EP4448144A1 - Verfahren zum vermindern eines gehalts von formaldehyd in einem wässrigen medium - Google Patents
Verfahren zum vermindern eines gehalts von formaldehyd in einem wässrigen mediumInfo
- Publication number
- EP4448144A1 EP4448144A1 EP22839122.3A EP22839122A EP4448144A1 EP 4448144 A1 EP4448144 A1 EP 4448144A1 EP 22839122 A EP22839122 A EP 22839122A EP 4448144 A1 EP4448144 A1 EP 4448144A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous medium
- formaldehyde
- reaction
- temperature
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reducing a formaldehyde content in an aqueous medium and wet filter systems which are designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
- formaldehyde is released and is present in the gas atmosphere in non-negligible concentrations. Due to the toxicity of formaldehyde, it has to be removed from the gas atmosphere, for which typically so-called wet filter systems, in particular so-called wet electrostatic precipitators (Wet Electrostatic Precipitator, also abbreviated WESP) are used, which absorb the formaldehyde from the gas phase in an aqueous medium.
- wet filter systems in particular so-called wet electrostatic precipitators (Wet Electrostatic Precipitator, also abbreviated WESP) are used, which absorb the formaldehyde from the gas phase in an aqueous medium.
- WESP wet electrostatic Precipitator
- US Pat. No. 4,104,162 A1 proposes reacting waste water containing formaldehyde from industrial manufacturing processes with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a base. According to the exemplary embodiments of US Pat. No. 4,104,162 A1, alkali is always added to the dissolved formaldehyde in a slightly more than stoichiometric amount. In addition, this document requires the Use of hydrogen peroxide to quickly and quantitatively remove formaldehyde at an initial temperature of 10°C to 35°C.
- this object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 .
- the formaldehyde content of an aqueous medium circulated, in particular within a circuit of a gas scrubbing plant is reduced by chemically binding formaldehyde in the aqueous medium during a predetermined reaction time in a reaction zone as part of a formose reaction.
- This can be done in batches or continuously in such a way that the release of formaldehyde from the aqueous medium at a temperature of 95 °C into a gas phase at an ambient pressure of 1 bar during a test interval of 10 minutes is limited in such a way that a concentration of formaldehyde in the gas phase of 1 ppm or less is achieved at the end of the test interval.
- the aqueous medium is kept at a reaction temperature of approx. 50°C to approx. 100°C for the specified reaction time for chemically binding the formaldehyde as part of a formose reaction in the reaction zone and the pH of the aqueous medium is kept alkaline pH value adjusted in the range from approx. 11 to approx. 14. If necessary, the aqueous medium is first heated from a first temperature to the reaction temperature for chemically binding the formaldehyde in the course of the formose reaction.
- the reaction temperature is preferably set in one or more reaction zones which are operated thermally separately from the circulating aqueous medium, without heating the latter.
- the catalysts dissolved or suspended in the aqueous medium and any co-catalysts can be metered into the reaction zone(s) as required.
- work is carried out with comparatively low formaldehyde concentrations in the aqueous medium and preferably with comparatively high catalyst concentrations. This enables the formaldehyde to be chemically bonded according to the invention even at lower reaction temperatures.
- the formaldehyde content released into the gas phase during the test interval can be determined using photometric methods (VDI 3862 Sheet 6:2004-02 Measurement of gaseous emissions; Measurement of formaldehyde using the acetylacetone method (Gaseous Emission Measurement; Measurement of Formaldehyde by the Acetylacetone Method, Beuth Verlag, Berlin; Gas chromatography (ASTM D5197-16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)).
- reaction product or products have within the scope of the chemical binding of formaldehyde according to the invention beyond the formation of methanediol, compared to formaldehyde, a significantly lower volatility in the aqueous medium, and thus the aqueous medium can initially without further processing / treatment for the inclusion of new proportions of formaldehyde in the cycle can be used.
- the reaction products are also active as co-catalysts and in turn accelerate the conversion of formaldehyde and methanediol and cannot react back to these. The significant amounts of fresh water supply that are otherwise necessary in the prior art can thus be significantly reduced according to the invention.
