EP4416688A1 - Verfahren zum lokalisieren eines anhängers, verarbeitungseinheit und fahrzeug - Google Patents
Verfahren zum lokalisieren eines anhängers, verarbeitungseinheit und fahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4416688A1 EP4416688A1 EP22783343.1A EP22783343A EP4416688A1 EP 4416688 A1 EP4416688 A1 EP 4416688A1 EP 22783343 A EP22783343 A EP 22783343A EP 4416688 A1 EP4416688 A1 EP 4416688A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- trailer
- model
- representation
- determined
- model data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
- G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
- G06T7/75—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods involving models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T19/00—Manipulating three-dimensional [3D] models or images for computer graphics
- G06T19/20—Editing of three-dimensional [3D] images, e.g. changing shapes or colours, aligning objects or positioning parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/13—Edge detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/579—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from motion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10024—Color image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30241—Trajectory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
- G06T2207/30252—Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2219/00—Indexing scheme for manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T2219/20—Indexing scheme for editing of 3D models
- G06T2219/2004—Aligning objects, relative positioning of parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2219/00—Indexing scheme for manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T2219/20—Indexing scheme for editing of 3D models
- G06T2219/2016—Rotation, translation, scaling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for locating a trailer, a processing unit for carrying out the method and a vehicle with the processing unit.
- the exact localization of a trailer in an environment around a towing vehicle is crucial, for example to be able to plan an exact trajectory when approaching or coupling, or to estimate a kink angle between the already coupled trailer and the towing vehicle, e.g. for stability functions.
- To localize the trailer it is necessary to determine a trailer position and/or a trailer orientation, i.e. a trailer pose, of the respective trailer in three-dimensional space, which is conventionally carried out using appropriate sensors and/or image processing.
- QR codes or Aruco markers additional flat maker structures
- the structure of the scene can be determined in 3D using photogrammetric methods with the aid of a monocular camera by the forward or backward movement of a vehicle on which the camera is mounted (so-called Structure from Motion (SfM)).
- DE 10 2016 01 1 324 A1, DE 10 2018 1 14 730 A1, WO 2018/210990 A1 or DE 10 2017 119 968 A1 describes, for example, that a trailer position and a trailer orientation of the respective object or the trailer are relative to the camera or the towing vehicle using image processing work. Depending on this, for example, a kink angle or a distance can be determined.
- the trailer pose can also be determined with a mono camera by locating at least three markers, which are preferably applied flatly on the trailer, in a recorded individual image and, knowing the marker positions on the trailer, determining a transformation matrix from which the pendant pose can be derived.
- a detection of an articulation angle via a camera is also described in US 2014 200759 A, with a flat marker on the trailer being observed from the towing vehicle over time and the articulation angle being estimated from this.
- JP 2002 012 172 A, US2014277942A1, US 2008231701 A and US 2017106796 A also describe a kink angle detection as a function of flat markers.
- coupling points can carry a marker for easier automatic recognition.
- the marker can have a specific color, texture, or wave reflection property.
- DE 10 2004 025 252 B4 also describes determining the kink angle in that a transmitter sends radiation onto a semicircular or hemispherical reflector and the radiation reflected by it is then detected.
- DE 103 025 45 A1 also describes detecting a clutch using an object detection algorithm.
- EP 3 180 769 B1 also describes capturing the back of a trailer using cameras and recognizing features that can be tracked from the image, e.g. an edge or corner. These are then tracked over time in order in particular to deduce a kink angle between the towing vehicle and the trailer.
- US 2018 039 266 A additionally describes accessing information from a two-dimensional barcode or QR code.
- a QR code can also be read with a camera to identify the trailer and trailer parameters to a pass on reversing assistance.
- an RFID reader located on the trailer can read an RFID transponder that is attached to the towing vehicle, for example in the form of a label. This allows a position of the QR code or the RFID transponder to be calculated. An orientation is not determined.
