EP4401991A1 - Pneumatique avec des performances d'adhérence transversale améliorées sur sol enneigé - Google Patents
Pneumatique avec des performances d'adhérence transversale améliorées sur sol enneigéInfo
- Publication number
- EP4401991A1 EP4401991A1 EP22789623.0A EP22789623A EP4401991A1 EP 4401991 A1 EP4401991 A1 EP 4401991A1 EP 22789623 A EP22789623 A EP 22789623A EP 4401991 A1 EP4401991 A1 EP 4401991A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tread
- tire
- pattern
- incision
- longitudinal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/0318—Tread patterns irregular patterns with particular pitch sequence
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/0302—Tread patterns directional pattern, i.e. with main rolling direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/0306—Patterns comprising block rows or discontinuous ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/0327—Tread patterns characterised by special properties of the tread pattern
- B60C11/033—Tread patterns characterised by special properties of the tread pattern by the void or net-to-gross ratios of the patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1236—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special arrangements in the tread pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1236—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special arrangements in the tread pattern
- B60C11/124—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special arrangements in the tread pattern inclined with regard to a plane normal to the tread surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1272—Width of the sipe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
- B60C2011/0016—Physical properties or dimensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
- B60C2011/0016—Physical properties or dimensions
- B60C2011/0025—Modulus or tan delta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C11/1204—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe
- B60C2011/1209—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe straight at the tread surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C2011/129—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
- B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
- B60C2011/129—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern
- B60C2011/1295—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern variable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tire for a motor vehicle, and more particularly to a snow tire intended to equip a passenger vehicle or a van.
- a snow tire means a tire that meets the international regulatory requirements of UNECE/R117 (Regulation 117 of the European Economic Council of the United Nations). Such a tire passes the snow grip test of the ASTM 1805 standard, and bears on at least one of its sidewalls a distinctive logo representing a mountain with three emerging peaks including a snowflake (3 Peaks Mountain Snow Flake: 3PMSF) .
- the invention also relates to multi-purpose tires that can be used during all four seasons.
- these tires have an “M+S” marking (Mud + Snow, Mud + Snow in French) on at least one of their sidewalls. Commercially, they are designated as “all seasons” tires.
- grip we mean both the grip characteristics of the tire in the direction transverse to the movement of the vehicle, such as cornering, and those of the tire in the longitudinal direction when the vehicle is moving, that is to say say the possibility of transmitting a braking or driving force to the ground.
- Transversal grip on snow-covered ground can be encountered, for example, in sharp bends at motorway exits, or even on winding mountain roads covered with snow in winter.
- the invention seeks to improve transverse grip on snowy ground without degrading longitudinal grip.
- the circumferential, axial and radial directions respectively designate a direction tangent to any circle centered on the axis of rotation of the tire, a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire and a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation. axis of rotation of the tire.
- a mark (O, XX', YY', ZZ'), whose center O coincides with the center of the tire, the circumferential XX', axial YY' and radial ZZ' directions designate respectively a direction tangent to the running surface of the tire according to the direction of rotation, a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire, and a direction orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the tire.
- radially inner is meant closer, respectively further from the axis of rotation of the tire.
- axially inner is meant closer, respectively further from the equatorial plane of the tire, the equatorial plane of the tire being the plane passing through the middle of the tread of the tire and perpendicular to the axis rotation of the tire.
- a tire comprises a crown, intended to come into contact with the ground via a tread, the two axial ends of which are connected via two sidewalls with two beads ensuring the mechanical connection between the tire and the rim on which it is intended to be fitted.
- running surface of the tread means the surface which groups together all the points of the tire which will come into contact with the ground under normal driving conditions. These points which will come into contact with the ground belong to the contact faces of the blocks.
- the “usual driving conditions” are the conditions of use defined by the ETRTO standard (European Tire and Rim Technical Organisation). These conditions of use specify the reference inflation pressure corresponding to the load capacity of the tire indicated by its load index and its speed code. These conditions of use can also be called “nominal conditions” or “conditions of use”.
- the total width of the tread is the axial distance between the axial ends of the running surface, distributed on either side of the equatorial plane of the tire. On a practical level, an axial end of the running surface does not necessarily correspond to a clearly defined point.
