EP4384915A1 - Computerimplementiertes verfahren und computerprogramm zur generierung von virtuellen fahrstrecken und entwicklung und/oder validierung von funktionalitäten eines automatisierten fahrsystems auf den generierten fahrstrecken - Google Patents
Computerimplementiertes verfahren und computerprogramm zur generierung von virtuellen fahrstrecken und entwicklung und/oder validierung von funktionalitäten eines automatisierten fahrsystems auf den generierten fahrstreckenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4384915A1 EP4384915A1 EP22761515.0A EP22761515A EP4384915A1 EP 4384915 A1 EP4384915 A1 EP 4384915A1 EP 22761515 A EP22761515 A EP 22761515A EP 4384915 A1 EP4384915 A1 EP 4384915A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- routes
- computer
- images
- driving system
- functionalities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Prevention of errors by analysis, debugging or testing of software
- G06F11/3698—Environments for analysis, debugging or testing of software
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
- G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
- G01C21/36—Input/output arrangements for on-board computers
- G01C21/3626—Details of the output of route guidance instructions
- G01C21/3635—Guidance using 3D or perspective road maps
- G01C21/3638—Guidance using 3D or perspective road maps including 3D objects and buildings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
- G01C21/3804—Creation or updating of map data
- G01C21/3833—Creation or updating of map data characterised by the source of data
- G01C21/3852—Data derived from aerial or satellite images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Prevention of errors by analysis, debugging or testing of software
- G06F11/3668—Testing of software
- G06F11/3672—Test management
- G06F11/3684—Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/10—Terrestrial scenes
- G06V20/17—Terrestrial scenes taken from planes or by drones
Definitions
- Computer-implemented method and computer program for generating virtual routes and developing and/or validating functionalities of an automated driving system on the generated routes
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method and computer program for generating virtual routes and developing and/or validating functionalities of an automated driving system on the generated routes.
- An automated driving system designates the components and functionalities of an automated vehicle at system level as well as the automated vehicle, for example a car, truck, bus, people mover, a personal or group rapid transit system, shuttle, robot taxi, as such.
- An automated driving system comprises at least one environment recognition unit that perceives the environment, a control unit that, based on the environment perception, regulates and/or controls the longitudinal and/or lateral guidance of the driving system and plans trajectories, and actuators that, depending on control and/or Control signals from the control unit control the longitudinal and/or lateral guidance of the driving system.
- the degree of automation can include fully automated/autonomous.
- Functionalities of the driving system relate to specific driving tasks with a corresponding level of automation.
- One functionality is, for example, SAE J3016 Level L3, which means conditionally automated highway driving.
- L3 the driving system takes care of the longitudinal and lateral guidance and the monitoring of the surroundings, but the human driver remains a fallback.
- Different functionalities have to be validated differently for the same driving task.
- an L3 driving system is required, for example, to first follow the vehicle in front, to brake, and to stop.
- an L4 driving system is required to first follow the vehicle in front, to brake, and if necessary to to stop, change lanes and drive past.
- the driving system takes over the longitudinal and lateral guidance, the monitoring of the surroundings and the fallback level.
- Validation refers to the testing of functionalities of an automated driving system in relation to a specific purpose.
- the examination is carried out on the basis of a requirement profile drawn up beforehand. For example, a route that the automated driving system is supposed to drive automatically during the day is first traveled during the day by a vehicle driven by a human driver. The route is recorded by video, for example. This recording is now analyzed with regard to possible requirements that the automated driving system must meet on this route. For example, the route includes a roundabout. A requirement for the automated driving system is then, for example, to recognize a roundabout, for example the corresponding traffic signs, to enter and exit a roundabout, taking into account the applicable traffic regulations.
- a control system comprising algorithms for environment recognition, trajectory planning and for deriving control and/or control signals and actuators for longitudinal and/or lateral guidance of the automated driving system is programmed and designed on this basis, for the purpose of driving during the day on this route, the driving task of the driving through the roundabout.
- the validation it is checked whether the automated driving system fulfills this driving task for this purpose.
- Many manual steps have to be taken from the customer inquiry to the offer, including, for example, the analysis of measurement data, which requires a lot of time and effort.
- ODD Operational Design Domain
- the customer requests an ODD analysis for an automated driving system.
- a product owner collects recordings of driving scenarios for ODD analysis.
- the collection of recordings usually the driving scenarios are run in, represents a large amount of work and can take several weeks.
- Special test vehicles are used to import the data.
- High-resolution maps are created from the recordings. Creating the maps can take several more weeks.
