EP4448659A1 - Revêtement composite peek- sol-gel de haute performance - Google Patents
Revêtement composite peek- sol-gel de haute performanceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4448659A1 EP4448659A1 EP22847574.5A EP22847574A EP4448659A1 EP 4448659 A1 EP4448659 A1 EP 4448659A1 EP 22847574 A EP22847574 A EP 22847574A EP 4448659 A1 EP4448659 A1 EP 4448659A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hard
- sol
- coating
- underlayer
- gel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
- A47J36/025—Vessels with non-stick features, e.g. coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/08—Flame spraying
- B05D1/10—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/542—No clear coat specified the two layers being cured or baked together
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L81/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D181/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on polysulfones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D181/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J181/00—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on polysulfones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J181/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/20—Metallic substrate based on light metals
- B05D2202/25—Metallic substrate based on light metals based on Al
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
- B05D2518/10—Silicon-containing polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D2601/22—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D2601/24—Titanium dioxide, e.g. rutile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D2601/26—Abrasives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention applies to the field of sol-gel coatings for the cooking surface of cookware and electric cooking appliances.
- the present invention deals with the technical problem of improving the resistance to scratching and chipping of sol-gel ceramic coatings, thanks to the production of an underlayer in contact with the metal substrate based on mixtures of polymers. thermoplastic and/or thermostable materials with high thermo-mechanical properties.
- metal substrates aluminum, aluminum foundry, stainless steel, cast steel, etc.
- metal substrates aluminum, aluminum foundry, stainless steel, cast steel, etc.
- Such coatings are generally obtained by combining metal alkoxides based on silica (silanes) or alumina (aluminates), and are generally applied on metallic substrates such as aluminum, cast aluminum, steel , stainless steel...
- inorganic ceramic coatings or hybrid organic/inorganic coatings have a “brittle” character, more or less marked depending on the importance of the inorganic part.
- patent EP 2 334 444 from Groupe SEB mentions the application of a discontinuous hard base by flame or by arc spray technology, before coating the sol-gel.
- the final coating is indeed more resistant to impact and the scratch test.
- SEB patent EP 2 334445 the application of a hard discontinuous enamel base (SEB patent EP 2 334445) before the coating of the sol-gel also leads to better mechanical performance.
- scratch resistance remains limited, and this type of hard base requires expensive operations: expensive installation and pre-heating of the substrates above 200° C for hard metal/oxide bases, and double curing at a higher temperature at 500°C in the case of enamel, before coating with the sol-gel.
- the scratch resistance although improved, also remains limited.
- Undercoats of organic polymers are also known in the prior art of cookware, however only described to improve the scratch resistance of “soft” coatings based on fluorinated polymers such as PTFE. None is said about the possibility of “anchoring" a hard coating of the sol-gel type in these polymeric bases, in order to counter its brittle character. In addition, in most cases the process described requires a double curing, bringing the thermostable polymer beyond its melting point before cooling and proceeding with the application of the fluorinated layers, which remains very expensive.
- the polymers used for the undercoat are very often thermoplastics with high heat resistance and a high melting point such as polyaryletherketone polyaryletherketone and in particular oxy-1,4-phenylenephenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene carbonyl 1 ,4-phenylene or PEEK or else phenylene sulphides.
- Electrostatic spraying of PEEK in powder form is also possible, and described.
- This technique has the advantage of considerably limiting the overspray since the negatively charged metallic substrate will attract the polymer powder positively. charge.
- This approach requires very technical and specialized editing.
- the metal substrate must either be grounded throughout the manufacturing process of the article in order to prevent the powder from peeling off, or be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the polymer. It is therefore an expensive technique.
- here too nothing is said about the possibility of producing a composite with a film of the sol-gel type.
- the inventors have shown that it is possible to produce a macro-porous underlayer with a suitable formulation of hot-melt resin sprayed by thermal spraying on a metal substrate without preheating above 100° C., then directly applying the layer or layers of liquid ceramic coatings by conventional pneumatic spraying.
- the presence of reinforcing fillers (alumina, silicon carbide, etc.) is also envisaged in the underlayer and/or in the ceramic layers.
