EP4376831A1 - Composition pour la captation de plomb et/ou de cadmium dans un fluide de dialyse - Google Patents
Composition pour la captation de plomb et/ou de cadmium dans un fluide de dialyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4376831A1 EP4376831A1 EP22762123.2A EP22762123A EP4376831A1 EP 4376831 A1 EP4376831 A1 EP 4376831A1 EP 22762123 A EP22762123 A EP 22762123A EP 4376831 A1 EP4376831 A1 EP 4376831A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- dialysis
- dialysis fluid
- lead
- cadmium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/04—Chelating agents
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of dialysis techniques. It relates more specifically to methods for treating water and dialysis liquids, in particular to capture certain toxic metals such as lead, aluminium, chromium, nickel or cadmium, thus reducing the concentration of metallic cations liable to diffuse through a membrane, and prevent their passage into the blood during dialysis of a patient, for example hemodialysis, hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration.
- certain toxic metals such as lead, aluminium, chromium, nickel or cadmium
- metals are subject to many balances and are associated with complex functions. Some metals such as copper or iron are essential for the functioning of the human body while others have no recognized function and are associated with high toxicity. This is particularly the case of heavy metals such as lead, mercury or cadmium. These metals can in particular induce oxidative stress or interact and modify the functions of essential biomolecules.
- Cadmium and lead are thus cited by the “World Health Organization” (WHO) as two of the ten pollutants of major importance for human health (S. Satarug et al., Toxics, 2020). They are mainly concentrated in the bones and kidneys, but their toxic effect is not limited to these organs, in particular by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, taking the place of other metals or diverting their use certain proteins, especially those containing sulfur compounds. The safety agencies have thus greatly reduced the acceptable levels of these compounds, although it has been shown that even a low level below these values is recognized as toxic and that any greater reduction in this level would be beneficial.
- WHO World Health Organization
- the WHO thus recommends a blood level of less than 100 pg.L 1 for adults and the American agency recommends a level of 50 pg.L 1 for children (LA Alli, Interdiscip. Toxicol., 2015 ).
- the rate is much lower and between 0.3 and 1.2 pg.L 1 for the WHO.
- the increase in the level of cadmium or lead in the blood is thus linked in particular to an increase in the risk of kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or cancer.
- Hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration are currently the most conventionally used treatments for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and are unfortunately associated with excess mortality from infection or cardiovascular disease (M. Tonelli et al., BMC Medicine, 2009).
- These techniques consist of allowing, through a membrane permeable to molecules of small and medium molecular weight, free exchanges of ions and toxins between a fluid called dialysate and the patient's blood. This technique makes it possible to extract toxic molecules or atoms such as heavy metals from the blood.
- a dialysis fluid is essentially made up of water. The objective of dialysis being to purify the blood, it goes without saying that the water used for the preparation of a dialysis fluid must be sterile and as pure as possible.
- Heavy metals are known to promote oxidative stress, and a reduction in their content in dialysis fluids would provide benefits in terms of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, artherosclerosis, reduced kidney function, joints and bones and also neurodegenerative diseases. By capturing heavy metals, the patient's endothelium is preserved.
- new devices such as ultrafiltration filters, make it possible to reduce the level of endotoxins directly on the dialysis fluid circulation line, before passing through the dialyzer, or even before their direct reinsertion into the patient in case of haemodiafiltration.
- dialysis fluid circulation line Several tens of liters of dialysis fluids can thus be directly injected into the patient during a session, and the quality of the fluid is very important. If these devices, such as the DIASAFE hemodialysis filter Plus, allow effective retention of microbial contamination and/or bacterial endotoxins, they are ineffective on the retention of free metals.
- the invention presented lies, which relates in particular to the use of a chelating polymeric adjuvant, present in a very small quantity in the dialysate and capable of chelating undesirable heavy metals, while having a sufficient size to prevent its release into the body during dialysis.
- An object of the invention is therefore to propose a method for preparing a composition for dialysis, independent of the place of implementation of the dialysis.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a dialysis composition having extremely low levels of diffusible heavy metals (lead and cadmium in the form of free cations or associated with small molecules/complexing ions), below ppb and preferably below 0.1 ppb.
- An additional objective is to propose a method making it possible to prevent pollution by exogenous metals such as lead or cadmium from the dialysis patient.
- the invention relates to a composition for dialysis, comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, said polymer being present in an amount sufficient to be in a concentration of between 0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L in the dialysate during dialysis of a patient.
- the invention also relates to a method for capturing at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, present in a dialysis fluid, comprising a step of addition to said dialysis fluid of a sufficient quantity of a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, thus allowing the capture of said toxic metal by chelation with the chelating agent of said polymer.
- a method for capturing at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium
- the invention also relates to the use of a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa bearing at least one chelating agent for at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium to prepare a composition for dialysis, for example for hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration, in particular a composition according to the invention.
- a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa bearing at least one chelating agent for at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium to prepare a composition for dialysis, for example for hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration, in particular a composition according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a diagram describing the principle of Vivaspin ultrafiltration.
- Figure 2 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ according to example 1.
- Figure 2a is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in interaction with the polymer Mex-CD1 according to example 1.
- Figure 2b is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Cd 2+ in interaction with the polymer Mex-CD1 according to example 1.
- Figure 3 is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in acetic acid according to example 2.
- Figure 4 is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in citric acid according to example 2.
- Figure 5 is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in acetic acid according to Example 3.
- Fig. 6 is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in acetic acid according to Example 3.
- Figure 6 is an HPLC-MS chromatogram of the detection of Pb 2+ in citric acid according to example 3.
- Figure 7 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Pb 2+ according to Example 4.
- FIG. 8 represents 2 graphs representing the efficiency of the capture of Pb 2+ and of Cd 2+ , at high and low concentration, according to Example 5.
- FIG. 9 represents 2 graphs representing the efficiency of the capture of Pb 2+ and of Cd 2+ , at high and low concentration, according to Example 5.
- Figure 9 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ , according to Example 5.
- Figure 10 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Pb 2+ , according to Example 6.
- FIG. 11 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and of Pb 2+ , according to example 7.
- Figure 12 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of the
- FIG. 13 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and of Pb 2+ , according to example 9.
- FIG. 14 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and of Pb 2+ , according to example 9.
- FIG. 14 is a graph representing the efficiency of the capture of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ , according to example 10.
- Figure 15 shows a chromatogram representing the stability of MEX-CD1 in citric acid according to example 11.
- Figure 16 shows a chromatogram representing the stability of PEG@DOTAGA in citric acid according to example 11.
