EP4403868A1 - Portable firearm and method for operating a portable firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a handgun (1) which extends along a longitudinal direction (X), a width direction (Y) and a height direction (Z), comprising: a housing (2, 2a, 2b), a barrel (3) having a barrel axis (A), a breechblock (8) with a breechblock head (9), wherein the housing (2, 2a, 2b) is designed to at least indirectly accommodate the barrel (3) having a locking region (4) arranged successively in the longitudinal direction (X), a cartridge chamber (5), a guide region (6) and a muzzle (7), and to at least indirectly accommodate the breechblock (8) which is arranged within the housing (2, 2a, 2b) so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction (X) from an open position (I) to a closed position (II) and has the breechblock head (9), wherein the breechblock head (9) has a breech plate (11), an extractor (12), an ejector (13) and at least one Locking piece (14, 14a to 14f) with at least one locking surface (15, 15a to 15f), wherein the locking region (4) has at least one support surface (16, 16a to 16f) with which the at least one locking surface (15, 15a to 15f) can be brought into contact in the closed position (II), wherein the locking region (4) further has a locking space (R) within which the at least one locking piece (14, 14a to 14f) can be moved from an unlocked position (III) into a locked position (IV) in the region of the closed position (11). In order to increase the functional reliability, among other things, it is proposed that a guide surface (17) is provided within the locking space (R), by means of which the entry of a cartridge case (H) which is standing during the movement of the bolt (8) from the closed position (II) to the open position (I) by the interaction of the ejector (13) and extractor (12) under the influence of a moment (M) is limited and/or the exit of the cartridge case (H) is promoted.

Description

The invention relates to a handgun which extends along a longitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, comprising: a housing, a barrel having a barrel bore axis, a breech with a breech head, wherein the housing is designed to at least indirectly accommodate the barrel having a locking region arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction, a cartridge chamber, a guide region and a muzzle, and to at least indirectly accommodate the barrel which is arranged within the housing along the longitudinal direction by a The closure is arranged to be movable from an open position into a closed position and is designed to have a closure having the closure head, the closure head having a striking base, an extractor, an ejector and at least one locking piece with at least one locking surface, the locking region having at least one support surface with which the at least one locking surface can be brought into contact in the closed position, the locking region further having a locking space within which the at least one locking piece can be moved from an unlocked position into a locked position in the region of the closed position.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a handgun.

Handguns of the type described above have been known for a long time and are manufactured in different designs according to the state of the art. The expert first distinguishes between handguns whose overall length is short, generally under 600 millimeters, and which are referred to as "handguns" or "pistols", and those whose overall length is relatively long, generally over 600 mm, and which are then called "long guns", "rifles" or, more precisely, depending on the design of the inner profile of their barrel, "rifles" (profiled barrel) or "shotguns" (smooth barrel).

Examples of handguns designed in this way are rifles that are based on the AR-15 model and whose models are sometimes named differently depending on the caliber, but also other rifles such as the G36 or SL8 models from Heckler & Koch, the Model 550 from SIG (Swiss Industrial Company), various AK 47 and AK 74 models and their derivatives, the Dragunov rifle, the IZHMASH Tigr Model, the Ruger Mini 14, the Browning BAR, the Model 100 from Winchester, the Remington M 81 or M 7400, the Garand M1 and many others.

Handguns that have the features mentioned are much rarer. The main examples are the AutoMag models 160, 180 and 280 as well as the Dessert Eagle pistol in various calibers manufactured by IMI and Magnum Research.

Furthermore, the expert fundamentally distinguishes between handguns with permanently connected cartridge magazines and those whose cartridge magazines can be quickly and repeatedly connected to the handgun by releasing a holding mechanism. Permanently installed magazines generally offer the advantage of being captive and the disadvantage that reloading is comparatively very time-consuming. In general, the cartridges have to be inserted individually via the magazine lips of the permanently installed magazine, regardless of whether the permanently installed magazine is designed in the form of a box, in which the cartridges to be accommodated are stored in such a way that the cartridge casing surfaces touch each other, or whether it is designed in the form of a tubular magazine, in which the cartridges to be accommodated touch each other on their front and base faces. Quick-loading systems, such as loading strips or loading tubes, are known for both variants, but they are usually only moderately practical to use and have therefore no longer been relevant for many decades, especially in official use.

Among the interchangeable cartridge magazines, which are then also called cartridge insert magazines, drum magazines and series magazines are the most well-known. Series magazines are in turn basically divided into linear series magazines, which are also called rod magazines, and curved series magazines. In a series magazine, the cartridges are stored in such a way that, when the cartridge magazine is at least partially full, they touch tangentially on their case walls within the housing of the cartridge magazine. Depending on whether the series magazine is designed with one or more rows, and depending on whether it is a linear type or a curved type, the contact points or contact lines of the cartridges shift tangentially. and/or axially with each other, whereby the type and degree of displacement can also depend strongly on the fill level of the cartridge magazine - which may also change highly frequently in discrete steps during operation.

Another fundamental distinguishing feature of handguns of the type mentioned above is the design of the loading mechanism, i.e. the way in which the barrel (namely the cartridge chamber of the barrel) of the handgun is managed with the cartridges taken from the cartridge magazine(s). Since the loading process repeatedly puts the handgun into a state of readiness to fire, the loading process is generally referred to as the repeating process. Basically, handguns of the type mentioned above are known whose repeating process is carried out by the shooter's manual operation and which are then simply called "repeating guns", "repeating weapons", or more precisely, depending on the design, "repeating rifle", "repeating rifle", "repeating shotgun" or "repeating pistol".

In contrast, handguns that are designed to independently carry out the repeating process after firing a shot are referred to as "(semi-)automatic" handguns. Depending on the level of automation, experts and, in most states, legislators distinguish between "semi-automatic" handguns, where the trigger (the control element intended to fire the shot) of the handgun must be released once and then pulled again before the next shot can be fired, and "fully automatic" handguns, where at least one series of consecutive shots can be fired by pulling (and holding) the trigger once.

Repeating weapons generally offer the advantage of being independent of an operating window required to operate an (at least partially) automatic repeating process, a quantity provided by firing a shot, such as a gas volume, a gas pressure, a (recoil) impulse or similar. For this reason, repeating weapons can can be operated with a very wide range of different loads within the caliber intended for them.

