EP4448816A1 - Matériau composite à matrice métallique pour pièce d'horlogerie - Google Patents
Matériau composite à matrice métallique pour pièce d'horlogerieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4448816A1 EP4448816A1 EP22839171.0A EP22839171A EP4448816A1 EP 4448816 A1 EP4448816 A1 EP 4448816A1 EP 22839171 A EP22839171 A EP 22839171A EP 4448816 A1 EP4448816 A1 EP 4448816A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- weight
- equal
- metal
- metal alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009710 electro sinter forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
- A44C27/002—Metallic materials
- A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/059—Making alloys comprising less than 5% by weight of dispersed reinforcing phases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a material comprising a metal alloy, particularly suitable for forming all or part of a timepiece component, in particular for a timepiece component such as a casing component. It also relates to a timepiece component, a timepiece, piece of jewelery or jewelery as such comprising such a material, such as a watch. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a material.
- Certain alloys such as for example the Au75Ag25 alloy, have the advantage of an attractive color, which would thus meet the requirements relating to the color of a watch component.
- such an alloy has a low hardness, less than 40 HV, which prevents it from being used to manufacture a watch component, despite the advantage of its color.
- the requirement relating to the hardness of a watch component deprives the aesthetic expert participating in the manufacture of a watch component of the possibility of achieving certain interesting colors that certain alloys could offer.
- the material used for the manufacture of a watch component must also meet other requirements, including satisfactory stability to a change in its color over time. , despite external attacks, for example under the effect of weakly aggressive aqueous media, such as tap water, sea water, swimming pool water, salt water or even soapy water, and a robustness enabling it to maintain its mechanical properties over time.
- One object of the invention is therefore to provide a material for a watchmaking, jewelery or jewelery component, which has a desired color as well as a satisfactory hardness.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a material resistant to a change in color and/or in its mechanical properties over time.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing such a material, which is sufficiently simple and reliable to achieve good repeatability, making it possible to obtain a predefined color identical to each manufacturing cycle.
- the invention is based on a composite material with a metal matrix for a watch component, characterized in that it consists of:
- the composite material comprising at least 75% by weight of gold, or o based on platinum, the composite material comprising at least 95% by weight of platinum, or o based on palladium, the composite material comprising at least 95% by weight of palladium, the composite material further comprising between 0.1% and 2% by weight of at least one hardening element, or even between 0.5% and 2% by weight , or even between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1.25% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1% by weight of at least one hardening element;
- a reinforcing material with a mass proportion of between 1% and 10%, or even between 1% and 5%, comprising ceramic particles.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a composite material with a metal matrix for a watch component, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- a metal alloy o based on gold so as to comprise at least 75% by weight of gold in the composite material, or o based on platinum, so as to comprise at least 95% by weight of platinum in the composite material, or o based on palladium, so as to comprise at least 95% by weight of palladium in the composite material, the metal alloy further comprising a hardening element so that the composite material comprises between 0.1% and 2% by weight of at least one hardening element, even between 0.5% and 2% by weight, even between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight, even between 0.5% and 1.25% by weight, even between 0.5% and 1% by weight of the at least one hardening element;
- Figure 1 represents the hardness obtained by the respective addition of a hardening element Ti, Zr, Al and Y in a proportion of 1% by weight in a metal alloy in comparison with the hardness of a similar metal alloy without hardening element.
- Figure 2 illustrates the effect of adding the hardening element Ti for a chosen metal alloy AuAg22Ti1 by a metallographic section.
- Figure 3 shows colorimetric measurements for different metal alloys according to the illustrative examples of the invention.
- Figures 4a and 4b respectively illustrate the evolution of the color and luminosity of different metal alloys according to the illustrative examples of the invention according to aging tests by exposure to salt spray over a period of 1 to 200 days.
- FIG. 5a and 5b show the microstructure of samples densified, respectively from a metal alloy without a hardening element combined with a ceramic reinforcement, and from the same mixture in which the metal alloy includes a hardening element.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents a flowchart of the process for manufacturing a composite material according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Example: Au75Ag25 corresponds to an alloy comprising 75% gold (18 carats) and 25% silver.
