EP4440405A1 - Messvorrichtung und messverfahren zum überprüfen eines messbildzustandes - Google Patents
Messvorrichtung und messverfahren zum überprüfen eines messbildzustandesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4440405A1 EP4440405A1 EP23701901.3A EP23701901A EP4440405A1 EP 4440405 A1 EP4440405 A1 EP 4440405A1 EP 23701901 A EP23701901 A EP 23701901A EP 4440405 A1 EP4440405 A1 EP 4440405A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- measurement
- stereo
- measurement image
- calibration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
- A61B1/00055—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements for alerting the user
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/80—Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
- G06T7/85—Stereo camera calibration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
- A61B1/000096—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope using artificial intelligence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00057—Operational features of endoscopes provided with means for testing or calibration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00193—Optical arrangements adapted for stereoscopic vision
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/593—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
- A61B1/00045—Display arrangement
- A61B1/0005—Display arrangement combining images e.g. side-by-side, superimposed or tiled
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
- G06T2207/10012—Stereo images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
- G06T2207/10021—Stereoscopic video; Stereoscopic image sequence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10068—Endoscopic image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30204—Marker
- G06T2207/30208—Marker matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a measurement system and a measurement method for checking a measurement image condition and/or a calibration quality of a stereo measurement image, in particular an endoscopic and/or exoscopic and/or microscopic and/or laryngoscopic stereo measurement image, according to the respective preamble of independent claims 1 and 15.
- Optical visualization systems such as microscopes, exoscopes and endoscopes enable a scene and/or a work area to be displayed in which fine motor work and/or visual checks are carried out.
- the working area is, for example, an operating area in an inner area, for example inside a thorax or a head, of the human body.
- Exoscopy describes observing and, if necessary, illuminating an operating field on a patient and/or an object field on any object, starting from a remote location, i. H. outside, a patient's body or away from the object.
- Endoscopy describes an imaging technique in which an endoscope is inserted into a cavity.
- the specialist who carries out such an intervention with an endoscope looks at the image recorded by the endoscope on the screen and can direct his actions based on this image.
- an endoscope is inserted into the body in order to capture an internal image of the body and display it on the screen. Due to the often required, precise way of working of the specialist personnel, it is desirable that the most accurate, high-resolution image possible of the cavity and/or the work area on which the check and/or the operation is to be carried out is conveyed.
- the images captured by the endoscope and displayed on a display device are usually two-dimensional, so that even specialists are unable to precisely determine the dimensions and/or measurements of an observed object in the imaged scene due to the lack of depth information.
- three-dimensional stereo endoscopes and/or stereoexoscopes and/or microscopes are also known, in which a scene consists of two different Viewing angles is recorded by two image acquisition units.
- the two image capturing units record one image each of the scene to be observed, preferably synchronized per time unit and viewing angle.
- stereo reconstruction describes the determination of depth information for all or many points in a captured scene, which results in a depth map of the scene being obtained.
- the focal length and stereo basis i.e. the distance between a first and a second image acquisition device
- a pixel offset between a respective pixel in the measurement image recorded by the first image acquisition device and a corresponding pixel in a measurement image recorded by the second image acquisition device can be used to determine the distance of this pixel or image point from the measuring device.
- the offset is called the disparity.
- Objects at a great distance show a low disparity, i.e.
- a type of depth map for the stereo-reconstructed stereo measurement image is calculated from the disparity with knowledge of optical parameters of the image acquisition device(s), which depth map includes, for example, pixel-by-pixel depth information of the object to be observed. With the help of the depth information, it is possible, for example, to determine a distance between any two pixels in Euclidean space.
- the stereo reconstruction is based on known mathematical stereo reconstruction algorithms, for example using so-called semi-global matching algorithms (available at: Hirschmüller, Heiko (2005), "Accurate and efficient stereo processing by semi-global matching and mutual information". IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 807-814).
- a stereo measuring device in particular a 3D camera
- the calibration corrects distortions in a measurement image that would otherwise falsify the disparity values to be determined.
- calibration measurement images of a chessboard pattern with a precisely known chess field size are preferably recorded.
- a calculation of the calibration parameters can be done, for example, using the open source library openCV, which is available at the following link: https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/modules/calib3d/doc/camera_calibration_and_3d_reconstruction.html.
- US 2020/0242806 A1 and WO 2020/041717 A1 disclose storage of calibration parameters in a measuring device, for example in a camera housing.
- Current calibration data or calibration parameters e.g. a color and/or an optical distortion or distortion of a stereoendoscopic image alignment and properties of an image sensor used
- the storage enables the device-specific availability of these parameters, so that they can be included in any stereo-reconstructing evaluation.
- a stereo endoscope is also known from EP 3 656 334 A1, in which data relating to a positional relationship between a navigation tracker and one or more image sensors are stored in the stereo endoscope in order to use them in the later measurement.
- US 2022/0400938 A1 discloses a medical observation system with a plurality of sensors for measuring properties of a body interior. A possible impairment of one of the sensors should be detected and it should be determined which of the sensors is used for the measurement.