- the formaldehyde content includes not only the formaldehyde itself, which is still present in small amounts, but also in particular its hydrated form, namely methanediol, and reaction products of those desired according to the invention chemical bond of formaldehyde.
- reaction product or products of the process according to the invention can be concentrated in the circuit up to a predetermined value and can be circulated without problems.
- reaction products in the process according to the invention are predominantly in the form of low-molecular carbohydrates, regeneration in an environmentally friendly process (e.g. fermentation and other biological degradation processes, as described in detail in the literature, e.g. in the BAT code of practice on waste water and waste gas treatment/management in the chemical industry; February 2003; Federal Environment Agency (German Federal Environmental Agency)) or chemical-physical processes such as adsorption on activated carbon. After regeneration, the aqueous medium can be returned to the circuit as a treated aqueous medium.
- a specified value in particular approx. 150 mg/l of the aqueous medium
- the reaction rate is on the one hand sufficient to convert a noticeable proportion of the formaldehyde content into one or more reaction products, in particular also carbohydrates, within a short time
- the reaction for chemically binding the formaldehyde can be controlled in such a way that high-molecular reaction products which are contained in could lead to disturbances in the cycle, occur only to a small extent or be avoided at all.
- the formation of high molecular weight, in particular also multifunctional, carboxylic acids can be avoided to a large extent in this way, which would otherwise result in the use of increased amounts of bases and catalyst.
- the pH of the aqueous medium is adjusted to a pH in the range from about 11 to about 13 in the method of the present invention.
- This limitation of the reaction conditions also contributes to a controlled course of the reaction for the chemical binding of formaldehyde.
- the alkaline pH can be adjusted in the method according to the invention by adding an alkaline compound to the aqueous medium, in particular selected from sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, in particular in the form of milk of lime, or mixtures thereof.
- an alkaline compound in particular selected from sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, in particular in the form of milk of lime, or mixtures thereof.
- milk of lime and / or derivatives thereof represents a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, since the particles separated by the wet filter system agglomerate particularly well through the action of the milk of lime and better settling (sedimentation) and thus easier cleaning or regeneration of the liquid Medium (hereinafter also referred to as process water) is made possible.
- the chemical binding of the formaldehyde is preferably carried out as a polycondensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst preferably comprising a formose reaction catalyst which is selected in particular from calcium ion-based catalysts, in particular Ca(OH) 2 and the more soluble compounds CaCh and calcium -Format miate, where the predetermined pH can optionally be set by metering in NaOH.
- a catalyst preferably comprising a formose reaction catalyst which is selected in particular from calcium ion-based catalysts, in particular Ca(OH) 2 and the more soluble compounds CaCh and calcium -Format miate, where the predetermined pH can optionally be set by metering in NaOH.
- the catalyst is preferably present in the aqueous medium at a concentration equal to or greater than the concentration of chemically uncombined formaldehyde.
- chemically unbound formaldehyde is understood to mean the formaldehyde itself and the methanediol present in equilibrium therewith in aqueous solution and its salts.
- Chemically bound formaldehyde within the meaning of the present invention is present in the form of reaction products of the formose reaction and any subsequent reactions.
- the aqueous medium in the method according to the invention comprises a co-catalyst, in particular in the form of an ene-diol-capable sugar, in particular in the form of fructose, corn syrup and/or glycolaldehyde.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out effectively in the presence of such co-catalysts even at comparatively low reaction temperatures of about 50.degree.
- the specified reaction time (corresponding to the mean residence time in the reaction zone or in a reactor vessel forming the reaction zone in continuous operation) is preferably limited to about 10 minutes or less, in particular about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes. This not only prevents the formation of too large amounts of high molecular weight reaction products or undesired side reactions, as already explained above, but also the volume to be provided for the chemical binding of the formaldehyde in a reaction zone can be limited to an economical size.
- the aqueous medium is heated after the specified reaction time when using higher reaction temperatures, in particular from approx. 70 °C to approx. 95 °C , is cooled from the reaction temperature by about 25° C. or more, in particular by about 30° C. or more, to a second temperature.
- cooling to a level of a first temperature that prevails in the circuit can also be sufficient, which can be approximately 65° C., for example.
- the second temperature corresponds to the first temperature.
