EP4404228B1 - Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters - Google Patents

Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters

Info

Publication number
EP4404228B1
EP4404228B1 EP23152906.6A EP23152906A EP4404228B1 EP 4404228 B1 EP4404228 B1 EP 4404228B1 EP 23152906 A EP23152906 A EP 23152906A EP 4404228 B1 EP4404228 B1 EP 4404228B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tapped
change
winding
load tap
tap changer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23152906.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4404228A1 (de
Inventor
Kent Olsson
Gunnar Andersson
Jim Andersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Energy Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Energy Ltd
Priority to DK23152906.6T priority Critical patent/DK4404228T3/da
Priority to EP23152906.6A priority patent/EP4404228B1/de
Priority to CN202380091675.9A priority patent/CN120584393A/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2023/074365 priority patent/WO2024156381A1/en
Priority to KR1020257024857A priority patent/KR20250121136A/ko
Publication of EP4404228A1 publication Critical patent/EP4404228A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4404228B1 publication Critical patent/EP4404228B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an on-load tap changer.
  • the on-load tap changer may be used for regulating voltage in a transformer or a reactor.
  • On-load tap changers are known in which two tapped windings are connected in series for obtaining a larger regulating range. Such connections are known from the standard IEEE C57.135-2011, for example. Also WO 2015/193011 A1 discloses a series connection of two tapped windings.
  • the tapped windings are galvanically disconnected and will become capacitively controlled by their surrounding potentials. This may lead to the change-over selectors being exposed to voltages above their withstand limits.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an improved on-load tap changer.
  • an on-load tap changer comprises a first tap selector for connection to a first tapped winding and a second tap selector for connection to a second tapped winding.
  • the first tap selector is connected to a first diverter switch and the second tap selector is connected to a second diverter switch, wherein the diverter switches are connected to each other to connect the tapped windings in series.
  • the on-load tap changer comprises one or more high-ohmic resistances in an electric connection between at least one of the diverter switches and at least one of the tapped windings.
  • the on-load tap changer further comprises a first change-over selector for connection to the first tapped winding and a second change-over selector for connection to the second tapped winding.
  • the change-over selectors are provided for changing a connection of the tapped windings to a main winding.
  • the change-over selectors may be in a plus/minus regulation or in a coarse/fine regulation. In a plus/minus regulation, the connection direction of the tapped windings to the main winding can be changed. In a coarse/fine regulation a coarse winding can be connected or disconnected from the tapped winding.
  • the on-load tap changer can be provided for accomplishing changes in transformer winding ratios or to change impedances in reactors. By the series connection of the tapped windings, a larger regulation range can be achieved.
  • the tapped windings By connecting the tapped windings to the diverter switches via the high-ohmic resistances, the tapped windings are connected to a defined potential during a change-over selector operation, i.e. when the change-over selector switches its contacts. Thereby, the voltage level to which the change-over selectors are exposed can be kept below a withstand limit.
  • the one or more high-ohmic resistances may comprise a first high-ohmic resistance and a second high-ohmic resistance.
  • the first high-ohmic resistance may be located in an electric connection from a connection point between the diverter switches to the first tapped winding and the second high-ohmic resistance may be located in an electric connection from a connection point between the diverter switches to the second tapped winding.
  • the connection point may be a common node.
  • the tapped windings may be additionally connected to each other via the one or more high-ohmic resistances.
  • a connection line between the high-ohmic resistances and a connection line between the diverter switches may be connected by a further connection line.
  • a total resistance provided by one or more of the high-ohmic resistors between one of the tapped windings and one of the diverter switches may have a resistance value in a range from 50 kOhm to 500 kOhm, for example.
  • the on-load tap changer may comprise one or more resistance switches for establishing and interrupting the connection of the tapped windings to the diverter switches via the high-ohmic resistances.
  • the resistance switches may be open such that the connection is interrupted and current flow and losses from the resistances are avoided.
  • the switches are closed so that the tapped windings are at a defined potential.
  • the method may comprise the step of interrupting the connection after the change-over selectors are again closed in a change-over selector operation.
  • a change-over selector operation is a part of a tap change operation when the tap selectors are at a mid-position. Accordingly, the high-ohmic resistances can be connected only for a change-over selector operation and disconnected in normal operation. Thereby, additional losses during normal operation can be avoided.
  • the present disclosure comprises several aspects. Every feature described with respect to one of the aspects is also disclosed herein with respect to the other aspect, even if the respective feature is not explicitly mentioned in the context of the specific aspect.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an on-load tap changer 1 for regulating voltage in an electric facility.
  • the electric facility is a transformer or a reactor.
  • the transformer may be a power transformer or a phase shifting transformer, for example.
  • the electric facility may be connected to a high voltage transmission line.
  • the depicted circuit may be suitable for a reactor, for example.
  • the on-load tap changer 1 provides a series connection of a first tapped winding 2 and a second tapped winding 3.
  • Each of the tapped windings 2, 3 comprises a plurality of taps 4, 5 for connecting or disconnecting parts of the winding directly or indirectly to or from a main winding of the electrical facility.
  • a tap selector 6, 7, each comprising two contact arms changes the tap in operation. Furthermore, change over selectors 14, 15 are provided for changing a connection of a respective one of the tapped windings 2, 3 to a main winding.
  • the change-over selectors 14, 15 may be in the form of change-over selectors for reversing or disconnecting a tapped winding at mid-position operation.
  • the on-load tap changer 1 may have a plus/minus or coarse/fine configuration.