- measurement errors can occur not only due to incorrect and/or inaccurate calibration of the measuring device, but also due to a large number of other external disturbance variables, such as dirt and/or clouding of a lens, etc. Making information about such disturbance variables in the area of the measuring devices available appears desirable to the user, but has so far only been implemented to an insufficient extent in the prior art.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of improving the disadvantages known from the prior art and in particular of proposing a measuring device and a measuring method which enable optimized status feedback from the device to a user.
- the object is solved by a measuring system with the features of independent claim 1 .
- the object is also achieved by a measurement method having the features of independent claim 15 .
- a measurement system for checking a measurement image state and/or a calibration quality of a stereo measurement image, in particular a nes endoscopic and/or exoscopic and/or microscopic and/or laryngoscopic stereo measurement image provided.
- the measurement system comprises a first image acquisition device which is set up to acquire at least one first measurement image of a measurement object in a scene from a first viewing angle.
- the measuring device comprises a second image capturing device, which is spaced apart from the first image capturing device and is set up to capture at least one second measurement image of the measurement object in the scene from a second viewing angle, which differs from the first viewing angle.
- the measuring device also includes an output device and an evaluation device.
- the evaluation device is designed to use stereo reconstruction to generate a stereo measurement image from the at least first measurement image and the at least second measurement image, which includes depth information for individual pixels, preferably all pixels, of the stereo measurement image.
- the depth information for each picture element or pixel preferably means a distance of a real point of the measurement object and/or the scene represented by this picture element in the first and/or second measurement image from the first and/or second image acquisition device.
- the distance can preferably be defined by a length of a perpendicular from the stereo basis to the respective real point.
- the measuring device is characterized in that the evaluation unit is designed to check a measured image state of the at least first measured image and/or the at least second measured image for the presence of at least one detection defect; and/or to check the calibration quality of the stereo measurement image on the basis of calibration parameters, in particular on the basis of at least one calibration parameter, of the first and/or second image acquisition device; and, if the at least one detection defect, in particular one that reduces measurement accuracy, exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value, to transmit a first warning to the output device, and/or if the calibration quality exceeds or falls below a predetermined quality limit value, to transmit a second warning to the output device, with the output device being set up to output the first and/or second warning.
- the evaluation unit is designed to check a measured image state of the at least first measured image and/or the at least second measured image for the presence of at least one detection defect; and/or to check the calibration quality of the stereo measurement image on the basis of calibration parameters, in particular on the basis of at least one calibration parameter, of
- a measurement method for checking a measurement image state and/or a calibration quality of a stereo measurement image in particular an endoscopic and/or exoscopic and/or microscopic and/or laryngoscopic stereo measurement image.
- the method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps: capturing at least one first measurement image of a measurement object in a scene from a first viewing angle; Capturing at least one second measurement image of the measurement object in the scene from a second perspective, the differs from the first point of view; and generating a stereo measurement image from the at least first measurement image and the at least second measurement image by stereo reconstruction, depth information being included in the stereo measurement image for individual pixels of the stereo measurement image.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by the steps: checking a measurement image state of the at least first measurement image and/or the at least second measurement image for the presence of at least one detection defect, in particular one that reduces measurement accuracy; and/or checking the calibration quality of the stereo measurement image on the basis of calibration parameters, in particular on the basis of at least one calibration parameter; and, if the at least one detection defect exceeds or falls below a predetermined threshold value, displaying a first warning notice, and/or if the calibration quality falls below a predetermined quality limit value, displaying a second warning notice.
- a state or a display quality of the first and/or second recorded measurement image is preferably continuously checked to see whether there is a recording defect in the at least first and/or second measurement image that would impair the particularly two-dimensional or three-dimensional recording of the measurement object by the measurement system.
- a detection defect may not be able to be recognized with sufficient accuracy by a user from a visual point of view, since the user is fundamentally guided by a very limited field of vision within the scene in which he is planning and/or observing and/or controlling the work process, for example during an operation on the human or animal body.
- the user cannot perceive detection defects in edge areas of the first and/or second measurement image with sufficient accuracy and possibly quickly.
- this is improved in that at least the first warning about the presence or existence and/or impending detection defect is preferably continuously displayed to the user.
- the solution according to the invention is particularly relevant when the user is working in a 2D mode and, for example, a lens of the first and/or second image capturing device has contamination that he cannot see with the naked eye. From a technical point of view, by taking into account the detection defect and/or the calibration quality when calculating measured values, accuracy in the three-dimensional stereo recording and/or stereo representation of the measurement object can be improved. Measurement errors in relation to the measurement object are also avoided in this way.
- the first warning may include an action that restricts and/or deactivates one or more functions of the measurement system, for example if the value falls below the predetermined threshold value.
- the choice of the threshold value is inherently dependent on the conspired detection defect together. If the detection defect is dirt, for example, the threshold value can specify the number of pixels that can still be covered by the dirt without impairing the detection and measurement quality or the measured image state in an unreasonable manner.