- This coating has excellent adhesion performance thanks to good cohesion between the PEEK-based first layer and the layers of the sol-gel coating.
- This invention allows the production of an overall layer (PEEK+sol-gel) or (PEEK/SiC+sol-gel) of significant thickness without causing cracking or crazing of the sol-gel network.
- PEEK+sol-gel or (PEEK/SiC+sol-gel) of significant thickness without causing cracking or crazing of the sol-gel network.
- total thicknesses greater than 60 ⁇ m are achieved, which is not possible with conventional sol-gel layers without extensive cracking.
- This invention makes it possible to obtain excellent anti-scratch performance, while maintaining a process with a single final firing, which makes it economically industrializable.
- the scratch and impact resistance is greatly increased, the use of metal utensils will not cause major damage.
- the consumer will therefore have a more durable item, with a coating that more effectively prevents direct contact of food with the substrate (gain in durability of non-stick performance, gain in harmlessness in the case of contact with aluminium, aesthetic gain, etc. ).
- the process without pre-heating or drying at high temperature, and with a single final firing at a temperature below 400°C, is inexpensive and robust.
- the coating which is more robust in the face of mechanical stress, will therefore also have increased durability in terms of non-stick, non-staining, corrosion resistance, etc.
- a first object of the invention relates to a cooking utensil (1) comprising a hollow metal cap (2) which comprises a bottom (211) and a side wall (212) rising from the bottom (211), said cap ( 2) having a concave inner face (21) adapted to receive food and a convex outer face (22), said inner face (21) or said bottom (211) being coated with a coating (5) consisting successively, from of the cap (2), into a hard underlayer (3) and a gel sol coating (4), characterized in that the hard underlayer (3) is in the form of a discontinuous layer, in that the said underlayer hard layer (3) is porous and in that said hard underlayer (3) consists of one or more non-fluorinated polymer materials chosen from among polyetherarylketones (PEAK) and mixtures thereof, optionally of inorganic hard fillers, optionally conductive fillers and optionally less than 3% by weight of additives relative to the weight of said hard underlayer.
- PEAK polyetherarylketones
- a second object of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a culinary item (1), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) a step of supplying a metal support (2), comprising two faces opposite; b) a step of shaping said support (2) to give it the shape of a cap (2), which comprises a bottom (211) and a side wall (212) rising from the bottom (211 ), and thus define a concave inner face (21) adapted to receive food and a convex outer face (22), said step b) being carried out either before step d) of producing the hard underlayer (3) , or after step e) of producing the sol-gel coating (4); c) optionally, a step of treating the inner face (21) of the support (2), to obtain a treated inner face (21) promoting the adhesion of a hard underlayer (3) on the support ( 2); d) a step of producing a hard sub-layer (3) adherent to said inner face (21) or to said bottom (211) of the support (2) by thermal spraying of
- sol-gel coating is meant within the meaning of the present invention a coating synthesized by the sol-gel route from a solution based on precursors in the liquid phase, which is transformed into a solid by a set of chemical reactions (hydrolysis and condensation), at low temperature.
- the coating thus obtained can be either organo-mineral or entirely mineral.
- organo-mineral coating is meant within the meaning of the present invention, a coating whose network is essentially inorganic, but which comprises organic groups, in particular because of the precursors used and the baking temperature of the coating.
- entirely mineral coating is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a coating consisting of an entirely inorganic material, free of any organic group.
- a coating can also be obtained by the sol-gel route with a baking temperature of at least 400° C., or from precursors of the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) type with a baking temperature which can be below 400°C.
- cooking article an object intended for cooking.
- Cookware within the meaning of the present invention include objects intended to be heated to cook or reheat food carried by the cooking element or contained in the cooking element and electrical cooking appliances.
- an object which will be heated by an external heating system, such as a cooking hearth and which is able to transmit the calorific energy provided by this external heating system to a material or food in contact with said object.
- an object may in particular be a frying pan, saucepan, sauté pan, skillet or fondue pot for fondue or raclette, stewpan, wok, sauté pan, crepe maker, pot, casserole dish, culinary mould.