- the “75” could be omitted after the element Au, the percentage by weight of Au then being the complement to 100% of the percentages of the other elements and/or components of the composite material.
- the concept of the invention is based on the use of a metal alloy, determined in order to achieve a predefined color, which is reinforced by a reinforcing material comprising ceramic particles, to form a composite material with a metal matrix.
- a metal alloy based on gold and silver is used.
- the invention is well suited to a metal alloy such that the resulting composite material comprises at least 75% by weight of gold, and comprises between 15% and 24%, or even between 20% and 24% by weight of silver.
- the invention therefore makes usable in a horological application such a metal alloy, which could not to be until now because of its insufficient hardness, as explained previously.
- the process which will be described is particularly suitable for the choice of a metal alloy: o based on gold, comprising at least 75% by weight of gold, or o based on platinum, comprising at least 95% by wt platinum, or palladium-based, comprising at least 95 wt% palladium.
- the mass proportions indicated correspond to the mass percentages in the resulting material, and in particular in the resulting composite material.
- the proportion of gold is preferably less than 95% by weight, or even less than 90% by weight, or even less than 80% by weight. Beyond that, the gold-based alloy is very soft, and it becomes much more difficult to process it by invention, even if it is not excluded.
- the gold-based alloy is an 18 carat alloy, comprising 75% by weight of gold.
- the process which will be described is also particularly suitable for the choice of a metal alloy having a hardness less than or equal to 70 HV, or even less than or equal to 50 HV, or even less than or equal to 40 HV.
- the first step of the process consists in choosing E1 a metal alloy which will form the base of the matrix of the composite material.
- this alloy is based on gold and silver.
- an aesthetic expert will be able to choose a metal alloy according to its color, disregarding its hardness.
- the method according to the embodiment of the invention advantageously uses powder metallurgy.
- the second step of the process consists in adding E2 at least one hardening element to the metal alloy chosen to produce a hardened metal alloy.
- the composite material comprises between 0.05% and 2% by weight of the at least one hardening element, even between 0.075% and 1.75% of the at least one hardening element, even between 0.1% and 1.5% by weight of the at least one hardening element, or even between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1.25% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1% by weight.
- these mass proportions correspond to the mass percentages in the resulting composite material.
- the at least one hardening element of the metal alloy is chosen from elements forming precipitates at low concentration, in other words showing low solubility in the alloy, in particular from titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), yttrium (Y), calcium (Ca) or a lanthanide.
- Ti titanium
- Zr zirconium
- Al aluminum
- Y yttrium
- Ca calcium
- one or more of these hardening elements is integrated in a very small proportion into the metal alloy chosen to form a micro-alloy, which we will call hardened metal alloy.
- the at least one hardening element of the metal alloy is chosen from elements able to react with the material chosen for the reinforcement and/or able to form a reinforcing material in situ during densification, in particular an element among boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) or oxygen (O).
- the hardening element is therefore an element, in the sense of a chemical element, i.e. a simple element, not a compound.
- this hardening element is integrated, incorporated, within the very structure of the alloy, to form a hardened metal alloy. It is therefore not an element which remains outside the alloy, unlike a reinforcing material, as will be specified later.
- Figure 1 shows the hardness HV0.5 obtained by adding each of the four hardening elements Ti, Zr, Al and Y in comparison with the hardness of the metal alloy AuAg25, without hardening element. It appears that each of the hardening elements makes it possible to very significantly increase the hardness of the metal alloy, up to almost a factor of 4 for Ti. The hardness of the alloy thus increases up to 135 HV with an addition of 1% by weight of the element Zr and up to 150 HV with an addition of 1% by weight of the element Ti.
- the hardening element is added to the metal alloy chosen in a very low concentration, close to the solubility limit in the liquid phase. This makes it possible, during the cooling and passage to the solid phase during the manufacture of the hardened metal alloy, to form precipitates in the solid phase which will increase the hardness of the hardened metal alloy.
