EP4367700A1 - Disjoncteur - Google Patents

Disjoncteur

Info

Publication number
EP4367700A1
EP4367700A1 EP22782687.2A EP22782687A EP4367700A1 EP 4367700 A1 EP4367700 A1 EP 4367700A1 EP 22782687 A EP22782687 A EP 22782687A EP 4367700 A1 EP4367700 A1 EP 4367700A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
switching device
protective switching
voltage
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22782687.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin TANNHÄUSER
Manfred Heindl
Jörg Hußmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4367700A1 publication Critical patent/EP4367700A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit.
  • low voltage voltages of up to 1000 volts AC or up to 1500 volts DC.
  • Low voltage refers in particular to voltages that are greater than extra-low voltage, with values of 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC, are .
  • Low-voltage circuit or network or system are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 125 amps, more specifically up to 63 amps.
  • Low-voltage circuits are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 50 amps, 40 amps, 32 amps, 25 amps, 16 amps or 10 amps are meant.
  • the current values mentioned mean in particular nominal, rated and/or cut-off currents, i. H . the maximum current that is normally conducted through the circuit or where the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a protective switching device, miniature circuit breaker or circuit breaker.
  • the rated currents can be scaled further, from 0.5 A to 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, etc . up to 16 A.
  • Miniature circuit breakers have long been known overcurrent protection devices that are used in electrical installation technology in low-voltage circuits. These protect lines from damage caused by heating due to excessive current and/or short circuits.
  • a circuit breaker can switch off the circuit automatically in the event of an overload and/or short circuit.
  • a circuit breaker is a non-automatically resetting safety element.
  • circuit breakers are intended for currents greater than 125 A, sometimes even from 63 amperes. Miniature circuit breakers are therefore simpler and more filigree in construction.
  • Miniature circuit breakers usually have a mounting option for mounting on a so-called top-hat rail (mounting rail, DIN rail, TH35).
  • Miniature circuit breakers are built electromechanically. In a housing, they have a mechanical switching contact or Shunt trip for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current on .
  • a bimetallic protective element or Bimetallic element used for tripping (interruption) in the event of prolonged overcurrent (overcurrent protection) or in the event of thermal overload (overload protection).
  • An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for short-term release when an overcurrent limit value is exceeded or used in the event of a short circuit (short circuit protection).
  • One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or Arc extinguishing devices are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interrupting unit are relatively new developments. These have a semiconductor-based electronic interruption unit. D. H . the flow of electrical current in the low-voltage circuit is routed via semiconductor components or semiconductor switches, which interrupt or switch off the flow of electrical current. can be switched to be conductive.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interrupting unit also often have a mechanical isolating contact system, in particular with isolating properties in accordance with relevant standards for low-voltage circuits, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system being connected in series with the electronic interrupting unit, i. H . the current of the low-voltage circuit to be protected is carried both via the mechanical isolating contact system as well as via the electronic interrupting unit.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a protective switching device of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular to specify or to provide a new, simple and improved architecture for such a protective switching device. provide improved components for it.
  • a protective switching device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating current circuit having:
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit can be switched by opening at least one contact (or contacts) to prevent a current flow or by closing at least one contact (or the contacts) for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • the electronic interruption unit can be switched by semiconductor-based switching elements to a high-impedance state of the switching elements to avoid current flow or a low-impedance state of the switching elements to current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • a control unit which is connected to the current sensor unit, the mechanical isolating contact unit and the electronic interrupter unit, with an avoidance when current and/or current time limit values are exceeded a current flow of the low-voltage circuit is initiated,
  • That the mechanical isolating contact unit has a position sensor for determining position information about the closed or open state of the contacts.
  • a protective switching device is proposed, the electronic interruption unit being assigned to the line-side connections, d. H . in the normal case is constantly supplied with energy / on which the voltage is applied , and the mechanical isolating contact unit is associated with the load - side terminals , d . H . interrupts the flow of current to only one load, with the protective switching device (in particular the control unit or the electronic interrupter unit) continuing to be supplied with energy.
