EP4430108A1 - Poudre polymère pour la fabrication de pièces de haute définition et de faible rugosité - Google Patents
Poudre polymère pour la fabrication de pièces de haute définition et de faible rugositéInfo
- Publication number
- EP4430108A1 EP4430108A1 EP22814354.1A EP22814354A EP4430108A1 EP 4430108 A1 EP4430108 A1 EP 4430108A1 EP 22814354 A EP22814354 A EP 22814354A EP 4430108 A1 EP4430108 A1 EP 4430108A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- polymer powder
- thermoplastic polymer
- composition according
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
Definitions
- thermoplastic polymer powder for the additive manufacturing of high definition and low roughness parts.
- thermoplastic polymer powders SLS, MJF, HSS, etc.
- European patent EP1742986 B1 teaches that a polyamide powder having a melting enthalpy and a melting temperature far from the crystallization temperature makes it possible to improve the definition of parts built by selective melting.
- Patent EP 1 413 595 B1 describes a process for increasing at least one of the following two parameters of a polyamide: (i) its melting temperature and (ii) its enthalpy of fusion AHf in which this polyamide is brought into contact in the solid state with water or water vapor at a temperature close to its crystallization temperature Te for a time sufficient to effect this increase, then the water (or water vapor) is separated polyamide and the polyamide is dried.
- patents EP 2 115 043 B1 and EP 2 627 687 B1 teach that the heat treatment of PAEK powders makes it possible to improve the definition of constructed parts.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a polymer powder making it possible to improve the definition and the surface appearance of parts produced by selective melting.
- the present invention is based on the observation that a powder of suitable morphology and having an appropriate particle size makes it possible to improve the definition of the parts and reduces the surface roughness of items produced by selective fusion 3D printing methods.
- a powder with a narrow particle size distribution with few fine particles makes it possible to optimize the fusion of the targeted grains, in that it reduces the risk of fusion of neighboring grains, and therefore improves the definition built parts.
- the low concentration of large particles limits the texturing of the surface and therefore the loss of definition and the roughness of the surface which could result therefrom.
- the subject of the invention is a thermoplastic polymer powder composition suitable for additive manufacturing by selective melting, in which the polymer powder has a particle size characterized by: o a volume-average diameter Dv ⁇ 55 pm, and o a span less than 1.2, and such that a ratio d is between 0.40 and 0.55, the ratio d being of the following formula:
- dp d ⁇ ⁇ am in which dp is the apparent density of the powder measured according to standard ISO 787-11: 1981; and d m is the density of the material measured on the powder after fusion according to standard ISO 1183-1.
- the thermoplastic polymer comprises or consists of a thermoplastic polymer chosen from the group consisting of polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly-(N-methylmethactlumide, PMMI), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ionomers, polyamides, thermoplastic elastomers such as polyetherblock amides, PAEKs, and mixtures thereof, and in particular it comprises or consists of PA 11 , PA 12, semi-aromatic polyamide such as PA 11/10T, a PEBA or a PAEK such as PEKK, PEEK, PEEK-PEDEK and PEEK-PEmEK.
- a thermoplastic polymer chosen from the group consisting of polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly-(N-methylmeth
- the composition further comprises a flow agent.
- the polymer powder has a span of less than 1.00, and preferably less than 0.90.
- the polymer powder has a ratio d of between 0.45 and 0.55, and in particular between 0.47 and 0.51.
- the polymer powder also has an inherent viscosity of 0.65 to 1.50, preferably 0.85 to 1.40, and more preferably 1.00 to 1.30.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing the composition of the powder described, comprising the steps of:
- thermoplastic polymer monomer(s) (i) Prepolymerization of the thermoplastic polymer monomer(s) and subsequent granulation;
- the invention relates to the use of the composition described or obtained according to the above process for the manufacture of articles by additive manufacturing by means of selective melting, in particular chosen from SLS, MJF and HSS.
- the invention relates to an article capable of being obtained by additive manufacturing by means of selective melting of the composition described or obtained according to the process described.
- Fig. 1 a 3D printing device by sintering of the SLS type (English acronym for “selective laser sintering”, selective laser sintering);
- Fig. 2 the evolution of the thickness e of the powder deposited after melting by irradiation as a function of the number of layers n of 100 ⁇ m each in a construction by laser sintering, calculated for powders having a ratio d of 0.3 (•) , 0.5 ( ⁇ ) and 0.7 ( ⁇ ).