- X-ray diffraction measurements show that the addition of the hardening element Ti causes the formation of intermetallic precipitates, which induce hardening of the alloy.
- the hardening element Ti on the microstructure of a solid sample of the hardened metal alloy, resulting from casting, to make it possible to clearly highlight the intermetallic precipitates, which are not not easily visible on the atomized powder which will be described later, because of the small size of the precipitates.
- the hardening elements chosen, in the proportion of 1% by weight according to the examples of embodiment can also bring an interesting effect on the color and form hardened metal alloys endowed with a satisfactory stability of their color over time. , even under attack.
- the color is conventionally defined by a point in CIELAB space formed by a green-red axis on the abscissa, a blue-yellow axis on the ordinate and an axis representing the contrast (cf. report CIE15:2004 established by the International Commission on Illumination). The measurements were all carried out using the following convention: illuminant D65 and standard observer 10° (CIE1964).
- Figure 3 shows colorimetric measurements for the different metal alloys hardened according to the illustrative examples of the invention, in comparison with the AuAg22 and AuAg25 alloys without hardening element.
- a hardening element reinforces on the one hand the red component of the color of an Au-Ag based alloy, with an AE*ab difference of +1 to +3, and on the other hand decreases shares the yellow component to varying degrees.
- yttrium has the least influence on the color variation, followed by the elements in the order Zr, Al and Ti, with an AE*ab deviation between 1 and 10.
- the color of a hardened metal alloy of the AuAg22X1 type remains comparable to that of the base alloy AuAg22 or AuAg25.
- Figures 4a and 4b respectively illustrate the evolution of the color (figure 4a, in representation a*(D65) against b*(D65)) and of the luminosity (figure 4b, L*(D65) according to time) according to aging tests by exposure to salt spray over a period of 1 to 200 days for various alloys based on gold and silver, integrating or not the hardening elements aforementioned.
- the curves 13 illustrate the behavior of the hardened metal alloy with the hardening element Ti. They show that this behavior is similar to that of a basic metal alloy without the hardening element Ti, in particular the AuAg22 metal alloy illustrated by curves 11 and the AuAg25 metal alloy illustrated by curves 12.
- Curves 14 to 16 illustrate the behavior of the metal alloy hardened with the hardening elements Al, Zr and Y respectively.
- the method then implements a third preparation step E3 of a powder of composite material.
- the method according to the embodiment comprises a first sub-step E31 of producing a powder of the hardened metal alloy.
- Any process by grinding or atomization can be implemented for this step of producing a powder of the hardened metal alloy E31.
- this sub-step E31 is carried out by atomization, and more particularly by gas atomization or by ultrasonic atomization.
- this step of producing the metal powder E31 is such that the resulting metal powder has particles of mean size less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method then implements a second sub-step, by mixing E32 the metal powder obtained previously with a reinforcing powder comprising ceramic particles.
- the function of the reinforcing powder is to reinforce the metal alloy chosen, the hardness and more generally the mechanical properties of which may be insufficient for the desired watchmaking application.
- the ceramic particles can be in aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in zirconium oxide (ZrC), in titanium oxide (TiC), in titanium nitride (TiN), in silicon oxide (in particular SiO or SiO2), in silicon carbide (SiC), in diamond, in boron nitride (BN), in boron carbide (B4C), in silicon nitride (SisIXk), or in aluminum titanate (ALTiOs).
- ZrC zirconium oxide
- TiC titanium oxide
- TiN titanium nitride
- SiN silicon oxide
- SiC silicon carbide
- SiC silicon carbide
- BN boron nitride
- the reinforcing powder can therefore comprise ceramic particles in a single material, or a mixture of ceramic particles of two, three or more different materials.
- the reinforcing powder may consist entirely of ceramic particles.
- it can be ceramic-based, that is to say comprise at least 50% by weight of ceramic, and comprise other types of reinforcing particles.