However, the smooth success of the repeating process depends on the skill of the handgun operator, i.e. the shooter. A repeating process is usually divided into a series of individual actions, the requirements and transitions of which the operator must then manage in such a way that no problems occur in the operation of the handgun.

In the case of semi- and fully automatic handguns, the skill of the operator has no influence on the reloading process, but the automation is usually only able to deal to a limited extent with a variance in the input variable necessary for its operation, for example the gas volume and/or gas pressure mentioned, or the (recoil) impulse, so that this type of handgun - depending on the model - is designed for a more or less narrow operating window and consequently for a more or less narrow range of loads within the caliber intended for it.

It is therefore state of the art and generally accepted practice to provide active extraction mechanisms for repeating weapons and (at least for modern designs of (semi- or fully-) automatic handguns, i.e. those developed after World War II) passive extraction mechanisms. Extraction mechanisms that are designed to depend on the force-displacement profile of the bolt's opening movement are referred to as active extraction mechanisms, while extraction mechanisms that are independent of this are referred to as passive.

The possible range of loads within a caliber depends on its own design. The main influencing factors are the volumes intended for the bullet and the propellant powder (which can influence each other in the case of variations in one of the two parameters), as well as the maximum permissible Working gas pressure, the ability to influence the gas pressure curve, which depends on the geometric design of the combustion chamber of the case of the respective caliber, and the minimum gas pressure that can be achieved under stable combustion conditions, which also depends on this.

To achieve the above-mentioned volumes, case and bullet diameter, case length and permissible cartridge length as well as the case shape are available as boundary conditions, whereby cylindrical, conical and false-shaped case shape types and combinations thereof with different design parameters (e.g. shoulder angle and others) are known.

Not only for economic reasons, but also for reasons of vibration technology and to achieve the highest possible level of user comfort, efforts are made to achieve the highest possible level of efficiency when considering a handgun as a heat engine. For this reason, for example, but often also due to the specifications determined by the geometric dimensions of the handgun in question, cartridge calibers with relatively long cases are usually designed for long-barreled handguns and cartridge calibers with relatively short cases are usually designed for shorter-barreled handguns.

The expert therefore distinguishes between long gun cartridges and short gun cartridges, depending on their original design purpose, even if these boundaries are sometimes blurred and long guns are known that are designed for short gun cartridges and vice versa.

For various reasons, it may be desirable for a handgun, the design of which was originally designed for a (cartridge) calibre that has a relatively long cartridge case, to be modified in such a way that a (cartridge) calibre that has a relatively short cartridge case can also be fired from it.

For example, the rifle models mentioned above have been introduced as semi- and/or fully automatic versions by various authorities around the world. These authorities often have the need to be able to train shooters, i.e. police officers or soldiers, using inexpensive ammunition, whereby the basic handling of the training weapon should be as similar as possible to that of the operational weapon.

In addition, the semi-automatic variants, for example of the models specifically mentioned above, are often also popular sporting weapon models. For example, the AR-15 type model is probably the platform for the most popular sporting rifle model worldwide today.

In order to redesign such rifle models or prototype types, such as the aforementioned AR-15 type or the G36 model, which are set up for the calibers 5.56mm x 45mm Nato or .223 Remington or 7.62mm x 51mm Nato or .308 Winchester, in such a way that a "training cartridge" such as the small caliber cartridge .22 lfB can be produced with a model that is as equivalent as possible. (also called .22 lr.) or large caliber handgun cartridges such as the 9mm x 19mm (also called 9mm Luger or 9mm Para) or the .45 ACP, the .40 S&W, the 10mm Auto, the .357 SIG or others, it is known from the state of the art to replace their locked rotating head bolts with simple spring-mass bolts, whereby these rifle models can be classified as semi-automatic handguns and can be operated accordingly.

Now, however, debates have emerged that individual governments are planning to ban civilian sports shooters from accessing semi-automatic handguns, particularly semi-automatic rifles.

The present invention is therefore based on the task of further reducing the susceptibility to malfunction of handguns of the type mentioned above. A further task of the invention can also be seen in providing a possibility to set up existing weapon models for practice cartridges and in particular to achieve a high To achieve a degree of equivalence in operation and functional reliability compared to the respective original model.

At least one of the aspects mentioned is achieved in a handgun of the type mentioned at the outset in that a guide surface is provided within the locking space, by means of which the entry of a cartridge case which is under the influence of a moment during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position due to the interaction of the ejector and extractor is limited and/or the exit of the cartridge case is promoted.

In other words, if the guide surface is designed to promote the exit of the cartridge case from the locking space, it is designed in such a way that an exit process of the cartridge case is supported and the cartridge case is preferably subjected to a (reaction) force during its joint movement with the bolt when it comes into contact with the guide surface, which exerts a (practically relevant) influence on the exit movement of the cartridge case.

In a broad sense, it is irrelevant for the assessment of the subject matter of the protection right whether the locking area is actually formed as one piece with the barrel or forms part of the housing (more precisely the housing part) to which the barrel is connected. It is important to maintain the sequence of the longitudinal arrangement of the locking area, cartridge chamber, guide area and muzzle.

According to a much narrower, more specific reading of the subject matter of the protection, this sequence can actually be formed within the barrel.

The locking space is sometimes referred to by experts as the "movement space" because within this space the locking pieces can be moved from an unlocked position to a locked position. It goes without saying that this space, i.e. the locking space or the movement space, cannot be completely filled by material existing boundaries, but in practice is rather designed as an open space, at least over part of its circumference.

Such an imaginary boundary can preferably be formed by projecting the outer surface of the diameter D ₁ of the cartridge chamber, i.e. the diameter of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber into its root area. Further boundaries defining the locking space or movement space can be formed by the edge area of the locking space. These then lie radially outside the described imaginary boundary, starting from an extension of the barrel bore axis.

By providing a guide surface within the locking chamber, by means of which the entry of a cartridge case which is under the influence of a moment during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position is limited by the interaction of the ejector and extractor and/or the exit of the cartridge case is promoted, a possible source of interference which could influence the operation of a handgun is at least significantly reduced in its significance, in particular eliminated.

The risk of increased susceptibility to failure due to a possible or actual entry of a cartridge case (the cartridge case does not have to enter the locking area completely, but rather, to be more precise, the entry of at least one area of a cartridge case, in particular the front area) has not yet been generally recognised, as this problem can usually be avoided (at least to a sufficient extent) by constructing the boundary conditions when designing a specific weapon model.