- thermoplastic polymer is understood to denote a polymer having the property of softening when it is sufficiently heated, and which, on cooling, becomes hard again.
- the polymer has a molar mass as measured by CES (steric exclusion chromatography) greater than 5000 g/mol.
- average diameter by volume or “Dv” is also understood to mean the average diameter by volume of a pulverulent material, as measured according to standard ISO 13319-1:2021, for example on a Coulter Counter particle counter. -Multisizer 3 (Beckmann Coulter). There are different diameters. More specifically, the Dv50 denotes the median diameter by volume, and the Dv10 and Dv90 respectively denote the diameters below which 10 or 90% by volume of the particles are located.
- width means a ratio describing the width of the particle size distribution of a powder, with the following formula:
- Dv10 designates the diameter below which there are 10% by volume of the particles of the polymer powder
- Dv50 designates the diameter below which 50% by volume of the particles of the polymer powder are found (by definition Dv50 is also the median diameter by volume), and
- Dv90 designates the diameter below which 90% by volume of the particles of the polymer powder are found, these diameters being measured as indicated above.
- 3D printing by sintering means processes in which a layer of polymer powder is irradiated by electromagnetic radiation (for example laser beam, infrared radiation, UV radiation), so as to selectively melt the powder particles. affected by radiation. The molten particles coalesce and solidify to lead to the formation of a solid mass. This process can produce 3D articles by repeatedly irradiating a succession of freshly applied powder layers.
- electromagnetic radiation for example laser beam, infrared radiation, UV radiation
- surface roughness is understood to denote the arithmetic mean deviation R a of the surface profile of a sample according to the ISO4287:1997 standard, for example using a PERTHOMETER S8P device.
- the build orientation can impact roughness, so it can be useful to distinguish between the bottom and top of an item, where the bottom is the first build layer and the top is the last build layer.
- viscosity is understood to denote the inherent viscosity as measured in a viscometer of the Ubbelohde type according to standard ISO 307:2019, except when using m-cresol as solvent and at a temperature of 20° C.
- the dimension of the inherent viscosity is the reciprocal of a concentration and is equal to the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity, all divided by the concentration of polymer dissolved in the solvent.
- PA X represents the number of carbon atoms of the polyamide units resulting from the condensation of an amino acid or lactam.
- PA XY designating a polyamide resulting from the condensation of a diamine with a dicarboxylic acid or an acid derivative possessing di-functionality
- X represents the number of carbon atoms of the diamine
- Y represents the number of carbon atoms of the dicarboxylic acid or acid derivative.
- PA X/Y, PA X/Y/Z, etc. refers to copolyamides in which X, Y, Z, etc. represent homopolyamide units as described above.
- the present invention provides a composition of thermoplastic polymer powder suitable for additive manufacturing by selective melting, in which the polymer powder has a particle size characterized by an average diameter Dv ⁇ 55 ⁇ m, a specific particle size distribution, characterized by a span of less than 1.2, and finally a ratio d between the density of the powder and that of the material between 0.40 and 0.55.
- the use of powders with a low d ratio most often compromises the properties of the manufactured articles, particularly in terms of mechanical strength.
- such a powder is difficult to convert due to the powdery behavior of the particles.
- a bed of such powder is not able to support the weight of the item being built. The article then collapses during printing, and cannot be completed.
- thermoplastic polymer powder compositions according to the invention make it possible to obtain parts having low roughness, and moreover make it possible to avoid construction defects on parts, in particular round or bent parts, while maintaining good productivity.
- thermoplastic polymer powder A. Composition of thermoplastic polymer powder
- thermoplastic polymer powder composition proposed according to the invention comprises a polymer powder which has: a particle size characterized by: o a volume-average diameter Dv ⁇ 55 ⁇ m, and o a span of less than 1.20, and such that a ratio d is between 0.40 and 0.55, the ratio d being of the following formula:
- dp is the apparent density of the powder measured according to standard ISO 787-11: 1981
- d m is the density of the material measured on the powder after melting by vertical thrust in water (21° C.) according to standard ISO 1183-1.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder has a specific particle size. Indeed, the thermoplastic polymer powder of the invention has a volume-average diameter Dv of less than 55 ⁇ m. According to certain embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer powder has a volume-average diameter Dv of between 30 and 55 ⁇ m, in particular between 35 and 50 ⁇ m and very particularly between 40 and 45 ⁇ m.