- a solution using radio-based transponders is also provided in WO1 8060192A1.
- DE 10 2006 040 879 B4 also uses RFID elements on the trailer for triangulation when approaching.
- WO 2008064892 A1 provides an observation element that has at least three auxiliary points or measurement points that can be recognized by a camera.
- the coordinates or vectors of the focal points of the auxiliary points are determined from geometric considerations and from this the coordinates of the measuring points relative to the camera or to the image sensor.
- a kink angle can be determined from this.
- the object of the invention is to specify a method with which almost any trailer can be localized in an area with little structural effort and low cost.
- the task is also to specify a processing unit and a vehicle. This object is solved by a method, a processing unit and a vehicle according to the independent claims.
- the dependent claims indicate preferred developments.
- a method for locating a trailer in the vicinity of a towing vehicle, in particular in the rear area is provided with at least the following steps:
- a feature representation from the at least one read-in single image using an image processing algorithm, with defined features of the trailer to be localized being reproduced in the feature representation, i.e. a representation is generated from the two-dimensional scene representation in which only specific features (spatial character, edges, intensity values, etc.) of the scene are displayed, it being possible for this display to be two-dimensional or three-dimensional;
- the trailer pose of the trailer to be localized is determined from the then set model pose.
- the trailer model that is read in is thus essentially brought into line with the previously generated feature representation from the scene representation by a corresponding movement (translation, rotation, if necessary scaling) in two or three dimensions, i.e. both representations are within one Tolerance or superimposed as best as possible.
- the then existing or set position and orientation of the trailer model is adopted accordingly for the trailer shown in the respective individual image. Therefore, advantageously, only a monocular camera is required, with which the two-dimensional images can be recorded, as well as a corresponding image processing algorithm and a database with correspondingly stored trailer models, from which the trailer position and trailer orientation or the trailer Pose can be derived immediately after fitting or fitting from geometric considerations. Therefore, no additional markers on the respective trailer or complex sensors on the towing vehicle are required, so that flexible use without the need for complex retrofitting is given.
- a processing unit and a vehicle with such a processing unit are also provided.
- a point cloud representation is determined as the feature representation, with the point cloud representation containing a point cloud made up of a number of object points, with the object points at least also being associated with the trailer (and possibly also other objects ) are assigned in the environment.
- At least the trailer is therefore preferably represented in the point cloud representation by its three-dimensional trailer shape or its three-dimensional character as a defined feature, which subsequently enables a clear identification of the trailer or a comparison with the imported trailer model.
- a number of spatial details or characteristics of the trailer can also be displayed in a point cloud.
- the point cloud of the point cloud representation is determined using an SfM algorithm, with depth information being determined from at least two individual images read in via the SfM algorithm by triangulation to a number of object points on the trailer and from the multiple Object points depending on the determined depth information, the point cloud is generated.
- SfM Structure from Motion
- the procedure is then preferably that a 3D model data set is read in as the model data set, with the respective trailer model being described three-dimensionally in the 3D model data set by model points.
- the imported trailer model is also available in three dimensions, so that fitting can take place in the same (three-dimensional) coordinate system and spatial details can be brought into line accordingly.
- This can then be done in a simple manner, for example, in that the model points of the respective 3D model data set are brought into overlap with the object points in the point cloud representation, preferably within a tolerance, for fitting the respective trailer model into the determined point cloud representation.
- an edge representation is determined as the feature representation, with at least trailer edges also being reproduced in the edge representation as defined features of the trailer to be localized.
- This embodiment can be used as an alternative or in addition to another embodiment of the feature representation, for example as redundancy or for plausibility checking. Accordingly, the mapped trailer edges are considered as features, which subsequently enables the trailer to be unambiguously identified or compared with the read-in trailer model in a simple manner.
- a corresponding edge representation in two dimensions (or three dimensions), which can be used for the subsequent localization process, can therefore be generated by simple image processing from just one (or more) individual images recorded by a monocular camera.