If such a model is to be redesigned for a practice cartridge, extensive adjustments are usually made, usually even using completely different locking systems, which has a noticeable impact on many aspects of the shooter's handling of the handgun.

However, the inventors have recognized that by providing a guide surface within the locking space, by means of which the entry of a cartridge case that is under the influence of a moment during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position is limited by the interaction of the ejector and extractor and/or the exit of the cartridge case is promoted, a previously practically ignored aspect that can lead to the creation of a source of malfunction can be excluded. As a result, significantly fewer structural adjustments are necessary when adapting the caliber of an existing weapon model, so that, for example, different individual components or assemblies can be used in different caliber-specific embodiments of the respective weapon model, which also results in an important economic aspect of the present invention.

The guide surface is advantageously designed and arranged in such a way that the entry of a cartridge case which is under the influence of a moment during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position is directly limited by the interaction of the ejector and extractor and/or the exit of the cartridge case is directly promoted. For this purpose, it is further preferred that the direct limitation and/or the direct promotion is created by direct contact between the guide surface and the cartridge case (or in some cases, if the shot has not been fired, possibly also the projectile secured inside the cartridge case) . In this case, it is preferred that the bottom-side front surface (the so-called cartridge base) remains free from contact with the guide surface. Rather, a direct contact between the guide surface and the muzzle area of the cartridge case can be (temporarily) formed, by means of which the entry of a cartridge case, which is under the influence of a moment during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position by the interaction of the ejector and extractor, is immediately limited and/or the exit of the cartridge case is directly promoted. By directly limiting the entry and/or directly promoting the A comparatively rigid system is created temporarily during the exit, so that repeatable and defined conditions are created for the subsequent ejection of the cartridge case. This makes it possible to positively influence the functional reliability of a process step downstream in the firing sequence. In addition, a direct (immediate) influence is also dependent on a smaller number of external influences.

It can therefore be advantageous if the handgun is developed in such a way that the cartridge chamber has a length, in particular a total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber, and a diameter, in particular the diameter of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber in its root area, whose quotient is dimensionless between 0.66 and 3.75, preferably between 0.66 and 3.66, more preferably between 0.99 and 3.33, even more preferably between 1.0 and 3.0, very preferably between 1.41 and 2.42 and very particularly preferably between 1.41 and 2.22.

The dimensions of approved cartridges (more precisely: standard cartridges, here referred to as cartridges), cartridge cases and the design of the cartridge chambers to be provided on the weapon side are standardized and regulated by the C.I.P. (COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE PERMANENTE POUR L'EPREUVE DES

ARMES A FEU PORTATIVES, with headquarters in Brussels). The length relevant here and designated "L ₃ " always refers to the total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber when referring to the geometric definition of a cartridge chamber.

Furthermore, the diameter relevant here, designated "D ₁ ", always refers in the same context to the diameter of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber in its root area.

This naming system is familiar to the expert; in addition, reference is made to the C.I.P. publications.

Surprisingly, experiments have produced these results.

It is assumed that handguns of the type mentioned above, when designed for cartridges with a ratio between 1 root 2 and 2 root 2 and with a correspondingly designed cartridge chamber, particularly benefit from the effects that can be generated by the guide surface. However, significant deviations also occurred in the tests, so that advantages were also recognized for ratios from less than root 2, up to about half root 2 and upwards almost up to three times root 2, but with a certain degree of clarity at least up to about two and a half root 2.

It should be noted that as the diameter D ₁ increases, the distance from the ejector to the bore axis, as well as the distance from the pressure point of the ejector acting on the base of the cartridge (case) and, as a result, the effective lever arms for generating the moment also increase. However, as the diameter D ₁ increases, the gripping surface available to the extractor increases, which is why the (spring) forces can be smaller.

In some cases it may be advantageous if the handgun is designed as a repeating weapon, in particular as a repeating rifle, namely a repeating rifle or repeating shotgun, or as a repeating pistol.

In this way, it is possible to make very extensive use of the ballistic range of a practice cartridge, for example. In addition, the combination of features described in connection with the design as a repeating weapon results in synergy effects in achieving particularly low disturbance ratios. In the first section of the movement, the shooter experiences several changes in force on the control element by means of which he controls the repeating process, usually called the bolt handle or charging lever, and he must nevertheless ensure that the movement of the bolt and the repeating mechanism is as even as possible. Because a guide surface is now provided on which the cartridge case under a moment (or, if no shot has been fired, the entire cartridge to be removed) is guided in a defined As the rifle is supported in this way or can slide along it, it is easier for the operator (the shooter) to control the repeating process, in particular the opening part of the repeating process, which ultimately also reduces the susceptibility to malfunction.

In other cases, however, it may be preferable if the handgun is designed as a (semi-)automatic handgun, in particular as a semi- and/or fully automatic handgun.

Although the focus here is not on increasing functional reliability through support and thus improving operating comfort, (semi-)automatic handguns are inherently exposed to a higher risk of malfunctions, particularly when they are operated at the edge of their operating window (depending on the load). In particular, when the bolt speed (and the effective acceleration gradient) are relatively low, the movement amplitudes of a cartridge case under a moment, but also under the influence of its own mass inertia (or, if no shot has been fired, the entire cartridge to be removed) can be greater due to the additional time and thus have a greater influence on the movement sequence. If irregularities occur, the cartridge case can, for example, be released prematurely from the catch between the extractor and ejector and then cause the handgun to jam, for example by colliding with a cartridge following it.

In connection with the creation of a reflection of the shooting behavior affecting the operator in relation to a similar weapon model of a higher energy caliber, in particular a long gun caliber, tests have surprisingly shown that the use of a locked breech system with an integrated ejector made possible by the present invention is particularly advantageous when the (semi-)automatic repeating process takes place via a direct gas take-off (DGI system). To a somewhat lesser extent, this also applies to a piston system, which in the normal case (i.e. when using higher energy (long gun) ammunition is known to be more comfortable to shoot than a DGI system. It is assumed that in combination with the large number of parameters involved, a kind of balance is achieved, especially when the weapon models to be compared are a standard M 15 model in .223 Remington and an inventively designed weapon model in caliber 9mm Para or .45 ACP.

Furthermore, independently of this, it may again be preferred in certain cases that the guide surface is rigid and in particular is part of a block arranged within the locking space.

In this way, no additional moving parts are required in the handgun and additional potential sources of interference are eliminated. In addition, such further development can offer economic advantages, for example through inexpensive integration into the manufacturing process and due to the expected low additional costs.