- ceramic we mean a technical ceramic, which differs from a traditional ceramic by its composition, since it comes from a purified synthetic powder and not from a natural mineral powder such as feldspar or kaolin.
- engineered ceramic materials exhibit a number of properties that make them suitable for a range of different applications. More specifically, these properties are hardness, physical stability, extreme heat resistance and chemical inertness, among others.
- Suitable technical ceramic materials are materials such as alumina, aluminum nitride, aluminum silicate; zirconium silicate, boron carbide, boron nitride; nitrides, carbides and carbonitrides of zirconium, titanium, hafnium, niobium and/or silicon; barium titanate, magnesium oxide, titanium and zirconium (zirconia).
- alumina and/or zirconia are preferred.
- the proportion of the reinforcing powder corresponds to a mass proportion comprised between 0.5% and 10%, or even comprised between 1% and 5% of the total mass composition of the composite material. This proportion is chosen high enough to obtain an adequate hardness of the composite material, but low enough to avoid a modification of the base color of the metal alloy chosen.
- the ceramic particles of the reinforcing powder have an average dimension less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, even less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m, even less than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ m, even less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m .
- the small size of the particles allows on the one hand that they are not visible, and on the other hand to maximize the number of reinforcement particles for a given proportion by weight.
- the reinforcing particles is distributed in a homogeneous or substantially homogeneous manner in the metal matrix of the final composite material, and not to form between them a continuous network. This homogeneous dispersion is favored by the grinding of the hardened metal alloy, as described below.
- the simple mixing of the two powders is completed by grinding.
- the composite powder can for example be obtained by grinding on a standard planetary ball-mill type grinder.
- the grinding speed is advantageously between 200 and 800 rpm, even in a range of 100 to 1200 rpm.
- the grinding time is chosen between 3h and 12h. Depending on the metal alloy and the grinding speed, the grinding time can vary between 1h and 48h.
- the purpose of completing the mixture of the two powders by grinding is to incorporate the reinforcement particles (of sub-micrometric size) into the particles of the metal alloy powder.
- the particles reinforcement are located inside the metal grains after sintering, and act as obstacles to the movement of dislocations, inducing optimized hardening.
- the at least one hardening element here has the function of increasing the hardness of the metal alloy, which has the additional advantage of making it suitable for optimal grinding, making it possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement particles.
- the at least one hardening element of the metal alloy therefore essentially intervenes in this intermediate grinding phase of the process, to promote the optimal mixing of the reinforcing particles with the metal alloy, and thus optimize the respective positioning of the metal alloy and reinforcing particles in the final composite material.
- the at least one hardening element does not make it possible to form a hardened metal alloy which has sufficient properties which would make it possible to dispense with the use of the aforementioned reinforcing particles.
- the at least one hardening element will form precipitates at the grain boundaries during solidification, resulting in a coarse and heterogeneous microstructure which will not be not suitable for achieving a neat surface condition, in particular by polishing.
- the step of preparing the metal powder or of mixing said metal powder with a powder of reinforcement comprises an addition of oxygen, boron, carbon and/or nitrogen, in a pure form or in the form of oxide, boride, nitride or carbide, in a mass proportion less than or equal to 2% and preferably greater than or equal to 0.05%.
- This embodiment variant has the effect of promoting the formation of in-situ precipitates during the last densification step and/or during heat treatment and/or potentially during grinding, which act as reinforcing particles in the composite material. final.
- the reinforcing powder added with E32 can act as a precursor to the final reinforcing particles present in the composite material, which will be formed during the last densification step and/or during a heat treatment.
- boron and/or carbon and/or nitrogen and/or oxygen added as a component of the reinforcing powder can react with Ti, or Zr, or Al or Y, or Nb, or Hf, or V, or Ta, or Cr, or M, or W present in the alloy in the form of a solid solution, to form the reinforcement particles during the last densification step and/or during a subsequent heat treatment .
- the reinforcing material is thus in the form of particles, which are distributed in the composite material within the metal matrix formed by the hardened metal alloy.