- the particle size distribution of the thermoplastic polymer powder can also have a significant impact on the performance in 3D printing by sintering.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder has a span, as defined above, of less than 1.2, and in particular less than 1, and very particularly less than 0.9.
- the span of the thermoplastic polymer powder is between 0.20 and 1.20, or between 0.30 and 1.10, or between 0.35 and 1.00, or between 0.40 and 0.90.
- the volume diameter Dv10 of the powder is preferably greater than 15 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder has a volume diameter Dv10 of between 15 and 50 ⁇ m, or between 25 and 45 ⁇ m or between 30 and 40 ⁇ m.
- the volume diameter Dv50 of the powder is preferably between 30 and 60 ⁇ m. According to certain embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer powder has a volume diameter Dv50 of between 35 and 55 ⁇ m, or between 40 and 50 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder has a volume diameter Dv90 of less than 120 ⁇ m, in particular less than 100 ⁇ m, and very particularly less than 90 ⁇ m. According to certain embodiments, the thermoplastic polymer powder has a volume diameter Dv90 of between 40 and 120 ⁇ m, or between 45 and 100 ⁇ m, or between 50 and 80 ⁇ m.
- thermoplastic polymer powder in the composition according to the invention is moreover characterized by a specific ratio d, which is between 0.40 and 0.55.
- the ratio d is of the following formula:
- the ratio d as specified expresses the compromise proposed according to the invention between the search for a maximum density of the powder and therefore a high ratio d on the one hand, and the fact that such powders generate articles with high roughness and require a greater number of layers to absorb the difference in thickness resulting from the difference in density at the start of construction (8 to 10 layers or almost 1 mm on the article being constructed, see Fig. 2).
- a ratio d between 0.40 and 0.55 allowed to best reconcile the advantage of having a dense powder with a view to good mechanical properties of the printed articles and that of having a powder that is not too dense with a view to limiting constraints and defects at the start of construction.
- the apparent density d p of the thermoplastic polymer powder depends, in addition to its particle size, in particular on the shape of the particles, their porosity and their crystalline structure.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder preferably has a bulk density d p of 0.200 to 0.600, preferably of 0.300 to 0.550, and extremely preferably of 0.400 to 0.500.
- the density d m of the thermoplastic polymer depends on the polymer considered and generally ranges from 0.850 to 1.850, preferably from 0.900 to 1.450, and extremely preferably from 0.950 to 1.150.
- thermoplastic polymers capable of being used in the context of the present invention can in particular be chosen from polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly( N-methylmethacrylimide, PMMI), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ionomers, polyamides, thermoplastic elastomers such as polyetherblock amides (PEBA), PAEKs, and their copolymers and mixtures.
- polyesters polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly( N-methylmethacrylimide, PMMI), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ionomers, polyamides, thermoplastic elastomers such as polyetherblock amides (PEBA), PAEKs, and their copolymers and mixtures.
- polystyrene resin examples include PA 6, PA 6.6, PA 11 and PA 12 and their copolymers, and semi-aromatic polyamides such as PA 11/10T for example.
- PAEK polyetherketoneketone
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PEEK-PEDEK polyetheretherketone-polyetherdiphenyletherketone
- PEEK-PEmEK polyetheretherketone-polyethermetaetherketone
- the polymer comprises or consists of a polyamide, in particular PA 11, PA 12, a PEBA, or a semi-aromatic polyamide such as PA 11/10T or a PAEK such as PEKK , as well as mixtures or copolymers thereof.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder generally comprises at least 50% by weight of thermoplastic polymer relative to the total weight of powder.
- the powder comprises at least 50%, or at least 75%, or at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 92.5%, or at least 95 %, or at least 97.5%, or at least 98%, or at least 98.5%, or at least 99%, or at least 99.5% by weight of thermoplastic polymer relative to the total weight of the powder of thermoplastic polymer of the invention.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder can comprise a single thermoplastic polymer, for example only a polyester, a polyolefin, a polyamide, a polyester, a PEBA or a PAEK.