  • a determination of the position or Position of at least one contact (or the contacts) performed, d. H . a determination of position information about the closed or opened state of the contacts is carried out.
  • the position information is preferably determined only for the protective switching device, i. H . (In particular only) processed within the protective switching device.
  • the position sensor is connected to the control unit, so that the control unit has position information about the closed or open state of the contacts.
  • the position information is in particular not available outside of the protective switching device.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the position information is used to carry out functional tests on the protective switching device. In particular, checking functions are carried out depending on the position information.
  • checking functions can be carried out depending on the switching status (open/closed).
  • checking functions of different lengths can be carried out. With open contacts, i . H . if a consumer is not yet supplied with energy, longer verification functions are carried out. When the contacts are closed, short checking functions can preferably be carried out in order not to supply the consumer with too much energy and to avoid malfunctions. In this way, advantageously, checking functions of the protective switching device itself as well as connected consumers can be carried out in order to achieve increased safety of the new type of protective switching device and of the low-voltage circuit.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of the voltage across the electronic interrupting unit is determined (in particular with the first voltage sensor unit) to check the function of the protective switching device when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interrupting unit is switched to high resistance. If the voltage falls below a first threshold value, a first fault condition is present, so that the electronic interruption unit is prevented from becoming low-impedance and/or the contacts are prevented from closing.
  • the first voltage threshold is, for example, advantageously 5-15% of the nominal voltage of the low-voltage circuit, for example 10%.
  • the protective switching device is designed such that the electronic interrupting unit is switched to a low-impedance state for a first period of time to check the function of the protective switching device when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open and the electronic interrupting unit is switched to high resistance.
  • the level of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined here. If a second voltage threshold value is exceeded, a second fault condition is present, so that the electronic interruption unit is prevented from becoming further low-impedance and/or the contacts are prevented from closing.
  • the first period of time can be in the range from a few ps, for example 100 ps, to several seconds. In principle, it is only limited by manually switching on the mechanical isolating contact unit.
  • it can be in the range of 100 ps to 2 ms, for example 100 ps, 200 ps, ... 1 ms, 2 ms.
  • a voltage change can be detected with switching times in the range of 1 ms to 2 ms.
  • the period of time can also be longer, for example up to 1 second. It can then be checked whether there is a voltage of around 0 V (instantaneous or then also the effective value of the voltage) across the electronic interruption (for a "longer period of time"). Since the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are open, the period of time is only limited by the time until the contacts are closed, i.e.
  • the position sensor can be used to determine how long the contacts are open and thus the first period of time be adjusted .
  • the second voltage threshold should be less than 1V. This has the particular advantage that the electronic interrupting unit can be checked with regard to its "can be switched on" or the switched-on state.
  • closing of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit is avoided when an error condition is present. In particular, no release signal (enable) is sent to the mechanical isolating contact unit.
  • the protective switching device is designed such that the electronic interruption unit is switched to a low-ohmic state for a second period of time to check the function when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed and the electronic interruption unit is switched to high resistance. In this case (in the low-impedance state), the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined. If a third voltage threshold value is exceeded, a third error condition is present, which prevents the electronic interruption unit from switching to low resistance and/or initiates opening of the contacts.
  • the third voltage threshold should be less than 1V.
  • the second period of time can be short.
  • the second period of time can be less than 2 ms or 1 ms, specifically for example 500 ps or 100 ps long.
  • the electronic interruption unit is then switched to a low-impedance state when the instantaneous value of the voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection and the network-side phase conductor connection falls below a fourth voltage threshold value.
  • the fourth voltage threshold value can be a value of the (safety) extra-low voltage.
  • the fourth voltage threshold can be 50 V.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined for functional testing when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed and the electronic interruption unit is switched to low resistance. If the fifth voltage threshold value is exceeded, a fourth fault condition is present, which initiates the electronic interruption unit becoming high-impedance and/or initiates the opening of the contacts.