- Such an object may in particular be a grill, a plancha, a cooker or bread machine tank, an electric crepe maker, an electric raclette device, an electric fondue device, an electric grill, an electric plancha, an electric cooker, a bread machine.
- equivalent pore diameter is meant the diameter of the sphere having the same volume as the pore under consideration.
- Mean equivalent pore diameter means the mean of the equivalent pore diameters.
- equivalent median pore diameter means the median of the equivalent pore diameters: 50% of the pores have an equivalent diameter less than this diameter and 50% an equivalent diameter greater.
- Figure 6 Diagram of a culinary item according to the invention
- a first object of the invention relates to a cooking utensil (1) comprising a hollow metal cap (2) which comprises a bottom (211) and a side wall (212) rising from the bottom (211), said cap ( 2) having a concave inner face (21) adapted to receive food and a convex outer face (22), said inner face (21) or said bottom (211) being coated with a coating (5) consisting successively, from of the cap (2), into a hard underlayer (3) and a gel sol coating (4), characterized in that the hard underlayer (3) is in the form of a discontinuous layer, in that the said underlayer hard layer (3) is porous and in that said hard underlayer (3) consists of one or more non-fluorinated polymer materials chosen from among polyetherarylketones (PAEK) and mixtures thereof, optionally of inorganic hard fillers, optionally conductive fillers and optionally less than 3% by weight of additives of said hard underlayer.
- PAEK polyetherarylketones
- “Discontinuous” means a layer which is not homogeneous in thickness over the entire surface on which it is deposited. Coverage may be non-existent in some places.
- the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is (are) chosen from the group consisting of: polyetherketones (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketones (PEKK), polyetheretherketoneketones (PEEK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketones (PEKEKK), so particularly preferred is (are) PEEKs.
- the average thickness of the hard underlayer (3) is greater than 5 ⁇ m, or even greater than 15 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 30 ⁇ m, and more particularly between 20 and 50 ⁇ m.
- This average is for example the average of at least 10 measurements, preferably 15 measurements, of thickness in 10, respectively 15, random places.
- the average equivalent diameter of the pores in the hard underlayer (3) is greater than 5 ⁇ m.
- the coating (5) has an overall porosity fraction greater than 8%.
- the porosity data of the hard underlayer (3) and the coating (5) in particular the overall porosity fraction, the average equivalent pore diameter and the median equivalent pore diameter are measured by X-ray micro-tomography via a synchrotron source.
- the average equivalent pore diameter is greater than 8 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 10 ⁇ m.
- the median equivalent pore diameter is greater than 6 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 7 ⁇ m, even more preferably greater than 8 ⁇ m.
- Preferably more than 30%, more preferably more than 40%, particularly preferably more than 50% of the pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an average equivalent diameter ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- more than 20%, more preferably more than 30% of the pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an average equivalent diameter >10 ⁇ m and ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
- more than 60%, more preferably more than 70%, particularly preferably more than 80% of the pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an average equivalent diameter ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
- more than 5%, more preferably more than 7%, particularly preferably more than 10% of the pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an average equivalent diameter > 20 ⁇ m and ⁇ 30 ⁇ m .
- pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an equivalent pore diameter greater than 30 ⁇ m, preferably at least 1% of the pores by number in the hard underlayer (3) have an equivalent diameter pores larger than 30 ⁇ m.
- the coating (5) has an overall porosity fraction greater than 10%. This is closed porosity.
- more than 50% of the porosity volume of the coating (5) is included in the hard underlayer (3).
- the thickness of the coating (5) is between 15 and 200 ⁇ m, more preferably between 50 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the additives are chosen from pigments, surfactants and wetting agents.
- said hard undercoat (3) comprises less than 1% by weight of additives.
- the inorganic hard fillers are particles of silicon carbides or alumina or zirconia or graphite, or carbon black, or ceramics, or one or more metal oxide(s).
- Some hard inorganic fillers such as silicon carbide, in addition to their mechanical reinforcement performance, also have the advantage of being conductive fillers and therefore provide excellent thermal conductivity.
- the non-fluorinated polymeric material(s) represent(s) more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight of the hard underlayer.