- an axial end can then be defined mathematically as the orthogonal projection, onto the tread, of a theoretical point of intersection between the tangent to the running surface, in the axial end zone of the surface bearing, and the tangent to the mating surface, in the radially outer end zone of the connecting surface.
- the total width of the tread corresponds substantially to the axial width of the contact patch when the tire is subjected to the recommended load and pressure conditions.
- the shoulder of a tire is the portion between the radially outer end of the sidewall and the axially outer end of the tread.
- the leading shoulder is the one whose transverse forces in a given turn are directed towards the center of the contact patch.
- the trailing shoulder is the one that is axially opposite.
- the tread is generally formed by the repetition of volume elements in relief called sculpture patterns in the circumferential direction which are separated from each other by cutouts.
- a tread pattern groups together a set of elements in relief, from a first axial end of the tread to a second axial end.
- the pitch of a tread pattern is the distance measured on a circumference of the tire between a point of this pattern and the translated image of this point on the immediately following pattern.
- a tread with a single tread pattern is said to be single-pitch.
- the tread of a passenger car tire is made up of a circumferential repetition of two or three tread patterns with pitch lengths between 20 mm and 40 mm. In general, two consecutive patterns are homothetic.
- cutout any recess made in the tread, whether by removal of material once the tread has been vulcanized or whether by molding in a mold to mold said tread and comprising molding elements making projection on the molding surface of said mold, each molding element having a geometry identical to the geometry of the desired cutout.
- a cutout made in a tread is delimited by at least two rubber walls facing each other, said walls being separated by an average distance representing the width of the cutout, the intersection of said walls with the rolling surface forming ridges.
- cutouts for example:
- incisions of relatively small width compared to the thickness of the tread; under certain stress conditions, these incisions can close, at least partially, in contact with the road; the facing walls come into contact against each other at least over a greater or lesser part of the surfaces of said walls (the ridges formed by an incision on the running surface are in contact which causes the closure of the incision).
- the distance between the walls of material which delimit an incision is less than or equal to 2 mm and the depth is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
- Some cutouts can open into at least one other cutout.
- the trace of a cutout on the tread surface of a tread follows an average geometric profile determined as the geometric profile located at an average distance from the edges formed by the walls of said cutout on the tread surface.
- the mean axis of the trace of a cutout on the rolling surface corresponds to the straight line of the least squares of the distances of the points of the mean profile of the trace of said cutout.
- a plurality of rubber ridges are created to cut the layer of water that may be present on the road, so as to keep the tire in contact with the ground and to create cavities possibly forming channels intended to collect and evacuate the water present in the contact zone of the tire with the road when they are arranged so as to emerge outside the contact zone.
- Examples of sculpture with a plurality of incisions can be found in the documents: JP H07266809A, JP 2006232218A, US 2003/205305 Al, JP H0971108A, WO 2019/226168A1, JP H0495510A, US 2294626A, EP 025624 DE 4337572A1, and FR 1583770A.
- patent FR 1 028 978 a solution to this problem is proposed consisting in providing the tread with a plurality of shallow circumferential incisions on the running surface of the new tread so as to increase the flexibility of said strip only in the vicinity of the running surface.
- the tire being intended, once mounted on a vehicle, to ensure good performance throughout the life of said tire (that is to say until wear of its tread corresponding at least to the level allowed) it is necessary to provide a tread whose tread pattern ensures the durability of the grip performance on wet and snowy ground.
- the object of the present invention is to develop a tire with a tread that combines both a very good level of transverse grip on snowy and/or wet roads, without degrading the grip on dry road and while having a rolling noise emission in accordance with the regulations in new condition and throughout the life of said tire.
- a tire comprising a tread, intended to come into contact with the ground via a tread surface: said tread comprising elements in relief organized in at at least two tread patterns (MA, MB), separated at least in part from each other by cutouts and extending radially outward from a bottom surface to the running surface over a height maximum radial Hsre at least equal to 6 mm; the trace of a cutout on the running surface defining an average geometric profile located at an average distance from the edges formed by the walls of said cutout; in a meridian section of the tire, a point M being defined at the intersection of the mean geometric profile and the tread surface, at this point M, Npsup is the normal outside the tread surface; with the tread pattern MA, (respectively MB) being associated with a pitch PA, (respectively PB), the pitch of a tread pattern being the distance measured on a circumference of the tire between a point of this pattern and the translated image of this point on the immediately following pattern; the tread pattern MA, (respectively MB) being
- the principle of the invention is to position longitudinal incisions at the lateral ends of the patterns of the tread to improve grip on wet and snowy ground.
