EP4445117A1 - Enceinte de photo-vieillissement à multi-irradiance - Google Patents
Enceinte de photo-vieillissement à multi-irradianceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4445117A1 EP4445117A1 EP22821967.1A EP22821967A EP4445117A1 EP 4445117 A1 EP4445117 A1 EP 4445117A1 EP 22821967 A EP22821967 A EP 22821967A EP 4445117 A1 EP4445117 A1 EP 4445117A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- study
- support
- lamps
- enclosure according
- enclosure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 206010051246 Photodermatosis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000008845 photoaging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/002—Test chambers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the study of the photoaging of materials, and in particular that of enclosures intended for such a study.
- the photo-aging of a material is the degradation of its properties under the effect of long-term irradiation by light radiation, particularly in the ultraviolet (UV) range.
- the properties that deteriorate are, for example, mechanical (loss or increase in the modulus of elasticity, damage, cracking), optical (change of color, opacification) or electrical (conductivity).
- EP 2 682 737 Al an aging enclosure comprising a set of light-emitting diodes (LED) emitting in the UV which irradiate in a homogeneous manner samples housed in the enclosure.
- LED light-emitting diodes
- the emissions of each of the LEDs are coupled in such a way that the spectral range of emission is widened.
- EP 1 528 388 B1 Such enclosures are particularly well suited for comparing the aging of samples made of different materials or for testing several identical samples subjected to identical illumination conditions. .
- photovoltaic modules are used in particular to study the behavior of materials forming photovoltaic modules.
- the irradiance levels to which such photovoltaic modules are subjected can vary significantly depending on the location and location and orientation of the photovoltaic module with respect to the sun.
- the invention aims to satisfy this need and proposes an enclosure for studying the photo-aging of samples, the enclosure comprising:
- - a support having at least two study zones spaced apart from each other and each comprising at least one sample holder to receive at least one sample to be studied
- a light source configured to illuminate the study areas and comprising at least a light-emitting diode lamp
- the enclosure being configured so that, in each study area, the irradiance of the radiation emitted by the light source is homogeneous and so that the study areas have between them different irradiances of said radiation.
- the invention thus makes it possible to study, within the same enclosure, the aging of samples, for example made of the same material, under different irradiance conditions.
- the inventors have gone against the design rules of prior art enclosures for which a uniformity of the irradiance over the whole of the illuminated zone is sought, which is simpler to implement than the determination zones of homogeneous and separated irradiance as according to the invention.
- the invention takes advantage of the well-known inhomogeneity in space of the radiation emitted by the at least one light-emitting diode lamp, whereas the prior art sought to avoid it. free.
- a "light-emitting diode lamp” or “LED lamp” comprises one or more light-emitting diodes.
- An LED lamp advantageously makes it possible to spatially delimit the study areas and to maintain them temporally, which is impossible in practice with a xenon lamp or a mercury lamp.
- the "irradiance" of a luminous radiation is the power of the radiation per unit area perpendicular to the axis of emission of the radiation.
- a study area presenting a homogeneous irradiance is such that, among a set of at least two measurement points regularly distributed over the study area, the ratio between the highest difference in absolute value between the measured irradiance at one of the measurement points and the arithmetic mean of the irradiance measured at all of the measurement points, divided by said arithmetic mean is less than 10%.
- samples placed in the study areas can thus be tested in accordance with the ISO 4892-1 standard of July 2016.
- the area covered by each study area includes a rectangle at least 1.5 cm long and at least 0.75 cm wide.
- the enclosure is suitable for the implementation of tests in accordance with the ISO 4892-1 standard.
- the surface area of each of the study zones is greater than or equal to 1 cm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 cm 2 . It can be lower or equal to 150,000 cm 2 , or even less than or equal to 6 cm 2 . Such an area makes it possible to study the aging of a sample of sufficient size, the evolution under irradiation of certain properties of the material constituting the sample being able to be characterized only on samples of a minimum size.
- the study areas preferably have a width of between 7.5 mm and 80 mm.
- the study areas are separated from each other by a distance which preferably is no more than 32.5 mm.
- the study areas can each have a varied general shape, for example, polygonal, elliptical or circular.
- the study areas can be delimited on the support.