- the non-fluorinated polymeric material(s) represent(s) more than 97% by weight of the hard underlayer, the remainder possibly being completed up to 100% by additives.
- the inorganic hard fillers represent more than 20% by weight, preferably more than 30% by weight of the hard underlayer.
- the hard underlayer (3) just after thermal spraying has a surface roughness Ra of between 8 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, more preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m or between 10 and 40 ⁇ m.
- the hard underlayer (3) has a developed surface Sdr of between 10% and 100%, preferably between 30% and 80%.
- the sol-gel coating consists of one or more sol-gel layer(s) obtained from a sol-gel (SG) composition comprising at least one metal oxide, preferably a colloidal metal oxide chosen from colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina and at least one precursor of metal alkoxide type, preferably an alkoxysilane chosen from the group consisting of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), dimethyldimethoxysilane , and mixtures thereof.
- MTMS methyltrimethoxysilane
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- MTES methyltriethoxysilane
- dimethyldimethoxysilane and mixtures thereof.
- the sol-gel coating (4) comprises at least one finishing layer, preferably sol-gel.
- the cap (2) is a single-layer support of aluminum or aluminum alloy, cast aluminum, stainless steel, cast steel or copper, or a multi-layer support comprising from the outside towards inside the following layers ferritic stainless steel/aluminum/austenitic stainless steel or even stainless steel/aluminum/copper/aluminum/austenitic stainless steel, or even a cap of cast aluminum, aluminum or aluminum alloys lined with a stainless steel outer bottom.
- a second object of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a culinary item (1), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) a step of supplying a metal support (2), comprising two faces opposite; b) a step of shaping said support (2) to give it the shape of a cap (2), which comprises a bottom (211) and a side wall (212) rising from the bottom (211 ), and thus define a concave inner face (21) adapted to receive food and a convex outer face (22), said step b) being carried out either before step d) of producing the hard underlayer (3) , or after step e) of producing the sol-gel coating (4); c) optionally, a step of treating the inner face (21) of the support (2), to obtain a treated inner face (21) promoting the adhesion of a hard underlayer (3) on the support ( 2); d) a step of producing a hard sub-layer (3) adherent to said inner face (21) or to said bottom (211) of the support (2) by thermal spraying, on
- Thermal spraying as its name suggests, consists of projecting a powder or a dispersion onto the surface.
- the metal support (2) in step a) is in the form of a disk.
- the process according to the invention does not include any cooking step other than that of step f).
- the thermal spraying is flame spraying (“flame spray”) or dynamic cold gas spraying (“cold spray”).
- the projection of powder fractions associated with at least partial melting of the non-fluorinated polymer material explains the discontinuity of the hard underlayer (3).
- the material intended to be pulverized is a pulverulent material with a grain size D50 by volume of 5 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 35 ⁇ m and even more preferably 8 to 30 ⁇ m.
- step d) of producing the hard underlayer (3) is preceded by a step of preheating said support (2) or said cap (2) at low temperature, depending on whether the shaping step b) is carried out before the production d) of the hard sub-layer (3) or after completion e) of said sol-gel coating (4).
- This preheating is carried out at a maximum temperature of 100°C.
- step d) of producing the hard undercoat (3) is preceded by a step of preheating said support (2) or said cap (2) between 150 and 300° C. , depending on whether the shaping step b) is carried out before the production d) of the hard underlayer (3) or after the production e) of the said sol-gel coating (4).
- the baking step (f) is carried out in an oven at a temperature between 200°C and 400°C.
- Step c) of treatment can make it possible to roughen the inner face (21), for example by sandblasting, shot-blasting, stamping, brushing or chemical attack.
- Step e) can be carried out by conventional pneumatic spraying.
- the sol-gel coating is a sol-gel, organo-mineral or entirely mineral coating. These coatings synthesized by the sol-gel route from precursors of metal polyalkoxylate type, preferably have a hybrid network, generally of silica with grafted alkyl groups.
- a sol-gel (SG) composition comprises at least one colloidal metal oxide and at least one precursor of metal alkoxide type.
- the metal oxide is preferably a colloidal metal oxide chosen from colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina.