- an edge model data record is read in as the model data record, with the respective trailer model being described in the edge model data record by model edges that are characteristic of the simulated trailer model. Edges are thus compared with one another and essentially brought into agreement or overlapping for fitting or fitting the trailer model into the edge representation.
- the edge model data set can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, whereby both should preferably have the same dimensionality in order to enable a coordinate transformation (3D 2D) to avoid.
- an intensity representation is determined as the feature representation, with trailer intensity values at least also being displayed in a spatially resolved manner in the intensity representation as defined features of the trailer to be localized.
- This embodiment can be used as an alternative or in addition to another embodiment of the feature representation, for example as redundancy or for plausibility checking. Accordingly, at least the intensity values associated with one or more object points on the tag are considered in the corresponding color space.
- the tag intensity values relate, for example, to one or more specific color channels, ie in the RGB color space Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B), or in the CMYK color space Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow ( Y) and the black component (K).
- a color value of the respective hue can also be recorded with the same effect.
- the reproduced trailer model is shown scaled in the respective model data record, for example by storing the dimensions of the respectively reproduced trailer model.
- the scaling is relevant, for example, so that the trailer to be localized can be found more easily in the respective model data record based on its size (too small or too large) and the distance to the localized trailer can be better estimated or calculated .can be taken into account.
- the scaling of the trailer model can be taken into account accordingly when approaching.
- a model orientation and/or a model position and/or a model pose of the respective trailer model takes place by applying a geometric transformation to the respectively read model data set.
- the details stored in the respective model data record are thus “moved” by a geometric transformation in the corresponding coordinate system, i.e. shifted and/or rotated and /or scaled, whereby this "movement" can be described by the geometric transformation.
- the trailer orientation of the trailer to be localized and/or the trailer position of the trailer to be localized and/or the trailer pose of the trailer to be localized can subsequently be determined in a simple manner from that geometric transformation in the application of which the respective trailer Model is fitted into the identified feature representation. From the transformation, the orientation or position or pose that is present in each case follows from geometric considerations, in particular also a calibration of the respective camera. It is preferably also provided that the respective trailer model is fitted into the determined feature representation in several iteration steps, the model orientation and/or the model position and/or the model pose of the respective trailer model being in the respective iteration steps is changed iteratively.
- the search or fitting can take place in different resolution levels (keyword image pyramid). Therefore, an iterative process is used in order to be able to bring the trailer model in the respective model data record essentially into agreement with the respective feature representation as quickly and easily as possible.
- an average distance between the trailer model of the respective model data record and the respectively assigned features in the respective feature representation falls below a limit distance. If the exit criterion is met, it is assumed that the trailer model is essentially fitted or fitted into the respective feature representation. As a result, small deviations are accepted in order not to prolong the iterative process too much in terms of time and thus complete the localization more quickly without impairing the accuracy of the method too much, with the accuracy being able to be adapted by appropriately defining the iterative parameters.
- a chassis and / or a structure and/or a coupling can be modeled. Therefore, the entire trailer does not necessarily have to be reproduced in detail, but only distinctive or characteristic features with which a trailer can be clearly identified. As a result, the amount of data can be reduced and an exact localization can still be carried out, which can be used for subsequent processes.
- FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of one in two individual images of a single one
- FIG. 1a shows a schematic plan view of a vehicle 1, which consists of a towing vehicle 1a and a trailer 1b, with the trailer 1b not being coupled to the towing vehicle 1a in the situation shown.
- the trailer 1b can be coupled to the towing vehicle 1a by the towing vehicle 1 a moves along a fixed trajectory J.
- the trailer 1b can also be coupled, as shown in FIG. 1b, and using the method according to the invention, for example, a kink angle KW between the trailer 1b and the towing vehicle 1a can be determined.