- FIG. 17 [0040] [Fig. 17] Figure 17 a chromatogram representing the chelation of Pb 2+ and
- FIG. 18 is a chromatogram representing the chelation of Pb 2+ and of Cd 2+ in an acid medium according to Example 12.
- FIG. 19 is a chromatogram representing the chelation of Pb 2+ and of Cd 2+ in an acid medium according to Example 12.
- Figure 19 is a chromatogram representing the chelation of aluminum according to example 13.
- Figure 20 is a chromatogram representing the chelation of aluminum in the presence of citrate according to example 13.
- Figure 21 is a graph representing the aluminum concentration measured by ICP-MS according to example 14.
- Figure 22 is a graph representing the percentage of aluminum extracted according to Example 14.
- the invention relates to a composition for dialysis, said composition comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa and carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one metal such as lead, aluminium, chromium, nickel or cadmium, said polymer being in an amount sufficient to be in a concentration of between 0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L in the dialysate (or dialysis fluid) during dialysis of a patient.
- the term “dialysis” encompasses methods for purifying the blood in patients who need it, for example patients suffering from acute or chronic renal insufficiency, in particular renal insufficiency terminal chronicle, and including the use of a dialyzer.
- the dialyzer comprises a porous or semi-permeable membrane, allowing the passage by diffusion or convection of small molecules, while blocking the passage of larger molecules, for example proteins.
- the membrane thus has a cut-off threshold, i.e. the molecular mass beyond which the membrane is considered strictly impermeable, i.e. capable of blocking 90 %, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or even up to at least 99.9% of the molecules of molecular mass above the cut-off threshold.
- dialysis or "extra renal purification” encompasses in particular hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration.
- Dialysis designates all the methods of extrarenal purification allowing the purification of uremic toxins and the correction of hydroelectrolyte disorders resulting from renal dysfunction (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, acid, base).
- the cut-off threshold of a semi-permeable membrane for hemodialysis is less than 20 to 50 kDa for high permeability membranes.
- the exchanges through the porous or semi-permeable membrane mainly take place by gradient of concentrations on either side of the membrane, a mechanism called diffusion.
- Hemodiafiltration In the context of hemofiltration, the exchanges take place by pressure gradient, from the dialysate to the blood, called convection. Hemodiafiltration is the most commonly prescribed technique, it combines diffusion and convection (B. Canaud, Principles and procedures for applying hemodialysis to the treatment of chronic renal failure. Nephrology and therapy 2009).
- the extra renal purification devices used with the present invention therefore allow exchanges between dialysate and blood through a semi-permeable membrane, they comprise (1) a reservoir containing ultrapure water, (2) a generator that provides extracorporeal blood circulation, dialysate circulation and generates dialysate (or dialysis fluid), (3) a semi-permeable membrane, also called a dialyzer, (4) an extracorporeal blood circulation device and (5) vascular access.
- extracorporeal blood circulation device means a device making it possible to achieve a diversion of venous blood flow in a circuit located outside the body with a circulation rate of 300 to 400 ml/min in adults. (variable in children, in neonatology >10 ml/min).
- dialysate or “dialysis fluid” (used interchangeably) corresponds to the fluid prepared by the generator, and used during the dialysis session for correction of hydroelectrolyte disorders.
- the dialysate results from a mixture from the acid bath (acetic acid, citric acid or hydrochloric acid), ions (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium), glucose, sterile ultrapure water and bicarbonate buffer.
- an ultrafiltration purification device eg DIASAFE (R) plus or DIACLEAR (R) Ultrafiltrate
- the composition of the dialysate can be measured upstream or at the outlet of an ultrapurification filter. It is preferably heard upstream of these filters, at the level of the input connection.
- dialysate generator produces continuously and extemporaneously 120 to 170 liters of dialysate per session.
- Certain short hemodialysis protocols (2 hours per session, and 6 sessions per week), called daily hemodialysis, use generators (NxStage, Physidia S3) which require dialysate in sterile 5-litre bags, of the same composition as described previously.
- composition for dialysis thus means any composition suitable for its use in the preparation of a dialysate or dialysis fluid.
- composition for dialysis encompasses the dialysate, or a concentrated solution (additive) allowing the preparation of the dialysis fluid after dilution in sterile water, and, where appropriate with d other additives.
- the composition for dialysis according to the invention is a concentrated solution for dialysis or an additive for concentrated solution.
- Said concentrated solutions include in particular concentrated acid solutions, comprising at least a sufficient quantity of acid, for example chosen from acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid, associated with a mixture of ions, such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium or magnesium, with glucose, to this solution is added the bicarbonate buffer and sterile ultrapure water.
- concentrated acid solutions comprising at least a sufficient quantity of acid, for example chosen from acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid, associated with a mixture of ions, such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium or magnesium, with glucose, to this solution is added the bicarbonate buffer and sterile ultrapure water.
- composition for dialysis according to the invention is a concentrated solution further comprising one or more electrolytes, in particular chosen from sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium or calcium, and bicarbonates.
- the composition for dialysis is a concentrated solution comprising, in addition to said polymer, an acid and several electrolytes, in particular chosen from sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium and calcium, and bicarbonates.
- the composition for dialysis according to the invention is a concentrated solution packaged in a pocket suitable for a dialysis device, preferably a pocket containing a volume of solution comprised between 500 and 5000 mL and an amount of said polymer of between 5 and 5000 mg and preferably between 10 and 100 mg.
- the polymer has a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa.
- the polymer has an average molecular mass greater than the cut-off threshold of the semi-permeable membrane used in the dialysis device.
- the polymer has a weight-average molecular mass of between 100 kDa and 900 kDa, more preferably between 250 kDa and 750 kDa and even more preferably between 400 kDa and 600 kDa.
- the polymer is a random polysaccharide carrying at least one chelating agent.
- the average molecular mass of the polymer can be determined by steric exclusion chromatography.
- the polymer according to the invention preferably the polysaccharide of formula I or II below, has a complexation constant of at least 10 15 for a transition element d or f.
- the polymer is a random polysaccharide of formula I [0061] [Chem. 1]:
- each Rc independently represents a group comprising a chelating agent
- each Z independently represents a binder which may be a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched and possibly comprising one or more unsaturations and possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms, preferably chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and atoms of the halogen family,.
- x is between 0.005 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.6, and more preferably between 0.25 and 0.4
- y is between 0.01 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.2, the ratio y/x being greater than or equal to 0.05, preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and the sum x + y being greater than or equal to 0.30, preferably greater than or equal to 0.35.
- Rc groups may be present in the polysaccharide. These Rc groups can be identical to or different from each other. They are all independently chosen from the groups bearing a chelating agent.
- Z binders several Z binders may be present, and they may be identical or different from each other.