A rigid design can also include designs that are designed to be deformable. In particular, the block can be formed using a material that shows measurable and, in particular, visible deformations when the forces acting on the block during operation of a handgun. This can have a dampening effect on undesirable movements (vibrations) of at least individual parts or assemblies that are in motion during the repetition process of the handgun.

In a narrower sense, a rigid guide surface, in particular a rigid block forming the guide surface, can be understood as a component that shows no measurable and in particular no visible deformations under the forces acting on the guide surface/block during operation of a handgun. For this purpose, it can be particularly preferred that the block is formed using a steel whose surface is preferably hardened and/or provided with a wear-reducing layer.

In other cases, it may be preferred that the guide surface is arranged and/or designed to be movable, in particular movable within the locking space.

This may be preferred, for example, if, for reasons of the geometric design of the locking space, temporary space may be desired during the extraction process or during another part of the repeating process.

Such a design can also be advantageous if the locking surface is intended to perform a first task in a first position and a second task in a second position and, in particular, the first and second tasks differ from one another.

It can be advantageous if the guide surface can be moved from a rest position to a deflection position against a spring force.

On the one hand, this guarantees that the guide surface reaches a defined position in its rest position at least once within each firing sequence, even if a certain degree of contamination has occurred within the handgun, for example during operation of the handgun.

On the other hand, the spring can serve as a temporary energy storage device, so that the energy absorbed by the guide surface can transfer the energy to the cartridge case (or, if no shot was fired, the entire cartridge to be removed) in a subsequent section of the repeating cycle and can thus actively influence the movement profile of the cartridge case/cartridge to be ejected.

It may be preferred that the guide surface forms at least part of an edge region of the locking space.

This may be preferred, for example, if the guide surface is at least also designed to facilitate the exit of the cartridge case.

It may be particularly preferred that the guide surface forms at least a part of the at least one support surface in a first working position and the guide surface in a second working position.

It can be provided that the guide surface can be locked in at least one working position, in particular in the first working position. In the first working position, the guide surface can therefore function as a support surface to absorb forces occurring during firing and, after being unlocked, can be arranged to be movable in the second working position in order to be designed there as a support surface, for example to facilitate the exit of the cartridge case. Such a design can in particular save installation space on the handgun. In addition, the guide surface is available as a support surface in the first working position, so that the load occurring during firing does not have to be distributed across other support surfaces, resulting in further advantages, for example in the possibility of selecting the caliber or the durability and operational reliability of the handgun.

It may be preferred that the guide surface forms at least an angle α in the range between -15° and +15°, preferably in the range between -7.5° and +7.5°, most preferably around 0°, with respect to the barrel core axis.

In this way, a largely uniform movement profile of the cartridge case/cartridge to be ejected is achieved, in particular if the guide surface is designed at least primarily to limit the entry of the cartridge case/cartridge into the locking space.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous if the guide surface forms at least one angle β in the range between 12.5° and 65°, preferably in the range between 30° and 55°, most preferably between 32° and 45° in the positive and/or negative direction with respect to the running core axis.

As with the specification of the previously mentioned angle α , the positive direction should be specified clockwise and the negative direction counterclockwise when looking at the weapon in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel.

By providing an angle β set up in this way, greater influences on the movement profile of the cartridge case/cartridge to be ejected are achieved, which is particularly useful if the guide surface is designed at least primarily to facilitate the exit of the cartridge case/cartridge from the locking chamber. The movement profile can thus be significantly deflected.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the guide surface has at least one angle γ .

In this way, graduations that limit the entry and promote the exit of a cartridge case / cartridge can be combined particularly well and in a particularly favorable manner in terms of manufacturing technology.

Alternatively or additionally, it can advantageously be provided that the guide surface has at least one curvature, and preferably at least one turning point.

Although this is significantly more complex in terms of manufacturing technology, it can contribute to particularly smooth transitions in the movement profile of the cartridge case/cartridge to be ejected and thus to a particularly "smooth" sequence of the entire repeating process and thus ultimately, in the case of the handgun being designed as a repeating weapon, increase the ease of use and generally the functional reliability of the handgun.

It is very advantageous that the guide surface provided within the locking space is designed and arranged in such a way that the Occurrence of a cartridge case which is standing during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position due to the interaction of the ejector and extractor under the influence of the moment to a maximum of 0.8 times the diameter D ₁ , preferably to a maximum of 0.65 times, more preferably to a maximum of 0.5 times, even more preferably to a maximum of 0.33 times, very preferably to 0.25 times and most preferably to a maximum of 0.15 times the diameter D ₁ of the cartridge case receiving area is limited in its root area.

Surprisingly, these results were determined through experiments.

It can be assumed that smaller factors are particularly advantageous, but it remains inexplicable why the advantageous effects appear to increase almost parabolically when the value falls below 0.45 times the diameter D ₁ . In any case, from this point onwards there is a completely unexpected clear departure from a "linear" improvement in the process with further locking of the factor. It also appears to be advantageous if a certain degree of freedom to penetrate into the locking space is retained. It appears to be advantageous if penetration of at least 0.01 times the value of the diameter D ₁ , preferably at least 0.02 times the value of the diameter D ₁ , more preferably at least 0.03 times the value of the diameter D ₁ is possible. Therefore, a continuous reduction of the factor obviously does not lead to the desired result, so that a certain degree of uncertainty remains as to the reasons for the particularly advantageous value ranges that arise under different boundary conditions.

Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided with great advantage that the guide surface provided within the locking space is designed and arranged in such a way that the exit of a cartridge case which has entered the locking space during the movement of the bolt from the closed position to the open position through the interaction of the ejector and extractor under the influence of the moment is limited to at least 0.5 times, preferably at least 0.7 times, more preferably at least 0.8 times, most preferably at least 0.9 times the amount of the entry, in other words on the way back, favored, in particular contact-based supported.

Surprisingly, these results were determined through experiments.

It can be assumed that larger factors are particularly advantageous, but it remains inexplicable why the advantageous effects appear to increase almost parabolically once the value exceeds 0.66 times the diameter D ₁ . In any case, from this point onwards there is a completely unexpected clear departure from a "linear" improvement in the process as the factor is further reduced. It also appears to be advantageous if a certain amount of (remaining) path remains unsupported when the cartridge case/cartridge emerges. It therefore appears to be advantageous if the exit of at least 0.01 times the value of the diameter D ₁ , preferably at least 0.02 times the value of the diameter D ₁ , more preferably at least 0.05 times the value of the diameter D ₁ is designed without support, i.e. without the influence of the guide surface. Therefore, a continuous increase in the factor obviously does not lead to the desired result, so that a certain uncertainty remains about the reasons for the particularly advantageous value ranges that arise under different boundary conditions.