- the inventors have observed that the invention gives improved results compared to the usual designs of treads when the angle Beta of the mean plane of the longitudinal incisions with the circumferential direction is comprised in absolute value from 0° to 20°.
- the mean plane of said longitudinal incisions makes an angle Alpha with the normal direction outside the running surface, which varies from 0° to 25°, the effectiveness of said longitudinal incisions for drying out the ground or even for removing snow so as to promote grip, is increased.
- the tire has a tendency to sink into the snow, which promotes contact of the trailing shoulder with the snow.
- the longitudinal incisions of the trailing shoulder in a bend work “against the grain” and generate seizure which promotes transverse grip on snow.
- the orientation of the angle that the mean plane of the longitudinal incision makes with the normal direction Npsup is an essential element for the proper functioning of the invention, by generating a leading edge forming an acute angle on the trailing shoulder.
- the Alpha angle is oriented from the normal outer direction Npsup towards the mean plane for the invention to work fully.
- the angle that the mean plane of the longitudinal incision makes with the normal direction Npsup is an essential element for the proper functioning of the invention, by generating a leading edge forming an obtuse angle on the shoulder of 'offensive.
- the invention also proposes a compromise between rolling noise performance and grip performance on snow-covered or wet ground where the longitudinal incisions of the lateral portions of the edges of the tread are defined in a manner correlated with the patterns of carving.
- the tread pattern is designed from a basic pattern MA which includes relief elements extending from a first axial end of the tread to a second axial end. This pattern is associated with a step PA.
- a second motif MB with an associated pitch PB is deduced from MA by a dilation.
- a second homothetic pattern is positioned after the first pattern.
- the succession of tread patterns is designed in such a way as to attenuate the hissing and flapping.
- the design of the tread pattern based on homothetic patterns makes it possible to control the sound level emitted by the tire when rolling.
- All of the characteristics of the invention contribute to obtaining the tire of the invention, characterized in that it achieves a performance compromise in transverse grip on snow thanks to the longitudinal incisions in appropriate quantity and orientation, while having a rolling noise level that complies with regulatory requirements.
- the angle Alpha is included in the interval [5°; 55°], and preferably in the interval [7°; 55°].
- the angle Beta is included in the interval [5°; 15°] and preferably in the interval [7°; 10°].
- the orientation of the longitudinal incisions defined by the angles (Alpha and Beta) of their mean plane is a parameter impacting the performance compromise sought.
- the invention works when the Alpha angle varies from 5° to 55°, but gives optimal results in a narrower range of 7° to 55°.
- the angle Beta of the mean plane of the longitudinal incisions with the circumferential direction has a significant impact on the performance compromise when it is included in the interval [5°; 15°].
- the Beta angle is to be considered in absolute value while the Alpha angle is oriented, from the normal direction Npsup towards the mean plane of the longitudinal incision.
- each first lateral portion ZB contains at least two longitudinal incisions, preferably three longitudinal incisions and even more preferably four longitudinal incisions.
- angles Beta of the longitudinal incisions with the circumferential direction vary increasingly from the edges towards the center of the tread, and the axial distance between two consecutive longitudinal incisions of a lateral portion ZB is between [3; 17] mm, preferably between [4; 12] mm, and again preferably between [5; 8] mm, the axial distance between two consecutive longitudinal incisions being the distance between the two nearest ends.
- a contact area being defined by the points of the tire in contact with the ground when it is crushed by a load at a nominal pressure specified according to ETRTO (European Technical Organization for Tires and Rims), the The axially outermost longitudinal incision in contact with the ground is located at most 10 mm from a first circumferential edge of the contact area, and more preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm.
- the axially innermost longitudinal incision in contact with the ground is located at most 60 mm, and preferably at most 50 mm from a first circumferential edge of the contact area.