- a metal alkoxide chosen from the group consisting of:
- Ri, R2, R3 or R3' denoting an alkyl group
- n being an integer corresponding to the maximum valence of the metals Mi, M2 or M3, Mi M2 or M3 designating a metal chosen from Si, Zr, Ti, Sn, Al, Ce, V , Nb, Hf, Mg or Ln.
- the metal alkoxide of the SG solution is an alkoxysilane.
- alkoxysilanes which can be used in the SG solution of the process of the invention, mention may in particular be made of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), dimethyldimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- MTMS methyltrimethoxysilane
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- MTES methyltriethoxysilane
- dimethyldimethoxysilane and mixtures thereof.
- the alkoxysilanes MTES and TEOS will be used, because they have the advantage of not containing methoxy groups.
- the hydrolysis of methoxy leads to the formation of methanol in the sol-gel formulation, which, given its toxic classification, requires additional precautions during application.
- the hydrolysis of ethoxy groups only generates ethanol with a more favorable classification and therefore less restrictive usage requirements for the sol-gel coating.
- this SG coating consists of mixing an aqueous composition A comprising the colloidal metal oxide and a solution B comprising the metal alkoxide.
- the mixing is advantageously done in a ratio of 40 to 75% by weight of the aqueous composition relative to the weight of the sol-gel composition (A + B), so that the amount of colloidal metal oxide represents 5 to 50% by weight of the sol-gel composition (A+B) in the dry state.
- the aqueous composition A may also comprise a solvent, in particular a solvent comprising at least one alcohol.
- the aqueous composition A may also comprise at least one silicone oil.
- the aqueous composition A may also comprise a pigment.
- the aqueous composition A may also comprise a mineral filler.
- the aqueous composition A can also comprise fumed silica, the function of which is the regulation of the viscosity of the sol-gel composition and/or the gloss of the dry coating.
- the aqueous composition A typically comprises for a primer: i) 5 to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the aqueous composition A of at least one colloidal metal oxide, ii) 0 to 20% by weight relative to the weight of composition A of a solvent comprising at least one alcohol, Hi) optionally 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of said aqueous composition A of at least one silicone oil. iv) 5-30% pigment v) 2-30% mineral filler
- the aqueous composition A typically comprises for a topcoat: i) 5 to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the aqueous composition A of at least one colloidal metal oxide, ii) 0 to 20% by weight relative to the weight of composition A of a solvent comprising at least one alcohol, iii) optionally 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of said aqueous composition A of at least one silicone oil. iv) 0.1-1% metallic flakes
- Solution B may further comprise an acid in Bronsted or Lewis terms.
- the metal alkoxide type precursor of solution B is mixed with an organic, mineral Lewis acid which represents 0.01 to 10% by weight of the total weight of solution B.
- Solution B may also comprise a solvent, in particular a solvent comprising at least one alcohol.
- Solution B may also comprise at least one silicone oil.
- Solution B may further comprise metallic flakes.
- solution B can comprise a mixture of one of the alkoxysilanes as defined above and an aluminum alkoxide.
- Example 1 Porous PEEK undercoat, white sol-gel primer and hydrophobic finish, on aluminum
- PEEK Poly Ether Ether Ketone
- VICTREX VICOTE PEEK® 703 with a diameter of D5025 pm, a glass transition temperature of 143°C and a melting temperature of 343°C.
- acetylene varies from 10 to 16 1/min and acetylene pressure varies from 0.5 b to 1 b
- oxygen varies from 10 to 20.0 1/min and oxygen pressure varies from 3 to 5 b
- the temperature of the support during the application of the hard base equal to or higher than the ambient temperature (around 20 to 250°C)
- the process of thermal spraying by flame spray or thermal flame spraying is a process for manufacturing a culinary article, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) a step of supplying a metal support in the form of disc, comprising two opposite faces; b) a step of shaping said support to give it the shape of a cap, which comprises a bottom and a side wall rising from the bottom, and thus define a concave inner face adapted to receive food and a convex outer face; c) optionally, a step of treating the inner face of the support, to obtain a treated inner face promoting the adhesion of a hard base to the support; d) a step of producing a hard adherent base on said inner face of the support; e) a step of producing a coating on said hard base formed in step d); said method being characterized in that step d) of producing the hard base comprises thermal spraying, on said inner face, of a ceramic and/or polymer material in powder form, so as to form on said inner face of the cap
- the ceramic coating, primer as finish, is prepared from a two-component system: part A and part B respectively:
- Part A includes pigments (in the case of a primer), fillers and additives; Part B incorporates the reactive silanes and the catalyst.