- Driving scenarios are generated manually based on the maps. Generating the driving scenarios can take months. Based on the generated driving scenarios, the ODD analysis is carried out, which can take several more weeks.
- DE 10 2020 205 310.3 discloses a method and a data structure for covering the defined parameter ranges and combinations of objects.
- An unmanned aerial vehicle also known as a drone
- a drone is an aircraft that can be operated and navigated autonomously by a computer or from the ground via a remote control without an on-board crew.
- the text in this paragraph was taken from Wikipedia and is used under a CC-BY-SA license.
- drones are used in military operations and commercial uses.
- a computer engine is a framework for generating 3D worlds.
- the computer engine controls and visualizes events and processes.
- a computer game engine controls gameplay and visually displays the gameplay.
- the computer engine includes a graphics engine for the graphic display, a physics system for visual realism in the 3D worlds, and a sound system for creating surround sound.
- the object of the invention was how to improve the development and/or validation of functionalities of an automated driving system.
- the invention provides a computer-implemented method for generating virtual routes and developing and/or validating functionalities of an automated driving system on the generated routes.
- the procedure includes the steps
- the images of the unmanned aircraft are the data source in the method according to the invention.
- the unmanned aircraft can take the pictures automatically. This drastically reduces the time between customer request and data provision down to a few hours or days, for example.
- the aerophotogrammetric survey again saves time, especially if the procedure is carried out cloud-based, for example.
- the aerophotogrammetric survey includes a photogrammetric reconstruction of the recorded image material and the creation of virtual images.
- the imaging sensor is a camera, alternatively the imaging sensor is a lidar and/or radar sensor.
- camera recordings are combined with lidar recordings in the aerophotogrammetric survey, as a result of which 3D impressions are improved.
- a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that ODD analyzes can be carried out more specifically and more quickly using the computer engine, for example within hours.
- the computer engine is a 3D engine.
- the graphics engine includes functions for loading, displaying and animating 3D models, for example 3D models of the automated driving system and/or infrastructure elements.
- the physics system includes the simulation of Newtonian mechanics, surface physics and fluid dynamics.
- the sound system generates emergency vehicle siren signals. In this way, an environment perception system of the automated driving system can be developed and/or validated based on acoustics.
- the invention provides a computer program for generating virtual routes and developing and/or validating functionalities of an automated driving system on the generated routes.
- the computer program includes instructions that cause a computer to carry out the method according to the invention when the computer runs the computer program.
- the instructions of the computer program according to the invention include machine instructions, source text or object code written in assembly language, an object-oriented programming language, for example C++, in a procedural programming language, for example C, or in a hardware description language, for example for interconnecting elements of the hardware module according to the invention, for example an FPGA circuit.
- the computer program is a hardware-independent application program that is provided for any hardware, for example via a data carrier or via a data carrier signal, according to one aspect using software over the air technology, for example via middleware.
- the computer program can also be a hardware dependent program.
- the computer program is executed by a remote computer or a remote computer system, for example a cloud computer or a cloud computer network.
- the images of the real routes are transferred to a cloud storage.
- the processing of the images, the computer engine and/or the development and/or validation of the functionalities in the cloud are carried out using cloud computing.
- the images are transmitted, for example, using radio technology.
- Cloud storage and cloud computing enable the processing of large amounts of data. For example, several unmanned aircraft can fly routes in one state or across states, for example worldwide.
- the images are then transferred to one or more cloud storage devices, for example one per country, and processed there using cloud computing. This enables central processing.
- specific details and/or rarely occurring cases are generated and/or run into driving scenarios.
- these can be generated in the computer engine.
- an automatic population and generation of driving situations and corner cases takes place in the computer engine.
- identified gaps regarding ODDs in particular driving scenarios that have not yet been run in but are necessary for the validation, can be closed in a targeted manner, i.e. the corresponding ODDs can be generated in a targeted manner, and thus functions of the automated driving system can be fully developed and /or be validated.
- the images are processed by machine learning algorithms that have been trained for object recognition, classification and/or localization.
- Machine learning is a technology that teaches computers and other data processing devices to perform tasks by learning from data, rather than being programmed to do the tasks.
- the machine learning algorithm learns from training data in, for example, monitored learning, relations between driving scenes and objects and/or the driving scenes determine. This means that on-site measurements on routes are no longer necessary.
- the machine learning model is an artificial neural network. It is advantageous for the training that the computer that executes the machine learning algorithm includes a microarchitecture for executing processes in parallel in order to be able to train the artificial neural network with a large amount of data in a time-efficient manner. Graphics processors include such a microarchitecture.