- the threshold value can also be predetermined on the basis of color and/or brightness values, contrast, blurring or similar optical factors.
- a quality of a match and thus also a quality of the stereo measurement between the at least first measurement image and the at least second measurement image can be determined by including the calibration parameters.
- Poor calibration quality, predetermined by the quality limit value can become noticeable in a deviation, for example because the calibration data no longer match a current measurement situation, which occurs as a vertical offset when determining the match between a predetermined measurement point in the first measurement image and a corresponding pixel in the second measurement image.
- the calibration quality achieved during the measurement or detection of the measurement object is preferably determined and preferably output to a user.
- depth information determined at least for the first and/or second measurement image is preferably compared by the evaluation device with ideal depth information expected with regard to an ideally calibrated state of the measurement system.
- a quality of the determination of the depth information is therefore preferably specified.
- the user can be shown, for example, whether and how the stereo measurement is deteriorating, in order to inform the user that a calibration of the first and/or second image acquisition device is no longer sufficient.
- the calibration quality is preferably checked continuously and/or automatically during the stereo measurement.
- the user preferably always receives information as to whether the quality of the measurement is still sufficient or whether the measuring device needs to be recalibrated.
- a quality index of the calibration can thus preferably be output to the user for each application of the measuring system.
- This status information is preferably displayed to the user, with an update of the calibration parameters being recommended if necessary.
- the quality of the calibration is no longer sufficient, and in particular the calibration parameters of the first and/or second image acquisition device deviate significantly from the actual optical properties, for example a measurement function of the measurement system is at least partially restricted or at least temporarily deactivated in order to avoid incorrect measurements.
- the evaluation device is preferably set up to check the calibration quality continuously, particularly preferably in real time, so that a status of the stereo measurement image can be output to the user preferably continuously and in real time.
- the calibration parameters can preferably be distortion and/or tilting and/or other optical and/or mechanical properties of the first and/or second image acquisition device.
- the first and second viewing angles preferably do not change in relation to one another during the operation of the measuring system or the implementation of the measuring method.
- the first and second image capturing devices are preferably at a predetermined distance from one another, represented in particular by the stereo base, and are each aligned with the scene to be captured or with the measurement object.
- a change in the first and/or second viewing angle can result in an undesirable manner in that when using the measuring system, one or more settings and/or an alignment of the first and/or second image acquisition device changes compared to a calibrated state, for example due to mechanical and/or thermal external influences.
- a threshold value is predetermined for each individual detection defect, preferably depending on the type and extent, so that the first and/or second measurement image can be checked by the evaluation device in parallel and/or in succession in time for the presence of a large number of different detection defects.
- the output of the first and/or the second warning is not limited to a haptic and/or visual and/or acoustic output.
- the output of the first and/or second warning can consist, for example, in an execution of at least one predetermined control command, by means of which one or more functions of the measuring system can be restricted and/or deactivated at least temporarily.
- the evaluation device is preferably a camera control unit (CCU).
- the first and/or the second image capturing device each includes an imaging sensor and/or a camera.
- the first and the second image capturing device together form a stereo camera.
- Distal imaging sensors are particularly preferably used in the measurement system as the first and second image acquisition device, since these enable better robustness of the calibration with respect to mechanical and thermal influences.
- the at least one stereo measurement image is processed by the above-mentioned stereo reconstruction of a respective stereo image pair, for example the stereo image pair defined by the first and the second measurement image, on the basis of optical and/or dimensional parameters of the image acquisition device.
- the stereo reconstruction preferably includes a calculation, in particular pixel by pixel, of depth information for pixels of the at least one stereo measurement image in order to enable, for example, a dimensional measurement between at least two measurement points selected from a recording scene.
- the stereo reconstruction preferably includes a correction of distortion effects and/or a transformation in each stereo image pair (rectification).
- the first and the second measurement image are preferably recorded synchronously in terms of time, i. H. so preferably have an identical time stamp.
- the calibration parameters of the first and/or second image capturing device or the individual calibration data for each image capturing device due to production are stored in the measuring device, for example in a memory unit.
- the memory unit is particularly preferably designed to overwrite stored calibration parameters with new calibration parameters, for example after a new calibration.
- the calibration parameters are preferably transmitted together with the stereo-reconstructed image data of the stereo measurement image from the camera control unit (CCU) to a further documentation system, in order to be analyzed by this, preferably subsequently.
- CCU camera control unit
- an accurate calibration can be carried out both intra-operatively and retrospectively for each (stereo) measurement image.
- the calibration parameters for the first and the second image acquisition device are preferably stored in a form that can be clearly distinguished from one another. In this case, storage on two separate storage units is also possible and possibly advantageous. Storage on a device-internal memory, an external memory and/or on a server can also be advantageous, with data transfer via a network being possible in a particularly preferred manner.