- the aqueous medium is preferably cooled from the reaction temperature to the second temperature within about 2 minutes or less.
- the proportion of unwanted side reactions to be expected can thus be significantly reduced, in particular also the formation of high molecular weight, in particular multifunctional, carboxylic acids.
- a predetermined volume of the aqueous medium with a high content of chemically bound formaldehyde is preferably discharged from the circulation at regular intervals, optionally essentially continuously, and in particular by fresh, i.e. im Substantially formaldehyde and reaction product-free aqueous medium replaced.
- a regenerated aqueous medium can also be used here, which was previously discharged from the circuit.
- the predetermined volume is discharged in particular if the content of chemically bound formaldehyde in the aqueous medium is approximately 150 mg/l or more.
- the content of chemically bound formaldehyde in the aqueous medium can be determined, for example, by means of photometric methods (VDI 3862 sheet 6:2004-02 measuring gaseous emissions; measuring formaldehyde using the acetylacetone method (gaseous emission measurement; measurement of formaldehyde by the acetylacetone method) , Beuth Verlag, Berlin; determine by gas chromatography (ASTM D5197-16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)) or by counter-titration of the sodium ion released during sulfite addition.
- a gas scrubbing system in particular a wet filter system, preferably a wet electrostatic precipitator system, comprising a scrubbing device for taking up formaldehyde from a gas phase into an aqueous medium to form an aqueous, formaldehyde-containing medium, the gas scrubbing system having a circuit for the aqueous Medium comprises, and wherein the gas scrubber at least one reaction zone has, in which the method according to the invention, as described above, can be carried out.
- the gas scrubbers according to the invention can be equipped with a single reaction zone or else with two or more reaction zones.
- reaction zone or the reaction zones are provided in the form of a separate reactor vessel or separate reactor vessels.
- components of the circulatory system of the gas scrubber can also be used as reaction zones, in particular line sections of the circulatory system—possibly adapted in terms of their volume—or also a recirculation tank typically used in the circulatory system.
- the aqueous medium can be discharged from the circuit continuously or in a timed manner, optionally depending on the given uptake of formaldehyde in the aqueous medium per unit of time, and transferred to the reaction zone(s) or the reactor vessel(s).
- the circuit preferably has a heating device in order to heat the aqueous medium to the specified reaction temperature before it enters and/or when it enters the reaction zone, for example the reactor vessel and/or in the reaction zone/in the reactor vessel itself.
- the inventive gas scrubber has a cooling device to cool the aqueous medium from the reaction temperature to a second temperature below the reaction temperature, for example the first temperature, after exiting the reaction zone, for example the reactor vessel.
- the gas scrubber according to the invention comprises a heat exchanger in which the aqueous medium before being introduced into a reaction zone or a reactor vessel and the aqueous medium after removal from a Reaction zone or a reactor vessel are passed in opposite directions with heat exchange.
- Gas scrubbers of the present invention preferably have a metering device with which an agent for raising the pH of the aqueous medium, optionally a catalyst for the polycondensation reaction of formaldehyde and optionally an additional co-catalyst can be added.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of the basic components of a gas cleaning system in the form of a wet filter system
- FIG. 2 shows a recirculation system for the wet filter system of FIG. 1, which serves to carry out the method according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows a variant of part of the recirculation plant of Figure 2.
- Figure 4 shows another variant of a recirculation system for the wet filter system of Figure 1.
- FIG. 1 shows, in a schematically simplified representation, a gas washing system in the form of a wet filter system 10, which can also be designed in particular as a so-called wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) (not shown).
- the wet filter system 10 includes a filter device 12 with a filter housing 14 in which a filter unit 13 (shown only schematically) is positioned.
- the gas washing system 10 serves in particular to clean exhaust gases from industrial production processes (raw gas), which often have temperatures of more than 100° C., for example 135° C.
- the filter device 12 upstream has a raw gas chamber 18 which includes a supply opening 20 for raw gas to be treated.
- the filter device 12 (downstream) has a clean gas chamber 22 which is provided with an outflow channel 24 for the gas cleaned in the filter device 12, also referred to below as clean gas.
- the raw gas to be cleaned in the wet filter system 10 is introduced into the filter device 12 or its raw gas chamber 18 through a raw gas channel 25 , a washing device 26 and the feed opening 20 .