- x is between 0.05 and
- y is between 0.1 and 0.9, the ratio y/x being greater than 0.16, and the sum x+y being greater than 0.4.
- the polysaccharide of formula I is a polysaccharide of formula II
- Rci and RC 2 are different, and are groups comprising a chelating agent
- Zi and 2.2 which are identical or different, are binders which may be a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched and possibly comprising one or more unsaturations and possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms , preferably chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and atoms of the halogen family,
- x is between 0.005 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.6, and more preferably between 0.25 and 0.4
- y is between 0.01 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.2, the y/x ratio being greater than or equal to 0.05, preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, the sum x + y being greater than or equal to 0.30, preferably greater than or equal to 0.35
- z is between 0.5 and 1.
- z is between 0.8 and 0.99, the Rci group is therefore largely in the majority.
- x is between 0.05 and 0.6
- y is between 0.1 and 0.9
- the y/x ratio being greater than 0.16
- the sum x + y being greater than 0.4.
- Rc-type group means the Rc groups in the polysaccharide of formula I, and the Rci and Rc2 groups, when the Rc2 group is present, in the polysaccharide of formula II.
- the Rc group is a chelating agent.
- the Rc group makes it possible to chelate one or more metals by forming a complex.
- the groups Rc, Rci and Rc2 are chelating agents.
- the groups Rc, Rci and Rc2 make it possible to chelate one or more metals by forming a complex.
- Each of the groups Rc, Rci and Rc2 can contain one or more coordination sites.
- the coordination site is a nitrogen or oxygen atom.
- each of the groups Rc, Rci and Rc2 comprises between 4 and 8 coordination sites, more advantageously between 6 and 8 coordination sites and even more advantageously each of the groups Rc, Rci and Rc2 comprises 8 coordination sites. coordination.
- coordination site is meant a single function capable of chelate a metal.
- an amine function represents a coordination site by the formation of a dative bond between the nitrogen atom and the metal and a hydroxamic acid function also represents a coordination site by the formation of a dative bond between the oxygen of the carbonyl unit and by a covalent bond with the oxygen of the N-oxide unit the coordination site thus forming a five-membered ring.
- each Rc group is independently chosen from the group consisting of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N ”,N”'-teracetic acid), NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid), NODAGA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1-glutaric-4,7-diacetic acid ), DOTAGA (2-(4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)pentanedioic acid), DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl) - 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane), D03AM (2-'4,7,10-tris(2-amino-2oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-te
- Rci and RC 2 are independently chosen from the group consisting of DOTA, NOTA, NODAGA, DOTAGA, DOTAM, D03AM, NOTAM, DOTP, NOTP, TETA, TETAM, DTPA and DFO, preferably from the group consisting of DOTAGA, DFO, DOTAM and DTPA.
- the group consisting of DOTAGA, DFO, DOTAM and DTPA preferably from the group consisting of DOTAGA, DFO, DOTAM and DTPA.
- the Rci group is DOTAGA and the Rc2 group is DFO.
- type Z binder is meant the binders Z in the polysaccharide of formula I, and the binders Zi and Z2, when the binder Z2 is present, in the polysaccharide of formula II.
- each Z is independently a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched and possibly comprising one or more unsaturations and possibly comprising one or more several heteroatoms, preferably chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and atoms of the halogen family.
- each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: a bond, a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, and a linear or branched alkenyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl and alkenyl chains possibly being interrupted by one or more C6-C10 aryl groups, and/or by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S -, -C(O)-, -NR'-, -C(0)NR'-, -NR'-C(O)-, -NR'-C(0)-NR'-, -NR'- C(0)-0-, -0-C(0)NR', -C(S)NR'-, -NR'-C(S)-, -NR'-C(S)-NR' said chains alkyl and alkenyl which may be substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen,
- each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: a bond and a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl chain possibly being interrupted by one or more groups C6-C10 aryl, and/or by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NR'-, -C(0)NR'- , -NR'-C(O)-, -C(S)NR'-, -NR'-C(S)-, -NR'-C(S)-NR', each R' is independently H or a C1-C6 alkyl .
- each Z is an alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms.
- each Z is a polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- Z1 and Z2 are independently a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched and possibly comprising one or more unsaturations and possibly comprising a or more heteroatoms, preferably chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and atoms of the halogen family.
- Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a bond, a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, and a linear alkenyl chain or branched chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl and alkenyl chains possibly being interrupted by one or more C6-C10 aryl groups, and/or by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, - S-, -C(O)-, -NR'-, -C(0)NR'-, -NR'-C(O)-, -NR'-C(0)-NR'-, -NR' -C(0)-0-, -0-C(0)NR', -C(S)NR'-, -NR'-C(S)-, -NR'-C(S)-NR' said alkyl and alkenyl chains possibly being substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of
- Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: a bond and a linear or branched alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl chain possibly being interrupted by one or more C6-C10 aryl groups, and/or by one or more heteroatoms or groups selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -NR'-, -C(0)NR' -, -NR'-C(O)-, -C(S)NR'-, -NR'-C(S)-, -NR'-C(S)-NR', each R' is independently H or a C1-C6 alkyl .
- Z1 and/or Z2 is an alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms.
- Z1 and/or Z2 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- the polymer of formula I is composed of 3 monomeric units, namely an A unit of N-acetylglucosamine type, a B unit of glucosamine type and a C unit of the glucosamine type functionalized by a chelating agent (Rc) linked by a linker Z to the nitrogen of the glucosamine.
- Rc chelating agent
- the polysaccharide according to the invention is composed of 3 monomeric units, namely an N-acetylglucosamine type A unit, a glucosamine type B unit and a glucosamine type C type unit functionalized with a chelating agent (of type Rc) bound by a (Z-type) linker to the glucosamine nitrogen.
- the polymer of formula I or II is a random polymer. In other words, the sequence of the different A, B and C-type monomeric units is random.
- x represents the proportion of A units and x is between 0.05 and 0.7, preferably x is between 0.2 and 0.6, more preferred x is between 0.25 and 0.4.
- y represents the proportion of C units and y is between 0.1 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.2.
- the y/x ratio is preferably between 0.15 and 1.5.
- the sum x+y is preferably between 0.35 and 0.8.
- the polymer is a biocompatible polymer, for example of the polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyacrylamides, polyamines or polycarboxylic type.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- PLGA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- polyacrylamides polyamines or polycarboxylic type.
- the biocompatible polymer preferably a PEG
- the polymer is a PEG comprising a chelating agent which can be chosen from a PEG functionalized with DOTAGA, a PEG functionalized with EDTA, a PEG functionalized with DTPA, a PEG functionalized with DFO, and a PEG functionalized with DOTA.