- a camera system 2 is provided on the towing vehicle 1a, which has at least one camera 2a, in particular in a monocular design, with which an environment U, in particular behind the towing vehicle 1a, can be recorded.
- a field of view 4 of the at least one camera 2a is therefore aligned in particular to a rear area R behind the towing vehicle 1a.
- the camera(s) 2a can be designed, for example, as a fisheye camera(s), each of which has a viewing area 4 with a viewing angle of equal to or greater than 170° can cover or can.
- Image signals SB output by the respective camera 2a are optionally pre-processed and output to a processing unit 5, e.g. 2 carry out exemplary methods for locating a trailer 1b.
- a processing unit 5 e.g. 2 carry out exemplary methods for locating a trailer 1b.
- a processing unit 5 e.g. 2 carry out exemplary methods for locating a trailer 1b.
- the individual images EBk therefore contain a 2D representation of the current scene (scene representation in two dimensions).
- a feature representation FD is then generated from this at least one individual image EBk using a selected image processing algorithm A.
- a feature representation FD is understood to mean a representation in which only fixed or defined features F (features) of the depicted scene are reproduced.
- the feature representation FD is therefore to be understood as a subset of the scene representation, this subset being generated by the respective image processing algorithm A from the at least one individual image EBk.
- Different exemplary embodiments can be used as image processing algorithms A for determining or generating a feature representation FD:
- SfM algorithm AS SfM: Structure-from-Motion
- these at least two individual images EBk can be used in a first SfM step STS1 to obtain depth information Tin for object points POn (see FIG. 3) recorded or depicted in the individual images EBk, which correspond to a specific object O in the Environment U are assigned to be won.
- Depth information Tin is extracted via the SfM algorithm AS by recording an object point POn on the respective object O from at least two different viewpoints SP1, SP2 using the same camera 2a, as indicated in FIG.
- the depth information Tin with regard to each object point POn recorded in pairs can then be obtained by triangulation T.
- image coordinates xB, yB in a two-dimensional coordinate system K2D (see Fig. 4) become at least one first single-image pixel EB1 P1 in a first single image EB1 and at least one first single-image pixel EB2P1 in a second single image EB2 of the same Camera 2a determined.
- the two individual images EB1, EB2 are recorded by the camera 2a at different positions SP1, SP2, ie the towing vehicle 1a or the camera 2a moves between the individual images EB1, EB2 by a base length L.
- the two first individual image pixels EB1 P1, EB2P1 are selected in the respective individual images EB1, EB2 in a known manner in such a way that they are assigned to the same object point POn on the object O that is imaged in each case.
- the absolute, actual object coordinates xO, yO, zO ( World coordinates) of the or the respective object points POn of the three-dimensional object O are calculated or estimated.
- a correspondingly determined base length L between the positions SP1, SP2 of the camera 2a is used, for example from movement data of the towing vehicle 1a or the camera 2a.
- the movement data is not available, it is also possible to use visual odometry, i.e. "visually" to determine the movement data from the individual images EBk in the course of the SfM algorithm AS.
- visual odometry i.e. "visually" to determine the movement data from the individual images EBk in the course of the SfM algorithm AS.
- the movement of the camera 2a is estimated using time-tracked feature points or object points POn from individual images EBk.
- a three-dimensional point cloud PW can be generated from a number of object points POn in actual object coordinates xO, yO, zO (world coordinates). dinates) are generated to describe the respective object O in three-dimensional space. Since a trailer 1b is to be recognized and localized in the method according to the invention, at least object points POn are also determined by the SfM algorithm AS and these are displayed as a three-dimensional cloud of points PW, which are assigned to a trailer 1b as object O in the environment U .
- a point cloud representation FDPW in three-dimensional space is generated as a feature representation FD from the two-dimensional representation of the scene (scene representation in the individual images EBk).
- This point cloud representation FDPW contains at least those object points POn that lie on the trailer 1b that is shown and that is to be localized, for example on the side surfaces of the trailer 1b.