- Parts A are prepared by successively introducing the colloidal silica, the isopropanol, and, where appropriate, the pigment, the alumina, or the additives into a planetary mixer to obtain a homogeneous liquid. This mixing can also be done under a shearing agitation blade.
- the B parts are prepared separately by mixing the silanes with the organic acid, as well as the wetting agent, the solvent and the flakes in the case of the finish.
- Parts A and B are then mixed using a high-speed mixer for three hours to allow hydrolysis of the silane.
- the mixture is then left at room temperature for 24 hours before application.
- the shelf life of this formulation is at least 48 hours.
- the primary mixture is then filtered with a 60 micron filter before being applied by spray on the PEEK undercoat.
- the thickness of the entire PEEK/solgel primer composite is 80 microns.
- This primer is then optionally dried at 50°C for one minute before cooling to 30°C.
- the finish mixture will be filtered with a 110 micron filter, and applied by spray on the primer layer. Its dry thickness will be 5 microns.
- the PEEK/sol-gel composite coating is cured at 250° C. for 30 minutes.
- Example 2 Porous PEEK polymeric underlayer containing silicon carbide, white sol-gel primer and hydrophobic finish, on aluminum
- PEEK Poly Ether Ether Ketone
- VICTREX VICOTE PEEK® 703 with a diameter of D5025 pm, a glass transition temperature of 143°C and a melting temperature of 343°C.
- Silicon carbide brand name SIKA ABR I F500
- diameter D50 12.8 ⁇ m
- acetylene varies from 10 to 16 1/min and acetylene pressure varies from 0.5 b to 1 b
- oxygen varies from 10 to 20.0 1/min and oxygen pressure varies from 3 to 5 b
- the temperature of the support during the application of the hard base equal to or higher than the ambient temperature (around 20 to 250°C)
- the PEEK/SiC proportion is 70/30.
- the two-layer sol-gel coating is then prepared and sprayed in the same way as for example 1.
- the average size of the equivalent diameters of the pores of the hard underlayer is 14.9 ⁇ m (measurement by X-ray microtomography within 43 ⁇ m from the metal surface).
- Example 3 Porous PEEK polymeric sublayer containing silicon carbide/cold spray process
- the cold spray process makes it possible to obtain homogeneous, solid and thick deposits on the surfaces of the substrates to be coated.
- the principle of cold spray lies in the high-speed projection of powder particles which, while remaining in collision with the substrate, will physically deform.
- a flow of pressurized gas (from 0.1 to 5 MPa) is heated (from 25°C to 1,000°C) then injected into a Laval type nozzle (convergent-divergent). In this pipe, called a nozzle, the gas is accelerated until it reaches supersonic speeds.
- the powder is injected into the gas stream upstream or downstream of the nozzle.
- the gas flow carries the powder particles at high speed to the substrate. If their kinetic energy is sufficient, the particles, as well as the substrate, will deform on impact. Under the deformation the particles will adhere to the substrate via mechanical bonds, and depending on their nature, by chemical or metallurgical bonds. The following particles will pile up on the previous layers, thus forming a more or less thick deposit.
- the projected particles remain in
- the cold spray used is a CGT kinetics 3000 model coupled with a PF4000 powder dispenser.
- the pressure range is from 1 to 3MPa and the temperature range from 300 to 500°C.
- the gas used is nitrogen.
- the projections are carried out with a nozzle of the “MOC24” type in tungsten carbide, with a diameter ⁇ 1 mm, fixed perpendicularly to the samples and maintained at 80 mm from the substrates. A lighting speed of 300 mm.s-1 with a surfacing step of 1 mm.