It may be advantageous in certain cases if the closure is arranged to be movable along the longitudinal direction within the housing and the closure head is arranged in the closure to be rotatable about an axis of rotation extending in the longitudinal direction.

In this context, particularly strong positive effects were observed with a handgun design according to the invention.

In other cases, however, it may be preferred if the closure is arranged within the housing so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction and the closure head is firmly connected to the closure and preferably is arranged in the housing so as to be rotatable together with the closure about a rotation axis extending in the longitudinal direction.

In some cases it may be preferable for the closure head to have locking lugs.

In other cases, however, it may be preferred that the closure has a movably arranged closure block and is designed in particular as a falling block closure.

In these contexts, too, particularly strong positive effects were observed with a handgun design according to the invention.

It may also be preferred that the closure and in particular the closure head is designed as an expanding head closure.

In this context, too, particularly strong positive effects were observed with a handgun design according to the invention.

In some cases it may be preferable for the handgun to be designed as a long weapon, in particular as a rifle.

This offers advantages both for official training purposes and for sporting use.

In other cases, however, it may be preferable for the handgun to be designed as a short weapon.

This offers advantages both for official training purposes and for sporting use.

In a method for operating a handgun, at least one of the objects underlying the invention is achieved in that When operating the handgun, a handgun according to one of claims 1 to 19 is used.

The resulting advantages can be derived by the expert from the description of the advantages of the handgun and its preferred designs and are not listed again here for economic reasons.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of a single drawing. The description of the preferred embodiment is by no means to be considered exhaustive.

Show it:

Figure 1a:

Right side view of a handgun designed as a semi-automatic pistol ("self-loading pistol")

Figure 1b:

Right side view of a handgun designed as a repeating rifle

Figure 2:

Perspective view of the handgun with the bolt open and the upper housing part not shown for better visibility

Figure 3:

Another perspective view of Figure 2

Figure 4:

Perspective view of the bolt closing and removing a cartridge from the magazine ("cartridge feed")

Figure 5:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt closed and the cartridge in the chamber of the barrel (before the shot) in a first embodiment

Figure 6a:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt partially open and the cartridge case still partially in the chamber of the barrel (immediately after the shot) in the first embodiment

Figure 6b:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt partially open and the cartridge case still partially in the chamber of the barrel (immediately after the shot) in another embodiment

Figure 6c:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt partially open and the cartridge case still partially in the chamber of the barrel (immediately after the shot) in another embodiment

Figure 6d:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt partially open and the cartridge case still partially in the chamber of the barrel (immediately after the shot) in another embodiment

Figure 6e:

Top view of a sectional view of the handgun with the bolt partially open and the cartridge case still partially in the chamber of the barrel (immediately after the shot) in another embodiment

Figure 7:

Top view of an otherwise identical sectional view of the handgun with the bolt open in a first stage

Figure 8:

Top view of an otherwise identical sectional view of the handgun with the bolt open in a second stage

The drawing with the 13 Figures 1a to 8 shows a single preferred embodiment of a handgun according to the invention. The same components are named the same in all figures and do not have to be shown or visible in all figures or described (again) in connection with each individual figure.

• ein Gehäuse 2, 2a, 2b
• einen eine Laufseelenachse A aufweisenden Lauf 3
• einen Verschluss 8 mit einem Verschlusskopf 9

wobei das Gehäuse 2 zur wenigstens mittelbaren Aufnahme des, einen in Längsrichtung X aufeinanderfolgend angeordneten in der Figur 1a nicht näher dargestellten, Verriegelungsbereich 4, ein Patronenlager 5, einen Führungsbereich 6 und eine, in der Figur bezeichnete, Mündung 7 aufweisenden, Laufes 3 sowie zur wenigstens mittelbaren Aufnahme des, innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 entlang der Längsrichtung X von einer Öffnungsposition I in eine nicht dargestellte Schließposition II bewegbar angeordnet und den Verschlusskopf 9 aufweisenden Verschlusses 8 gestaltet ist, wobei der Verschlusskopf 9 einen Stoßboden 11, sowie in der vorliegenden Ansicht nicht erkennbaren Auszieher 12 und Ausstoßer 13 und wenigstens ein Verriegelungsstück 14, 14a und 14b mit wenigstens einer Verriegelungsfläche 15,15a und 15b aufweist, wobei der Verriegelungsbereich 4 in hier nicht sichtbar dargestellten Form wenigstens eine Stützfläche 16, 16a bis 16f aufweist, mit der die wenigstens eine Verriegelungsfläche 15, 15a und 15b in der Schließposition II in Kontakt bringbar ist, wobei der Verriegelungsbereich 4 weiter einen Verriegelungsraum R aufweist, innerhalb dessen das wenigstens eine Verriegelungsstück 14, 14a bis 14f im Bereich der Schließposition II von einer entriegelten Stellung III in eine verriegelte Stellung IV bewegbar ist, und wobei ferner innerhalb des in dieser Figur nicht einsehbaren Verriegelungsraums R eine Führungsfläche 17 vorgesehen ist, mittels der das Eintreten einer, während der Bewegung des Verschlusses 8 aus der Schließposition II in die Öffnungsposition I durch das Zusammenwirken von Ausstoßer 13 und Auszieher 12 unter Einfluss eines Moments M stehenden Patronenhülse H begrenzt und/oder das Austreten der Patronenhülse H begünstigt ist.The drawing shows Figure 1a a right side view of the handgun 1 designed as a semi-automatic pistol, which extends along a longitudinal direction X, a width direction Y and a height direction Z, comprising:

• a housing 2, 2a, 2b
• a barrel having a bore axis A 3
• a closure 8 with a closure head 9

wherein the housing 2 is designed to at least indirectly accommodate the one in the longitudinal direction X successively arranged in the Figure 1a not shown in more detail, locking area 4, a cartridge chamber 5, a guide area 6 and a barrel 3 having a muzzle 7, designated in the figure, and for at least indirectly receiving the bolt 8, which is arranged within the housing 2 along the longitudinal direction X so as to be movable from an opening position I to a closed position II (not shown) and has the bolt head 9, wherein the bolt head 9 has a breech face 11, as well as an extractor 12 and ejector 13 (not visible in the present view) and at least one locking piece 14, 14a and 14b with at least one locking surface 15, 15a and 15b, wherein the locking area 4 in a form not shown here has at least one support surface 16, 16a to 16f with which the at least one locking surface 15, 15a and 15b can be brought into contact in the closed position II, wherein the Locking area 4 further comprises a locking space R, within which the at least one locking piece 14, 14a to 14f is movable in the area of the closed position II from an unlocked position III into a locked position IV, and wherein furthermore within the locking space R, which is not visible in this figure, a guide surface 17 is provided, by means of which the The occurrence of a cartridge case H which is under the influence of a moment M during the movement of the bolt 8 from the closed position II to the open position I is limited by the interaction of the ejector 13 and the extractor 12 and/or the escape of the cartridge case H is promoted.

Figure 1b a right side view of the handgun 1 designed as a repeating rifle, which in the further Figures 2 to 9 serve for a more detailed description with various perspective and sectioned views and whose content can also be applied to a Figure 1a trained handgun can be transferred.

• ein Gehäuse 2, 2a, 2b
• einen eine Laufseelenachse A aufweisenden Lauf 3
• einen Verschluss 8 mit einem Verschlusskopf 9

wobei das Gehäuse 2, 2a, 2b zur wenigstens mittelbaren Aufnahme des, einen in Längsrichtung X aufeinanderfolgend angeordneten Verriegelungsbereich 4, ein Patronenlager 5, einen Führungsbereich 6 und eine Mündung 7 aufweisenden, Laufes 3 gestaltet ist, wobei einzelne Positionen erst in den späteren Figuren 2 bis 8 dargestellt und/oder bezeichnet sind. Dabei ist das Gehäuse 2, 2a, 2b ferner zur wenigstens mittelbaren Aufnahme des, innerhalb des Gehäuses 2,2a,2b entlang der Längsrichtung X von einer Öffnungsposition I in eine -hier dargestellte- Schließposition II bewegbar angeordnet und den Verschlusskopf 9 aufweisenden Verschlusses 8 gestaltet, wobei der Verschlusskopf 9 einen Stoßboden 11, einen Auszieher 12, einen Ausstoßer 13 und wenigstens ein Verriegelungsstück 14, 14a bis 14f mit wenigstens einer Verriegelungsfläche 15, 15a bis 15f aufweist, wobei der Verriegelungsbereich 4 wenigstens eine Stützfläche 16, 16a bis 16f aufweist, mit der die wenigstens eine Verriegelungsfläche 15, 15a bis 15f in der Schließposition II in Kontakt bringbar ist, wobei der Verriegelungsbereich 4 weiter einen Verriegelungsraum R aufweist, innerhalb dessen das wenigstens eine Verriegelungsstück 14, 14a bis 14f im Bereich der Schließposition II von einer entriegelten Stellung III in eine verriegelte Stellung IV bewegbar ist, und wobei ferner innerhalb des Verriegelungsraums Reine Führungsfläche 17 vorgesehen ist, mittels der das Eintreten einer, während der Bewegung des Verschlusses 8 aus der Schließposition II in die Öffnungsposition I durch das Zusammenwirken von Ausstoßer 13 und Auszieher 12 unter Einfluss eines Moments M stehenden Patronenhülse H begrenzt und/oder das Austreten der Patronenhülse H begünstigt ist.In the Figure 1b The handgun 1 shown, which extends along a longitudinal direction X, a width direction Y and a height direction Z, comprises:

• a housing 2, 2a, 2b
• a barrel having a bore axis A 3
• a closure 8 with a closure head 9

wherein the housing 2, 2a, 2b is designed to at least indirectly accommodate the barrel 3, which has a locking region 4 arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction X, a cartridge chamber 5, a guide region 6 and a muzzle 7, wherein individual positions are only provided in the later Figures 2 to 8 shown and/or designated. The housing 2, 2a, 2b is further designed to at least indirectly accommodate the closure 8, which is arranged within the housing 2, 2a, 2b so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction X from an opening position I into a closed position II (shown here) and has the closure head 9, the closure head 9 having a striker base 11, an extractor 12, an ejector 13 and at least one locking piece 14, 14a to 14f with at least one locking surface 15, 15a to 15f, the locking region 4 having at least one support surface 16, 16a to 16f with which the at least one locking surface 15, 15a to 15f can be brought into contact in the closed position II, the locking region 4 further having a locking space R within which the at least one locking piece 14, 14a to 14f is movable in the region of the closed position II from an unlocked position III into a locked position IV, and wherein furthermore within the locking space a guide surface 17 is provided, by means of which the entry of a cartridge case H which is standing during the movement of the bolt 8 from the closed position II into the open position I by the interaction of the ejector 13 and extractor 12 under the influence of a moment M is limited and/or the exit of the cartridge case H is promoted.

Further in Figure 1b a buttstock 21 and a fore-end 22 are shown, which are connected to the handgun 1 and in this way represent in particular a part of the handgun 1. Furthermore, the magazine shaft 23 is shown as part of the lower housing 2b, in which a magazine (cartridge magazine) 24 is fixed, which serves for the temporary storage of the cartridges P to be removed therefrom in the repeating cycle by the bolt 8 (in particular the bolt head 9) and fed to the cartridge chamber 5 of the barrel 3.

Also visible is the control element 25, via which the operator (shooter) can control the repeating process and which is also called the "charging lever" or "chamber handle".

Finally, in addition to other, undesignated, elements of the handgun 1, the safety 26 acting on a lock mechanism arranged inside the housing 2 and not shown in detail here, or its selection element, as well as the trigger 27 to be actuated to fire the shot are also shown.

In Figure 2 the handgun 1 is shown in a first perspective view. In order to better illustrate and explain the internal functions of the handgun 1, the upper housing part is hidden so that there is a clear view of the bolt 8 with the bolt head 9. In the exemplary embodiment, the bolt head 9 has a locking piece 14 with six locking pieces 14a to 14f. The view also offers a good view of the breech face 11, as well as the ejector 13 and the extractor 12, which after later removal of the cartridge still in the magazine 24 P exerts a moment M on the cartridge P which rests with its base on the breech face 11.