- a chelating agent which can be chosen from a PEG functionalized with DOTAGA, a PEG functionalized with EDTA, a PEG functionalized with DTPA, a PEG functionalized with DFO, and a PEG functionalized with DOTA.
- the polymer is chosen from polysaccharides of formula I, polysaccharides of formula II and PEGs comprising a chelating agent.
- the chelating agent of the polymer is capable of chelating the heavy metals likely to be present in the waters and liquids used for the preparation of the dialysate.
- the concentration of the polymer in the composition for dialysis is sufficient to allow a free residual heavy metal concentration in the dialysate which is less than 0.1 ppb.
- free residual concentration we mean the concentration of toxic heavy metals, typically lead and cadmium, not complexed with the chelating agent of the polymer in the dialysate and therefore likely to cross the semi-permeable membrane of the dialysis device.
- the chelating agent is therefore preferably present in the dialysate during the step of dialysis of a patient at a concentration of between 10 4 mmol.L 1 and 10 6 mmol .L 1 .
- the composition for dialysis comprises a sufficient quantity of polymer to be in a concentration in the dialysate of between 0.1 mg/L and 10 mg/L, if necessary after dilution.
- concentration of the polymer in the concentrated solution is preferably between 4.5 and 450 mg/L.
- the polymer used is stable in acid, in particular acetic acid or citric acid.
- the present invention relates to an additive, in particular a ready-to-use concentrated solution for dialysis, for example hemodialysis, and comprising
- a) one or more electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, acetate or citrate, and (b) at least one sugar, such as glucose or dextrose.
- Said concentrated solution can be packaged in the form of a pouch, cartridge or canister, for example with a view to a 1/45 or 1/35 dilution with a dialysate generator.
- the present invention relates to an acidic concentrated solution, in particular a ready-to-use acidic concentrated solution for dialysis, for example hemodialysis, and comprising
- Said concentrated acid solution can be packaged in the form of a bag or canister, for example with a view to a 1/45 or 1/35 dilution with a dialysate generator.
- the invention also relates to a PEG with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa bearing at least one chelating agent for at least one metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, the chelating agent preferably being selected from the group consisting of EDTA, DOTA, NOTA, NODAGA, DOTAGA, DOTAM, D03AM, NOTAM, DOTP, NOTP, TETA, TETAM, DT PA and DFO, and more preferably in the group made up of DOTAGA, EDTA, DFO, DOTAM and DTPA.
- the PEG comprises between 1 pmol and 1 mmol of chelating agent per gram of polymer.
- the invention also relates to a composition for dialysis comprising such a PEG, said PEG being present in an amount sufficient to be in a concentration of between 0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L in the dialysate during dialysis of a patient.
- compositions described above are advantageously used to capture the toxic metals likely to be present in the waters and liquids used to prepare the dialysate.
- the invention relates to a method for capturing at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, likely to be present in a dialysis fluid comprising a step of adding to said dialysis fluid a sufficient quantity of a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic exogenous metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, and in particular one of the polymers described in the preceding paragraph, more preferably the polymer of formula (I) or (II), or a PEG comprising a chelating agent.
- a toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium
- the polymer is present in a concentrated solution suitable for its use in a dialysis device, as described above, for example an acidic concentrated solution.
- the dialysis fluid comprising the polymer is introduced into the reservoir of the dialysis device capable of being connected to an extracorporeal blood circulation device comprising a porous dialysis membrane, typically having a cut-off threshold lower than the average molecular mass of said polymer, for example lower than 20 kDa.
- the polymer captures any toxic metals that may be present in the water or the liquids or powders used during the preparation of the dialysis fluid by complexation with the chelating agent.
- the polymer does not pass into the blood because of its molecular weight greater than the cut-off threshold of the semi-porous membrane of the dialysis device.
- the dialysis fluid comprising the polymer is introduced upstream of an ultrafiltration filter, and in particular upstream of a filter which makes it possible to obtain an ultrapure dialysis fluid, with in particular a level of microbial contamination ⁇ 0.1 CFU/ml and/or a level of bacterial endotoxins ⁇ 0.03 lU/ml.
- the dialysis fluid comprising the polymer makes it possible to sequester toxic metals upstream and thus purify dialysis water with less than 1 ppb in heavy metals and even less than 0.1 ppb in lead and/or Cadmium in particular.
- the dialysis fluid comprising the polymer can be injected upstream of a Diasafe (R) plus or DIACLEAR (R) Ultrafiltrate type filter or equivalent, it can also be injected downstream, directly before the dialyzer in contact with the patient's blood.
- a Diasafe (R) plus or DIACLEAR (R) Ultrafiltrate type filter or equivalent it can also be injected downstream, directly before the dialyzer in contact with the patient's blood.
- the capture method according to the present invention is implemented to capture aluminum, for example, in order to obtain a concentration of non-complexed aluminum of less than 1 ppb in the dialysate.
- the capture method according to the present invention is implemented to capture lead, for example, in order to obtain a concentration of non-complexed lead of less than 0.1 ppb in the dialysate, preferably in the dialysate at the inlet of the dialyzer and/or for direct injection into the blood, that is to say upstream or downstream of the filter.
- the capture method according to the present invention is implemented to capture cadmium, for example, in order to obtain a concentration of non-complexed cadmium of less than 0.01 ppb in the dialysate, preferably in the dialysate at the inlet of the dialyzer and/or for direct injection into the blood, that is to say upstream or downstream of the filter.
- the present method is implemented in a dialysis session of a patient, for example a patient suffering from acute or chronic renal failure. In this embodiment, at least 120 L of dialysis fluid can be used.
- the invention also relates to a method for treating liquids used in the preparation of a dialysis fluid, said method comprising a step of adding to said dialysis fluid a sufficient quantity of a polymer of average molecular weight by weight between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic exogenous metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, and in particular one of the polymers described in preceding paragraph, more preferably the polymer of formula (I).
- the invention relates to the use of a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent for at least one toxic exogenous metal such as lead , aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, in particular a polymer as defined above, and in particular the polymer of formula (I), to prepare a dialysis fluid, a concentrated acid solution, or powdered bicarbonate concentrate or any other solution containing electrolytes.
- a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent for at least one toxic exogenous metal such as lead , aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, in particular a polymer as defined above, and in particular the polymer of formula (I), to prepare a dialysis fluid, a concentrated acid solution, or powdered bicarbonate concentrate or any other solution containing electrolytes.
- the invention also relates to the method for preparing a dialysis fluid, said method comprising the use of a composition for dialysis fluid as described above, and comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, in a dialysate generator in order to produce a dialysate comprising said polymer in a concentration sufficient to complex said toxic metals.