- the washing device 26 preferably comprises a spray washing unit 28 - as illustrated - or several, for example four (outlined as 28'), spray washing units 28 arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the raw gas, which are used on the one hand to cool the raw gas and on the other hand to wash out the Raw gas containing formaldehyde with an aqueous medium are used.
- spray washing units 28 arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the raw gas, which are used on the one hand to cool the raw gas and on the other hand to wash out the Raw gas containing formaldehyde with an aqueous medium are used.
- spray washing units 28 arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the raw gas which are used on the one hand to cool the raw gas and on the other hand to wash out the Raw gas containing formaldehyde with an aqueous medium are used.
- approx. 90% or more, in particular approx. 95% or more, of the formaldehyde content originally contained in the raw gas can often be washed out
- the raw gas pretreated in this way enters the raw gas chamber 18 through the supply opening 20 .
- the aqueous medium enriched with the formaldehyde that has been washed out also enters the raw gas chamber 18 via the feed opening 20 and collects there in a bottom area of the chamber 18.
- the washing device 26 is preferably oriented at a slight incline to the horizontal, as shown in Figure 1, so that the Aqueous medium enriched with formaldehyde can simply flow out of the washing device 26 into the raw gas chamber 18 .
- the raw gas can be further treated with an aqueous medium via an optionally provided spray device 30 in the raw gas chamber 18 .
- the Spraying device 30 can in particular also be used to clean the raw gas chamber 18 itself from particulate components of the raw gas that have entered and settled there.
- the raw gas After entering the raw gas chamber 18, the raw gas is diverted by means of a deflection 16 towards the bottom of the raw gas chamber 18 and then flows essentially laminarly through the filter device 12 upwards to the clean gas chamber 22.
- the pretreated raw gas flows through the filter unit 13, with the particulate matter being separated, and then enters the clean gas chamber 22.
- the clean gas chamber 22 can be equipped in a manner known per se with electrodes for generating an electrostatic field (not shown).
- a spray device 32 can also be provided in the clean gas chamber 22, with which a further wet treatment of the clean gas and/or backwashing of the filter unit for cleaning particles separated from the raw gas can be carried out.
- the raw gas chamber 18 is equipped in its lower area with an outlet 34 for the formaldehyde-enriched aqueous medium, to which a line 36 is connected.
- the raw gas chamber 18 also has an outlet 38 on the bottom side, which is used to remove aqueous medium enriched with particulate ingredients via a discharge line 44 .
- the aqueous medium discharged via line 36 is circulated in a recirculation system 60, 60' or 60" shown schematically in Figures 2 to 4 and returned via a feed line 40 to the spray washing device 26 and optionally supplied via a supply line 42 to the spray device(s) 30, 32.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a recirculation system 60 for the wet filter system 10 with a recirculation tank 62, in which the aqueous medium enriched with formaldehyde is fed in via the line 36 and temporarily stored.
- the temperature of the aqueous medium in the recirculation tank 62 is about 65°C.
- the aqueous medium from the discharge line 44 can also be fed to the recirculation tank 62 - after the particulate ingredients have been separated off, for example via a filter (not shown).
- aqueous medium of the circuit has a predetermined content of formaldehyde and methanediol (chemically unbound formaldehyde) and chemically bound formaldehyde, optionally as formose reaction products (e.g. 100 mg/l or more)
- a certain proportion of the im Circulated aqueous medium is no longer fed directly to the various components (spray washing device 26, spray washing devices 30, 32) of the wet filter system 10, but is branched off from the circuit via a line 80 and fed to a first reaction zone (here the first reactor vessel 82a) via a line 80a.
- the aqueous medium is heated, if necessary, with a heating device 84a to a predetermined reaction temperature of about 70° C. or more, preferably in the range from about 85° C. to about 95° C., in particular approx. 90 °C to approx. 95 °C, heated.
- Lye, catalyst and optionally co-catalyst from a storage tank 88 containing lye, a catalyst tank 92 or a tank 94 containing co-catalyst are metered into the aqueous medium in the first reactor vessel 82a.
- the treated aqueous medium is removed from the first reactor vessel 82a and discharged via line 96a and returned to the circuit (line 40) via line 96.