- a 45/ 10th thick aluminum cap is degreased then shot-blasted or sand-blasted before following a suitable surface treatment to eliminate organic contaminants.
- the roughness has an Ra of the order of 5 ⁇ m, the surface condition has been described above.
- This disc is preheated to a maximum temperature of 260°C and used to apply a mixture of PEEK and silicon carbide powders in a 70/30 mass ratio, using a Cold Spray process (dynamic cold gas spraying).
- PEEK Polyetheretherketone
- the thermal process by cold spray is used to obtain a discontinuous deposit of the above powder and in order to deposit a thickness of this layer of the order of 50 ⁇ m.
- This disk prepared as such is successively covered with a hard layer and with upper sol-gel layers as described above.
- This test includes performing an impact directly on the sol-gel coating deposited on the side coated with a wafer (inner stamping test) and an impact on the side opposite to that coated with the sol-gel coating of a other wafer (external stamping test).
- the impact resistance of the coating is estimated according to the following visual scale, which is established on the one hand after an impact directly on the coating (inner stamping test), and on the other hand on the face opposite that coated with the coating (external stamping test).
- a white surface in the form of a disc whose diameter is less than 10 mm, and in which are located fine shards going as far as metal with a moderately high density.
- the SEM is a multifunctional versatile equipment that allows to obtain images of the surface structure and the morphology of the material with a resolution of a few nm and a very large depth of field; It also gives qualitative (BSE) and quantitative (EDX) chemical information (lateral resolution around 1 m).
- EDX is a technique in which the X-rays generated by the interaction between the electron beam and the sample are analyzed to give an elemental composition of the sample.
- An EDX spectrum has peaks that correspond to radiation characteristics of a specific element.
- a quantitative chemical characterization of the sample is deduced from the EDX spectrum.
- the SEM-EDX analysis technique makes it possible to couple a topographic surface analysis with a scanning electron macroscope (SEM) to a chemical analysis thanks to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- SEM scanning electron macroscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the principle of SEM is based on the detection of secondary electrons.
- a beam of electrons (called primary electrons) comes into contact with the surface of the sample.
- the primary electrons can give up energy to electrons on the upper layers of these atoms.
- These electrons are then ejected, we speak of secondary electrons.
- the analysis of these electrons makes it possible to obtain information on the topography.
- the primary electrons collide with the atoms the latter can go into an excited state. Returning to a stable state, they emit X-rays whose wavelength is characteristic of the nature of the atom.
- the analysis of these X-rays makes it possible to obtain information on the chemical nature of the sample.
- the physico-chemical analysis by SEM-EDX analysis of the surface also shows a macroporosity of this PEEK or PEEK/SiC sub-layer.
- a layer is obtained with a very high porosity due to an accumulation of partially melted PEEK particles.
- the spray-coated sol-gel coating becomes impregnated in the macroporosity of the sub-layer, this creates after reticulation of the sol-gel network, a composite, without the need for post-treatment (hot pressing, etc.).
- sol-gel network interpenetrates with the macromolecular chains of PEEK, possibly in the presence of silicon carbide fillers, which creates a dense network, presenting excellent mechanical properties due to the anchoring of the sol-gel in the porous PEEK or PEEK/SiC matrix ( Figure 3). Porosity evaluation tests by X-ray microtomography analysis
- X-ray microtomography or X-ray microtomography
- X-ray microtomography is a powerful non-destructive testing technique that generates a magnified image of a sample in 3D. Its operation is based on the same physical principles as the medical scanner, and provides access to better spatial resolution, less than a micrometer. This technique consists of acquiring a large number of radiographic projections of a sample from multiple angles to digitally reconstruct a 3D map of the phases that make up the sample.
- X-ray radiography or X-ray radiography consists of passing a beam of X-rays through a sample, and measuring the spatial distribution of the intensity of the beam at the exit of the sample, on a detector.
- X-ray sources can be used in X-ray microtomography, including X-ray tubes and synchrotrons. These two types of sources have different characteristics, which influence the micro tomographic acquisitions.
- the source used is the synchrotron, which, unlike X-ray tubes, emits a parallel X-ray beam.