- the first and the second image acquisition device are each set up to generate a continuous video recording of the measurement object, the first and the second measurement image each defining a synchronously recorded stereo image pair as individual images of a stereo video recording.
- the evaluation device is set up to continuously check the state of the measurement image and/or the calibration quality during the stereo video recording.
- the output device is particularly preferably set up to output the measurement image state in the form of the first warning and/or the calibration quality in the form of the second warning, in particular continuously.
- the output can take place, for example, as a graphic overlay in the graphic representation of the stereo video recording of the scene or of the at least one measurement object.
- the at least one stereo measurement image is preferably an individual stereo measurement image from a large number of temporally consecutive stereo measurement images, which are each composed of a measurement image pair and which, when lined up, result in a video recording of the at least one measurement object or scene.
- a time interval between the individual stereo measurement images is preferably determined by a predetermined image acquisition frequency (frame rate).
- the stereo measurement image can in principle be any individual stereo measurement image of such a video recording and/or video sequence and of course does not have to be restricted to an initially recorded image.
- the first and second measurement image are each individual images of video recordings made by the first and the second image acquisition device, preferably synchronized in time, of the measurement object.
- Two measurement images each with the same time stamp preferably define a stereo measurement image pair from which a stereo measurement image can be determined or formed.
- the stereo reconstruction includes a correction of distortion effects and/or a rectification in the at least first and the at least second measurement image and/or a pixel-by-pixel, in particular algorithmic, evaluation of depth information of the scene and/or the at least one measurement object, in particular in relation to the geometry of the first and/or second image acquisition device.
- the algorithmic evaluation can preferably be carried out on the basis of a semi-global matching algorithm with the first and second measurement image.
- Other known methods of stereo reconstruction which are used to determine depth information from a pair of stereo images, are also included here without being explicitly mentioned.
- the at least one detection defect describes at least partial soiling and/or smearing and/or at least partial fogging of a lens or a distal window of the first image capturing device and/or a lens or a distal window or cover glass of the second image capturing device.
- a cover glass of this type closes the medical instrument in a vapour-tight manner, for example, so that no moisture can penetrate into the optics during cleaning.
- the at least one detection defect describes the presence of a smoke gas in the scene and/or overexposure or underexposure of the scene and/or insufficient depth of field of the first image capturing device and/or the second image capturing device for capturing the at least one measurement object in the scene.
- the at least one detection defect describes an insufficient light and/or color ratio in the scene.
- the evaluation device is preferably designed to check and/or classify at least the first and second measurement image, preferably a large number of recorded first and second measurement images, independently of one another by using an algorithm with regard to possible contamination, in particular at least one lens or window. As a result of this check, the evaluation device can determine whether at least one lens is contaminated. If one or both lenses or windows are dirty, the first warning appears, for example, in a display menu of the output device, which can be used to limit and/or deactivate at least one measurement function.
- the evaluation device can also be set up to check the measurement images for the presence of a plurality of detection defects in any combination with one another, preferably simultaneously.
- training images could be manually sorted and/or classified into the above detection defects.
- a neural network can preferably be trained on the basis of these training images, so-called multiclass classification.
- the evaluation device is set up to check the first and/or second measurement image for the presence of the at least one detection defect by averaging the at least one detection defect over at least one predetermined image segment in the first and/or second measurement image.
- the evaluation device it is preferably possible for the evaluation device to be designed to evaluate the first and/or second measurement image in segments for the presence of a detection defect, in order to enable an exact localization of the detection defect in this way. This gives the user the opportunity to correct the detection defect through a corresponding interaction based on the determined image segment.
- the user can activate a fluid nozzle, which is consequently set up to direct a jet of compressed air or water at a part of the lens or window that corresponds in the first and/or second measurement image to the image segment in which the detection defect, for example a contamination, was determined.
- the evaluation device is set up to compare the first and second measurement images with one another at least in segments with regard to the presence of the at least one detection defect. Such a comparison, at least between the first and the second measurement image, is advantageous because it enables a plausibility check on the one hand. On the other hand, this comparison can improve the localization of a detection defect in the scene or thereby indirectly on at least one lens or a window of the first and/or second image detection device.
- the evaluation device is set up to check the first and/or second measurement image for the presence of the at least one detection defect on the basis of artificial intelligence and/or on the basis of an algorithmic evaluation of image data of the first and/or second measurement image.
- a computer vision algorithm for example using a Laplace filter
- the algorithm that is used to evaluate the detection defects can be, for example, an algorithm that evaluates contrast ratios in the first and second measurement images.
- the algorithm it is possible for the algorithm to include a classifier based on artificial intelligence. All known methods of artificial intelligence, in particular machine learning, assisted learning, etc., can be used here.
- the evaluation device is set up to check, by evaluating the depth information, the chronologically successive first measurement images and/or the chronologically successive second measurement images of the stereo video recording of the at least one measurement object, whether the first and/or second image acquisition device maintains a predetermined safety distance from the at least one measurement object.
- a measurement system moving relative to the measurement object in particular a stereo video camera, can be examined.