- the processed aqueous medium is preferably cooled to a second temperature, for example the first temperature of approx. 65° C., via a heat exchanger 98 integrated in line 96, so that any polycondensation reactions still taking place in the medium are slowed down, preferably essentially suppressed.
- the recirculation system 60 preferably includes a second reactor vessel 82b. This is filled with an aqueous medium to be treated at a different time from the first reactor vessel 82a, which medium is fed via the line 80 and the line 80b, preferably into the upper region of the second reactor vessel 82b.
- heat exchanger 98 is also integrated in line 80 in such a way that the media conducted through lines 96 and 80, i.e. the treated aqueous medium and the medium to be treated, are conducted in countercurrent with heat exchange.
- the volume of the reactor containers 82a and 82b is selected in such a way that in the aqueous medium to be treated, sufficient chemical binding of a proportion of formaldehyde can be achieved with the specified reaction time of, for example, approx. 10 minutes or less, which is preferably at least approximately taking place formaldehyde entry into the aqueous medium from the raw gas in the wet filter system 10 corresponds.
- the aqueous medium prepared in the reactor vessels 82a, 82b is conveyed via a line connected in the lower region of the reactor vessels 82a, 82b 96a or 96b, as already described, removed and returned to the circulation of the aqueous medium and used in the wet filter system 10, in particular the spray washing device 26.
- a proportion of this aqueous medium is removed, for example via line 100 branching off line 96, and optionally subjected to a regeneration process, as described in the literature (see in particular in the BAT code of practice on waste water and waste gas treatment/management in the chemical industry; February 2003; German Federal Environmental Agency).
- a single reaction zone here a single reactor vessel 110, as shown in Figure 3, in which case the reactor vessel 110 - in contrast to the previously described embodiment of Figure 2 - the aqueous medium to be treated is supplied from the line 80 in a lower area and the treated medium is removed in an upper area of the reactor vessel 110 via the line 90 .
- This arrangement optionally allows continuous process management in the reactor vessel 110.
- the reactor vessel 110 optionally includes a heater 112 . Furthermore, the reactor vessel 110 is supplied with caustic from the storage tank 88, catalyst from the catalyst tank 92 and optionally co-catalyst from the tank 94 containing co-catalyst as required.
- the flow rate of the aqueous medium in the single reactor vessel 110 is controlled in continuous operation in such a way that the aqueous medium in the reactor vessel 110 has a residence time which corresponds to the specified reaction time.
- the inflow and outflow of aqueous medium are in turn conducted in opposite directions through a heat exchanger 114, so that an energetically optimized mode of operation is also achieved in this variant.
- the cooled aqueous medium is fed from the heat exchanger 114 into the line 96 and is thus returned to the circuit of the gas scrubber 10 via the feed lines 40, 42 to the spray scrubbers 26, 30, 32.
- the reaction zone is provided by the recirculation tank 62.
- the recirculation tank 62 is supplied with lye from the storage tank 88, catalyst from the catalyst tank 92 and optionally, co-catalyst fed from co-catalyst-containing tank 94.
- the reprocessed aqueous medium can then be fed directly via line 96' to the circuit of the gas scrubber 10 via the feed line 40, optionally also via the feed line 42, so that the reprocessed aqueous medium is discharged from the spray washing device 26 and optionally the spray washing devices 30, 32 can be.
- This embodiment is of particular interest when the aqueous medium as a whole can be kept at a comparatively high temperature of, for example, approx. 85 °G[ECDI], so that the heating and cooling of the aqueous medium before and after regeneration is generally omitted can.
- Such a system is available, for example, as a wet electrostatic precipitator from Dürr Systems AG.
- the input concentration of formaldehyde in the raw gas is subject to process-related fluctuations and is assumed to be 25 to 50 mg/Nm 3 on average in the following examples.
- a recirculation tank 62 buffer tank
- the process water is circulated by means of pumps, as has already been described in connection with FIGS.
- the amount of process water circulated per hour is approximately 10 times the volume of the recirculation tank 62 (buffer tank).
- the separating device for solids corresponds to the prior art and can, for example, be a rotary screen with a corresponding mesh size from Huber SE in combination with centrifuges from Flottweg or Hiller.