- a composition for dialysis fluid as described above, and comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, in a dialysate generator in order to produce a dialysate comprising said polymer in a concentration sufficient to complex said toxic metals.
- the invention also relates to liquid concentrates, for example packaged in the form of a bag, cartridge or container suitable for their use in a dialysis device, and comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent for at least one toxic exogenous metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, in particular a polymer as defined above, and in particular the polymer of formula (I) ; for their use in a dialysis process in a patient who needs them, for example a patient suffering from acute or chronic renal failure.
- Such liquid concentrates may further comprise an acid, for example, citric, acetic or hydrochloric acid.
- the polymer is in sufficient quantity to allow the capture of toxic metals likely to be present in the liquids used in the preparation of the dialysate. Use of the composition for dialysis
- composition for dialysis according to the invention can be used on patients with plasma lead levels greater than 1 ppb or plasma cadmium levels greater than 0.1 ppb.
- composition for dialysis according to the invention can be used on patients who also have cardiovascular diseases and/or a neurodegenerative disease and/or joint problems or bone fragility.
- composition for dialysis according to the invention can be used on patients who are going to undergo a kidney transplant within one year and preferably within 3 months.
- the invention relates to a composition for dialysis, comprising a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa bearing at least one chelating agent of at least one metal such as lead , aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, said polymer being present in an amount sufficient to be in a concentration of between 0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L in the dialysate during dialysis of a patient.
- Variant 2 Composition for dialysis according to variant 1, characterized in that the metal is chosen from heavy metals such as lead or cadmium.
- Variant 3 Composition for dialysis according to variant 1 or 2, characterized in that the chelating agent is chosen from the group consisting of DOTA, NOTA, NODAGA, DOTAGA, DOTAM, D03AM, NOTAM, DOTP, NOTP, TETA , TETAM, DTPA, EDTA and DFO, preferably from the group consisting of DOTAGA, DFO, DOTAM and DTPA and more preferably DOTAGA.
- Variant 4 Composition for dialysis according to one of variants 1 to 3, characterized in that the polymer is a random polysaccharide bearing at least one chelating agent.
- Variant 5 Composition for dialysis according to one of variants 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer is a random polysaccharide of formula I: Formula I in which: each Rc independently represents a group comprising a chelating agent, each Z independently represents a binder which may be a single bond or a hydrocarbon chain comprising between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched and possibly comprising one or more unsaturations and possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms, preferably chosen from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and atoms of the halogen family, x is between 0.005 and 0.7, preferably between 0, 05 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.6, and more preferably between 0.25 and 0.4, y is between 0.01 and 0.7, preferably between 0.05 and 0.2 , the ratio y/x being greater than or equal to 0.05, preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and the sum x+y being greater than or equal to 0.30, preferably greater than or equal to 0.35.
- Variant 6 Composition for dialysis according to one of variants 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymer is a biocompatible polymer, for example of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) type.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- Variant 7 Composition for dialysis, according to one of variants 1 to 6, characterized in that it is a concentrated solution or an additive for a concentrated solution for dialysis, preferably a concentrated solution acid comprising, in addition to the polymer, a sufficient quantity of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, or citric acid.
- Variant 8 Composition for dialysis, according to one of variants 1 to 7, characterized in that it is a concentrated solution comprising one or more electrolytes, in particular chosen from sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium or calcium, and bicarbonates.
- Variant 9 Composition for dialysis, according to one of variants 1 to 7, characterized in that it is a concentrated solution packaged in a bag suitable for a dialysis device, preferably a bag containing a volume of solution comprised between 500 and 5000 ml_ and an amount of said polymer comprised between 5 and 5000 mg and preferably between 10 and 100 mg.
- Variant 10 The invention relates to a method for capturing at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, present in a dialysis fluid, comprising a step adding to said dialysis fluid a sufficient quantity of a polymer with an average molecular weight by weight of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium, thus allowing the capture of said toxic metal by chelation with the chelating agent of said polymer.
- a toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium
- Variant 11 Collection method according to variant 10, characterized in that the toxic metal is aluminium.
- Variant 12 Collection method according to variant 10, characterized in that the toxic metal is lead and that the concentration in the dialysis fluid is less than 0.1 ppb.
- Variant 13 Collection method according to variant 10, characterized in that the toxic metal is cadmium and that the concentration in the dialysis fluid is less than 0.01 ppb.
- Variant 14 Collection method according to variant 10 or 11, characterized in that at least 120 L of dialysis fluid is used in dialysis of a patient.
- Variant 15 Collection method according to one of variants 10 to 12, characterized in that the dialysis fluid is introduced into a reservoir of a dialysis device, capable of being connected to a blood circulation device extracorporeal comprising a porous dialysis membrane.
- Variant 16 Method according to variant 13, characterized in that the cut-off threshold of the porous membrane is less than the size of the polymer.
- a polymer with a weight-average molecular mass of between 20 kDa and 1000 kDa carrying at least one chelating agent of at least one toxic metal such as lead, aluminum, chromium, nickel or cadmium for preparing a composition for dialysis, for example for hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration, in particular a composition according to one of variants 1 to 9.
- step 1 60 g of chitosan, 4 L of ultra-pure water and 45 ml of glacial acetic acid are introduced into a 10 L reactor and placed under stirring for a period of 16 hours at a pH of 4.5 ⁇ 0.5. A pale yellow solution is obtained.
- step 2 1.2 L of propane-1,2-diol are added to the pale yellow solution obtained in step 1 and stirring is maintained for 1 hour.
- a solution composed of 14 ml_ of acetic anhydride dissolved in 600 ml_ of propane-1,2-diol is then added slowly over 10 min in order to obtain homogeneous acetylation along the polymer chain, the reaction medium is kept under stirring for 4 hrs.
- the acetylation rate can be determined by elemental analysis.
- the non-acetylated unit of the polysaccharide (unit B) has a molar mass of 161.2 g. mol 1 (C 6 NO 4 H 11 ) while the acetylated unit (unit A) has a molar mass of 203.2 g. mol 1 (C 8 NO 5 H 13 ).
- stage 3 2 L of the solution obtained in stage 2 of acetylation, are placed in a stirred reactor. 120 g of DOTAGA anhydride are then added and stirring is maintained for 16 h. At the end of this reaction, the solution is diluted by 10 in ultra-pure water and purified by tangential filtration using a membrane of 100 kDa. After a first step of re-concentration up to 16 L, the solution is filtered through 480 L of 0.1 M acetic acid solution at constant volume (16 L), followed by 320 L of ultra-pure water and by another step of re-concentration up to 8 L. The HPLC-UV makes it possible to verify that the DOTAGA has indeed been eliminated.