- depth information for a measurement point under consideration on the measurement object decreases continuously as the first and/or second image capturing device approaches.
- the evaluation device can be designed, for example, to recognize whether the first and/or second measurement image and/or image segments contained therein become blurry when approaching. If, for example, a predetermined sharpness limit value is exceeded or not reached, the evaluation device can preferably instruct the output device to issue a warning to the user in the form of the first warning signal.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for robotic applications of the measurement system, in which, for example, a movement of at least part of the measurement system relative to the measurement object is guided and controlled by at least one robot.
- the robot movement of at least part of the measuring system can be stopped at least semi-automatically and/or at least one direction of movement can be changed.
- a collision with the measurement object can thus be effectively prevented, which is particularly advantageous in medical-surgical applications.
- the distance between the measurement system and the measurement object is too small, it can make it more difficult to determine the depth map if the measurement images (e.g. the first and second measurement image) cannot be displayed sharply.
- the evaluation device is set up to check the plausibility of the depth information determined from the first and the second measurement image, preferably pixel by pixel, on the basis of the calibration parameters of the first and/or second image acquisition device. In particular, it is checked whether there is a vertical offset mentioned above between a measurement point in relation to the first measurement image and a measurement point corresponding to this in the second measurement image, and whether this vertical offset, for example, exceeds a predetermined quality limit value, preferably determined in pixels (ptx). If the predetermined quality limit value, which preferably determines the vertical offset, is exceeded, the accuracy of the measurement is no longer sufficient and immediate or immediate recalibration of the measurement system is necessary.
- the evaluation unit is set up to compare, during the plausibility check, the depth information determined from the first and second measurement image, preferably pixel by pixel, with depth information that is to be expected in an ideally calibrated state of the first and/or the second image capturing device on the basis of the calibration parameters of the first and/or second image capturing device.
- the calibration quality of the stereo-reconstructed stereo measurement image can preferably be determined on the basis of this plausibility check. If, for example, with regard to a measuring point determined in relation to the measuring object, a vertical offset between its image point-based representation found in the first and the second measurement image, it can be concluded that the calibration quality has decreased with respect to an initial calibration. If such an offset exceeds the predetermined quality limit value or threshold value, the second warning is transmitted to the output device.
- the evaluation device is set up to include the determined calibration quality in a display of at least one measurement result that is to be displayed in relation to the at least one measurement object. It is thus possible to correct a measurement error that occurs due to insufficient calibration quality, at least in the representation of a measurement result associated with it. Such a correction can take place, for example, until the predetermined quality limit value is exceeded.
- a vertical pixel offset between a measurement point in the first measurement image and a corresponding pixel in the second measurement image which is caused by insufficient calibration quality, can be corrected, at least with regard to a display to a user.
- the output of the first and/or second warning at least includes that at least one predetermined operating function of the measuring system is at least temporarily deactivated; and/or that there is an indication that at least one predetermined operating function of the measuring system is at least temporarily deactivated; and/or that there is an indication of what type of detection defect is present in which image segment of the first and/or second measurement image; and/or that an indication is given as to how a user can remedy the detected detection defect; and/or that there is an indication of the extent to which the calibration quality of the first and/or second measurement image deviates from an ideal state; and/or that there is an indication that the first and/or second image capturing device needs to be calibrated.
- first and/or the second warning notice is merely of an exemplary nature and are not to be understood as limiting.
- the first and/or the second warning can also be issued in any other form without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the first and/or the second warning is preferably output to a user continuously, particularly preferably in real time.
- the output device is designed to output the first and/or second warning in optical and/or acoustic and/or haptic form.
- a different type of output for example as a control command that controls one or more functions of the measuring system, is also possible.
- the measuring device is included in a stereo endoscope and/or in a stereo exoscope and/or in a stereo microscope and/or in a laryngoscope.
- the measuring device is preferably designed as a stereo endoscope and/or as a stereo exoscope and/or as a stereo microscope and/or as a laryngoscope.
- the output device includes a screen and/or glasses or 3D glasses or augmented reality glasses.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a first flow chart for representing an exemplary calibration process of a measuring system
- FIG. 3 shows a second flow chart for representing an exemplary calibration process of a measuring system
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary, pictorial representation of measurement points on a measurement object with a good calibration quality
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary, pictorial representation of measurement points on a measurement object with a poor calibration quality
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a checkerboard pattern used for calibrating the measuring system
- FIG. 10 a pictorial comparison of a fault-free measurement image and a measurement image affected by a third detection defect.
- the measurement system 100 has an image acquisition device 104 with an evaluation device or a camera control unit (CCU) 106 .
- Image capture device 104 also includes a first image capture device 108 and a second image capture device 110.
- Image capture device 104 preferably includes a memory, not shown in detail, which is set up at least to store the calibration parameters or calibration data of the first and/or second image capture device 108, 110. It goes without saying that such a memory can also be arranged outside of the image acquisition device 104 .