- the reinforcing material acts in the form of particles positioned outside the metal alloy as such, in a juxtaposed manner to the hardened metal alloy, to form a one-piece composite material in which the particles of reinforcing material are imbricated with the assembly formed by the hardened metal alloy which forms a metal matrix of the composite material.
- the reinforcing material particles thus reinforce the hardened metal alloy, compared to the hardened metal alloy which would be used alone without the reinforcing material.
- the method then implements a fourth step E4 of densification of the powder of composite material obtained in the previous step.
- this densification is carried out by sintering, carried out by a technique of the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) type, also called flash sintering.
- SPS Spark Plasma Sintering
- the mixed and compacted powders are placed in a crucible, for example a cylindrical crucible, and are heated by the Joule effect by placing the crucible between two electrodes and passing a direct current, pulsed or not, with an intensity of typically several kA .
- the process is carried out under an inert, reactive atmosphere, or under vacuum, as well as under pressure, typically of the order of several MPa.
- the advantage of heating by Joule effect is that the heating and cooling rates are very high, thus making it possible to reduce the total duration of the heat treatment and to limit the growth of metal alloy grains and possible precipitates.
- the microstructure obtained will largely reflect that of the base powders, hence the usefulness of using powders whose grains have small dimensions.
- the mechanical properties, in particular a hardness, suitable for watchmaking applications are favored by a fine microstructure in the composite material.
- the heating and cooling rate is at least 1 K/min, preferably greater than 50 K/min, typically 100 K/min, with a favorable window between 50 and 200 K/min.
- the sintering temperature is advantageously between 800°C and 900°C, or even more widely between 600°C and 1000°C. These values may need to be adapted to the type and size of the powder.
- the treatments are carried out under vacuum, or under an inert gas such as Ar or Formiergaz (mixture of N2 and H2).
- the melting temperature of the reinforcing material is advantageously higher than the sintering temperature used.
- the densification step can comprise an additional heat treatment, under vacuum or under a neutral atmosphere or under a reactive atmosphere.
- Figures 5a and 5b show the microstructure of samples sintered according to the method described above, respectively from an Au-Ag metal alloy combined with a ceramic reinforcement in Al2O3, without hardening element, resulting in a composite material AuAg22-Al2O32% and on the other hand with the same Au-Ag metal alloy but comprising the hardening element Ti, according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention mentioned above, combined with a ceramic reinforcement made of Al2O3.
- the composite material of the invention comprises a metal matrix forming a continuous network, including a substantially homogeneous and/or non-continuous distribution of the ceramic-based reinforcing material in the matrix.
- the size of the ceramic particles being very small, they are not directly visible to the naked eye and therefore difficult to detect on the metallographic section of FIG. 5b.
- the measured hardness of the AuAg22Ti1 - Al2O3 2% composite material in Figure 5b is 202 HV0.5.
- the composite material of FIG. 5a comprises clear zones 20 which correspond to pieces of poorly ground metal alloy, which remain present due to the low hardness of the AuAg metal alloy. Black dots 21 correspond to alumina agglomerates. The structure of this composite material is therefore very different from that of the composite material of the invention, and much less optimized.
- the embodiment of the invention has been described based on a manufacturing process based on a powder metallurgy technique, particularly with densification by sintering.
- the hardened metal alloy powder or the composite material powder could be modified for its adaptation to densification by a laser additive manufacturing technique or for example could be modified by the addition of a binder for filing by a "binder jetting" type printer.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to form a very advantageous composite material, which comprises a structure endowed with mechanical properties perfectly suited to the desired horological applications, and which responds well to the desired objects.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to define a composite material whose structure is markedly improved relative to a metallic material which would simply be reinforced by an infiltration of reinforcing elements, or relative to a ceramic material with a ceramic phase. continues that would be infiltrated by a metallic material.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to define a composite material with a continuous metallic network, making it possible to obtain a mechanical strength and a markedly improved toughness.