  • the change-over selectors 14, 15 are in a plus/minus regulation.
  • either end of the tapped windings 2, 3 can be connected to the end of the main winding, so that a current flow in either direction can be selected.
  • a double regulating range can be achieved when compared to a regulating winding in linear regulation.
  • a diverter switch 8, 9 is provided for transferring the load current from a first arm of the tap selector 6, 7 to a second arm of the tap selector 6, 7 in a tap change operation.
  • the diverter switches 8, 9 may comprise transistor resistors, which are inserted during operation.
  • the tapped winding 2, 3 is galvanically disconnected and the potentials of the tapped winding 2, 3 will become capacitively controlled by its surrounding potentials. This may lead to that the change-over selector 14, 15 are exposed for too high capacitive voltages so that a safe operation cannot be ensured anymore. For this reason, costly winding layouts may have to be used.
  • high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 are connected between a middle one of the taps 4, 5 of the tapped windings 2, 3 and the diverter switches 8, 9.
  • the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 are connected to a common node 16 in the connection line between the diverter switches 8, 9.
  • the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 are directly connected to each other.
  • An electric connection line between the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 is connected to an electric connection line between the diverter switches 8, 9.
  • the connection line between the tapped windings 2, 3 via the high-ohmic resistance 10, 11 may comprise no further components than the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11.
  • the connection line between the diverter switches 8, 9 may comprise only the connection to the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 but no further elements and no connection to further elements.
  • connection line may be provided in other embodiments. It is further possible that only one high-ohmic resistance is present, e.g. in the vertical connection to the diverter switches 8, 9. Is it also possible that the two ohmic resistances 10, 11 are not directly connected to each other before being connected to the connection line connecting the diverter switches 8, 9 but are separately to the connection line connecting the diverter switches 8, 9.
  • the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 will connect the tapped windings 2, 3 to a defined potential and the tapped windings 2, 3 will not be galvanically disconnected during a change-over selector operation.
  • the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 can be also denoted as "tie-in resistors".
  • Cost-efficient winding layouts means that by using high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 more options to physically locate the separate windings with respect to each other are available, without that the withstand voltage over the change-over selector 14, 15 is exceeded.
  • two windings may have to be located on two separate concentric layers if high-ohmic resistances are not used.
  • high-ohmic resistances the two windings may be located above each other in one and the same concentric layer. The latter layout is significantly more cost-efficient since each separate concentric winding layer adds size, material and labor cost to the transformer or reactor.
  • Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of an on-load tap changer 1 in a schematic diagram.
  • the circuit is similar to the embodiment of Figure 1 but comprises resistance switches 12, 13 for connecting and disconnecting the tapped windings 2, 3 to the diverter switches 8, 9 via the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11.
  • the resistance switches 12, 13 can be open so that the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 do not lead to increased losses during normal operation.
  • the resistance switches 12, 13 are closed to avoid a galvanic disconnection of the tapped windings 2, 3.
  • Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of an on-load tap changer 1.
  • the change-over selectors 14, 15 provide a coarse/fine regulation.
  • a first coarse winding 17 can be selectively added to the first tapped winding 2 and a second coarse winding 18 can be selectively added to the second tapped winding 3.
  • high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 are provided for preventing a high capacitive voltage across the change-over selectors 14, 15 during a change-over selector operation.
  • Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of an on-load tap changer 1 with change-over selectors 14, 15 providing a coarse/fine regulation.
  • resistance switches 12, 13 are provided for establishing and interrupting the connection of the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 to the diverter switches 8, 9.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of steps in operating a change-over selector in a tap change operation.
  • the on-load tap changer can be in accordance with the embodiments shown in the foregoing Figures.
  • contact arms of the tap selectors 6, 7 are connected to fixed contacts which are connected to taps 4, 5 of the tapped windings 2, 3.
  • the tapped windings 2, 3 are connected by the diverter switches 8, 9 in series.
  • the change-over selector is carrying the load current in all positions except the middle position, which is shown in the foregoing figures. In this position, the current flows directly from a main winding or coarse winding 17, 18 to the first arms 19, 21 of the tap selector 6, 7 without passing the change-over selector 14, 15 so that the change-over selector 14, 15 can be moved without interruptions or arcing.
  • the change-over selector operation can be divided into three steps for opening and three steps for closing when a resistance switch 12, 13 is used, otherwise two steps for opening and two steps for closing.
  • step A When a change-over selector operation is initiated in step A, a movable contact on one or both of the second arms 20, 22 disconnects from its fixed contact.
  • step B the respective resistance switch 12, 13, if being used, establishes the connection of the tapped windings via the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 to the diverter switches 8, 9. If a resistance switches 12, 13 is not used, step B is left out in the operation.
  • step C the respective change-over selector 14, 15 opens.
  • the respective tapped winding 2, 3 is galvanically disconnected and its voltage is controlled by the capacitances and voltages to the surroundings and by the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11.
  • the change-over selector 14, 15 is open, the tapped windings 2, 3 are connected via the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 to a defined potential, thereby preventing the change-over selectors 14, 15 being exposed to too high voltages.
  • step D the respective change-over selector 14, 15 closes.
  • the tapped winding 2, 3 is again galvanically connected.
  • step E the respective resistance switch 12, 13, if being used, opens.
