a layer of air of minimum thickness (for example of the order of 5 mm or 3 cm to 15 cm or 20 cm), in particular extending between the complex and an interior chamber, or opening directly into the air volume of the shelter zone.
- the complex forms at least in part a single-walled roof or a single-walled screen of a rain and/or wind protection device, in particular of a tent, an awning or an over-sleeping bag.
- the present invention relates, according to a third aspect, to a tent comprising a roof of which at least one part is single-walled, and said tent comprises at least one complex according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the first aspect of the invention forming said at least one single-walled part.
- said tent comprises a single-walled roof and said tent comprises one or more complex(s) according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the first aspect of the invention, or obtained (s) by the manufacturing method according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the fourth aspect of the invention, forming at least partly, or entirely, the single-walled roof.
- the tent comprises a complex forming at least partly or entirely the single-walled roof of the tent.
- the tent comprises several complexes assembled together, in particular sewn and/or welded and/or glued along their edges, forming at least partly or entirely the single-walled roof of the tent.
- the tent comprises a device for tensioning and maintaining the tent in a deployed state comprising one or more tensioning rod(s) configured to be deployed at least partially outside the single-wall roof.
- a device for tensioning and maintaining the tent in a deployed state comprising one or more tensioning rod(s) configured to be deployed at least partially outside the single-wall roof.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing a complex limiting the condensation of water and having internal and external faces, said external face being oriented directly facing the external atmosphere, in particular according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps (in particular the following successive steps): a- a step of supplying at least one textile substrate B having an internal face and an external face; b- a step of depositing a waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A on the internal face of said textile substrate B; c- a step of depositing a thin layer of at least one metal M1, optionally in the form of an alloy, directly on the outer face of the textile substrate B to manufacture a metal layer C, in particular the step of depositing a thin layer is a step of physical vapor deposition; d—optionally a step of depositing, on the outer face of the metal layer C, a protective layer D of said metal layer C, in particular the step of depositing d) is a step of
- the metallic layer C, and optionally the protective layer D is/are deposited by a thin layer deposition technique, in particular by vapor phase deposition, either by a physical route in the case of layer C and/or of the protective layer D, or by a chemical route in the case of the protective layer D.
- a step of deposition by sputtering optionally assisted by a magnetic field.
- step d) is a step of depositing a thin layer (in particular for the manufacture of layer D), in particular:
- step of deposition by vacuum evaporation in particular this step is carried out in the enclosure for manufacturing the metallic layer C, or
- PECVD Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
- this step is carried out in the enclosure for manufacturing the metallic layer C, or
- this vaporization step comprises placing at least one metal M1 (or M2), optionally in the form of an alloy, in a crucible placed in a vacuum enclosure.
- the crucible is placed facing the external face of the textile substrate B when the metallic layer C is to be deposited, or facing the external face of the metallic layer C when a metallic layer D is to be deposited.
- Said at least one metal M1 or M2, or an alloy of the latter is then vaporized, in particular by heating, and is deposited by condensing on the external face of the textile substrate B, or on the external face of the metallic layer C.
- the crucible (that is to say the receptacle comprising said at least one metal M1, or M2, or an alloy of M1 or M2, in fusion) can be arranged in an extended manner facing the outer face of the textile substrate B, or the outer face of the metal layer C, in particular we speak of vacuum evaporation with an extended source.
- the vaporized metallic particles are directed substantially along vertical lines towards the textile substrate B or the metallic layer C.
- the metallic layer formed has a regular thickness, that is to say substantially constant.
- the crucible (that is to say the receptacle comprising said at least one molten metal M1 or M2) can be placed in a point-like manner facing the textile substrate B or the metal layer C, one speaks of vacuum evaporation with a point source.
- the vaporized particles are directed substantially along an arc of a circle.
- the metal layer formed has an irregular thickness because it is thicker in its center than on the sides. It is possible to reduce the pressure applied in the enclosure in order to reduce this effect. However, the deposition rate is then reduced.
- the step of deposition by sputtering (in particular step c) or step d)), in particular combined with a magnetic field, comprises a step of vaporization of said at least one metal M1 or M2, or an alloy of the latter, preferably obtained by various techniques, such as by electron bombardment.