- the support may comprise a marking, for example a line, in particular a print, which delimits the perimeter of the study area.
- the support may include recesses, the outline of each recess delimiting the perimeters of a corresponding study area.
- the contour of the sample holder can delimit the extent of the study area.
- At least one, in particular each, of the sample holders can be shaped so that the sample is fixed to the sample holder, for example by snap-fastening.
- the lamps can be arranged, in particular regularly, around a central axis and can illuminate the support each according to an emission axis parallel to the central axis.
- the study areas are arranged such that under the effect of illumination by the lamps, the study area receiving high irradiance is disposed closer to the central axis than the study area receiving lower irradiance.
- the face of the support intended to be illuminated by the lamps is flat.
- the at least one light-emitting diode lamp has an emission spectrum of wavelengths between 200 nm and 2000 nm. Preferably, it has an emission spectrum of wavelengths between 290 nm and 420 nm.
- a diode lamp Electroluminescent light exhibiting such a narrow spectral range allows efficient control of the temperature of samples.
- the irradiance on the support of the radiation that the LED lamp is capable of emitting can be distributed around the axis of the LED lamp according to a Gaussian distribution.
- the enclosure comprises several light-emitting diode lamps.
- the number of LED lamps is between 1 and 100.
- a high number of lamps facilitates the delimitation of the study areas, and increases the homogeneity of the irradiance on them.
- LED lamps can be carried by a base with an area density on the base of between 0.01 cm' 2 and 1 cm' 2 .
- the base has a face parallel to the face of the support on which the study areas are defined, the lamps being arranged, in particular fixed, on said face of the base.
- the emission axis of the LED lamp is perpendicular to the support.
- LED lamps have the same emission spectrum.
- the temperature on the study areas is identical as well as the spectral distribution of the radiation. It is thus possible to dissociate the effect of the impact of irradiance on the sample from that of temperature and spectral distribution.
- the lamps can emit the same light intensity.
- the light source comprises two types of light-emitting diode lamps having different emission spectra.
- the lamps of a first type can be arranged on a first portion of the base and the lamps of a second type can be arranged on a second portion of the base.
- the support can present areas of study which present different irradiances under different wavelengths.
- the light source comprises a base carrying the LED lamps which are arranged regularly on the base according to a square, hexagonal or triangular, preferably square, elementary pattern. LED lamps can be removable from the base. In this way, it is possible to easily study the effect of exposure to radiation of different spectral ranges.
- the LED lamps can be separated by a distance of less than or equal to 10 cm.
- At least one, preferably each of the LED lamps can be arranged so as to illuminate the support along an axis perpendicular to the support.
- the enclosure is configured so that the difference in irradiance between two study areas is greater than or equal to 3 W/m 2 , or even greater than 5 W/m 2 , for example 7 W/m 2 .
- the enclosure can comprise at least three study zones presenting under illumination different irradiances.
- the enclosure comprises a heating means for heating the support, in order to test the cumulative effect of temperature and irradiance on the aging of the samples.
- the heating means can be configured to maintain at least part of the support at a constant temperature.
- the heating means is preferably a resistive heater or a Peltier module. It can be arranged opposite the side of the support on which the study areas are defined.
- the support comprises first and second portions made respectively of first and second different materials, at least one study area being defined in each of the first and second portions.
- the first and second materials have different thermal conductivities.
- the first and second portions can have different temperatures by heating the support.
- the support may comprise more than two portions, for example at least four portions made of different materials.
- the portions are preferably distributed evenly around the central axis.
- At least two study areas are defined in the first portion so as to present different irradiances under illumination by the at least one lamp and at least two study areas are defined in the second portion so as to present different irradiances under illumination by the at least one lamp and preferably in such a way as to present identical irradiances to the corresponding study zones in the first zone.
- the support may be movable relative to the LED lamp or lamps, in particular the distance between the LED lamps and the support may be adjustable.
- the distance between the lamp(s) and the support can be adjusted to better delimit the study zones and/or to modify their distribution on the support and/or to modify the irradiance on at least one of the study zones .
- the study chamber preferably has walls that are opaque to radiation in the visible and to radiation in the ultraviolet, and in particular to the radiation emitted by the lamps.