- the peak around 7 min corresponds to the polymer while the peak around 11 min corresponds to the non-grafted DOTAGA.
- the solution with a polysaccharide concentration of 10 g/L is then filtered through a nylon filter (0.4 ⁇ m) before freeze-drying.
- the proton NMR makes it possible to determine the level y of functionalization by the DOTAGA on the polysaccharide by knowing the level x of acetylation.
- the non-grafted and non-acetylated unit (unit B) consists of 7 protons, covalently bonded to carbon atoms, with a chemical shift between 2.9 and 4.3 ppm.
- the acetylated unit (unit A) has these same 7 protons as well as 3 protons, covalently bonded to a carbon atom, present on the acetyl characterized by a chemical shift between 2 and 2.2 ppm.
- the unit grafted with DOTAGA (unit C) includes 34 protons, covalently bonded to carbon atoms, of which 32 integrate between 2.9 and 4.3 ppm and 2 integrate between 2 and 2.2 ppm.
- the NMR spectrum allows thanks to the integrations of the different solid masses to determine the values of y thanks to the following equation:
- the rate of grafted unit (unit C) is approximately 0.1.
- the level of grafted units can also be determined by fluorescence with europium.
- Europium indeed presents a luminescence mainly centered around 590 ( 5 Do -> 7 Fi) and 615 nm ( 5 Do -> 7 F2). This luminescence is extinguished when the europium ion is coordinated only with water molecules.
- the principle of the method for determining the rate of grafted units is to add increasing amounts of europium, so that it is chelated, the luminescence then increases, when all the chelation sites are filled, the luminescence reaches a plateau.
- the polysaccharide obtained at the end of step 3 was placed in an acetate buffer at pH 5, a europium chloride salt dissolved in the acetate buffer was then added.
- the PEG used is an 8-Arm PEG Amine with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, purchased from Creative PEGWork.
- DOTAGA-anhydride (2,2',2”-(10-(2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl) triacetic acid) was supplied by Chematech and used as is. The synthesis was carried out in DMSO (Fischer Chemicals). VIVAFLOW 30kDa cassettes for purification were purchased from Sartorius. A mass of 10 g of PEG was weighed and inserted into a 500 mL flask.
- a volume of 250 mL of DMSO was added and the solution was stirred and heated to 40°C by a hot water bath. Once the polymer was completely solubilized, a mass of 2.8 g of DOTAGA-anhydride was weighed and inserted into the PEG solution. The solution was stirred and heated at 40°C for 1 hour 30 minutes. The solution was then purified with ultrapure water using a Vivaflow cassette with a cut-off threshold of 30 kDa up to a purification rate of 1500. The purified product is then freeze-dried. The average mass of product recovered is 496 mg and 23.2 mg per 20 mL of solution.
- the amount of grafted chelator is determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometric assay at 295 nm for DOTAGA.
- Increasing concentrations of copper (II) are added to a solution of Peg@DOTAGA at 1.0 g/L in an acetate buffer at pH 4.5 (0.1 M ammonium acetate and 0.1 M acetic acid).
- the absorption measured at 295 nm is then plotted against the copper concentration (in mmol/g). The break in slope observed indicates that the Peg@DOTAGA contains 0.14 mmol of DOTAGA per gram of polymer.
- the PEG used is an 8-Arm PEG Amine with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, purchased from Creative PEGWork.
- EDTA di-anhydride (4-[2-(2,6-dioxomorpholin-4-yl)ethyl]morpholine-2,6-dione) and DTPA di-anhydride (2-[bis[2-(2, 6-dioxomorpholin-4-yl)ethyl]amino]acetic acid) were supplied by Chematech and used as is.
- the synthesis was carried out in DMSO (Fischer Chemicals).
- VIVAFLOW 30 kDa cassettes for purification were purchased from Sartorius.
- a solution of EDTA di-anhydride at 24 g/L and a solution of DTPA di-anhydride at 35 g/L were prepared in DMSO.
- a volume of 10 mL of the chelating agent solution (EDTA diananhydride at 24 g/L or DTPA diananhydride at 35 g/L) is inserted into a 100 mL flask then the solution was placed under stirring and heated to 40° C. by a hot water bath.
- a volume of 40 mL of a 6.25 g/L solution of PEG in DMSO is inserted into a dropping funnel. This solution is added drop by drop. Once the addition was complete, the solution was stirred and heated at 40° C.
- the amount of grafted chelator is determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometric assay at 295 nm for EDTA and 275 nm for DTPA.
- Increasing concentrations of copper (II) are added to a solution of PEG-EDTA or PEG-DTPA at 1.0 g/L in an acetate buffer at pH 4.5 (0.1 M ammonium acetate and 0.1 M acetic acid) .
- the absorption measured at 295 nm (or 275 nm) is then plotted against the copper concentration (in mmol/g). The breaks in slope observed indicate that PEG-EDTA and PEG-DTPA contain respectively 0.16 mmol of EDTA and 0.12 mmol of DTPA per gram of polymer.
- the PEG used is an 8-Arm PEG Amine with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, purchased from Creative PEGWork.
- p-NCS-Bz-DFO N1-hydroxy-N1-(5-(4-(hydroxy(5-(3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)thioureido)pentyl)amino)-4-oxobutanamido)pentyl)-N4- (5-(N-hydroxyacetamido)pentyl)succinamide) was supplied by Chematech and used as is. The synthesis was carried out in DMSO (Fischer Chemicals). VIVAFLOW 30kDa cassettes for purification were purchased from Sartorius.
- a mass of 1 g of PEG was weighed and inserted into a 250 mL flask. A volume of 100 mL of DMSO was added and the solution was stirred and heated to 40°C by a hot water bath. Once the polymer has completely dissolved, a mass of 69.4 mg of p-NCS-Bz-DFO was weighed and inserted into the PEG solution. The solution was stirred and heated at 40°C for 1h30min. The solution was then purified with ultrapure water using a Vivaflow cassette with a cut-off threshold of 30 kDa up to a purification rate of 25000. The purified product is then freeze-dried, the average mass of recovered product is 25 mg per 5 mL of solution.
- the quantity of p-NCS-Bz-DFO grafted can be determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometric assay at 430 nm.
- Increasing concentrations of iron (III) are added to a solution of PEG-DFO at 1.0 g/L in an acetate buffer at pH 4.5 (0.1 M ammonium acetate and 0.1 M acetic acid).
- the absorption measured at 430 nm is then plotted against the iron concentration and a break in slope is observed for 7.9 mM of iron.
- a molecule of DFO can complex a single atom of iron, so 1 gram of polymer contains 7.9 pmol of DFO.
- the PEG used is an 8-Arm PEG Amine with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, purchased from Creative PEGWork.
