EP4377599A1 - Ausgleichssystem für einen kryogenen behälter zur aufnahme von flüssigem wasserstoff - Google Patents

Ausgleichssystem für einen kryogenen behälter zur aufnahme von flüssigem wasserstoff

Info

Publication number
EP4377599A1
EP4377599A1 EP22747776.7A EP22747776A EP4377599A1 EP 4377599 A1 EP4377599 A1 EP 4377599A1 EP 22747776 A EP22747776 A EP 22747776A EP 4377599 A1 EP4377599 A1 EP 4377599A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
compensation
hydrogen
cryogenic tank
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22747776.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Felice Vinati
Samuele Vinati
Matteo Vinati
Giacomo Vinati
Mariachiara Vinati
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ierom Srl
Original Assignee
Ierom Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ierom Srl filed Critical Ierom Srl
Publication of EP4377599A1 publication Critical patent/EP4377599A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F17C2227/0142—Pumps with specified pump type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a compensation system for a cryogenic tank suitable for containing liquid hydrogen and suitable for feeding hydrogen in gaseous form to a fuel cell.
  • a first problem is the limited energy storage capacity (not more than 240Wh/kg to date).
  • a second problem is the difficulty of disposal after use. There is also difficulty in finding the raw materials needed for their production.
  • a further problem is the excessive weight of these batteries: about 6.2 kg per KWh stored.
  • a first problem is that hydrogen storage tanks are very heavy, i.e. about 20kg for every 1kg of hydrogen stored.
  • a second problem is that they operate with very high storage pressure, typically 700bar.
  • Document DE 10 2015 219984 discloses a system and a method for raising the temperature of gas in a cryogenic pressure vessel.
  • This cryogenic pressurization system comprises a main cryogenic pressure vessel and an auxiliary pressure vessel.
  • the auxiliary tank is fluidically connected to the pressure tank via a connection line.
  • a valve is present which ensures that gas can only flow from the auxiliary tank to the main pressure tank, but not vice versa.
  • the latter can be stored in a main tank, where the tank contains gaseous fuel and liquid fuel.
  • gaseous fuel can be stored in a buffer tank at a higher pressure level than in the main tank.
  • a gaseous fuel flow line is connected to a buffer tank outlet and in this line there may be a heat exchanger, located in a section of this line that is inside the main tank.
  • a heat exchanger located in a section of this line that is inside the main tank.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to enable the use of liquid hydrogen in fuel cells for direct power generation.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to avoid hydrogen leakage due to evaporation caused by the heat transmittance between the cryogenic tank and the external ambient temperature.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to reduce the weight of said cryogenic tank, in order to enable its use both in the automotive field and ground transportation in general, and especially in the field of aeronautics - eVTOLs, eRotorcraft, drones, and others, thus enabling a reduction in weight and an increase in stored energy.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to achieve the above results in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the present invention achieves the above-described purposes by means of a compensation system for a cryogenic tank, wherein said cryogenic tank is suitable for containing liquid hydrogen and wherein a gaseous hydrogen supply line to a fuel cell is derived from said cryogenic tank, said system further comprising an electronic control unit and wherein on said supply line is placed at least one valve regulating the flow of gaseous hydrogen exiting from said cryogenic tank and managed by said electronic control unit, characterized by the fact that said compensation system further comprises a compensation tank placed on said hydrogen gas supply line to said fuel cell, said compensation tank being configured to recover the hydrogen gasification induced by the transmittance of said main tank, and wherein the flow of hydrogen gas exiting said cryogenic tank and entering said compensation tank is regulated by at least one regulating valve, the management of which is entrusted to said electronic control unit.
  • An advantage of such embodiment is that the presence of the compensation tank makes it possible, in the first place, to avoid hydrogen leakage due to the transmittance of the main tank.
  • a further advantage is that the compensation tank operates at a higher pressure than the main tank, thus enabling it to contain a greater quantity of hydrogen gas ready to feed the fuel cell in a constant manner and at a lower, defined suitable pressure. This is done via a regulating valve that increases the compression of the hydrogen gas.
  • the increase of the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the compensation tank allows more hydrogen gas to be contained, which is then, via a valve downstream of the compensation tank, restored to the pressure required by the Fuel Cell.
  • the flow regulation is always available and constant to the Fuel Cell.
  • a regulating valve is associated with the compensation tank, that is located on the hydrogen gas supply line to the fuel cell, and is controlled by said electronic control unit to supply the fuel cell with a constant flow of hydrogen gas.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the main components of the compensation system for a cryogenic tank, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 100 comprises a cryogenic tank 1 for containing liquid hydrogen, where the level L of liquid hydrogen contained under normal conditions in tank 1 is also shown in figure 1.
  • cryogenic tank 1 for containing liquid hydrogen is layered with three layers.
  • the liquid hydrogen contained in tank 1 is intended to be sent to a Fuel Cell 11.
  • a fuel cell is a device capable of converting chemically stored energy into electrical energy.