- this sputtering step comprises an enclosure in which a diode (that is to say a cathode and anode assembly) is arranged, and comprises the formation of a plasma.
- a diode that is to say a cathode and anode assembly
- the enclosure comprises a sputtering target forming a cathode, said sputtering target comprises (or essentially consists of) said at least one metal M1 or M2, or an alloy of the latter.
- the enclosure also comprises an anode on which the textile substrate B, optionally coated with the metallic layer C, is secured so that the external face of the textile substrate B or of the metallic layer C faces the cathode, in particular a few centimeters from the cathode.
- This arrangement makes it possible to ionize more gas molecules in the vicinity of the cathode and thus increases the number of collisions between the ions created and the target. The rate of ionization is therefore increased, thus making it possible to achieve a higher yield of sputtering and ultimately of deposition.
- the plasma is towards the target due to the magnetic field, the temperature applied to the substrate is therefore lower, which is advantageous for a textile substrate B whose temperature resistance is limited depending on the yarns/fibers used.
- the deposition technique by cathode sputtering optionally assisted by a magnetic field gives good results in terms of chemical and mechanical attachment to the textile substrate B. More complex alloys can also be deposited by this technique. Finally, the deposition of the metal particles takes place as close as possible to the outer face of the textile substrate B, and therefore are deposited on the microstructures of the textile, which is favorable for the preservation of the water vapor permeability.
- step d) is a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition step.
- the plasma is a plasma of oxygen or argon or of a mixture of oxygen and argon and further comprises a chemical precursor, for example an organosilicon compound, for example a linear or cyclic siloxane or for example a metal M2, for example titanium or aluminum, preferably titanium, or even preferably a compound comprising the metal M2 (for example titanium).
- a chemical precursor for example an organosilicon compound, for example a linear or cyclic siloxane or for example a metal M2, for example titanium or aluminum, preferably titanium, or even preferably a compound comprising the metal M2 (for example titanium).
- the compound comprising the metal M2 can be titanium iso-propoxide CTTIP).
- the metal layer C, and / or the protective layer D is / are deposited on the outer face of the textile substrate B associated with the waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A, in particular the substrate A is placed on the internal face of the textile substrate B.
- the metallic layer C is deposited on the outer face of the textile substrate B, said textile substrate B not being associated with the waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A during the deposition of the metallic layer C.
- the metallic layer D is deposited on the outer face of the textile substrate B, said outer face of the textile substrate B being covered at least in part by the metallic layer C, said textile substrate B not being associated with the waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A during the deposition of the metallic layer D.
- said steps are carried out in this order: a- a step of supplying at least one textile substrate B having an inner face and an outer face, then c- a step of depositing a thin layer of at least one metal M1, optionally in the form of an alloy, directly on the outer face of the textile substrate B to manufacture a metal layer C, in particular the step of depositing a thin layer is a step of physical vapor deposition; then d—optionally a step of depositing, on the external face of the metallic layer C, a protective layer D of said metallic layer C; and b- a step of depositing a waterproof and water vapor permeable substrate A on the internal face of said textile substrate B.
- the layer C is deposited on the textile substrate B free of the waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A so that only the textile substrate B is coated at least in part with the layer C.
- the waterproof and water vapor-permeable substrate A is not coated with the metallic layer C and/or the metallic layer D.
- the thin layer deposition technique allows layer C and optionally layer D to cling(s) only to the textile parts of the textile substrate B without clogging its pores.
- the water vapor circulates more easily through the substrate A (in particular not blocked by the layer C and/or the layer D) then through the pores of the textile substrate B (in particular not blocked by the layer C and/or the layer D).
- step d) is a step of depositing a thin layer of the protective layer D, in particular a step of physical vapor deposition of at least one metal M2 (more particularly different from the metal M1 or identical to the metal M1 but in a different alloy from the alloy of the metal M1) or a step of chemical vapor deposition of at least one chemical compound not comprising any metal, or else a step of chemical vapor deposition of titanium dioxide, on the outer face of the metal layer C for the formation of the protective layer D.
- a step of physical vapor deposition of at least one metal M2 more particularly different from the metal M1 or identical to the metal M1 but in a different alloy from the alloy of the metal M1
- a step of chemical vapor deposition of at least one chemical compound not comprising any metal or else a step of chemical vapor deposition of titanium dioxide, on the outer face of the metal layer C for the formation of the protective layer D.