- the process air (raw gas) laden with dust and pollutants is cooled by an upstream spray washing device 26 (also called a spray quench) from, for example, 135 °C to less than 100 °C, typically around 60 °C to 75 °C C cooled down and thereby saturated the raw gas with water.
- the formaldehyde contained in the process air is almost completely absorbed in the water.
- the volume of water that evaporates in this step is about 3 m 3 /h and is continuously replaced.
- Another proportion of water (approx. 1 m 3 ) is discharged from the circuit and replaced with fresh water in order to be able to discharge the formaldehyde reaction products chemically bound in the aqueous medium and any pollutants.
- This portion is preferably discharged from line 96 via the branching line 100 since, according to the invention, the formaldehyde concentration in the system is lowest here and the heat has already been recovered.
- formaldehyde in the form of methanediol accumulates after just a few hours to a concentration of 150 mg/l or more.
- Process water that has been enriched in this way loses significantly its cleaning effect with respect to formaldehyde, and the concentrations in the gas phase (clean gas) increase almost to the values of the input load upstream of the spray washing device 26 (raw gas).
- a partial flow of the aqueous medium is reacted according to the invention in a reaction zone, here in an additional reactor vessel 82a or 82b, each with a capacity of approx. 5 m 3 , and formaldehyde is chemically bound, in the present case Example converted into non-toxic non-volatile sugar compounds.
- the process water from the recirculation tank 62 is heated from typically 60.degree. C. to 75.degree. C. to a temperature of approx. 90.degree.
- one mole of calcium hydroxide as a catalyst and 0.33 mole of fructose as a co-catalyst are then added per mole of dissolved formaldehyde/methanediol.
- the pH is adjusted to about 12 by adding sodium hydroxide solution.
- Catalyst and co-catalyst can ideally be premixed with heating, as fructose significantly increases the solubility of calcium hydroxide and deposits can thus be avoided.
- the reaction in the reaction container 82a or 82b is terminated after about 5 to 10 minutes in order to prevent the sugars formed from reacting further in the alkaline medium with residues of formaldehyde or with one another as a result of crossed aldol reactions to form sugar acids.
- the aqueous medium is discharged from the reactor containers 82a or 82b via the lines 96a or 96b and the treated aqueous medium is cooled as quickly as possible via the heat exchanger 98 to a temperature of 70° C. or less.
- Heat recovery via the heat exchanger 98 with simultaneous preheating of the next reaction batch is a preferred technical embodiment.
- the fresh water required to cool the processed aqueous medium can also be used.
- the pH is monitored during the 5 to 10 minute reaction time to control and calculate the amounts of catalyst and co-catalyst required. As stated above, with the end of the reaction and the accompanying lack of condensable formaldehyde, the pH falls dramatically due to the formation of carboxylic acids.
- This so-called tipping point serves as a signal for the end of the specified reaction time and the cooling that is then to be carried out.
- VDI 3862 Blatt 6:2004-02 Measurement of gaseous emissions Measurement of formaldehyde using the acetylacetone method (Gaseous Emission Measurement; Measurement of Formaldehyde by the Acetylacetone Method), Beuth Verlag, Berlin; Gas chromatography (ASTM D5197-16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)) or by counter-titration of the released sodium ion during the sulfite addition, the required amount permanently adapted and replenished to the catalyst and co-catalyst.
- Calcium ion solubility is enhanced by chelating effects of the formed and/or added sugar and formose reaction products. It is therefore rather irrelevant for the overall process whether all of the formaldehyde in a batch, ie during a reaction time, is completely converted, since if the reaction is carried out repeatedly at least once per hour, the content mentioned in this example drops from 150 mg/l to significantly below 1 mg/l falls permanently. This achieves an exit concentration of formaldehyde in the clean gas of 1 mg per Nm 3 or less.
- a cooler aqueous medium e.g. process water at approx. 65°C to approx. 70°C
- a reaction temperature in the range from approx. 70°C to approx. 95°C are sufficient.
- reaction products of formaldehyde obtained in the process according to the invention can also be degraded in an environmentally friendly manner, as described below, so that the aqueous medium treated in this way can optionally also be returned to the circuit.