- the three-dimensional character or the three-dimensional trailer shape AF of the trailer 1b that is depicted and to be localized is thus reproduced as a defined feature F by the point cloud PW.
- Model data records Dp are read in, with a specific trailer model AMp being reproduced in each model data record Dp.
- the respective trailer model AMp is simulated using the features F considered in the respective exemplary embodiment a 3D model data record D3Dp is read.
- each 3D model data set D3Dp at least the three-dimensional character or the three-dimensional shape of the relevant trailer Model AMP reproduced as a model.
- only those spatial details that are specific to the respective trailer model AMp can be simulated, for example a chassis 21 and/or a body 22 and/or a coupling 23 of the respectively simulated trailer model AMp.
- the respective 3D model data set D3Dp can reveal whether the respective modeled trailer has a box-shaped structure 22a with or without an additional cooling unit 22b or a silo-shaped structure 22c or a platform-shaped structure 22d, i.e. via the 3D model data set D3Dp a refrigerated trailer or a normal box trailer or a tank trailer or a flatbed trailer, etc. is modeled.
- the respective 3D model data set D3Dp can show whether the simulated trailer model AMp has a container chassis 21a (without body) and/or how many vehicle axles 21b are arranged on the chassis 21.
- the respective 3D model data set D3Dp can contain whether the respective simulated trailer model AMp has a drawbar coupling 23a (rigid or flexible) or a kingpin 23b as coupling 23 .
- a fourth step ST4 it is subsequently checked whether one of the read-in model data sets Dp or 3D model data sets D3Dp can be fitted into the generated point cloud PW from the point cloud representation FDPW.
- a model-based comparison is therefore carried out, in which an attempt is made to fit a defined trailer model AMp into the generated point cloud PW.
- the trailer model AMp reproduced in the respective 3D model data set D3Dp is scaled in several iteration steps STI by a geometric transformation TG and/or "moved" by translation and/or rotation such that the trailer model AMp with the point cloud PW representing the three-dimensional tag shape AF are essentially the same.
- the search or fitting can take place in different resolution levels (keyword image pyramid).
- a model position MP and a model orientation MO (cf. model pose MPO) of the respective trailer model AMp are successively changed.
- This can be done, for example, in that the model points PMq in the respective 3D model data set D3Dp are made to overlap with the object points POn in the point cloud representation FDPW, i.e. the model coordinates xM, yM, zM of the model Points PMq are iteratively brought into agreement by a translation and/or a rotation with the object coordinates xO, yO, zO of the object points POn, the simulated form of the trailer model AMp being retained and possibly scaled.
- An exit or exit criterion EK can be defined for the iterative process for fitting or fitting the trailer model AMp into the point cloud PW, and the iterative process is terminated when this criterion is present becomes.
- the exit criterion EK can be present, for example, when a specific iteration number IA of iteration steps STI has been carried out, ie the trailer model AMp has been moved in IA different model poses MOP.
- it can be provided to determine an average distance DM between the model points PMq describing the trailer model AMp and the object points POn forming the point cloud PW, which are assigned to the trailer 1b to be localized, from the respective coordinates . If this average distance DM falls below a limit distance DG, the exit criterion EK is met and the iterative process is terminated.
- the model position MP or the model orientation MO or the model pose MPO of the trailer model AMp can be determined.
- the trailer position AP or the trailer orientation AO or the trailer pose APO of the trailer 1b follows directly from geometric considerations and with a corresponding calibration of the camera 2a, i.e. knowing the exact position of the camera 2a in space relative to the towing vehicle 1a. The trailer 1b can therefore be located above it.
- the trailer pose APO can then be used in a sixth step ST6 for different applications, for example for an automated approach and/or coupling of the trailer 1b along a specified trajectory J or to determine a kink angle KW between the trailer 1b and the towing vehicle 1a with an already existing coupling connection.