- the powder according to the invention comprises several different polymers by at least one of their properties. These properties can be in particular the molar mass, the crystallinity, but also the thermal properties or even the particle size.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder has a viscosity of 0.65 to 1.50, preferably 0.85 to 1.40, and more preferably 1.00 to 1.30. These viscosity ranges are particularly advantageous and make it possible to obtain a good compromise to have both good coalescence properties during sintering (sufficiently low viscosity) and good mechanical properties of the sintered object (sufficiently high viscosity).
- thermoplastic polymer powder may comprise, in addition to the thermoplastic polymer(s), one or more usual additives and fillers.
- the additives generally represent less than 5% by weight relative to the total composition weight. Preferably, the additives represent less than 1% by weight of the total powder weight.
- the additives mention may be made of flow agents, stabilizing agents (light, in particular UV, and heat), optical brighteners, dyes, pigments, energy-absorbing additives (including UV absorbers) .
- the flow agent represents from 0.01 to 0.4% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.
- the powder composition does not include a flow agent.
- the thermoplastic polymer powder may also include one or more fillers.
- the fillers generally represent less than 50% by weight, and preferably less than 40% by weight relative to the total weight of final powder.
- reinforcing fillers in particular mineral fillers such as carbon black, talc, nanotubes, carbon or not, and fibers, in particular glass or carbon fibers, ground or not, or even glass in another form, for example in the form of flakes or balls, hollow or not.
- thermoplastic polymer powder can in particular be obtained by grinding thermoplastic polymer in the form of extruded granules or scales, according to conventional techniques.
- the grinding can be carried out on equipment known for this purpose, for example by means of a counter-rotating pin mill (pin mill), a hammer mill (hammer mill) or in a whirl mill.
- pin mill counter-rotating pin mill
- hammer mill hammer mill
- whirl mill a whirl mill
- the powder comprises several polymers and/or certain additives and/or certain reinforcing fillers, some or all of them may be incorporated by mixing in the molten state, for example by extrusion (compounding) and granulation followed by grinding of the granules.
- the flow agent is added by dry mixing.
- the process for manufacturing the composition of the powder comprises the steps of:
- thermoplastic polymer monomer(s) (i) Prepolymerization of the thermoplastic polymer monomer(s) and subsequent granulation;
- the additives and/or reinforcing fillers can then be added to the prepolymer, by melt mixing (compounding) or dry mixing, between step (i) and (ii), or subsequently, by dry mixing.
- the polymer powder composition as described above is useful in particular for being implemented in a 3D printing process by sintering.
- the composition of the invention is used in a selective laser sintering process (SLS, Selective Laser Sintering, in English), a sintering process of the MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) type or a sintering process of the HSS type. (High Speed Sintering).
- a thin layer of powder is deposited on a horizontal plate held in an enclosure heated to a temperature called the construction temperature.
- heating to the building temperature is carried out by means of IR radiation lamps, for example halogen lamps, which generally have an emission maximum at a wavelength between 750 nm and 1250 nm.
- the build temperature refers to the temperature to which the powder bed, of a constituent layer of a three-dimensional article under construction, is heated during the layer-by-layer sintering process of the powder.
- Electromagnetic radiation for example in the form of a laser, then provides the energy needed to sinter the powder particles at different points of the powder layer according to a geometry corresponding to an object, for example using a computer having in memory the shape of an object and restoring the latter in the form of slices. Then the horizontal plate is lowered by a height corresponding to the thickness of a layer of powder, and a new layer of powder is spread, heated and then sintered in the same way. The procedure is repeated until the object has been made.
- the layer of powder deposited on a horizontal plate can have, before sintering, for example a thickness of 20 to 200 ⁇ m, and preferably of 50 to 150 ⁇ m. After sintering, the thickness of the layer of agglomerated material is a little lower, and may for example have a thickness of 10 to 150 ⁇ m, and preferably from 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the entire layer of building material is exposed to radiation, but only a part covered with a melting agent is melted to become a layer of a 3D part.
- the melting agent is a compound capable of absorbing radiation and converting it into thermal energy, for example black ink. It is applied selectively to the selected region of the building material. The melting agent is able to penetrate the layer of the building material and transmits the absorbed energy to the neighboring building material, thereby causing it to melt or be sintered. By melting, bonding and subsequent hardening of each layer of the building material, the object is formed.
- a detailing agent is additionally added to the edges of the zone to be melted to allow the parts to have a better definition.
- the use of the polymer powder composition of the invention in these processes does not require any particular modification.