  • the fifth voltage threshold should be less than 1V. This has the particular advantage that the electronic interruption unit is checked during operation and, in the event of a faulty electronic interruption unit, avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, so that a safe state is present.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that for functional testing with closed contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit and low-impedance switched electronic interruption unit, the electronic interruption unit (EU) is switched to a high-impedance state for a third period of time.
  • the electronic interruption unit In the high-resistance state, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined. If the voltage falls below a sixth threshold value, a fifth error condition is present, which initiates the electronic interruption unit to become highly resistive and/or initiates the contacts to open.
  • the third period of time should preferably be very short.
  • the third period of time can be less than 2 ms or 1 ms, more specifically less than 500 ps or 100 ps.
  • the sixth voltage threshold can be dimensioned like the first voltage threshold.
  • the sixth voltage threshold can, for example, be 5-15% of the nominal voltage or better be the applied voltage of the low voltage circuit, for example 10%.
  • the sixth voltage threshold can depend on the impedance or the resistance of the load or be dimensioned to the load current, in particular that has previously flowed.
  • the electronic interruption unit can become high-impedance when the current passes through zero. This has the particular advantage that the current does not break off. Furthermore, since the load is not supplied with current at that moment, the measurement has less impact on the load. Furthermore, a commutation process (reduction of the current in the inductive circuit) does not take place and the electronic interruption unit (including the energy absorber) can block immediately.
  • the electronic interruption unit is then switched to a high-impedance state when the instantaneous value of the voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection and the network-side phase conductor connection exceeds a seventh voltage threshold value, in particular when the instantaneous value of the voltage is at its maximum.
  • the seventh voltage threshold value can be greater than 160 V, 200 V, 240 V or 300 V, for example (any intermediate value is also possible).
  • the instantaneous maximum voltage is 325 volts (in a 230 volt network).
  • function checks mentioned above are examples; other function checks can also be used in which the information from the position sensor is advantageously evaluated or is used .
  • a power pack is provided, which is connected to the network-side connections or. is connectable.
  • the power pack is connected to the control unit to provide a power supply.
  • connection between the power pack and the mains-side connections has a fuse and/or a switch.
  • the grid-side connections include a grid-side neutral conductor connection and a grid-side phase conductor connection.
  • the load-side connections include a load-side neutral connection and a load-side phase connection.
  • the load-side neutral conductor connection and the load-side phase conductor connection are connected to the mechanical isolating contact unit.
  • the electronic interruption unit is connected to the line-side phase conductor connection.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit has a handle for manually opening and closing the contacts.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit is designed in such a way that the position information about the closed or open state of the contacts can deviate from the position of the handle.
  • trip-free release can be used, with the switching status of the contacts (open/closed) being able to be determined and monitored.
  • a trip-free trip is specifically characterized by the fact that it is not possible or impossible to close the contacts on an existing fault. a closing of the handle to an error open the contacts again (whereby the position of the handle differs from the position of the contacts). A blocked handle does not block the contacts, so the contacts can be opened at any time by the control unit.
  • the handle has an actuation sensor, which is connected to the control unit, for determining information about the actuation of the handle.
  • the verification functions can be adjusted or modified accordingly by determining the actuation information for the handle. can be terminated, since e.g. B. closing (or opening) of the contacts is to be expected . Furthermore, it can be advantageously determined in this way whether the position of the handle deviates from the position of the contacts. In particular, for example, such stuck contacts (contacts that do not open) can be detected, corresponding information can be determined and appropriate measures can be taken, e.g. B. become high-impedance of the electronic interrupting unit or ( /and) communication of condition, e.g. B. to another protective switching device or higher-level monitoring or management system .
  • the switching state (high-impedance, low-impedance) of the electronic interruption unit depends on the determined position of the contacts.