- AS is a relative movement for the SfM algorithm between the towing vehicle 1a and the trailer 1b is necessary in order to obtain different positions SP1, SP2 of the camera 2a.
- an edge representation FDK can be generated as a feature representation FD from the scene representation or the read individual images EBk, with an edge algorithm AK, e.g. a Canny, Sobel, Prewitt, etc. algorithm, trailer edges AE can be recognized in at least one of the read-in individual images EBk.
- the edge representation FDK then contains at least trailer edges AE as defined features F, which are assigned to the trailer 1b shown or which lie on the trailer 1b shown in each case and characterize it.
- the edge representation FDK is preferably present in a two-dimensional coordinate system K2D, insofar as only one read-in individual image EBk of the camera 2a is accessed. With a corresponding design of the camera 2a and/or the image processing, a three-dimensional edge representation FDK can in principle also be present.
- an edge model data record DKp is read in as a model data record Dp, in which a specific trailer model AMp is simulated, in which in particular the model edges ME. characteristic of the respective trailer model AMp are shown as features.
- the model edges ME of the trailer model AMp can be present either in a two-dimensional coordinate system K2D or in a three-dimensional coordinate system K3D.
- only those details can be contained in the edge model data record DKp that are specific to the respective trailer model AMp, for example the model edges ME in the area of the chassis 21 and/or the body 22 and/or or the clutch 23 of the replicated trailer model AMp.
- a check is then carried out for this exemplary embodiment to determine whether one of the read-in edge model data sets DKp can be fitted into the identified trailer edges AE from the edge representation FDK.
- a model-based comparison is therefore carried out, in which an attempt is made to fit a defined trailer model AMp into the generated edge representation FDK.
- the trailer model AMp reproduced in the respective edge model data set DKp is scaled in several iteration steps STI by a geometric transformation TG and/or "moved" by translation and/or rotation in such a way that the model edges ME of the trailer Model AMP essentially match or overlap with the trailer edges AE from the edge representation FDK.
- the search or fitting can take place in different resolution levels (keyword image pyramid).
- a model position MP and a model orientation MO cf. model pose MPO
- An exit criterion EK for the iterative process can also be defined in this exemplary embodiment, for example exceeding a specified number of iterations IA and/or falling below a specified average distance DM between the model edges ME and the trailer edges AE limit distance DG.
- the geometric transformation TG which moves and/or rotates the model edges ME from the edge model data set DKp to the trailer edges AE from the trailer model AMp, can be used /or scaled, the model position MP or the model orientation MO or the model pose MPO of the trailer model AMp are determined in a fifth step ST5.
- the trailer position AP or the trailer orientation AO or the trailer pose APO of the trailer 1b follows directly from geometrical considerations and with a corresponding calibration of the camera 2a, ie knowing the precise position of the camera 2a in space relative to the towing vehicle 1a.
- the trailer 1b can therefore also be localized, which can be further used in the sixth step ST6 for the corresponding application.
- an intensity representation FDI can be generated as a feature representation FD from the scene representation or the read-in individual images EBk, with this being done in the second step ST2 in at least one of the read-in individual images EBk by an intensity algorithm AI trailer
- Intensity values AW are detected in a spatially resolved manner, i.e. the intensity values assigned to one or more object points POn on the trailer 1b in the corresponding color space.
- the tag intensity values AW relate, for example, to one or more specific color channels, i.e. red (R), green (G), blue (B) in the RGB color space, or cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow in the CMYK color space (Y) and the black component (K).
- RGB red
- M magenta
- Y CMYK color space
- K black component
- the intensity representation FDI then also contains at least spatially resolved trailer intensity values AW as defined features F, which are assigned to the trailer 1b shown or which characterize the trailer 1b shown in each case.
- the intensity display FDI is preferably present in a two-dimensional coordinate system K2D, insofar as only one single image EBk of the camera 2a that has been read in is used. With a corresponding design of the camera 2a and/or the image processing, a three-dimensional intensity representation FDI can also be present.