  • step F the respective second arm 20, 22 closes. Now, the load current can be switched by the respective diverter switches 8, 9. Steps E and F can be in opposite order.
  • the on-load tap changer 1 comprises the resistance switches 12, 13 as shown in Figures 2 and 4 , the resistance switches 12, 13 are in an open position during normal operation. Thereby, current does not flow via the high-ohmic resistances 10, 11 during normal operation and additional losses can be avoided.
  • both tap selectors 6, 7 are activated simultaneously in a change-over operation to disconnect their second arms 20, 22 at the same time.
  • the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be activated simultaneously.
  • the tap selectors 6, 7 may be configured as two poles of the same tape changer unit, and may be driven by a common drive mechanism.
  • the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be configured as two poles of the same unit and may be driven by a common drive mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism of the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be integrated in the drive mechanism of the respective tap selector 6, 7.
  • only one tap selector 6, 7 and change-over selector 10, 11 is activated at a specific time in a change-over operation. Also only one of the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be activated at a specific time.
  • the tap selectors 6, 7 may be configured as separate units and driven by separate drive mechanisms.
  • the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be configured as separate units and driven by separate drive mechanisms.
  • the drive mechanism of the change-over selectors 10, 11 may be integrated in the drive mechanism of the respective tap selector 6, 7.
  • the resistance switches 12, 13 may be operated simultaneously or only when the respective change-over selector 10, 11 is activated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Laststufenschalter (1),
    der eine erste Abgriffauswahleinrichtung (6) zur Verbindung mit einer ersten abgegriffenen Wicklung (2) und eine zweite Abgriffauswahleinrichtung (7) zur Verbindung mit einer zweiten abgegriffenen Wicklung (3) aufweist,
    der einen ersten Umschalter (8) und einen zweiten Umschalter (9) aufweist, die mit den jeweiligen Abgriffauswahleinrichtungen (6, 7) verbunden sind, wobei die Umschalter (8, 9) miteinander verbunden sind, um die abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) in Reihe zu verbinden, gekennzeichnet durch ein Aufweisen einer ersten Wechselauswahleinrichtung (14) zur Verbindung mit der ersten abgegriffenen Wicklung (2) und einer zweiten Wechselauswahleinrichtung (15) zur Verbindung mit der zweiten abgegriffenen Wicklung (3), und
    aufweisend einen oder mehrere hochohmige Widerstände (10, 11) in einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen mindestens einem der Umschalter (8, 9) und mindestens einer der abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3).
  2. Laststufenschalter (1) nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei die hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) einen ersten hochohmigen Widerstand (10) und einen zweiten hochohmigen Widerstand (11) aufweisen.
  3. Laststufenschalter (1) nach Anspruch 2,
    wobei der erste hochohmige Widerstand (10) sich in einer elektrischen Verbindung von einem Verbindungspunkt zwischen den Umschaltern (8, 9) zur ersten abgegriffenen Wicklung (2) befindet und der zweite hochohmige Widerstand (11) sich in einer elektrischen Verbindung von einem Verbindungspunkt zwischen den Umschaltern (8, 9) zur zweiten abgegriffenen Wicklung (2) befindet.
  4. Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, wobei der erste und der zweite hochohmige Widerstand (10, 11) direkt miteinander verbunden sind.
  5. Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) konfiguriert sind, über die hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) miteinander verbunden zu sein.
  6. Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder der hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) konfiguriert ist, mit einer der abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) direkt verbunden zu sein.
  7. Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Gesamtwiderstandswert, der durch einen oder mehrere der hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) zwischen einer der Abgriffauswahleinrichtungen (6, 7) und einem der Umschalter (8, 9) bereitgestellt wird, einen Wert in einem Bereich von 50 kOhm bis 500 kOhm aufweist.
  8. Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der einen oder mehrere Widerstandsschalter (12, 13) zum Verbinden und Trennen der Umschalter (8, 9) über die hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) mit mindestens einer der abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) aufweist.
  9. Elektrische Anlage, die den Laststufenschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die erste abgegriffene Wicklung (2), die zweite abgegriffene Wicklung (3) und eine Hauptwicklung aufweist, wobei die erste und/oder die zweite abgegriffene Wicklung (2, 3) mit der Hauptwicklung verbunden sind.
  10. Elektrische Anlage nach Anspruch 9,
    wobei die Hauptwicklung ein Transformator oder eine Reaktanzspulenwicklung ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Betreiben des Laststufenschalters (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 und/oder der elektrischen Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10,
    wobei das Verfahren den Schritt des Öffnens mindestens einer der Wechselauswahleinrichtungen (14, 15) aufweist, wobei die abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) konfiguriert sind, über die hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) mit dem jeweiligen Umschalter (8, 9) verbunden zu sein, wenn die jeweilige Wechselauswahleinrichtung (14, 15) offen ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,
    wobei der Laststufenschalter (1) einen oder mehrere Widerstandsschalter (12, 13) zum Einrichten und Unterbrechen der Verbindung der abgegriffenen Wicklungen (2, 3) mit den Umschaltern (8, 9) über die hochohmigen Widerstände (10, 11) aufweist, wobei die Verbindung eingerichtet wird, bevor die Wechselauswahleinrichtungen (14, 15) geöffnet werden, und die Verbindung unterbrochen wird, nachdem die Wechselauswahleinrichtungen (14, 15) während eines Abgriffwechsels geschlossen worden sind.
EP23152906.6A 2023-01-23 2023-01-23 Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters Active EP4404228B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK23152906.6T DK4404228T3 (da) 2023-01-23 2023-01-23 Viklingskobler og fremgangsmåde til betjening af en viklingskobler
EP23152906.6A EP4404228B1 (de) 2023-01-23 2023-01-23 Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters
CN202380091675.9A CN120584393A (zh) 2023-01-23 2023-09-06 有载分接开关以及用于操作有载分接开关方法
PCT/EP2023/074365 WO2024156381A1 (en) 2023-01-23 2023-09-06 On-load tap changer and method for operating an on-load tap changer
KR1020257024857A KR20250121136A (ko) 2023-01-23 2023-09-06 온로드 탭 체인저 및 온로드 탭 체인저를 동작시키기 위한 방법