- chemical compound not comprising metal is understood to mean any compound comprising carbon and/or oxygen, and optionally comprising silicon (Si) atoms.
- step d) is a step of depositing a thin layer of the protective layer D, in particular a step of depositing a metallic protective layer D comprising titanium dioxide.
- the complex comprises, from the internal face towards the external face:
- a waterproof and water vapor permeable substrate A in particular comprising a waterproof and water vapor permeable membrane or a waterproof and water vapor permeable polymer coating;
- a protective layer D of the metallic layer C preferably deposited by a thin layer deposition technique, more preferably a metallic protective layer D, for example a protective layer D of titanium dioxide, or a polymeric protective layer D;
- the protective layer D is also water-repellent.
- the present invention relates, according to a fifth aspect of the invention, to the use of a complex according to any one of the variant embodiments according to a first aspect of the invention, or capable of being obtained by the implementation of the method according to a fourth aspect of the invention, for the manufacture of an article limiting, see suppressing, the condensation of water along an interior wall, in particular for the manufacture of at least a single-wall part of a roof of a tent.
- said article comprises said complex and at least one interior wall of said article comprises/(is formed at least in part) from the internal face of the complex.
- the external face of the article facing the external atmosphere comprises/(is formed at least in part) from the external face of the complex.
- Said article is preferably a device for protecting a user from rain and/or wind comprising a shelter area, in particular chosen from: a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent, an awning, a protective tarpaulin, an umbrella, a parasol, a curtain, a blind; and a garment for protection against rain and/or wind, more preferably a device for protecting a user from rain and/or wind comprising a shelter zone, in particular chosen from a protective overbag for a sleeping bag, a tent, and an awning.
- Said article may be an article as defined with reference to the second aspect of the invention.
- variants/embodiments according to a first, second, third, fourth and fifth aspect can be combined with each other independently of each other.
- FIG. 1 Figure 1 schematically illustrates in cross section a first example of a complex according to the invention
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates in cross section a second example of a complex according to the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents a comparative example of a complex of the state of the art
- Figure 4 schematically shows a first example of an article according to the invention which is a single-wall tent comprising the first or second example shown in Figures 1 and 2;
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of the outer face of a textile substrate B, the inner face of which is free and the outer face is covered with a metallic layer C, the complex therefore does not comprise a waterproof substrate and permeable to water vapor A;
- FIG. 6 schematically represents a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of the external face of a textile substrate B, the internal face of which is covered with a coating that is impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor forming the substrate A, and the external face is covered with a metallic layer C;
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of the external face of a textile substrate B, the internal face of which is covered with a membrane impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor forming the substrate A, and the external face is covered with a metallic layer C.
- Figure 8 schematically shows a second example of an article according to the invention which is a single-wall tent comprising the first or second example shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the first example of a complex according to the invention 10 comprises an internal face 12 and an external face 14 that are substantially opposite.
- the complex 10 comprises a substrate A impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor 20 having substantially opposite inner 22 and outer 24 faces.
- the substrate A consists of a polymer coating impermeable to water and to water vapor 26, for example in polyurethane and micro-porous.
- the complex 10 comprises a textile substrate B 30 having substantially opposite inner 32 and outer 34 faces, the inner face 32 of which is placed facing the outer face 24 of the substrate A 20.
- the complex 10 comprises a metal layer C 40 having substantially opposite inner 42 and outer 44 faces, the inner face 42 of which is placed facing the outer face 34 of the textile substrate B.
- the substrate A 20, the textile substrate B 30 and the metal layer C 40 are thus substantially superimposed.
- the metallic layer C 40 is a metallic layer in a metal M1, preferably M1 is aluminium.
- the complex 10 comprises a protective layer D 50 of the metallic layer C.
- the protective layer D 50 comprises substantially opposite inner 52 and outer 54 faces.
- the internal face 52 of the protective layer D 50 is arranged facing the external face 44 of the metallic layer C 40.
- the protective layer D 50 is in this specific example a metal layer comprising a metal M2, in particular in the form of an alloy, in particular it is chromium nickel.