- the first image capturing device 108 has a predetermined distance from the second image capturing device 110 which defines a stereo base of the stereo endoscope 102 .
- the first and the second image capturing device 108, 110 are preferably each a camera.
- the evaluation device 106 is preferably set up to receive image data from the first and the second image acquisition device 108, 110 in the form of measurement images, here for example in the form of at least one first measurement image 109 and at least one second measurement image 111.
- the evaluation device 106 particularly preferably has at least one processor for image processing, not shown in detail. It goes without saying that the evaluation device 106 can preferably be arranged outside of the image acquisition device 104 in other embodiments.
- the evaluation device 106 is preferably designed as a so-called camera control unit (CCU).
- a pre-processing of the acquired measurement images 109, 111 can preferably take place in the image acquisition device 108, 110.
- a lens assembly 114 is positioned in front of the first and the second image capturing device 108 , 110 .
- the lens assembly 114 includes, for example, a cover glass, such as a lens, and optical units 116,118 with apertures associated with the image capture devices 108,110.
- the optical units 116, 118 define the respective field of view of the image acquisition units 108, 110.
- Each of the two image acquisition units 108, 110 is assigned to an observation channel 120, 122.
- the observation channels 120, 122 are each designed to transmit the measurement images 109, 111 to the evaluation device 106 in the form of signal-type image information.
- a signal converter 124, 126 is assigned to each of the image acquisition devices 108, 110 in order to provide the image information.
- the signal converters 124, 126 are each set up to convert the optically recorded measurement images 109, 111 into image information.
- the signal converters 124, 126 are photochips.
- the first image capturing device 108 is set up to capture at least the first measurement image 109 of a measurement object 112 in a scene.
- the measurement object 112 is shown here as a letter P by way of example. However, the measurement object 112 is normally preferably a human or animal organ or another part of a human or animal body or a component.
- the first image capturing device 108 captures the at least first measurement image 109 of the measurement object 112, preferably from a first viewing angle.
- the second image acquisition device 110 is set up to acquire at least the second measurement image 111 of the measurement object 112 .
- 108, 110 are each set up to capture the first and the second measurement image 109, 111, preferably synchronized in time. A first and second measurement image captured in this way
- the evaluation device 106 is designed to determine stereo measurement image information from the stereo image pair or from the signal-based image information of the first and second measurement image 109, 111 using known methods of stereo reconstruction.
- stereo measurement image information depth information is available for each recorded pixel of the measurement object 112, which depth information can be used, for example, to calculate a distance between two measurement points on the measurement object 112 in Euclidean space.
- the stereo measurement image information can preferably be transmitted via a first and/or a second output channel 128, 130 to an output device 132, through which the stereo measurement image information is provided to a user as a stereo measurement image and preferably displayed graphically.
- the output device 132 may, for example be a display.
- the measurement object 112 is imaged in the form of an observation object 136 on the output device 132 .
- a user can preferably move a cursor 138 relative to the observation object 136 or to the virtualized measurement object 112 in order to determine a measurement point in relation to the measurement object, for example.
- the measurement system 100 is set up to basically capture a large number of measurement images of the measurement object 112 and thus to capture or provide a large number of stereo measurement images for each stereo measurement image pair. It is particularly preferably possible with the measurement system 100 to record a (live) video of the measurement object 112, which is composed of a large number of pairs of individual images which are captured one after the other at a predefined time interval, determined by the frame rate, measured in frames per second (fps).
- FIG. 2 and 3 show exemplary flow charts or workflows of a calibration method, which is explained in more detail below.
- calibration images of a checkerboard pattern 140 shown as an example in FIG. 6 with three points for detecting a respective (field) center are recorded for calibration (see top left in the flowchart).
- Checkerboard corners are then identified on these calibration images and used for further calculation of the calibration parameters.
- the calibration parameters typically include distortion correction parameters for both image capturing devices or cameras, focal lengths and a center point of an optical axis of the respective image capturing device 108, 110.
- a rotation matrix and a translation vector of the two image capturing devices 108, 110 relative to one another are determined. For this it is advantageous to know the size of a chessboard square (in advance).
- a plurality of calibration images are recorded from different viewing angles by the first and the second image capturing device 108, 110.
- the calibration preferably takes place separately for the first and the second image acquisition device 108 , 110 .
- it is advantageous that calibration images are recorded from "oblique" viewing angles.
- Chessboard 140 may preferably exist in real life or, alternatively, be displayed on a screen.
- the calibration parameters are preferably used to transform the calibration images recorded by the first and second image acquisition devices 108, 110 (often referred to as right and left cameras).
- the calibration images are transformed as if they had been recorded by a parallel camera system (so-called rectification).
- this is implemented by the so-called semi-global matching (SGM) algorithm, with the help of which a matching pixel in a measurement image captured by the second image capture device 110 is searched for a given pixel in a measurement image captured by the first image capture device 108.
- the algorithm preferably only searches along the same horizontal line, since this is predetermined by the epipolar geometry.