- the light source can be arranged in the study room.
- the study chamber may have an opening, and the light source is arranged to illuminate the medium through the opening.
- FIG. 1 represents schematically and according to a side view and in section a) and a top view b) part of an example of enclosure according to the invention
- FIG. 2 and [Fig. 3] schematically illustrate an example of a method implemented to delimit study areas of an enclosure according to the invention
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a light source of an example of an enclosure according to the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically represents different study areas of an enclosure according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of an enclosure according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph of the enclosure support in Figure 6, and
- FIG. 8 represents a map of the irradiance on the study areas of the support of figure 7.
- FIG. 1 schematically and partially an example of photo-aging chamber 5 according to the invention.
- the enclosure 5 comprises a light source 10, a support 15 and a study chamber 20 in which the support and the light source are arranged.
- the light source comprises a base 25 and sixteen light-emitting diode (LED) lamps 30 arranged on the base in a square array of 4 ⁇ 4 lamps. Such a number of lamps and such an arrangement of the lamps are not limiting. In another example not illustrated, the light source may comprise 25 LED lamps distributed according to a square network of 5 ⁇ 5 lamps. In Figure 1), the light source is shown in dotted lines for the sake of clarity of the drawing. This number of lamps is not limiting. LED lamps emit identical radiation, i.e. having the same emission spectrum and the same light intensity.
- the support 15 is flat and the lamps are arranged on the base so as to emit light radiation perpendicular to the support along respective emission axes E m .
- the R rays, illustrated by dotted lines, emitted by the lamps interact.
- the irradiance in a zone of the support Zi located near the axis X passing through the center C of the base and perpendicular to the support 15 is higher than the irradiance measured on a zone Z3 of the support far from said axis.
- the irradiance in zone Z3 is in fact lower there because the number of lamps interacting near the sides of the square that these lamps form is lower.
- the measurement of the irradiance on the surface of the support thus makes it possible to define zones Zl, Z2, Z3 in which the irradiance is homogeneous.
- the LED lamps being identical, the temperature of the support as well as the spectral distribution of the radiation are identical in the various zones of study, which makes it possible to study the effect of the only irradiance on the aging of samples. which would be placed in zones Z1 to Z3.
- Figures 2 and 3 schematically illustrate an example of a method implemented to delimit study areas of an enclosure according to the invention.
- the enclosure comprises a single LED lamp 30 fixed on a base 25 parallel to the support 15.
- the support 15 is at an adjustable distance d from the LED lamp.
- the LED lamp is characterized by a wavelength emission spectrum, an emission axis Y of the light radiation, an opening angle ⁇ of the light radiation and an emission power P of the light radiation.
- the radiation light emitted by the LED lamp irradiates a surface S on the support whose area depends on the opening angle ⁇ of the LED lamp and the distance d between the support 15 and the LED lamp 30.
- an LED lamp emits the light radiation in the opening angle 9, according to an angular distribution of its own. This angular distribution induces a spatial distribution of the irradiance I of the light radiation which generally follows a Gaussian shape whose maximum I max is on the emission axis of the LED lamp.
- At least two study areas Zi and Z2 can be defined, in each of which the irradiance varies by less than 10%.
- the person skilled in the art can routinely delimit study areas on the support and vice versa.
- it can simply measure the irradiance and the spatial variation of the irradiance by means of a radiometer adapted to the emission spectrum of LEDs.
- the example shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 2 in that the enclosure has two LED lamps identical to that shown in Figure 2, which are spaced apart by a distance e.
- This figure illustrates the influence of the deviation e on the delimitation of the study areas.
- the difference e is such that on the surface S c of the support jointly illuminated by the two lamps, the sums of the irradiances I, each distributed in a Gaussian manner, make it possible to delimit areas Zi studies in which the irradiance is homogeneous.
- the study zone Zi is less extensive and of lower irradiance.
- the light source can comprise two types of LED lamps 30 which emit according to different spectra and optionally with different intensities.
- it may comprise an identical number of lamps of the first type and of lamps of the second type.
- the lamps of the first and second types can form first Ti and second T2 assemblies in which the lamps 30 are distributed in an identical manner and which are symmetrical with respect to each other.