- the outer face 14 of the complex 10 is intended to be oriented directly in the external atmosphere while the inner face 12 is intended to be oriented towards the user, in particular opposite a shelter zone in which the user can take shelter/park.
- the metal layer C 40 and optionally the metal layer D 50 is/are preferably deposited by physical vapor deposition, in particular by cathode sputtering, in particular assisted by a magnetic field.
- the metal layer C 40 has a thickness for example of the order of 80 nm.
- the metallic layer D 50 has a thickness for example of the order of 80 nm.
- the protective layer D is deposited during a chemical vapor deposition step, in particular assisted by plasma, preferably the plasma comprises dinitrogen or argon, and at least one chemical precursor, for example an organosilane.
- the outer face 54 of the protective layer D is treated with a water-repellent finish, in particular based on a non-fluorinated flame retardant.
- the outer face of the protective layer D does not require a water-repellent treatment since it intrinsically performs a water-repellent function.
- the second example of complex according to the invention 100 comprises from its internal face 102 towards its external face 104: a textile protective layer E 115, a waterproof substrate A and permeable to water vapor 120 consisting of a polymeric coating impermeable to water and water vapor 126, for example in polyurethane and microporous, a textile substrate B 130, a metallic layer C 140 and optionally a protective layer D 150.
- the protective layer D 150 is in this specific example a metal layer comprising a metal M2 in particular in the form of an alloy, in particular it is chromium nickel
- the metallic layer C and optionally the metallic layer D, is/are preferably deposited by physical vapor deposition, in particular by sputtering.
- the metallic layer C 140 has a thickness for example of the order of 80 nm.
- the metallic layer D 150 has a thickness for example of the order of 80 nm.
- the metal layer C 140 comprises a metal M1, preferably aluminum.
- the protective layer D is deposited during a chemical vapor deposition step, in particular assisted by plasma, preferably the plasma comprises dinitrogen or argon, and at least one chemical precursor, for example an organosilane.
- the substrate A is a membrane that is impermeable to water and permeable to water vapour, in particular microporous and made of polyurethane.
- the outer face 154 of the protective layer D 150 is treated with a water-repellent finish, based on a flame retardant chosen from those mentioned above.
- the comparative example of complex 200 represented in FIG. 3 comprises from its internal face 202 towards its external face 204: a substrate A comprising a polymeric coating impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor 210, a metallic layer C 220, and a textile substrate B 230.
- the emissivity of the outer face 204 of the complex 200 is of the order of 0.65 and the Ret is of the order of 13 m 2 .Pa.W 1 .
- the metal layer C 220 is arranged along the internal face 232 of the textile substrate B 230, the emissivity of the external face 204 is too high, and insufficient to effectively combat the radiative heating of the internal face 202 of the complex 220.
- the textile substrate B described in the examples above can be a fabric comprising threads having a fineness of 150 denier, in particular made of polyethylene terephthalate, and having a surface weight of 90 g/m 2 .
- the protective layer D (50 or 150) is a thin layer of titanium dioxide also acting as a water-repellent layer.
- the protective layer D is then deposited during a step of chemical vapor deposition, in particular assisted by plasma, preferably the plasma comprises dinitrogen or argon, and at least one chemical precursor which is titanium or titanium dioxide to form a layer of titanium dioxide.
- the deposition of the thin layer D is carried out under vacuum.
- the complex 10 or 100 is manufactured by first applying the metallic layer C (40 or 140) on the external face 34 of the textile substrate B (30 or 130), then by applying the protective layer D (50 or 150 or even a thin layer of titanium dioxide) on the external face 44 of the metallic layer C, and finally by applying the waterproof-breathable substrate A on the internal face. 32 of the textile substrate B.
- This stacking order of the layers of the complexes makes it possible to optimize the RET because the evaporation of the water vapor through the substrate A is facilitated, and therefore to obtain an improved anti-condensation effect.
- Figure 4 shows in cross section a non-limiting example of an article 300 which is a single-wall tent 305 comprising a complex 10 or 100 according to the invention.
- the article includes a shelter zone 310 in which a user 320, or an object, can shelter from the sun, the wind and the rain.
- the shelter zone 310 is the inner chamber 315 of the single-wall tent 305.