The view also offers a view of the rear side of the block 18, the front side of which projects into the locking space 4 (not yet visible here) and forms the guide surface 17.

It can also be seen that the closure 8 is arranged within the housing 2,2a,2b so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction X and the closure head 9 is arranged in the closure 8 so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis 10 extending in the longitudinal direction.

In Figure 3 the handgun 1 is shown in another perspective view. In order to better illustrate and explain the internal functions of the handgun 1, the upper housing part is also hidden here, so that in addition to the clear view of the bolt 8 with the bolt head 9, there is now also a view of the locking chamber 4 and an edge area of the cartridge chamber 5 adjoining it in the direction of the muzzle.

The support surface 17 arranged in the locking space R of the locking area 4 is clearly visible.

Figure 4 shows the handgun 1 in a further perspective view, in which the bolt 8 with the bolt head 9 for feeding a cartridge P into the cartridge chamber 5 of the barrel 3 in a movement from an opening position I, as can be seen in particular in the Figures 2 and 3 shown in the following figures and for example in Figure 1b shown, closed position II.

Figure 5 now shows the top view of a sectional view of the handgun 1 with the bolt 8 closed (i.e. the bolt in the closed position II) and the cartridge P in the cartridge chamber 5 of the barrel 3 (before the shot) in a first embodiment in which the support surface 17 is formed by a block 18 protruding into the locking space R of the locking area 4 and arranged within the locking area 4.

The block 18 is rigid and can be formed using a material that shows measurable and in particular visible deformations under the forces acting on the block during operation of a handgun 1. Even if it is not immediately apparent from the illustration, the block 18 shown here should be understood as a component that shows no measurable and in particular no visible deformations under the forces acting on the guide surface/block during operation of a handgun 1. For this purpose, the block is formed using a steel whose surface is preferably hardened and/or provided with a wear-reducing layer.

The block 18 can be exchangeable or, as assumed here, permanently connected to the barrel 3 of the handgun 1.

The cartridge chamber 5 has a diameter D ₁ which indicates the diameter of the cartridge case receiving area in its root area, as well as a length Ls which indicates the total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber, and is formed axially symmetrically around the barrel axis A, in the alignment of which the rotation axis 10 of the bolt head 9 is also arranged. The bolt head 9 is in a locked position IV in which the locking surfaces 15 (15a to 15f) of the locking pieces 14 (14a to 14f) are in operative contact with the associated support surfaces 16 (16a to 16f).

The barrel 3 has, in the longitudinal direction X, the locking area 4 with the locking space R, the cartridge chamber 5, the guide area and the muzzle 7, which is only visible in other figures. The cartridge chamber 5 is designed in such a way that its length L ₃ , i.e. the total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber 5, and the diameter D ₁ , i.e. the diameter of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber 5 in its root area, form a dimensionless quotient which lies between one root of two and two root of two. The quotient therefore lies in a broad range between 0.66 and 3.66 and there preferably between 1.0 and 3.0 and very preferably between 1.41 and 2.22.

Figure 6a also shows, in a top view of a sectional view, the handgun 1 with the bolt 8 now slightly open and the cartridge case H already partially released from the cartridge chamber 5 after firing the cartridge P from the previously described figure in the first embodiment in which the support surface 17 is formed by a block 18 protruding into the locking space R of the locking area 4 and arranged within the locking area 4. The support surface here assumes an angle α with respect to the barrel bore axis A, which is 0° or at least close to 0°. In other words, the support surface 17 and the barrel bore axis are designed to be approximately parallel, at least in this sectional view, although the support surface 17 does not necessarily have to be flat, but can also curve axially symmetrically around the barrel bore axis, for example in the form of a ring section. In any case, the angle α here is in a range between -15° and +15° and also within a preferred range between -7.5° and +7.5°.

The guide surface 17 provided within the locking space R is designed and arranged in such a way that the occurrence of a force during the movement of the lock 8 from the closed position II to the open position I by the interaction of the ejector 13 and the extractor 12 under the influence of a force in Figure 7 shown, moment M is limited to a maximum of 0.8 times the diameter D ₁ shown here again in addition to the illustration in figure, preferably to a maximum of 0.65 times, more preferably to a maximum of 0.5 times, even more preferably to a maximum of 0.33 times, very preferably to 0.25 times and most preferably to a maximum of 0.15 times the diameter D ₁ of the cartridge case receiving area in its root area. In fact, it can be seen that the guide surface 17 is inferior to an imaginary projection of the inner surface of the cartridge chamber 5 forming the diameter D ₁ and thus basically allows the cartridge case H to penetrate into the locking space R, but is limited to a penetration depth which corresponds to a distance of approximately 3% to 10% of the (amount of) the diameter D ₁ .

Figure 6b shows a plan view of a sectional view of the handgun 1 with the bolt 8 partially opened and the cartridge case H still partially in the cartridge chamber 5 of the barrel 3 (immediately after the shot) in a further embodiment.

Deviating from the Figure 6a In contrast to the embodiment shown, the present embodiment has a first guide surface 17 and a second guide surface 17', which are provided within the locking space R, the first guide surface 17 limiting the entry of the cartridge case H, which is under the influence of a moment M during the movement of the shutter 8 from the closed position II to the open position I by the interaction of the ejector 13 and extractor 12, and the second guide surface 17' promoting the exit of the cartridge case H from the locking space R.

The second guide surface 17' forms an angle β of approximately 20° with respect to the barrel core axis A, so that the angle β lies in the range between 12.5° and 65°, whereby in other embodiments it is conceivable that a preferred range can lie between 30° and 55° or even in a very preferred range between 32° and 45° in the positive and/or negative direction.

Apart from that, the presentation of the Figure 6b exactly as shown in Figure 6a , with the additional exception that the block 18 forming the guide surface 17 is here replaceable in the barrel 3 of the handgun

Figure 6c shows a plan view of a sectional view of the handgun 1 with the bolt 8 partially opened and the cartridge case H still partially in the cartridge chamber 5 of the barrel 3 (immediately after the shot) in a further embodiment.

Deviating from the Figure 6a In the embodiment shown, the guide surface 17 is movable here, in particular movable within the locking space R, arranged and/or designed.

In this embodiment, the guide surface 17 is also movable against a spring force F from a rest position V shown into a deflection position VI (not shown), in which the cartridge (case) is allowed to penetrate deeper into the locking space R.

In addition, the guide surface 17 here has a curvature W and an angle γ .