- the lamps of the first set and the second group emit according to spectral ranges i and 2.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the distribution of the study zones on a support illuminated by the light source of FIG. 4.
- study zones Zl( ⁇ i) at Z3( i) presenting an irradiance (Ii(Zi)>I2(Zi)>I3(Zi)) in a spectral range i which increases as one approaches the center of all the lamps of the first together.
- the portion 50 of the support which is superimposed on the adjacent lamps of the sets T1 and T2 undergoes the interaction of radiation of spectral range i and X.2, so that three other study areas with different irradiances can be defined.
- the enclosure may comprise, as illustrated in FIG. 6, a heating means 55, for example a resistive heating plate, to heat the substrate.
- a heating means 55 for example a resistive heating plate
- the support 15 and the resistive heating plate are arranged in the study chamber 20.
- the light source 10 includes five LED lamps to emit in the UV at a wavelength of 305 nm. It is placed outside the study chamber and can emit radiation through an opening 60 made in an opaque wall of the chamber.
- the support is also arranged between the resistive plate and the light source. The resistive plate thus heats the face of the support opposite to that intended to be illuminated by the light source.
- the support comprises four portions 70 made of different materials, preferably with different thermal conductivities, on which are defined study areas ZI to Z3 intended to receive different irradiances.
- the portions are formed respectively of cardboard, Dibon®, aluminum and a multilayer formed of sheets of cardboard and aluminum and are regularly distributed around the central axis X of the light source
- the study areas are in the form of a rectangle having a length of 15 mm and a width of 45 mm. They are covered by sample holders 75 having identical length and width. The specimen holders further feature tabs at each side end to hold a specimen.
- a test was carried out by heating the support homogeneously via its lower face and by illuminating the opposite face of the support by means of the light source. The temperature on each portion of the support was measured as well as the irradiance in each study area within the different portions.
- the enclosure makes it possible, on a single support, to study the photo-aging of a sample under the effect of the same irradiance (for example 27 W/m 2 ) and at different temperatures (for example varying between 62°C and 74°C). It also makes it possible to study the photoaging of a sample at a given temperature (for example at 62°C) under the effect of different irradiances (for example 12 W/m 2 , 20 W/m 2 and 27 W /m 2 ).
- the invention can thus be put to good use in particular for the study of the photoaging of polymer materials intended to be placed outdoors in daylight.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113280A FR3130374A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Enceinte de photo-vieillissement à multi-irradiance |
| PCT/EP2022/082928 WO2023104515A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2022-11-23 | Enceinte de photo-vieillissement à multi-irradiance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4445117A1 true EP4445117A1 (fr) | 2024-10-16 |
Family
ID=81327850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22821967.1A Pending EP4445117A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2022-11-23 | Enceinte de photo-vieillissement à multi-irradiance |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4445117A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3130374A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023104515A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10350020B3 (de) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-04 | Atlas Material Testing Technology Gmbh | UV-Lichtemissionsdioden als Strahlungsquelle in einer Vorrichtung zur künstlichen Bewitterung von Proben |
| CN101713817A (zh) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-05-26 | 应用材料股份有限公司 | 用于太阳能电池的光浸系统 |
| KR101303691B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-09-06 | 한국화학연구원 | 발광 플라즈마 광원을 이용한 촉진식 광열화 시험 장치 및 방법 |
| EP2682737B1 (fr) | 2012-07-05 | 2024-05-01 | Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH | Dispositif de simulation d'une caractéristique spectrale UV par des diodes électroluminescentes UV |
| EP2682738B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-05 | 2020-12-23 | Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH | Détection d'un rayonnement d'émission d'une diode UV luminescente par une diode UV luminescente réceptrice identique |
| US9897551B2 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2018-02-20 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for accelerated degradation of thermoplastics |
-
2021
- 2021-12-10 FR FR2113280A patent/FR3130374A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-23 WO PCT/EP2022/082928 patent/WO2023104515A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-23 EP EP22821967.1A patent/EP4445117A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3130374A1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 |
| WO2023104515A1 (fr) | 2023-06-15 |
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Owner name: UNIVERSITE CLERMONT AUVERGNE Owner name: CLERMONT AUVERGNE INP Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIESALTERNATIVES |
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