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23152906.6A EP4404228B1 (de) 2023-01-23 2023-01-23 Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4404228A1 EP4404228A1 (de) 2024-07-24
EP4404228B1 true EP4404228B1 (de) 2025-08-27

Family

ID=85036123

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23152906.6A Active EP4404228B1 (de) 2023-01-23 2023-01-23 Laststufenschalter und verfahren zum betreiben eines laststufenschalters

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4404228B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20250121136A (de)
CN (1) CN120584393A (de)
DK (1) DK4404228T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2024156381A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6038855B2 (ja) * 1980-05-28 1985-09-03 三菱電機株式会社 負荷時タツプ切換システム
DE202011110140U1 (de) * 2011-07-09 2012-12-07 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Schaltelement und Laststufenschalter mit einem solchen Schaltelement
US9941064B2 (en) * 2013-08-27 2018-04-10 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap changer, tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation and method for implementing tap changer in the tap-changing transformer
DE102014012266B4 (de) * 2014-08-22 2024-10-02 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Schaltanordnung mit zwei Laststufenschaltern, elektrische Anlage mit einer derartigen Schaltanordnung sowie deren Verwendung
DE102016117526B3 (de) * 2016-09-16 2018-02-15 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Lasststufenschalter, Regeltransformator mit Laststufenschalter und Verfahren zum Schalten eines Laststufenschalters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN120584393A (zh) 2025-09-02
KR20250121136A (ko) 2025-08-11
WO2024156381A1 (en) 2024-08-02
DK4404228T3 (da) 2025-12-01
EP4404228A1 (de) 2024-07-24

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