- it makes it possible to obtain parts with lower roughness and better definition.
- the polymer powder composition according to the invention can be recycled and reused in several successive constructions. In this case, it can be reused alone or mixed with other powders, whether recycled or not.
- thermoplastic polymer powder described in a method for constructing a three-dimensional object layer-by-layer by sintering caused by electromagnetic radiation in a device 1, such as the one schematized in Figure 1.
- the electromagnetic radiation may for example be infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, or preferably laser radiation.
- the electromagnetic radiation may comprise a combination of infrared radiation 100 and laser radiation 200.
- the sintering process is a layer-to-layer manufacturing process to construct an 80 three-dimensional object.
- the device 1 comprises a sintering chamber 10 in which are arranged a supply tray 40 containing the thermoplastic polymer powder and a movable horizontal plate 30.
- the horizontal plate 30 can also act as a support for the object three-dimensional 80 under construction.
- objects made from thermoplastic polymer powder generally do not need additional support and can generally be self-supported by unsintered powder from previous layers.
- thermoplastic polymer powder is taken from the supply tray 40 and deposited on the horizontal plate 30, forming a thin layer 50 of powder constituting the three-dimensional object 80 under construction.
- the layer of powder 50 is heated using infrared radiation 100 to reach a substantially uniform temperature equal to the predetermined minimum construction temperature Te.
- the energy required to sinter the thermoplastic polymer powder particles at different points of the powder layer 50 is then supplied by laser radiation 200 from the laser 20 moving in the plane (xy), according to a geometry corresponding to that of the object.
- the molten powder re-solidifies forming a sintered part 55 while the rest of the layer 50 remains in the form of unsintered powder 56.
- a single passage of a single laser radiation 200 is generally sufficient to ensure the sintering of the powder. Nevertheless, in certain embodiments, it is also possible to envisage several passages at the same place and/or several electromagnetic radiations reaching the same place to ensure the sintering of the powder.
- the horizontal plate 30 is lowered along the axis (z) by a distance corresponding to the thickness of a layer of powder, and a new layer is deposited.
- the laser 20 provides the energy needed to sinter the powder particles according to a geometry corresponding to this new slice of the object and so on. The procedure is repeated until object 80 has been produced.
- the temperature in the sintering chamber 10 of the layers lower than the layer being built can be lower than the construction temperature. However, this temperature generally remains above, or even well above, the glass transition temperature of the powder. It is particularly advantageous for the temperature of the bottom of the enclosure to be maintained at a temperature Tb, called “tank bottom temperature", such that Tb is less than Te by less than 40° C., preferably less than 25° C. C and more preferably less than 10°C.
- the object 80 is removed from the horizontal plate 30 and the unsintered powder 56 can be sieved before being returned, at least in part, to the supply bin 40 to serve as recycled powder.
- thermoplastic polymer powder allows the manufacture by 3D printing by sintering of parts which have properties, in particular mechanical properties, at least analogous to the parts obtained if not superior compared to conventional thermoplastic polymer powders.
- a polyamide 11 powder composition was prepared according to the following method.
- a polyamide 11 prepolymer was synthesized from 1.2 kg of amino-11-undecanoic acid in the presence of 0.5 kg of water, 5 g of hypophosphorous acid (titer 50%, expressed in% by weight in the aqueous solution) and 9.8 g of phosphoric acid (title 75%, expressed in% by weight in the aqueous solution).
- the mixture was heated to a temperature of 190°C in 2 hours with stirring as soon as the temperature reached 160°C or the pressure exceeded 8.5 bars.
- the prepolymer is extracted from the reactor under pressure through a die. It was then cooled using two steel rollers with circulation of cold water to be solidified, cooled and crushed into scales.
- the prepolymer thus obtained was mixed in a suitable container with 3.3 g of carbon black. This mixture was introduced into a twin-screw extruder to be melted and intimately mixed and then extruded. The mixture was then cooled using two steel rollers with circulation of cold water to be solidified and cooled and then crushed into scales.
- the additive prepolymer recovered in the form of flakes is then ground in a hammer mill equipped with an internal selector until a powder with a median diameter by volume Dv50 of 64 ⁇ m is obtained.
- the powder thus obtained is then subjected to solid phase polycondensation in a dryer at 140-155°C under vacuum in order to increase the inherent viscosity of the polyamide up to 1.15.