- a model of the automated driving system runs the driving scenarios in the computer engine. Operating functions, monitoring of a driving environment, trajectory planning and/or system errors of the automated driving system are validated, specifically in the computer engine, that is, for example, in a 3D simulation world.
- the operational functions also called operational design domains, abbreviated ODD, include infrastructure, operating conditions, objects, connectivity and environmental conditions.
- Infrastructure subclasses include, for example, road geometry, road surfaces, road types, road markings, including country-specific road markings.
- Road geometry object attributes include curve, hill, straight, lane width.
- Road surface object attributes include asphalt, concrete, mix, gravel, paved, unpaved, grass, pollution level, friction coefficient.
- Object attributes for road types include motorways, federal roads, country roads, bridges, tunnels, each with multiple or one lane, intersections, roundabouts, lane junctions, road crossings.
- Road marking object attributes include lane markings, lane markings.
- Connectivity subclasses include V2V and V2X communication.
- Object attributes for V2V and/or V2X communication include communication protocols, bandwidth, latency, stability, availability.
- subclasses of environmental conditions include weather, lighting, and weather-related road conditions.
- Weather object attributes include snow, wind, temperature, and rain.
- Rain object attributes include drizzle, average rain, and heavy rain.
- Object attributes for lighting include day, twilight, night, Street lighting, vehicle lights.
- Object attributes for weather related road conditions include dry, wet, icy.
- the monitoring of the driving environment also known as object and event detection and response, OEDR for short, includes, for example, object detection, event detection, recognition, classification and reaction to the object and/or event detection.
- object detection include detecting vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, animals, road signs, construction sites, and lane changes.
- Vehicle object attributes include passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, trucks, buses, motorcycles.
- Traffic sign object attributes include minimum speed limit, maximum speed limit, stop signs, railroad crossings.
- Subclasses of event detection include deceleration or acceleration of a vehicle in front, crossing of a street by a pedestrian.
- Subclasses of responses include performing a lead vehicle tracking.
- Trajectory planning i.e. maneuver behavior, includes driving behavior.
- Subclasses of driving behavior include parking, maintaining speed, following vehicle, staying in lane, changing lanes, avoiding an obstacle, obeying traffic rules, navigating roundabouts, and planning a route.
- System errors ie failure mode behaviors, include, for example, sensor errors, communication errors, perception errors, errors in navigation and regulation and/or control, errors in human-machine user interfaces.
- sensor errors errors relating to functional safety according to ISO 2626.2 are included.
- perception errors errors relating to the safety of the intended functions according to ISO/PAS 21448 are included.
- Subclasses of sensor errors include hardware and software errors, such as power failure, data link failure. Sensors include radar, lidar, camera, sound, GPS, accelerometers, wheel sensors.
- Subclasses of perceptual errors include software errors in data processing and image recognition algorithms.
- Subclasses of errors in human-machine user interfaces, also called human machine interface, abbreviated HMI include errors in optical display devices.
- the system errors of individual components of the driving system propagate to other components and the overall system, for example the drive system.
- the system errors result in suboptimal performance of the driving system, e.g. the driving system drives slower than allowed based on a speed sign perception error, or the driving system performs unexpected or unsafe maneuvers, such as sudden acceleration or lane departure, or collisions occur.
- These errors are recorded during trips and/or modeled in simulations and are included in the validation. For example, sensor noise or hardware errors are modeled.
- the error is reacted to with fail-safe and/or fail-operational procedures.
- the validated driving system will react to the errors with fail-safe or fail-operational depending on the situation.
- An example of fail-safe is a safety stop. Fail-operational is, for example, driving at a reduced maximum speed.
- One aspect of the invention relates to offering, for example as software-as-a-service, the method according to the invention and the computer program according to the invention to customers who request an automated driving system or routes required to validate the driving system.
- the automation of the procedure results in an advantage in the offer finding, the development as well as the validation.
- Software-as-a-Service means that user access to the method according to the invention and thus also to the computer program according to the invention is offered, for example in a cloud, for example by means of software-over- the Air.
- the method according to the invention and the computer program according to the invention can thus be provided as cloud-based application software.
- the cloud includes storage space, computing power and application software that are made available via internet-of-things technology. For example, the machine learning algorithms are trained and executed in the cloud.
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an unmanned aircraft
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a business model based on the method according to the invention.
- real routes are measured aerophotogrammetrically in a method step V1.
- an unmanned aircraft 1 or drone flies the real route.
- the unmanned aircraft 1 carries, for example, five cameras as imaging sensors.
- 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of an unmanned aircraft 1 .
- At least 3D points are determined based on the images by means of photogrammetric reconstruction.