- the depth h of a longitudinal incision is between 20% and 80%, and preferably between 30% and 50% of the maximum radial height of the tread pattern Hsre.
- the width of an incision being the axial distance between the two walls of the incision, said width is between 0.3 mm and 2 mm, and preferably between 0.4 mm and 1 mm.
- the inventors have identified characteristics linked to the cutouts of the tread, to its volume and surface indentation rates.
- the overall volume indentation rate TEV of the tread is between [20%, 40%], and preferably between [25%, 35%].
- the indentation rate has a rack and pinion effect to help the grip of the tire in the snow.
- This rack effect is amplified with a directional tread pattern including cutouts.
- an overall indentation rate TEV of between [20%, 40%] and preferably between [25%, 35%] is necessary to have grip performance on snow that conforms to expectations.
- the volume incision rate also defines the volume of elastomeric material constituting the tread intended to be worn.
- the rate of indentation is therefore a sensitive parameter for determining the compromise in tire performance such as wear, grip and noise.
- the inventors have identified other characteristics linked to the pitches of the tread patterns in order to manage the compromise between the grip and the rolling noise of the tire.
- the ratio between the pitch PA of the first sculpture pattern MA divided by the pitch PB of the second pattern MB, PA/PB is at least equal to 0.60 and at most equal to 0.90.
- the tread comprising at least a third tread pattern MC associated with pitch PC, with PB less than PC, the ratio of pitches PB/PC is greater than or equal to the ratio of pitches PA/PB.
- the PA/PB ratio of the shortest pitch PA of the first tread pattern divided by the longest pitch PB of the second tread pattern is included in the interval [0.6; 0.9], the smallest step and the longest step are in a ratio ideally equal to 0.85, or at least included in the interval [0.6; 0.9],
- the choice of the material of the tread is an essential step.
- the chemical composition of the tread material is formulated to remain flexible at low temperatures, which increases grip on slippery ground (wet, snow and ice).
- low temperature is meant a temperature below 7°C.
- the composition of the rubber material of the tread has a glass transition temperature Tg of between -40° C. and -10° C. and preferably between -35° C. and -15° C. and a complex dynamic shear modulus G* measured at 60° C. of between 0.5 MPa and 2 MPa, and preferably between 0.7 MPa and 1.5 MPa.
- the grip of the tire on the ground obeys at least two physical phenomena: adhesion and indentation.
- adhesion on wet ground, the tread pattern wicks water away from the ground to allow the dry tread surface to adhere by bonding to the ground.
- the flexibility of the tread material makes it possible to hug the roughness of the ground by indentation to grip the tire. The material must remain flexible and effective at temperatures below 7°C.
- an elastomeric material with a glass transition temperature Tg between -40°C and -10°C and preferably between -35°C and -15°C and a complex dynamic shear modulus G* measured at 60°C between 0.5 MPa and 2 MPa, and preferably between 0.7 MPa and 1.5 MPa gives the tread the appropriate physical properties to meet the performance compromises sought.
- Figures 1-A, 1-B, 1-C represent two sculpture patterns (MA, MB) with longitudinal incisions.
- FIG. 2 represents an unrolling of the tread in the circumferential direction (X) according to one embodiment of the invention, with two tread patterns MA and MB.
- the sculpture patterns differ in their geometry (widths, cutouts, steps, . . .).
- the MA pattern is represented with a light background with small dots, and the MB pattern with a gray background.
- Figures 3-A, 3-B, 3-C, and 3-D are views in a meridian plane showing the longitudinal incisions. We can also see the direction normal to the running surface to define the angle Alpha between the mean plane of a longitudinal incision and said normal direction.
- Figure 1-A there is shown a first pattern MA of the tread pattern.
- the longitudinal incisions 50 are positioned on the lateral portions ZB located at the axial ends (24D, 24G) of the pattern MA, on either side of the equatorial plane C.
- the pitch PA is 21.9 mm.
- FIG. 1-B there is shown a second tread pattern MB of the tread.
- MB differs from MA in that its width measured in the circumferential direction is greater than that of MA.
- the number of cutouts between the two patterns can also be different.
- the pitch PB is 29.37 mm.
- the equatorial plane is referenced C
- a main rib sharing the tread in the circumferential direction is referenced 80.