Figures 6d and 6e show another embodiment in two different stages, where Figure 6d the guide surface 17 in a first working position V, in which the guide surface 17 takes over the tasks of a support surface 16 and Figure 6e shows the same embodiment in a second working position VI, in which the guide surface 17 functions as such. For this purpose, the guide surface 17, or the block 18 forming the guide surface 17, is arranged to pivot about an axis. So that the guide surface 17 can perform its function as a support surface 16 in the first working position V, the block 18 is fixed in its position in the first working position by a movably arranged latch 28.

Of course, the embodiments shown can be deviated from in many ways without departing from the scope of the invention as otherwise defined by the claims and the description.

List of reference symbols:

A

Barrel axis

D1

Diameter, diameter of the cartridge case receiving area in its root area

F

(Spring) force, reaction force

H

case, cartridge case

L3

Length, total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber

M

moment

P

cartridge

R

Locking space / movement space

X

Longitudinal direction (X-direction)

Y

Width direction (Y direction)

Z

Height direction (Z direction)

α

Angle, first angle

β

Angle, second angle

γ

Angle, third angle

I

Opening position

II

Closing position

III

unlocked position

IV

locked position

V

Rest position

VI

Deflection position

VII

first job position

VIII

second job position

1

Handgun

2

Housing

2a

Upper housing (upper housing part), "Upper"

2 B

Lower housing (lower housing part), "Lower"

3

Run

4

Locking area

5

Cartridge chamber

6

Management area

7

mouth

8th

Closure

9

Locking head

10

Rotation axis (for locking head)

11

Impact floor

12

Extractor

13

Ejector

14

Locking piece

14a

Locking piece

14b

Locking piece

14c

Locking piece

14d

Locking piece

14e

Locking piece

14f

Locking piece

15

Support surface

15a

Locking surface

15b

Locking surface

15c

Locking surface

15d

Locking surface

15e

Locking surface

15f

Locking surface

16

Support surface

16a

Support surface

16b

Support surface

16c

Support surface

16d

Support surface

16e

Support surface

16f

Support surface

17, 17'

Guide surface

18

block

19

Edge area (of the locking or movement area)

19a

Part of the edge area (the locking or movement area)

20

Turning point

21

Buttstock

22

Forearm

23

Magazine slot

24

magazine

25

Control element (bolt handle, charging handle)

26

Fuse (optional element)

27

Deduction

28

bars

Claims (15)

Handgun (1) extending along a longitudinal direction (X), a width direction (Y) and a height direction (Z), comprising: - a housing (2, 2a, 2b) - a barrel (3) having a bore axis (A) - a closure (8) with a closure head (9), the housing (2, 2a, 2b) being designed to at least indirectly accommodate the barrel (3) having a locking region (4) arranged successively in the longitudinal direction (X), a cartridge chamber (5), a guide region (6) and a muzzle (7), and to at least indirectly accommodate the closure (8) arranged within the housing (2, 2a, 2b) along the longitudinal direction (X) so as to be movable from an open position (I) to a closed position (II) and having the closure head (9), wherein the closure head (9) has a striking base (11), an extractor (12), an ejector (13) and at least one locking piece (14, 14a to 14f) with at least one locking surface (15, 15a to 15f), wherein the locking region (4) has at least one support surface (16, 16a to 16f) with which the at least one locking surface (15, 15a to 15f) can be brought into contact in the closed position (II), wherein the locking region (4) further has a locking space (R) within which the at least one locking piece (14, 14a to 14f) can be moved from an unlocked position (III) to a locked position (IV) in the region of the closed position (II), characterized in that a guide surface (17, 17') is provided within the locking space (R), by means of which the entry of a cartridge case (H) which is under the influence of a moment (M) during the movement of the bolt (8) from the closed position (II) to the open position (I) is limited by the interaction of the ejector (13) and extractor (12) and/or the exit of the cartridge case (H) is promoted. Handgun (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the cartridge chamber (5) has a length (L ₃ ), in particular a total length of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber, and a diameter (D ₁ ), in particular diameter of the cartridge case receiving area of the cartridge chamber in its root area, the quotient of which is dimensionless between 0.66 and 3.66, preferably between 1.0 and 3.0, very preferably between 1.41 and 2.22. Handgun (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the handgun (1) is designed as a repeating weapon, in particular as a repeating rifle, namely a repeating rifle or repeating shotgun, or as a repeating pistol. Handgun (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that
the handgun (1) is designed as a (semi-)automatic handgun, in particular as a semi- and/or fully automatic handgun. Handgun (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') is rigid and in particular is part of a block (18) arranged within the locking space (R). Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') is arranged and/or designed to be movable, in particular movable within the locking space (R). Handgun (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') can be moved against a spring force (F) from a rest position (V) into a deflection position (VI). Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') forms at least part of an edge region (19, 19a) of the locking space (R). Handgun (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') forms at least one angle ( α ) in the range between -15° and +15°, preferably in the range between -7.5° and +7.5°, most preferably around 0°, with respect to the barrel core axis (A). Handgun (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') forms at least one angle ( β ) in the range between 12.5° and 65°, preferably in the range between 30° and 55°, most preferably between 32° and 45° in positive and/or negative direction. Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') has at least one angle ( γ ) therein. Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') has at least one curvature, and preferably at least one turning point (20). Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') provided within the locking space (R) is designed and arranged such that the entry of a cartridge case (H) which is standing during the movement of the closure (8) from the closed position (II) to the open position (I) by the interaction of the ejector (13) and extractor (12) under the influence of the moment (M) is limited to a maximum of 0.8 times the diameter (D ₁ ), preferably to a maximum of 0.65 times, more preferably to a maximum of 0.5 times, even more preferably to a maximum of 0.33 times, very preferably to 0.25 times and most preferably to a maximum of 0.15 times the diameter (D ₁ ) of the cartridge case receiving area in its root area. Handgun (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the guide surface (17, 17') provided within the locking space (R) is designed and arranged in such a way that the emergence of a, during the movement of the closure (8) from the cartridge case (H) which has entered the locking chamber (R) from the closed position (II) into the open position (I) by the interaction of the ejector (13) and extractor (12) under the influence of the moment (M) is promoted, in particular contact-bound, by at least 0.5 times, preferably at least 0.7 times, more preferably at least 0.8 times, very preferably at least 0.9 times the amount of entry. Method for operating a handgun (1),
characterized in that
when operating the handgun (1), a handgun (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19 is used.

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