- a preferred method, in particular to break down the sugars formed in the method according to the invention is in the BAT code of practice on waste water and waste gas treatment/management in the chemical industry; February 2003; German Federal Environmental Agency.
- the technical parameters correspond to those of example 1.
- the variant 60' shown in FIG. 3 with only one reactor vessel 110 is used as the recirculation system. Only milk of lime is used as a catalyst and to adjust the pH. This can be added directly to the recirculation tank 62 until the process water therein has a pH of 11 or more.
- Process water that is made alkaline in this way causes effective chemisorption through deprotonation of the dissolved methanediol and the formation of the resulting salt Ca(OCH2OH)2 and thus significantly improved separation of formaldehyde from the gas phase of the raw gas.
- sucrose is then added to the entire process water as a co-catalyst until a concentration of approx. 0.01 mol/l is reached.
- the process water is continuously pumped through the reactor vessel 110 to start an irreversible polycondensation of the formose reaction.
- the pH value is constantly monitored and set and maintained at a value of 12 or more by adding milk of lime.
- the pump capacity, the reactor vessel size and the heat recovery are dimensioned so that the entire process water volume of the Gas washing plant passes through this reactor vessel 110 at least once per hour.
- the temperature in the recirculation tank 62 is controlled by means of heat recovery and optional cooling and is kept, for example, in a value range from approx. 25° C. to approx. 35° C.
- the polycondensation reaction is accelerated by metering in ene-diol-capable compounds, such as fructose and glucose, into the reaction vessel 110.
- the dosing into the reactor vessel 110 takes place here in an amount of 0.1 mole of the ene-diol-capable compounds per 1 mole of chemically unbound formaldehyde. With such a dosage, the reaction temperature can be reduced to about 50.degree. This reaction regime can be selected in an advantageous manner in particular when larger amounts of process water with a less high pH are to be discharged.
- the milk of lime used supports the flocculation and subsequent separation of particulate components in the process water.
- the addition of NaOH to adjust the pH can be omitted here.
- Sodium ions would also be a hindrance here because of their large solvate shell and simple negative charge and would interfere with flocculation.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021133251.6A DE102021133251A1 (de) | 2021-12-15 | 2021-12-15 | Verfahren zum Vermindern eines Gehalts von Formaldehyd in einem wässrigen Medium |
| PCT/DE2022/100904 WO2023110013A1 (de) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-12-02 | Verfahren zum vermindern eines gehalts von formaldehyd in einem wässrigen medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4448144A1 true EP4448144A1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
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ID=84887643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22839122.3A Pending EP4448144A1 (de) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-12-02 | Verfahren zum vermindern eines gehalts von formaldehyd in einem wässrigen medium |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250051185A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4448144A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102021133251A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023110013A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4104162A (en) | 1974-04-22 | 1978-08-01 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Koessler | Process for detoxification of formaldehyde containing waste waters |
| CA1088525A (en) * | 1977-03-30 | 1980-10-28 | Kuno Wagner | Process for the preparation of low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds |
| DE2721186C2 (de) | 1977-05-11 | 1986-04-24 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gemisches von niedermolekularen Polyhydroxylverbindungen |
| HUP9801378A3 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 2002-08-28 | Monsanto Co | Treatment of a formaldehyde-containing waste stream |
| CN104909523B (zh) | 2015-07-01 | 2017-05-10 | 百川化工(如皋)有限公司 | 一种含高浓度甲醛污水的处理系统及其处理方法 |
| CN105481183A (zh) | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-13 | 北京蓝图工程设计有限公司 | 一种甲醛污水处理工艺 |
| CN111718035A (zh) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-29 | 湖北凌晟药业有限公司 | 一种去除头孢类废水中的醛类物质的方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-15 DE DE102021133251.6A patent/DE102021133251A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-12-02 WO PCT/DE2022/100904 patent/WO2023110013A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-02 EP EP22839122.3A patent/EP4448144A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-02 DE DE112022005947.8T patent/DE112022005947A5/de active Pending
- 2022-12-02 US US18/719,641 patent/US20250051185A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250051185A1 (en) | 2025-02-13 |
| WO2023110013A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
| DE112022005947A5 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
| DE102021133251A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
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