- the enlargement of the X-ray projections is carried out by the detector.
- This incorporates an optical system that can be adjusted to select the desired pixel size.
- it is not necessary to bring the sample closer to the source to improve the acquisition resolution, which makes it possible to overcome the limitations on the size of the objects, and gives access to pixel sizes smaller than the pm.
- X-rays used in radiography are energetic enough to pass through most materials; they are little absorbed by light elements and can pass through significant thicknesses of material.
- an X-ray beam passes through a sample, it is affected by various physical mechanisms which result in a decrease in its intensity until it leaves the sample. This attenuation is proportional to the thickness and to the attenuation coefficient of the phases crossed.
- each unit sensor of the detector measures an intensity which depends on the path of matter traversed by the beam.
- These local intensity measurements are then digitized and converted to form a grayscale image, called a radiograph or radiographic projection.
- Radiographic systems also make it possible to generate an enlargement of the projected image, by the geometry of the beam emitted by the X-ray source or via the detection system.
- Low density regions correspond to low gray levels (close to black) while high density regions correspond to high gray levels (close to white). These contrasts of gray levels thus make it possible to distinguish the phases of different densities.
- the distribution of gray levels in microtomography data can be visualized on a histogram.
- the gray level histogram provides information on the volume fractions of the different phases of the sample, among other things.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113650A FR3130655B1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Revêtement composite PEEK- Sol-gel de haute performance |
| PCT/FR2022/052411 WO2023111491A1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Revêtement composite peek- sol-gel de haute performance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4448659A1 true EP4448659A1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22847574.5A Pending EP4448659A1 (fr) | 2021-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Revêtement composite peek- sol-gel de haute performance |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250049258A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4448659A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118401612A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3130655B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023111491A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3155693B1 (fr) * | 2023-11-29 | 2025-10-24 | Seb Sa | Élément de cuisson avec sous-couche poreuse métallique |
| FR3155692B1 (fr) * | 2023-11-29 | 2025-10-17 | Seb Sa | Élément de cuisson avec sous-couche poreuse céramique |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2791066A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-22 | Seb Sa | Revetement anti-adhesif presentant une resistance amelioree a la rayure |
| FR2791065A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-22 | Seb Sa | Revetement anti-adhesif presentant une resistance amelioree a la rayure |
| FR2871038B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-02 | 2006-09-08 | Seb Sa | Revetement anti-adhesif presentant une resistance amelioree a la rayure et article culinaire ainsi revetu |
| FR2874492B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-12-22 | Seb Sa | Article culinaire comprenant un revetement anti-adhesif |
| FR2923696B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-16 | 2012-08-17 | Seb Sa | Article culinaire comprenant un revetement antiadhesif resistant a la corrosion et a la rayure |
| FR2937236B1 (fr) | 2008-10-16 | 2010-11-26 | Seb Sa | Article culinaire comportant un revetement antiadhesif presentant des proprietes ameliorees d'adherence au support |
| FR2937235B1 (fr) | 2008-10-16 | 2010-11-12 | Seb Sa | Articule culinaire comportant un revetement antiadhesif presentant des proprietes ameliorees d'adherence au support |
| FR2945428B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-15 | 2011-06-10 | Seb Sa | Article culinaire comportant une base dure en un materiau ceramique et/ou metallique et/ou polymere et un revetement antiadhesif a base de resine fluorocarbonee. |
| EP3146008A4 (fr) | 2014-05-20 | 2018-01-24 | Whitford Corporation | Compositions sol-gel à dureté et résistance aux chocs améliorées |
-
2021
- 2021-12-16 FR FR2113650A patent/FR3130655B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-12-16 WO PCT/FR2022/052411 patent/WO2023111491A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-16 CN CN202280083061.1A patent/CN118401612A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-16 EP EP22847574.5A patent/EP4448659A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-16 US US18/720,413 patent/US20250049258A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3130655A1 (fr) | 2023-06-23 |
| US20250049258A1 (en) | 2025-02-13 |
| CN118401612A (zh) | 2024-07-26 |
| WO2023111491A1 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| FR3130655B1 (fr) | 2024-04-12 |
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