- the water vapor accumulated in the interior chamber 315 is evacuated according to the arrows F by crossing the complex 10 or 100 from its internal face 12 or 102 towards its external face 14 or 104, into the external atmosphere.
- the water vapor and the accumulated heat can thus be evacuated from the interior chamber thanks to the properties of the complex according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents a second example of an article according to the invention which is a single-wall tent 400 comprising a complex 10 or 100 according to the invention.
- the single-walled tent 400 includes a single-walled roof 410, and therefore does not include an interior chamber covered by the single-walled roof.
- the single-walled roof forms an interior chamber on its own.
- the single-walled roof 410 is formed of several complexes 10 or 100 assembled to each other.
- the tent 400 also comprises a device for tensioning and maintaining in a deployed state 420 the single-wall tent.
- Comparative example 1 a comparative complex comprising a polyurethane coating not permeable to water vapour, a textile substrate (for example comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 deniers, and weighing about 64 g/m 2 ), a metallic layer C of 80 nm, and a water-repellent primer, said complex having a weight/m 2 of 89 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.15 mm, has: a Ret of 222 m 2 .Pa.W 1 , water repellency of grade 4, and impermeability of 8017 mm to the water column.
- the Ret is very high, the water vapor accumulates on the internal face of the complex, condenses, and forms drops.
- Comparative example 2 a comparative complex comprising a textile substrate (for example comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 denier, and weighing about 64 g/m 2 ), a metal layer C of 80 nm, and a water-repellent finish, said complex having a weight/m 2 of 68 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.10 mm, has: an emissivity of 0.28, a Ret of 3, 54 m 2 .Pa.W , grade 4 water repellency, and 97.7 mm impermeability to the water column. The Ret is very low. However, the complex is permeable to water and therefore does not protect the user from the rain.
- a textile substrate for example comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 denier, and weighing about 64 g/m 2
- a metal layer C of 80 nm a water-repellent finish
- said complex having a weight/m 2 of 68 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.10
- Example according to the invention 1 a complex according to the invention comprising a polyurethane coating permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, a textile substrate (for example comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 denier, and weighing about 75 g/m 2 ), a metal layer C of 80 nm, and a water-repellent finish, said complex having a weight/m 2 of 83 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.15 mm, has: an emissivity of 0.30, a Ret of 11.4 m 2 .Pa.W 1 , grade 3 water repellency, and impermeability of 6396 mm to the water column.
- no condensation forms on the internal face of the complex, which remains dry even after a night's sleep.
- Example according to the invention 2 a complex according to the invention comprising a membrane permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, a textile substrate (for example comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 deniers, and weighing about 64 g/m 2 ), a metal layer C of 80 nm, and a water-repellent finish, said complex having a weight/m 2 of 92 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.1 5 mm, has: an emissivity of 0.26, a Ret of 13 m 2 .Pa.W -1 , water repellency of grade 4.5, and impermeability of 5998 mm to the water column.
- no condensation forms on the internal face of the complex, which remains dry even after a night's sleep.
- Example according to the invention 3 a complex according to the invention comprising a protective layer E in a textile mesh (in PET of 50 g/m 2 ), a membrane permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, a textile substrate (for example comprising yarns in PET having a fineness of 75 deniers, and weighing of the order of 64 g/m 2 ), a metal layer C of 80 nm, and a water-repellent primer, said complex having a weight /m 2 of 150 g/m 2 , a thickness of 0.33 mm, has: an emissivity of 0.26, a Ret of 32.1 m 2 .Pa.W 1 , a water repellency of grade 4.5, and an impermeability of 22531 mm to the water column.
- a thin protective layer D in Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention on the metallic layer C, the water-repellent finish being applied to the protective layer D, does not modify the Ret and the emissivities measured.
- the protective layer D makes it possible to prevent the oxidation of the metallic layer C and prolongs its service life.
- the metallic layer C is deposited by magnetron sputtering (i.e. assisted by a magnetic field).
- FIGS. 5 to 6 represent photographs of the through openings of a textile substrate B (400,500,600) measured according to the measurement protocol described above (in particular under a scanning electron microscope, and the Topomaps software).
- the textile substrate B (400,500,600) is in particular a 64 g/m 2 warp and weft fabric comprising PET yarns having a fineness of 75 deniers).