- the calibration no longer correctly describes the properties of the first and/or the second image capturing device 108, 110 and during the process of equalization and rectification, identical objects are imaged on different horizontal lines, making correct depth determination using the SGM algorithm more difficult and/or impossible.
- FIG. 6 for example, calibration images of a 3D chessboard image were recorded, corrected and rectified.
- the vertical offset is given in pixels. The average vertical offset is 0.4 pixels, for example, so the calibration can be assumed to be very good.
- evaluation device 106 is designed to check a measurement image state of the at least first measurement image 109 and/or the at least second measurement image 111 for the presence of at least one acquisition defect and to check the calibration quality of the stereo measurement image on the basis of calibration parameters of the first and/or second image acquisition device 108, 110.
- the quality of the rectification is evaluated in particular, which, as described above, has a major influence on the correctness of the depth maps determined by the stereo reconstruction.
- a search is made in the associated first measurement image 109 for points 142 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) that are as easy as possible to track optically (i.e. are located, for example, at a high-contrast point in the first measurement image 109).
- the open-source library openCV cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack offers a possibility of mathematical-optical tracking.
- These points 142 are searched for as homogeneously as possible over the first measurement image 109 or within the entire scene. Using an opticalFlow algorithm, e.g. openCV cv2. calcOpticalFlowPyrLK, these points 142 are transferred to the second measurement image 111. The vertical offset can be calculated from these pairs of points using mathematical methods.
- opticalFlow algorithm e.g. openCV cv2.
- this offset is zero, as described above. Due to errors in the optical flow calculation, it can be advisable to use calculated offset values of e.g. B. ⁇ 10 pixels (px) should not yet be regarded as quality-critical. It can also be advantageous to calculate a mean offset error over a number of vertical offset values and to average this calculated offset error over time, preferably over a number of successive first and second measurement images.
- a quality limit value can be specified on the user and/or software side, at which an acceptable calibration can still be assumed. If the calculated and possibly time-averaged mean offset error is 5 pixels and higher, for example, this can indicate the quality limit value from which the user is given a second warning on output device 132, for example, that a new calibration is necessary. In the course of this, some functions of the measuring system 100 can also be deactivated at least temporarily.
- 4 shows the first and the second measurement image 109, 111, recorded by the first image capturing device 108 and by the second image capturing device 110, side by side. Both measurement images 109, 111 show the measurement object 112, in this case a human organ, in front of a light background. The background together with the measurement object 112 defines the scene.
- the first measurement image 109 is shown on the left-hand side.
- the second measurement image 111 is shown on the right-hand side.
- a large number of points 142 were selected in the first measurement image 109 and are used to calculate the vertical offset or the calibration quality.
- These points 142 are transferred to the second measurement image using optical flow methods, ie corresponding pixels 144 are searched for in the second measurement image 111 for the points 142 in the first measurement image 109 .
- the calibration quality is an average vertical offset between the points 142 and the corresponding pixels 144 (without taking into account statistical outliers) of 0.9 pixels, so that the calibration quality of these two measurement images 109, 111 and thus the stereo measurement image reconstructed from them is very good.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the first and second measurement image 109, 111.
- an incorrect calibration was used intentionally, in this case a calibration of a different image acquisition device.
- the average vertical offset increases significantly and is 5.4 pixels on average, so that the user can be warned of the poor calibration by means of the second warning signal.
- the predetermined quality limit is exceeded.
- the evaluation device 106 is designed to check a measurement image state of the at least first measurement image 109 and/or the at least second measurement image 111 for the presence of at least one detection defect.
- Various examples of such detection defects which can occur during intended use of the measuring system, are illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10.
- a comparison of the first and the second measurement image 109, 110 is always shown.
- a superimposed depth map is always shown in the figures, which was determined from the first and the second measurement image 109, 110 in the form of the stereo measurement image via stereo reconstruction.
- the second measurement image (lower image) is blurred due to soiling of the lens of the second image acquisition device 110 .
- no accurate depth map can be determined from the resulting stereo image pair. This is preferably given to the user by the first warning.
- the invention Parallel to the stereo reconstruction to determine the depth map and/or the stereo measurement image, which is used to measure between different measurement points, the invention checks whether one or both lenses of the first or second image capturing device 108, 110 are contaminated and the quality of the depth map is thereby decreasing beyond a level that can be specified by a threshold value.
- both measurement images 109, 111 are classified independently of one another by the evaluation device 106 with the aid of an algorithm, for example with regard to dirty lenses.
- This algorithm can either be a K1-based classifier or a classic algorithm that recognizes the contrast ratios in the respective measurement image 109, 111, for example. If one (or both) lenses is dirty, the first warning appears in the menu, preferably in a graphic overlay, which may also deactivate individual measuring functions of the measuring system. Analogously to this, it is also possible for the first and/or second measurement image 109, 111 to be checked for smoke in the measurement image and/or for fogging of the image acquisition device(s) 108, 110.