- an intensity model data record Dip is read in as model data record Dp, in which a specific trailer model AMp is simulated MW are spatially resolved as features.
- the model intensity values MW of the trailer model AMp can be present either in a two-dimensional coordinate system K2D or in a three-dimensional coordinate system K3D. In this way, a trailer model AMP can be differentiated or specified based on its color design.
- a check is then carried out for this exemplary embodiment to determine whether one of the intensity model data records Dip that has been read in or the model intensity values MW contained therein can be brought into agreement with the identified trailer intensity values AW from the intensity representation FDI.
- a model-based comparison is therefore carried out, in which an attempt is made to fit a defined trailer model AMp into the generated intensity representation FDI.
- the trailer model AMp reproduced in the respective intensity model data set Dip is scaled in several iteration steps STI by a geometric transformation TG and/or "moved" by translation and/or rotation in such a way that the spatially resolved model intensity values MW des trailer model AMP with the likewise locally determined trailer intensity values AW from the intensity sity representation FDI essentially match or are brought into overlap.
- the search or fitting can take place in different resolution levels (keyword image pyramid).
- a model position MP and a model orientation MO cf. model pose MPO
- An exit criterion EK for the iterative process can also be defined in this exemplary embodiment, for example exceeding a specified number of iterations IA and/or falling below the average distance DM (in terms of value) between the model intensity values MW and the trailer intensity values AW below a specified limit distance DG (in terms of values).
- the model position MP or the model orientation MO or the model pose MPO of the trailer model AMp are determined in a fifth step ST5.
- the trailer position AP or the trailer orientation AO or the trailer pose APO of the trailer 1b follows directly from geometrical considerations and with a corresponding calibration of the camera 2a, ie knowing the precise position of the camera 2a in space relative to the towing vehicle 1 a.
- the trailer 1b can therefore also be localized, which can be further used in the sixth step ST6 for the corresponding application.
- All of the specified embodiments can be used as an alternative or in addition to one another, for example in order to set up redundancies or to be able to carry out a plausibility check.
- a trailer 1b can be localized from the same scene representation (single images EBk) with different image processing algorithms A.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021126814.1A DE102021126814A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Verfahren zum Lokalisieren eines Anhängers, Verarbeitungseinheit und Fahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2022/076556 WO2023061732A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-09-23 | Verfahren zum lokalisieren eines anhängers, verarbeitungseinheit und fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4416688A1 true EP4416688A1 (de) | 2024-08-21 |
Family
ID=83546853
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22783343.1A Pending EP4416688A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-09-23 | Verfahren zum lokalisieren eines anhängers, verarbeitungseinheit und fahrzeug |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240412410A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4416688A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117999579A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021126814A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023061732A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021106670A1 (de) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | Zf Cv Systems Europe Bv | Verfahren und Umfeld-Erfassungssystem zum Erzeugen eines Umgebungsbildes eines mehrgliedrigen Gesamtfahrzeugs |
| JP2023144981A (ja) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置、画像処理方法、及びコンピュータプログラム |
| CN116424327B (zh) * | 2023-04-25 | 2025-07-22 | 九曜智能科技(浙江)有限公司 | 牵引车和被牵引目标的对接方法和电子设备 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002012172A (ja) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-15 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | トレーラ連結角検出装置 |
| DE10302545A1 (de) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Automatisches Ankuppel bzw. Andocken mittels 2D- und 3D-Bildsensorik |
| DE102004008928A1 (de) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zum Ankuppeln eines Anhängers unter Einsatz einer Fahrzeugniveauregulierung |
| DE102004025252B4 (de) | 2004-05-22 | 2009-07-09 | Daimler Ag | Anordnung zur Bestimmung des Gespannwinkels eines Gliederzugs |
| WO2006042665A1 (de) | 2004-10-15 | 2006-04-27 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur bestimmung von deichsel- und trailerwinkel |