- the metal layer C is preferably an 80 nm aluminum layer deposited by magnetron sputtering.
- the through openings are advantageously formed at the intersection of the wires with each other as can be seen in Figures 5 to 7.
- the metal layer C does not obstruct the through-openings 410 of the textile substrate B 400 but that said at least one metal M1, here aluminum, is deposited on the wires.
- the through-openings 510 are blocked from the internal face of the textile substrate B by the waterproof and water vapor-permeable coating forming the substrate A.
- this substrate A being permeable to water vapor, the water vapor passes through the substrate A then escapes through said through-openings 510 through the textile substrate B, and the metal layer C, and possibly the protective layer D (which also adheres to the threads/fibers and does not block 510 openings).
- substrate A is a waterproof membrane permeable to water vapor laminated to the internal face of textile substrate B.
- the membrane therefore does not block the through openings 610 of textile substrate B, and is therefore not visible from its external face.
- the substrate A comprises micropores allowing the evacuation of water vapor but does not allow liquid water to pass through.
- these through-openings 410, 510 or 610 have an average size less than or equal to 0.01 mm 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 0.003 mm 2 and greater than or equal to 0.0001 mm 2 , for example of the order of 0.001 to 0.01 mm 2 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2200491A FR3131930B1 (fr) | 2022-01-20 | 2022-01-20 | Complexe diminuant la condensation de l’eau, article comprenant un tel complexe, et procédé de fabrication d’un tel complexe |
| PCT/EP2023/051166 WO2023139143A1 (fr) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-01-19 | Complexe diminuant la condensation de l'eau, article comprenant un tel complexe, et procede de fabrication d'un tel complexe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4466432A1 true EP4466432A1 (fr) | 2024-11-27 |
Family
ID=80933163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23701113.5A Pending EP4466432A1 (fr) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-01-19 | Complexe diminuant la condensation de l'eau, article comprenant un tel complexe, et procede de fabrication d'un tel complexe |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250116058A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4466432A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025502432A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240141183A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN116461174A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2023208364A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3247457A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3131930B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW202348770A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023139143A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202405504B (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0299018A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-27 | 1989-01-18 | POSNANSKY, Mario | Stratifie |
| US5955175A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-09-21 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Infra-red reflective coverings |
| FR2842556B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-17 | 2009-01-30 | Abeil | Sous tente composite isotherme pour environnements extremes et materiaux correspondants |
| WO2012073095A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-07 | Zhik Pty Ltd | Matières à vêtements composites et fonctionnelles |
| US10160184B2 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2018-12-25 | Xefco Pty Ltd | Insulated radiant barriers in apparel |
-
2022
- 2022-01-20 FR FR2200491A patent/FR3131930B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-01-19 KR KR1020247027715A patent/KR20240141183A/ko active Pending
- 2023-01-19 CA CA3247457A patent/CA3247457A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-01-19 CN CN202310096466.5A patent/CN116461174A/zh active Pending
- 2023-01-19 WO PCT/EP2023/051166 patent/WO2023139143A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-01-19 EP EP23701113.5A patent/EP4466432A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-01-19 AU AU2023208364A patent/AU2023208364A1/en active Pending
- 2023-01-19 TW TW112102668A patent/TW202348770A/zh unknown
- 2023-01-19 US US18/730,016 patent/US20250116058A1/en active Pending
- 2023-01-19 JP JP2024543169A patent/JP2025502432A/ja active Pending
- 2023-01-19 CN CN202320160562.7U patent/CN220639149U/zh active Active
-
2024
- 2024-07-15 ZA ZA2024/05504A patent/ZA202405504B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA202405504B (en) | 2025-02-26 |
| US20250116058A1 (en) | 2025-04-10 |
| CN116461174A (zh) | 2023-07-21 |
| CN220639149U (zh) | 2024-03-22 |
| KR20240141183A (ko) | 2024-09-25 |
| FR3131930A1 (fr) | 2023-07-21 |
| CA3247457A1 (fr) | 2023-07-27 |
| FR3131930B1 (fr) | 2026-01-16 |
| AU2023208364A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
| JP2025502432A (ja) | 2025-01-24 |
| TW202348770A (zh) | 2023-12-16 |
| WO2023139143A1 (fr) | 2023-07-27 |
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