- the first and second measurement image 109, 111 can be checked for dark or light image regions, preferably in real time. This can be implemented by simple limit value formation. Regions that were recognized as too dark or too light either cannot be selected for the selection of points or measurement points 142 . Alternatively or additionally, the first warning can be issued that at least one region in the first and/or second measurement image 109, 111 is overexposed and/or underexposed.
- FIG. 10 shows a comparison of the first and second measurement images 109, 111, in which an incorrect depth map was determined due to unsharpness resulting from an insufficient distance between the image acquisition devices 108, 110 and the measurement object 112.
- the blur is shown schematically as a dot pattern.
- a surface structure of a fabric material cannot be resolved due to the lack of focus shown here.
- Parallel to the stereo reconstruction it can be checked whether the two measurement images 109, 111 are blurred. Blurring occurs primarily when the image capture devices 108, 110 are positioned outside of the focus area or when the image capture devices 108, 110 are moved too quickly.
- the sharpness of a measurement image can be examined using classic computer vision algorithms (e.g. Laplace filter).
- the user can preferably be shown the first warning that the measurement is inaccurate because the stereo camera was positioned incorrectly and/or is too close to the measurement object 112 .
- a mean value and an associated error are calculated from the chronological sequence of measurement distances and displayed to the user.
- the indication that measured values are inaccurate can be supported by the detection algorithms according to the invention in that the cause of the measurement inaccuracy, i. H. the type of detection defect, is displayed. Accordingly, it is advantageous to link the display of the cause of a detection defect to a predetermined threshold value being exceeded.
- an exposure control of the measuring system and/or a white balance is also advantageous for an exposure control of the measuring system and/or a white balance to be checked, possibly together with an adjustment of an exposure control.
- stereo endoscopes generate two measurement images or measurement image series that are not necessarily recorded under the same exposure settings and/or white balance conditions.
- different images can lead to errors in the depth map.
- parallel to the stereo reconstruction checks whether a brightness and/or color in the first and the second measurement image 109, 111 is similar to one another.
- a mean value per color channel can be determined over both measurement images 109, 111 and compared in each case. This can preferably also be done in segments and/or sections. If the mean values formed in this way differ by more than a predetermined threshold value, the recording conditions are probably different and the first warning can be used to indicate to the user that a white balance is necessary.
- the color values and exposure control can be coordinated with each other again.
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| PCT/EP2023/051511 WO2023139251A1 (de) | 2022-01-24 | 2023-01-23 | Messvorrichtung und messverfahren zum überprüfen eines messbildzustandes |
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| JP4468544B2 (ja) | 2000-04-03 | 2010-05-26 | オリンパス株式会社 | 内視鏡装置 |
| DE10100335B4 (de) | 2001-01-03 | 2017-02-09 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Vorrichtung zur Anzeige einer Größe im Blickfeld eines Benutzers und Verwendung der Vorrichtung |
| EP2263448A3 (de) | 2004-03-30 | 2012-07-18 | DeLaval Holding AB | Anordnung und Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Positionen der Zitzen eines Milchtiers |
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| JP4750175B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2011-08-17 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | ステレオ光学系、並びにそれを用いたステレオ計測用光学装置、ステレオ計測装置及びステレオ観察装置 |
| JP5777317B2 (ja) | 2010-10-22 | 2015-09-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 医用画像表示装置 |
| JP6021489B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-03 | 2016-11-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像装置、画像処理装置およびその方法 |
| WO2016072490A1 (ja) | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | オリンパス株式会社 | 撮像システム |
| DE102016001772A1 (de) | 2016-02-16 | 2016-08-11 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Bewegungs- und Verhaltensprognose in einer Fahrzeugumgebung befindlicher Objekte |
| DE102016217792A1 (de) | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-22 | Xion Gmbh | Justiersystem |
| WO2019087253A1 (ja) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | オリンパス株式会社 | ステレオカメラのキャリブレーション方法 |
| US10645364B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2020-05-05 | Intel Corporation | Dynamic calibration of multi-camera systems using multiple multi-view image frames |
| EP4647034A3 (de) | 2018-08-24 | 2025-12-10 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Kameraexterne kalibrierungsparameter für eine bilderfassungsvorrichtung |
| DE102018129150A1 (de) | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-20 | Karl Storz Se & Co. Kg | Endoskopvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Endoskopvorrichtung |
| JP2021003530A (ja) | 2019-06-27 | 2021-01-14 | ソニー株式会社 | 医療用観察システム、制御装置及び制御方法 |
| CN112734858B (zh) | 2021-01-08 | 2022-11-29 | 长沙行深智能科技有限公司 | 一种双目标定精度在线检测方法及装置 |
| US12273500B2 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2025-04-08 | Intel Corporation | Methods and apparatus to calibrate and/or validate stereoscopic depth sensing systems |
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| US20250104281A1 (en) | 2025-03-27 |
| WO2023139251A1 (de) | 2023-07-27 |
| CN118591333A (zh) | 2024-09-03 |
| US12462433B2 (en) | 2025-11-04 |
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