- DOTA-NHS (2-[4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec- 1-yl]acetic acid) was supplied by Chematech and used as is. The synthesis was carried out in DMSO (Fischer Chemicals). The 30 kDa PES membrane used for purification was purchased from Sartorius and used with the SARTOFLOW SMART purification machine.
- a 16.67 g/L solution of PEG was prepared in DMSO. A volume of 30 mL of this solution is inserted into a 100 mL flask, the solution was stirred and heated to 40°C by a hot water bath. A solution of DOTA-NHS at 7.5 g/L was prepared in DMSO. A volume of 20 mL of the DOTA-NHS solution is inserted into a funnel. This solution is added drop by drop. Once the addition was complete, the solution was stirred and heated at 40°C for 1 h 30 min.
- the solution was then purified in the SARTOFLOW SMART machine with a membrane having a cut-off threshold of 30 kDa, with 8 L of ultra-pure water then 3 L of acetic acid and finally 2 L of water to return to pH neutral.
- the amount of grafted chelator is determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometric assay at 275 nm.
- Increasing concentrations of copper (II) are added to a solution of PEG-DOTA at 1.0 g/L in an acetate buffer at pH 4.5 (0.1 M ammonium acetate and 0.1 M acetic acid).
- the absorption measured at 275 nm is then plotted against the copper concentration (in mmol/g). The break in slope observed indicates that the PEG-DOTA contains 0.16 mmol of DOTA per gram of polymer.
- the lyophilized MexCDI was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- Solution 2 10 g/L Peg@DOTAGA
- the lyophilized PEG@DOTAGA was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- Solution 3 10 g/L Peg@EDTA
- the lyophilized PEG@DTPA was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- Solution 5 Concentrated acetic acid standard for hemodialysis
- composition of the standard solution of concentrated acetic acid is as follows: 263 g/L NaCl, 3.35 g/L KCl, 6.24 g/L CaCl 2 , 2.14 g/L MgCl 2 , 10.8 g/L acetic acid and
- This solution has a pH of 1.95.
- Solution 6 Concentrated citric acid standard for hemodialysis
- composition of the standard solution of concentrated citric acid is as follows: 263 g/L NaCI, 3.35 g/L KCI, 6.24 g/L CaCI 2 , 2.14 g/L MgCI 2 , 1.11 g/L acetate, 6.92 g/L citric acid and 45.0 g/L Dextrose.
- This solution has a pH of 1.08.
- Solution 7 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 4.6
- the acetate buffer solution contains 11.4 mL of acetic acid (MS-grade), 15.4 g of ammonium acetate and 2 L of ultra-pure water.
- Solution 8 0.010 M HEPES buffer, pH 7.4
- the buffer solution contains 2.383 g HEPES (Sigma Aldrich) in 1000 mL of ultra-pure water, the pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide .
- Protocol 1 High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- the eluent used is the acetate buffer (solution 7), 10 pl of sample are injected and eluted at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.
- the column used is a Polysep GFC-P 4000 SEC column and detection is performed with a UV detector at 250 nm and 295 nm wavelengths.
- Protocol 2 High Pressure Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS)
- the eluent used is acetate buffer (solution 7 prepared with MS-Grade certified products), the injection volume is 10 pL and the flow rate is set at 0.4 mL/min.
- the column used is an SEC Polysep GFC-P 4000 column, the HPLC is coupled to a mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for the detection of the desired isotopes.
- Protocol 3 Ultrafiltration experiment using Vivaspin tubes
- the membrane Ideally, at least 1 mL of supernatant remains above the membrane and is analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the exact concentration factor of the experiment.
- the samples were diluted at least 10 times with a 1% nitric acid solution.
- An internal standard (Indium) was added to each sample to reach a final indium concentration of 2 ppb.
- the analyzes were carried out in KED (Kinetic Energy Discrimination) mode with a flow of helium in the chamber.
- the isotopes detected are: 208 Pb, 206 Pb, 111 Cd, 112 Cd, 114 Cd, 63 Cu, 65 Cu, 27 Al.
- Figure 2 shows that lead and cadmium are captured by the functionalized polymer product, MEXCD1, in the ppb concentration range.
- Figure 2 the ordinate is the air of the polymer peak and the abscissa the original concentration of metals.
- the linear regression shows that the uptake of lead and cadmium increases linearly with the amount of polymer introduced (R2 greater than 0.99).
- Figures 2a and 2b below are the HPLC/SEC chromatograms coupled with ICP-MS for the detection of lead or cadmium.
- the peaks correspond to the polymer peaks which have a retention time of around 15 minutes.
- the increase in the area of the peak corresponding to the polymer with the increase in the initial concentration of lead or cadmium illustrates the increasingly strong capture of lead and cadmium according to the concentrations introduced.
- Figures 3 and 4 show that the polymer dispersed at 0, a solution representative of an acid concentrate (with acetic acid or citric acid) is effective in capturing lead as soon as the dialysis fluid begins to form.
- a solution representative of an acid concentrate with acetic acid or citric acid
- Figures 5 and 6 show that the polymer dispersed at 0, a solution representative of an acid concentrate (with acetic acid or citric acid) is effective in capturing lead as soon as the dialysis fluid begins to form.
- a solution representative of an acid concentrate with acetic acid or citric acid
- the samples were prepared from ultra-pure water, solution 1 and a stock solution of Pb 2+ at 50,000 ppm in nitric acid HNO3 5% to obtain a sample with a volume 100mL total. Following protocol 3, 90 mL of each solution was centrifuged through 20 mL Vivaspins with a cutoff of 30 kDa. The volume of the final supernatant was approximately 10 mL, hence a concentration by one factor 9 of the original sample.
- Table 6 The composition of the samples and the results are given in Table 6.
- HPLC/SEC-ICP-MS chromatogram c (Pb detection) of Figure 7 corresponds to an initial concentration of about 5 ppb in lead and to purification by tangential filtration through a 30 kDa membrane. . If 10 mg/L of MEX-CD1 are put in solution, 8 times less lead passes through the membrane in comparison with the same experiment carried out without MEX-CD1. The product shows efficacy at very low concentrations (0.1 ppb). [0223] Example 5: Chelation of trace metals by MEX-CD1 via
- the samples were prepared from solution 2, ultra-pure water and a Pb 2+ solution at 50,000 ppm in I ⁇ NO35% purchased from SCP Science, the final volume of the sample is 100mL. According to protocol 3, 99 mL of each sample was centrifuged through 6 mL Vivaspins with a pore size of 10 kDa. The final supernatant has a volume of 1 mL, ie a reconcentration by a factor of 99 of the initial sample.
- Table 8 The composition of the samples and the results are given in Table 8.