| DE102006040879B4 (de) | 2006-08-31 | 2019-04-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Einpark- und Rückfahrhilfe |
| DE102006056408B4 (de) | 2006-11-29 | 2013-04-18 | Universität Koblenz-Landau | Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Position, Vorrichtung und Computerprogrammprodukt |
| GB2447672B (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2011-12-14 | Ford Global Tech Llc | Vehicle manoeuvring aids |
| DE102008045436A1 (de) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Knickwinkels zwischen einem Zugfahrzeug und einem Anhänger |
| US8693634B2 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2014-04-08 | Hologic Inc | System and method for generating enhanced density distribution in a three dimensional model of a structure for use in skeletal assessment using a limited number of two-dimensional views |
| US9085261B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2015-07-21 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Rear vision system with trailer angle detection |
| US9335162B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2016-05-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Trailer length estimation in hitch angle applications |
| DE102012006206B4 (de) | 2012-03-27 | 2022-11-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung einer drohenden Kollision zwischen einem Zugfahrzeug und seinem Anhänger |
| GB2513393B (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2016-02-03 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Vehicle hitch assistance system |
| GB2526342A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-25 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Point cloud matching method |
| US9437055B2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2016-09-06 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | Cabin and trailer body movement determination with camera at the back of the cabin |
| US10384607B2 (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2019-08-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Trailer backup assist system with hitch angle offset estimation |
| DE102016209418A1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Betreiben eines Gespanns mittels Vermessung der relativen Lage eines Informationsträgers über eine Ausleseeinrichtung |
| US10073451B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2018-09-11 | Denso International America, Inc. | Safety verifying system and method for verifying tractor-trailer combination |
| DE102016011324A1 (de) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-22 | Wabco Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Zugfahrzeugs bei dessen Heranfahren und Ankuppeln an ein Anhängerfahrzeug |
| DE102016218603A1 (de) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-03-29 | Jost-Werke Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Positionserkennung eines ersten oder zweiten miteinander zu kuppelnden Fahrzeugs |
| DE102017208055A1 (de) | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Neigung eines kippbaren Anbaugerätes eines Fahrzeugs |
| IT201700054083A1 (it) | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-18 | Cnh Ind Italia Spa | Sistema e metodo di collegamento automatico tra trattore ed attrezzo |
| US10346705B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2019-07-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for estimating articulation angle |
| DE102017119968B4 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-06-18 | Saf-Holland Gmbh | Anhänger und System zur Identifikation eines Anhängers und zur Unterstützung eines Ankupplungsprozesses an eine Zugmaschine |
| DE102018204981A1 (de) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Knickwinkels und Fahrzeugsystem |
| CN111366938B (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2023-03-14 | 北京图森智途科技有限公司 | 一种挂车夹角的测量方法、装置及车辆 |
| US11358637B2 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-06-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for determining a trailer hitch articulation angle in a motor vehicle |
| DE102020106304A1 (de) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-09 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Verfahren zum Steuern eines Fahrzeuges auf einem Betriebshof, Fahrt- Steuereinheit und Fahrzeug |
| DE102020108416A1 (de) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Pose eines Objektes, Verfahren zum Steuern eines Fahrzeuges, Steuereinheit und Fahrzeug |
-
2021
- 2021-10-15 DE DE102021126814.1A patent/DE102021126814A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 US US18/698,364 patent/US20240412410A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-23 EP EP22783343.1A patent/EP4416688A1/de active Pending
- 2022-09-23 CN CN202280064862.3A patent/CN117999579A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-23 WO PCT/EP2022/076556 patent/WO2023061732A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117999579A (zh) | 2024-05-07 |
| WO2023061732A1 (de) | 2023-04-20 |
| DE102021126814A1 (de) | 2023-04-20 |
| US20240412410A1 (en) | 2024-12-12 |
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