- Figure 1-C is an illustration of the angle Beta made by the mean plane of a longitudinal incision with the circumferential direction XX'.
- each sculpture pattern is associated with an elementary signal, for example a sinusoidal signal.
- the associated signal is periodic and results from the summation of the elementary signals.
- the optimization of the initial arrangement with respect to the siren and beat noise is carried out by carrying out simulations on various possible arrangements.
- the spectrum of the signal is analyzed in the frequency domain.
- the criteria for stopping the optimization process are linked to the amplitude of the emergences of siren and beat, as well as to their spread over the frequency axis.
- the circumference of the tire is equal to 2108 mm, and the width of the tread is 195 mm.
- the tread pattern of the manufactured tire comprises 2 tread patterns (MA, MB) divided into 48 MA patterns, 36 MB patterns.
- the volume notch rate of each pattern corresponds to the ratio of the volume of the notches to the volume of each pattern (MA, MB).
- the overall volume indentation rate TEV of the tread of a tire of the invention is between [20%; 40%], and preferably between [25%; 35%].
- the denominator corresponds to the surface encompassing a sculpture pattern (MA, MB), so that the incision density represents the amount of edge of a pattern (MA, MB) on the surrounding surface.
- MA, MB sculpture pattern
- the incision density (SDA, SDB) of each sculpture pattern (MA, MB) is at least equal to 10 mm 1 , and at most equal to 70 mm 1 .
- the mean density of incisions SDmoy is at least equal to 10 mm 1 , and at most equal to 70 mm 1 .
- Figure 2 shows a simplified extract of an unrolling of a tread 10 of the invention, where one can observe a succession of patterns (MA, MB) according to their pitch (PA, PB).
- the tread 10 is directional with a privileged rolling direction of reference 25.
- a rib 80 passing through the equatorial plane of the tread divides it into a first edge side 24D and a second edge side 24G.
- a portion ZB at each of the ends of the tread extends over an axial width representing approximately 25% of the total width W of the tread.
- the tread is in contact at each of its axial ends with a sidewall which extends radially internally as far as a bead.
- Figure 2 also shows the longitudinal incisions 50 which have a generally circumferential direction, and their number may vary from one pattern to another.
- the incision 50 is a cutout comprising walls (51,52), defining a mean plane 53.
- the tread patterns (MA, MB) Between the tread patterns (MA, MB), the bottom of the tread 40 can be seen. radially outwards from the bottom 40 towards the tread surface along a radial height which corresponds to the height of the sculpture which varies slightly decreasing from the center towards the axial ends of the tread.
- edges 24G, 24D of the tread 10 is meant the surfaces delimiting the borders between the tread 10 and the sidewalls 60. These two edges 24G, 24D are separated from each other by a value W corresponding to tread width 10.
- FIG. 3-A gives a view in a meridian plane of the tire of general reference 1, giving better visibility of the height of the sculpture of the tread 10 which rests on the crown 20 comprising the crown layers (21 , 22, 23), first a hooping layer 21 radially inside the tread, then two crossed layers (22, 23) representing the working layers, radially inside the hooping layer 21.
- the tire 1 comprises also a carcass reinforcement 70 consisting of reinforcements coated with rubber composition, and two beads 35 intended to be in contact with a rim. Said carcass reinforcement 70 connects the two beads 35, and comprises a main branch 31 which wraps around an annular reinforcement structure 33 to form a turn-up 32.
- the sidewalls 60 connect the beads 35 to the tread 10.
- Figures 3-B, 3-C, and 3-D are magnifications of the part circled in Figure 3-A of the incision 50 to show the walls (51, 52) of an incision 50, as well as its mean plane 53.
- the depth h of an incision which is always less than the height of the sculpture Hsre.
- FIG. 3-D one can see the mean plane 53 of the incision 50.
- the point M is at the intersection of said mean plane 53 and the rolling surface 15 visualized here in a meridian plane .
- the external normal Npsup to the mean surface 15 makes an angle Alpha with said mean plane 53.
- the tangent direction at point M to the rolling surface 15 is denoted Tpsup.
- the tread compound of the tire of the invention used in this example is based on a styrene butadiene elastomer.