- FIG. 10 shows the effectiveness of the PEG@DOTAGA product for capturing lead in the ppb range.
- a concentration in solution of the supernatant of 10 to 20 times higher in lead is measured by ICP/MS. We therefore overconcentrated the solution with lead and sequestered part of the lead to prevent it from passing through the porous membrane.
- Example 7 Chelation of trace metals by MEX-CD1 in a situation of dialysis by Ultrafiltration
- Solution 7 was diluted to 10 mM and 100 mg/L of Ca 2+ (from CaCh, Sigma Aldrich) was added to this solution to reproduce an environment similar to that of dialysis.
- the samples were then prepared from this solution, solution 1 and a mixture of metals (Al 2+ , Mn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) at 10 ppm in 5% HNO3 purchased from SCP Science, to obtain a final sample volume of 31 mL.
- 30 mL of each solution was centrifuged through the 30 kDa cut-off membranes of the Vivaspin 6 mL.
- the final supernatant has a volume of 1 mL, i.e. a reconcentration of the initial sample by a factor of 30.
- Figure 11 shows the lead uptake as a function of the original lead concentration.
- Example 8 Chelation of trace metals by Peq@DOTAGA in a situation of dialysis by Ultrafiltration
- Solution 7 was diluted to 10 mM and 100 mg/L of Ca 2+ (from CaCh, Sigma Aldrich) was added to this solution to reproduce an environment similar to that of dialysis.
- the samples were then prepared from this solution, solution 1 and a mixture of metals (Al 2+ , Mn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) at 10 ppm in 5% HNO3 purchased from SCP Science, in order to obtain a sample with a final volume of 31 mL.
- 30 mL of each solution was centrifuged through the 30 kDa membranes of the 6 mL Vivaspin.
- the final supernatant has a volume of 1 mL, i.e. a reconcentration of the initial sample by a factor of 30.
- Figure 12 shows that in the presence of 100 ppm of calcium, the Peg@DOTAGA product added at 100 mg/L is capable of sequestering lead and cadmium, even at low initial levels between 0.1 and 1 ppb.
- the reference without the product
- Example 9 Chelation of trace metals by Peq@EDTA in a situation of dialysis by Ultrafiltration
- Solution 7 was diluted to 10 mM and 100 mg/L of Ca 2+ (from CaCh, Sigma Aldrich) was added to this solution to reproduce an environment similar to that of dialysis.
- the samples were then prepared from this solution, solution 1 and a mixture of metals (Al 2+ , Mn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) at 10 ppm in 5% HNO 3 purchased from SCP Science, in order to obtain a sample with a final volume of 31 mL.
- 30 mL of each solution was centrifuged through the 30 kDa membranes of the 6 mL Vivaspins.
- the final supernatant has a volume of 1 mL, i.e. a reconcentration of the initial sample by a factor of 30.
- Figure 13 shows that in the presence of calcium, the PEG@EDTA product also captures part of the lead and cadmium and prevents it from passing the diafiltration membrane and overconcentrates the supernatant solution, between 0.1 and 1 ppb.
- the supernatant was concentrated by 4.4 in cadmium and by 9.5 in lead.
- Example 11 Stability of polymers in an acid medium
- Figures 15 and 16 show that the product can be dispersed directly into an acid concentrate for use.
- 1 g/L of MEX-CD1 and 1 g/L of PEG@DOTAGA were placed in a solution similar to an acid concentrate of the citric acid and salts type. After several weeks of storage, no modification of the product is observed, the product does not seem to have degraded and retains its capture capacity (tested here with copper) after 3 weeks.
- Example 12 Complexation of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ by PEG-DOTA in an acid medium
- the PEG-DOTA was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 1 g/L.
- the standard solutions of lead and cadmium at 1000 ppm in 5% nitric acid purchased from SCP Science) were diluted by 2000 in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid.
- the PEG-DOTA was diluted to 10 mg/L in dilute acetate buffer (0.01 M ammonium acetate and 0.01 M acetic acid) and 1 ppb of each of the metals (Pb and Cd) was added to the sample.
- the pH was adjusted with 0.1 M or 1 M hydrochloric acid to reach pH 4, 3, 2 or 1.
- Example 13 Complexation of aluminum by PEG-DFO in the presence of citrate
- the freeze-dried PEG-DFO was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- the standard solution of Aluminum at 1000 ppm in 5% nitric acid (purchased from
- the PEG-DFO was diluted to 0.1 g/L in the acetate buffer and 100 ppb of aluminum were added to the sample. When the samples contained citrate, this was added first, then the aluminum and finally the polymer in order to study the ability of PEG-DFO to extract the aluminum already complexed by the citrate.
- the samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS to observe the distribution of aluminum on the different species present (PEG-DFO, citrate or free aluminium). HPLC-MS analysis showed a peak of aluminum bound to the polymer at a retention time of 17 min and a very weak peak of free aluminum at 24 min, which confirms the complexation of aluminum by the polymer (Figure 19).
- the freeze-dried PEG-DFO was dissolved in ultra-pure water at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- the standard solution of Aluminum at 1000 ppm in 5% nitric acid (purchased from SCP Science) was diluted by 200 in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid.
- a solution of EDTA at 8 mM was prepared in the ultra-pure water.
- the samples were prepared in a buffered solution of Hemosol B0 diluted by 100.
- Reference samples of polymer without aluminum and aluminum complexed with 1.1 molar equivalent of EDTA, i.e. 1.189 ppm of EDTA, without polymer were prepared.
- the composition of the different samples is detailed in Table 17.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2108374A FR3125705B1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Composition pour la captation de plomb et/ou de cadmium dans un fluide de dialyse |
| PCT/FR2022/051518 WO2023007096A1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 | 2022-07-28 | Composition pour la captation de plomb et/ou de cadmium dans un fluide de dialyse. |
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| EP4376831A1 true EP4376831A1 (fr) | 2024-06-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP22762123.2A Pending EP4376831A1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 | 2022-07-28 | Composition pour la captation de plomb et/ou de cadmium dans un fluide de dialyse |
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| EP (1) | EP4376831A1 (fr) |
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| EP4551188A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-04 | 2025-05-14 | Mexbrain | Utilisation médicale d'un chitosane fonctionnalisé |
| FR3150126A1 (fr) * | 2023-06-26 | 2024-12-27 | M&Wine | Procédé de captation de métaux dans un liquide ingérable |
| WO2025202672A1 (fr) | 2024-03-25 | 2025-10-02 | Mexbrain | Utilisation médicale de polymère fonctionnalisé |
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| FR3075649A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-28 | Mexbrain | Dispositif pour le maintien de l'homeostasie metallique, et ses utilisations |
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