- the invention also relates to a composite material with a metal matrix for a horological component as such.
- a composite material consists of: Of a metal alloy o based on gold, the composite material comprising at least 75% by weight of gold, or o based on platinum, the composite material comprising at least 95% by weight of platinum or o based on palladium, the composite material comprising at least 95% by weight of palladium, the composite material further comprising between 0.1% and 2% by weight of at least one hardening element of the metal alloy, or even between 0.5% and 2% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1.25% by weight, or even between 0.5% and 1% by weight of at least one hardening element of the metal alloy; And
- a reinforcing material with a mass proportion of between 0.5% and 10%, or even between 1% and 5%, comprising ceramic particles.
- the metal alloy chosen in the implementation of the invention does not comprise copper and/or no iron or comprises less than 0.5% copper and/or iron.
- the composite material comprises at least 75% by weight of gold, and less than 99.9% by weight of gold, even less than 99% by weight of gold, even less than 95% by weight of gold, or even preferably less than 90% by weight of gold, or even less than 80% by weight of gold.
- the metal matrix composite material advantageously comprises a structure in which a hardened metal alloy forms a continuous network, thereby forming a metal matrix of the composite material.
- the ceramic particles of the reinforcing material are advantageously distributed in a substantially homogeneous and/or non-continuous manner in the composite material.
- the invention makes it possible to manufacture a composite material with a metal matrix which has a hardness greater than or equal to 135 HV, or even greater than or equal to 150 HV, or even greater than or equal to 200 HV.
- the low content of the reinforcing material has little influence on the color of the composite material, that is to say that the color of the composite material is close to that of the metal alloy chosen initially, which can thus be chosen in particular for its color, depending on a desired aesthetic.
- the invention also relates to a watch component, characterized in that it comprises a composite material as described above.
- this composite material is particularly effective for producing all or part of a watch component, in particular a covering component, such as a watch case or a bezel, or a bracelet element or a bracelet clasp element. It can also be used to craft a component of a jewelry or jewelry piece.
- the production of a timepiece, jewelery or jewelery component means the production of all or a significant part of the thickness of such a timepiece component, and not a simple surface coating.
- the components considered comprise a large quantity of the composite material are advantageously in the form of a solid component, comprising in particular at least a part with a thickness greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, characterized in that it comprises at least one timepiece component as described above.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21214892 | 2021-12-15 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/085817 WO2023110997A1 (fr) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-12-14 | Matériau composite à matrice métallique pour pièce d'horlogerie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4448816A1 true EP4448816A1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
Family
ID=79024069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22839171.0A Pending EP4448816A1 (fr) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-12-14 | Matériau composite à matrice métallique pour pièce d'horlogerie |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250043397A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4448816A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024544281A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118382713A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023110997A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025224292A1 (fr) * | 2024-04-26 | 2025-10-30 | Patek Philippe Sa Geneve | Procede de fabrication d'un composant horloger ou de bijouterie et ledit composant horloger ou de bijouterie |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006183076A (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Nippon Atomized Metal Powers Corp | アトマイズ金粉末並びにそれを用いた導電性金ペーストおよび装飾用金粘土 |
| EP2402467B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-30 | 2015-06-17 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Alliage d'or à dureté améliorée |
| US9096917B2 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2015-08-04 | Hublot Sa, Genève | Composite material comprising a precious metal, manufacturing process and use of such material |
| TWI558826B (zh) * | 2013-06-10 | 2016-11-21 | 蘋果公司 | 用於形成金金屬基質複合材料之方法及裝置 |
-
2022
- 2022-12-14 US US18/717,499 patent/US20250043397A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-14 WO PCT/EP2022/085817 patent/WO2023110997A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-14 CN CN202280082051.6A patent/CN118382713A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-14 JP JP2024535634A patent/JP2024544281A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-14 EP EP22839171.0A patent/EP4448816A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024544281A (ja) | 2024-11-28 |
| WO2023110997A1 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| CN118382713A (zh) | 2024-07-23 |
| US20250043397A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
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