- the pigmented polyamide 11 powder obtained was then sieved using a RUSSEL type FINEX 22 ultrasonic swirling sieve, using an 80 ⁇ m square mesh.
- the particle size of the powders was characterized by measuring the particle size distribution on a Coulter Counter-Multisizer 3 device (Beckmann Coulter) in application of the ISO 13319-1:2021 standard. From this, the mean diameter and the diameter corresponding to the 1st , 5th and 9th deciles of the distribution were determined, then the span was calculated according to the following formula:
- the apparent density of the powder d p was measured in application of the ISO 787-11:1981 standard using a 250 mL precision glass test tube graduated from 2 to 2 mL and comprising a non-graduated upper part of at least 50 mL.
- the powder is introduced slowly into the test tube inclined at 45°, a volume of powder comprised between 220 and 250 ml. This volume of powder is then weighed in order to calculate the apparent density and then divided by the density of the water to deduce its density.
- the density of the material d m was measured after melting the powder under a heating press (T > T f + 40° C. and pressure of 2 tonnes).
- the density of the film obtained is measured by vertical thrust in water (21°C) according to the ISO 1183-1 standard using a Sartorius AC 210P hydrostatic balance with kit of density YDK 01.
- the ratio d between the apparent density d p of the powder and the density of the material d m measured on the powder after melting was calculated according to the following formula:
- the polymer powder obtained was then used to manufacture by 3D printing by sintering, more specifically by SLS, a 1 BA XY specimen (1 BA specimen according to the ISO 527-1 BA standard, called "XY" because printed in the horizontal plane of the printer) by laser sintering on a P100 machine (marketed by the company EOS) by adjusting the thickness of the powder layer to 100 ⁇ m and using the following set of parameters: [T able 3]
- the specimens are also characterized by their upper and lower surface roughness by means of the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the surface profile of a sample according to the ISO4287:1997 standard, using a PERTHOMETER S8P device (the result corresponds to the average of three values taken on three different base lengths).
- the PA11 powder prepared in example C2 is sieved using a RUSSEL type FINEX 22 ultrasonic swirl sieve, using an 80 ⁇ m square mesh.
- the particle size characteristics of the polyamide 11 powder obtained were determined as indicated in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 1 above. Furthermore, the density of the material was measured as explained in Example 1 (see Table 2 above).
- test pieces as indicated in example 1. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- the prepolymer recovered in the form of flakes is then ground in a hammer mill equipped with an internal selector while using a second dynamic selector at the outlet in order to eliminate the finest particles until a powder with a median diameter in Dv50 volume of 82pm.
- the powder thus obtained is then subjected to solid phase polycondensation in a dryer at 140-155°C under vacuum in order to increase the inherent viscosity of the polyamide up to 1.10.
- the powder thus obtained is sieved using a RUSSEL ultrasonic unclogging sifter with ultrasonic declogging type FINEX 22, using a square mesh of 80 ⁇ m.
- the particle size characteristics of the polyamide 12 powder obtained were determined as indicated in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 1 above. Furthermore, the density of the material was measured as explained in Example 1 (see Table 2 above).
- the powder obtained is used to manufacture test specimens as indicated in example 1, using the following set of parameters:
- a polyamide 11 powder composition was prepared according to the following method.
- the prepolymer recovered in the form of flakes is then ground in a hammer mill fitted with an internal selector until a powder with a median diameter by volume Dv50 of 74 ⁇ m is obtained.
- the powder thus obtained is then subjected to polycondensation in the solid phase in a dryer at 140-155°C under vacuum in order to increase the viscosity of the polyamide up to 1.18.
- test pieces as indicated in example 1. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- the PA11 prepolymer recovered in the form of scales from example C1 is ground with the same grinding parameters as C1 while using a second dynamic selector at the outlet in order to eliminate the finest particles until a powder having a volume median diameter Dv50 of 91 ⁇ m.
- the powder thus obtained is then subjected to polycondensation in the solid phase in a dryer at 140-155°C under vacuum in order to increase the viscosity of the polyamide up to 1.16.
- a PA11 powder having the particle size characteristics indicated in Table 1 above is obtained.
- test pieces as indicated in example 1. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- the PA11 powder prepared according to Example C1 is sieved using a RUSSEL type FINEX 22 ultrasonic unclogging nutating sieve, using an 80 ⁇ m square mesh. A PA11 powder having the particle size characteristics indicated in Table 1 above is obtained.