  • the main components of the 100 system are regulated in their operation by an electronic control unit 200.
  • a heat exchanger 2 connected to a pump 3 is also present, the management of which is computerized by intervention of the electronic control unit 200.
  • One function of the heat exchanger 2 is to increase and induce gasification of liquid hydrogen. This is because natural gasification due to heat transmittance would not be sufficient.
  • a sensor 4 for detecting the level L of liquid hydrogen inside tank 1 is also present, wherein said sensor 4 communicates its readings to the electronic control unit 200.
  • a safety valve to handle overpressure phenomena 5 is connected to tank 1 and is also controlled via the electronic control unit 200.
  • Tank 1 is supplied by the action of the electronic control unit 200 on a liquid hydrogen filling valve 6.
  • cryogenic tank 1 for the containment of liquid hydrogen is associated with a compensation tank 9 for the containment of gaseous hydrogen.
  • compensation tank 9 is to recover the hydrogen gasification induced by the transmittance of main tank 1 and heat exchanger 2.
  • compensation tank 9 serves as an injector for Fuel Cell
  • system 1 there is a line 20 for conveying hydrogen gas from cryogenic tank 1 to compensation tank 9.
  • the flow of hydrogen gas out of tank 1 and into the compensation tank 9 is regulated by a regulating valve 7.
  • the pressure regulating valve 8 increases the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the compensation tank to allow more hydrogen gas to be contained, which is subsequently restored to the pressure required by the Fuel Cell via valve 10. Thus, the flow regulation is always available and constant to the Fuel Cell.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen gas inside the compensation tank 9 is higher than the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the cryogenic tank 1, and this pressure increase is achieved by means of the regulating valve 8.
  • This pressure increase can be achieved, for example, by using a pump or blower 50 placed downstream of regulating valve 7 and upstream of regulating valve 8.
  • Regulating valves 7 and 8 are placed on line 20 to convey hydrogen gas from cryogenic tank 1 to compensation tank 9.
  • Both valves 7 and 8 are managed by the electronic control unit 200.
  • system 1 there is additionally a line 30 for conveying hydrogen gas from the compensation tank 9 to the Fuel Cell 11.
  • a pump or blower 40 is provided downstream of the above-mentioned compensation tank 9, to deliver a constant flow of hydrogen gas via line 30.
  • the gaseous flow of hydrogen out of the compensation tank 9 is regulated by a regulating valve 10, which is also controlled by the electronic control unit 200.
  • the control valve 10 is placed on line 30 to convey the hydrogen gas from the compensation tank 9 to the Fuel Cell 11.
  • the flows of hydrogen gas in and out of the compensation tank 9 are regulated via the electronic control unit 200.
  • the flow of hydrogen gas out of the compensation tank 9 can, for example, be regulated by the electronic control unit 200 in such a way as to have a continuous supply of hydrogen gas to the Fuel Cell 11.
  • the diagram in Figure 1 also illustrates the management of electricity flows that are produced by the Fuel Cell 11.
  • a first flow of electrical energy is used to power an electric motor 12, while a second flow of energy is used to power auxiliary services
  • a third energy flow is used to recharge lithium batteries 14 and a fourth energy flow powers pump 3 of heat exchanger 2.
  • the Fuel Cell can also power additional auxiliary services.
  • the management of these power flows is also delegated to the electronic control unit 200.
  • compensation tank 9 makes it possible, firstly, to avoid hydrogen leakage due to the transmittance of the main tank.
  • the compensation tank makes it possible to supply the fuel cell with a constant flow of hydrogen gas.
  • a further advantage is that the use of the compensation tank allows a reduction in the weight of the main tank.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
EP22747776.7A 2021-07-29 2022-07-15 Ausgleichssystem für einen kryogenen behälter zur aufnahme von flüssigem wasserstoff Pending EP4377599A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000020324A IT202100020324A1 (it) 2021-07-29 2021-07-29 Sistema di compenso per serbatoio criogenico per il contenimento di idrogeno liquido
PCT/IB2022/056530 WO2023007300A1 (en) 2021-07-29 2022-07-15 Compensation system for a cryogenic tank fdr the containment of liquid hydrogen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4377599A1 true EP4377599A1 (de) 2024-06-05

Family

ID=78649568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22747776.7A Pending EP4377599A1 (de) 2021-07-29 2022-07-15 Ausgleichssystem für einen kryogenen behälter zur aufnahme von flüssigem wasserstoff

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4377599A1 (de)
IT (1) IT202100020324A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2023007300A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10021681C2 (de) * 2000-05-05 2002-06-13 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Energiespeichersystem, insbesondere System zum Speichern von Wasserstoff
DE102012218856A1 (de) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kraftstoffspeicheranlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102015219984A1 (de) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperatur von Gas in einem kryogenen Druckbehälter
DE102017217348A1 (de) * 2017-09-28 2019-03-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Druckbehältersystem und Verfahren zum Zuführen von Brennstoff aus einem Druckbehältersystem
DE102019108158A1 (de) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-01 Airbus Operations Gmbh Treibstoffentnahmesystem, Treibstofftankvorrichtung mit Treibstoffentnahmesystem und Brennstoffzellensystem mit Treibstoffentnahmesystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2023007300A1 (en) 2023-02-02
IT202100020324A1 (it) 2023-01-29

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