- the images are processed by at least one environment perception algorithm.
- the environment perception algorithm outputs identifications, classifications and/or localizations of infrastructure elements in the images.
- the environment perception algorithm is, for example, a machine learning algorithm, for example an artificial neural network, for example a convolutional network, and is trained to recognize, classify and/or localize buildings, street signs, traffic signs, road markings, traffic junctions and/or crossing facilities as well as other vehicles.
- Traffic junctions include, for example, roundabouts.
- Crossing facilities include, for example, zebra crossings.
- a method step V3 the 3D points and the detections, classifications and/or localizations are entered into a computer engine.
- the computer engine generates the virtual routes from the entered data.
- a method step V4 the functionalities of the automated driving system are developed and/or validated virtually by running in driving scenarios on the virtual routes.
- the method described is used in a business model, for example in the form of validation as a service or also called validation-as-a-service.
- the method can be offered as software-as-a-service, for example.
- a customer for example a fleet operator of autonomous shuttles, requests an ODD analysis.
- Real routes are flown by means of the unmanned aircraft 1 within a few days.
- a 3D environment is automatically obtained within a few hours using aerophotogrammetry.
- the ODDs can be analyzed within a few hours.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021208738.8A DE102021208738A1 (de) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Computerimplementiertes Verfahren und Computerprogramm zur Generierung von virtuellen Fahrstrecken und Entwicklung und/oder Validierung von Funktionalitäten eines automatisierten Fahrsystems auf den generierten Fahrstrecken |
| PCT/EP2022/071968 WO2023016919A1 (de) | 2021-08-11 | 2022-08-04 | Computerimplementiertes verfahren und computerprogramm zur generierung von virtuellen fahrstrecken und entwicklung und/oder validierung von funktionalitäten eines automatisierten fahrsystems auf den generierten fahrstrecken |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4384915A1 true EP4384915A1 (de) | 2024-06-19 |
Family
ID=83149567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22761515.0A Withdrawn EP4384915A1 (de) | 2021-08-11 | 2022-08-04 | Computerimplementiertes verfahren und computerprogramm zur generierung von virtuellen fahrstrecken und entwicklung und/oder validierung von funktionalitäten eines automatisierten fahrsystems auf den generierten fahrstrecken |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4384915A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021208738A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023016919A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117370484B (zh) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-13 | 广州斯沃德科技有限公司 | 一种轨迹信息的处理方法、装置、电子设备及介质 |
| CN118915704B (zh) * | 2024-10-10 | 2025-01-17 | 安胜(天津)飞行模拟系统有限公司 | 一种基于虚拟相机的智能辅助驾驶可靠性测试方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10705184B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2020-07-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Sensor calibration system |
| DE102018213844A1 (de) | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Testen einer zumindest teilautomatisierten Fahrfunktion für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| DE102019206908B4 (de) | 2019-05-13 | 2022-02-17 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Verfahren zum Trainieren wenigstens eines Algorithmus für ein Steuergerät eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Computerprogrammprodukt, Kraftfahrzeug sowie System |
| DE102019119566A1 (de) | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-17 | FEV Group GmbH | Verfahren zum automatisierten Erstellen eines Datensatzes über spezifische Merkmale des Verhaltens von Verkehrsteilnehmern in einer Verkehrssituation |
| KR102826629B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-20 | 2025-06-27 | 팅크웨어(주) | 고정밀 지도 제작 방법, 고정밀 지도 제작 장치, 컴퓨터 프로그램 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 |
| DE102020103201A1 (de) | 2020-02-07 | 2020-03-26 | FEV Group GmbH | Verfahren zum von Testszenarios für ADAS |
| DE102020205310A1 (de) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-10-28 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Computerimplementiertes Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Datenstruktur für die Streckenkomplexitätserfassung und Validierung von Funktionalitäten eines automatisierten Fahrsystems, derartige Datenstruktur, Computer zum Validierung von Funktionalitäten eines automatisierten Fahrsystems, Computerprogramm zum Bereitstellen einer derartigen Datenstruktur und computerlesbarer Datenträger |
| DE102021201177A1 (de) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Computerimplementiertes Verfahren und Computerprogramm zur Generierung von Fahrstrecken für ein automatisiertes Fahrsystem |
-
2021
- 2021-08-11 DE DE102021208738.8A patent/DE102021208738A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-08-04 EP EP22761515.0A patent/EP4384915A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-08-04 WO PCT/EP2022/071968 patent/WO2023016919A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023016919A1 (de) | 2023-02-16 |
| DE102021208738A1 (de) | 2023-02-16 |
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