- Example C4 The powder obtained is used to manufacture test pieces as indicated in example 1. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- Example C4 The powder obtained is used to manufacture test pieces as indicated in example 1. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- Polyamide 12 granules (Rilsamid® AECNO TL marketed by Arkema) are extruded using a die to obtain fibers with a diameter of 60 ⁇ m which are cooled so that they can be micro-granulated over a length of 70 ⁇ m.
- the polyamide powder thus obtained has an inherent viscosity of 1.09.
- the particle size characteristics of the polyamide 12 powder obtained were determined as indicated in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 1 above. Furthermore, the density of the material was measured as explained in Example 1 (see Table 2 above).
- test pieces as indicated in example 3. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- a polyamide 12.12 powder was obtained according to example 1 of patent CN104356643B.
- the particle size characteristics of the polyamide 12.12 powder obtained were determined as indicated in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 1 above. Furthermore, the density of the material was measured as explained in Example 1 (see Table 2 above).
- test pieces as indicated in example 3. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
- Example 1212 powder prepared according to Example C5 (Example 1 of patent CN104356643B) is sieved using a RUSSEL type FINEX 22 ultrasonic swirling sieve, using an 80 ⁇ m square mesh and then subjected to defining.
- the particle size characteristics of the polyamide 12.12 powder obtained were determined as indicated in Example 1. The results are collated in Table 1 above. Furthermore, the density of the material was measured as explained in Example 1 (see Table 2 above).
- test pieces as indicated in example 3. These test pieces are then characterized by their surface roughness on the top and on the bottom. The results are collated in Table 2 above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111866A FR3128959B1 (fr) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Poudre polymère pour la fabrication de pièces de haute définition et de faible rugosité |
| PCT/EP2022/081129 WO2023083809A1 (fr) | 2021-11-09 | 2022-11-08 | Poudre polymère pour la fabrication de pièces de haute définition et de faible rugosité |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4430108A1 true EP4430108A1 (fr) | 2024-09-18 |
Family
ID=80447731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22814354.1A Pending EP4430108A1 (fr) | 2021-11-09 | 2022-11-08 | Poudre polymère pour la fabrication de pièces de haute définition et de faible rugosité |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4430108A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024540414A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128959B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023083809A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5648450A (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1997-07-15 | Dtm Corporation | Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therein |
| US5527877A (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1996-06-18 | Dtm Corporation | Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith |
| FR2846333B1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-12-03 | Atofina | Augmentation du point de fusion et de l'enthalpie de fusion des polyamides par un traitement a l'eau |
| DE10334497A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Degussa Ag | Polymerpulver mit phosphonatbasierendem Flammschutzmittel, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Formkörper, hergestellt aus diesem Polymerpulver |
| DE102004020453A1 (de) | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-24 | Degussa Ag | Polymerpulver mit Polyamid, Verwendung in einem formgebenden Verfahren und Formkörper, hergestellt aus diesem Polymerpulver |
| DE102007016656B4 (de) | 2007-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | PAEK-Pulver, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102008000755B4 (de) * | 2008-03-19 | 2019-12-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Copolyamidpulver und dessen Herstellung, Verwendung von Copolyamidpulver in einem formgebenden Verfahren und Formkörper, hergestellt aus diesem Copolyamidpulver |
| FR2939075B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-12-17 | Rhodia Operations | Realisation d'article par fusion selective de couches de poudre de polymere |
| DE102010062347A1 (de) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-12-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Polymerpulver auf der Basis von Polyamiden, Verwendung in einem formgebenden Verfahren und Formkörper, hergestellt aus diesem Polymerpulver |
| CA2812758C (fr) | 2010-09-27 | 2019-02-26 | Arkema Inc. | Poudres de polymeres traitees thermiquement |
| CN104356643B (zh) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-01-25 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | 一种激光烧结用尼龙1212粉末的制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-11-09 FR FR2111866A patent/FR3128959B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-11-08 EP EP22814354.1A patent/EP4430108A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-11-08 WO PCT/EP2022/081129 patent/WO2023083809A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-08 JP JP2024527170A patent/JP2024540414A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024540414A (ja) | 2024-10-31 |
| WO2023083809A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| FR3128959B1 (fr) | 2025-05-23 |
| FR3128959A1 (fr) | 2023-05-12 |
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