- Plasticizers (reinforcing resin) are used in the composition to facilitate the processability of the mixtures.
- the mixture also includes vulcanizing agents, sulphur, accelerator, and protective agents.
- the tire of the invention has been tested in order to clearly highlight the performance provided by the invention. The results of these tests are compared with those obtained for a control tire T.
- the indicator T corresponds to a tire of usual design which comprises a tread pattern without longitudinal incisions on the side portions. Said tread is made of a material suitable for winter use.
- the snow transverse grip test consists of timing each lap of the passage of the vehicle on a ring-shaped circuit covered in snow. A tire is all the more efficient when the lap time is low.
- the adhesion test on dry ground consists of a braking test on a vehicle equipped with an ABS system. A tire performs better the shorter the braking distance. A result higher (respectively lower) than 100% signifies an improvement (respectively a deterioration) in the performance considered.
- the tire of the invention achieves the desired compromise between grip on snowy ground without significantly degrading grip on dry ground. Rolling noise is under control by remaining at a level that complies with the homologation thresholds of regulation RI 17, and grip on wet ground takes advantage of the longitudinal incisions by having a level higher than the T indicator.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109770A FR3127159A1 (fr) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Pneumatique avec des performances d’adhérence transversale améliorées sur sol enneigé |
| PCT/FR2022/051670 WO2023041859A1 (fr) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-05 | Pneumatique avec des performances d'adhérence transversale améliorées sur sol enneigé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4401991A1 true EP4401991A1 (fr) | 2024-07-24 |
Family
ID=78332920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22789623.0A Withdrawn EP4401991A1 (fr) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-05 | Pneumatique avec des performances d'adhérence transversale améliorées sur sol enneigé |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240375445A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4401991A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN117980155A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3127159A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023041859A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1452099A (en) | 1920-11-02 | 1923-04-17 | John F Sipe | Elastic tire and method of making same |
| US2294626A (en) * | 1938-12-29 | 1942-09-01 | Max C Overman | Nonskid tire |
| US2708957A (en) | 1950-01-04 | 1955-05-24 | Us Rubber Co | Anti-skid tire tread |
| FR1583770A (fr) * | 1968-03-18 | 1969-12-05 | ||
| JPS6332002U (fr) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-03-01 | ||
| JP2923797B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-13 | 1999-07-26 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 空気入りラジアルタイヤ |
| AT400425B (de) * | 1993-01-28 | 1995-12-27 | Semperit Ag | Fahrzeugreifen |
| DE4337572C2 (de) * | 1993-11-04 | 2002-06-27 | Continental Ag | Fahrzeugreifen mit Einschnitten |
| JP3561287B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 2004-09-02 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りラジアルタイヤ |
| KR0151660B1 (ko) * | 1995-04-24 | 1998-10-01 | 홍건희 | 타이어의 소음저감을 위한 최적의 피치배열구조 |
| JP3509363B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-28 | 2004-03-22 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 重荷重用空気入りラジアルタイヤ |
| JP3963769B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2007-08-22 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
| JP4614791B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2011-01-19 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
| JP5344064B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-11-20 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
| US9757991B2 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2017-09-12 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Pneumatic tire |
| CN107075176B (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-12-18 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于由借助过氧化物固化的橡胶组合物形成的轮胎的胎面 |
| DE102015224290A1 (de) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Fahrzeugluftreifen |
| WO2019226168A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Bande de roulement de pneu de poids lourd et pneu de poids lourd doté d'une lamelle d'épaulement inclinée et oblique |
| CN114616107B (zh) * | 2019-11-06 | 2023-10-20 | 米其林集团总公司 | 包括胎面的轮胎 |
| US20220388345A1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2022-12-08 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tire having a tread |
-
2021
- 2021-09-17 FR FR2109770A patent/FR3127159A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-05 WO PCT/FR2022/051670 patent/WO2023041859A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-05 EP EP22789623.0A patent/EP4401991A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-09-05 CN CN202280062188.5A patent/CN117980155A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-05 US US18/691,271 patent/US20240375445A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023041859A1 (fr) | 2023-03-23 |
| US20240375445A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| CN117980155A (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
| FR3127159A1 (fr) | 2023-03-24 |
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