  • the closing of the contacts (detected by the position sensor), in particular after the closing of the contacts, initiates/starts the checking functions (by means of the control unit) and, if the check is error-free, the switching on of the electronic interruption unit.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit is designed in such a way that the contacts can be opened by the control unit but cannot be closed.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit is designed in such a way that the contacts can only be closed by the handle when a release signal is present.
  • the electronic interruption unit is a single-pole one Electronic interruption unit, which is provided in particular in the phase conductor current path.
  • a first voltage sensor unit is provided for determining the magnitude of the voltage across the terminals of the electronic interruption unit (EU) of a current path.
  • EU electronic interruption unit
  • a second voltage sensor unit is provided for determining the magnitude of the voltage at the grid-side connections, in particular between the grid-side neutral conductor connection and the grid-side phase conductor connection.
  • the architecture of the invention supports increased operational reliability of the protective switching device or. in the circuit.
  • a display unit connected to the control unit is provided. This has the particular advantage that status information of the protective switching device can be displayed.
  • a communication unit connected to the control unit is provided.
  • a temperature sensor unit is provided, in particular for determining the temperature of the electronic interruption unit.
  • the temperature sensor unit can be connected to the electronic interruption unit and/or control unit.
  • the current path/phase conductor path can be interrupted.
  • a differential current sensor connected to the control unit is provided.
  • the protective switching device also has residual current monitoring (residual current monitoring) and thus has additional functionality.
  • the current sensor unit is provided on the current path side between the line-side phase conductor connection and the load-side phase conductor connection.
  • the low-voltage circuit is a three-phase AC circuit and the protective switching device has additional line-side and load-side phase conductor connections between which a series connection of an electronic interruption unit and a contact of the mechanical isolating contact unit is provided.
  • Further units, such as current sensor units, first and/or second voltage sensor units can be provided in an analogous manner.
  • control unit has a microcontroller.
  • Figure 1 is a first schematic representation of a protective switching device
  • FIG. 2 shows a second basic representation of a protective switching device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a representation of a protective switching device SG for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating current circuit, with a housing GEH, comprising:
  • - Mains connections that i . B. include a line-side neutral conductor connection NG and a line-side phase conductor connection LG, - load side connections i . B. include a load-side neutral conductor connection NL and a load-side phase conductor connection LL,
  • an energy source is usually connected to the grid-side connections / the grid-side GRID
  • a consumer is usually connected to the load-side connections / the load side LOAD;
  • the load-side connection points APNL, APLL are connected to the load-side neutral and phase conductor connections NL, LL, so that opening of contacts KKN, KKL to avoid current flow or closing of the contacts for current flow in the low-voltage circuit can be switched,
  • a control unit SE which is connected to the current sensor unit S I , the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interrupting unit EU, with current and/or current time limit values being exceeded avoiding a current flow in the low-voltage circuit being initiated.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is arranged on the load side, and the electronic interruption unit EU is arranged on the network side according to the invention.
  • the grid side GRID with the energy source is normally under electrical voltage.
  • An electrical consumer is usually connected to the load side LOAD.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK has a position sensor for determining position information about the closed or open state of the at least one contact or of the contacts KKN, KKL of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK .
  • position information about the closed or open state of the at least one contact or of the contacts KKN, KKL of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK there is information about the switching state of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK for the control unit SE, so that there is information about whether a connected consumer may. is supplied with energy, since the novel protective switching device is advantageously supplied with energy almost constantly.
  • the protective switching device can be designed in such a way that the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit can advantageously be determined.
  • D. H the level of a first voltage between the grid-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU can be determined or is determined .
  • a first voltage sensor unit SUI connected to the control unit SE is provided in the example according to FIG Connection point EUG and load-side connection point EUL determined the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the voltage across the series connection of electronic interruption unit EU and current sensor S I can alternatively also be determined, as shown in FIG.
  • the current sensor unit S I has a very low internal resistance, so that the determination of the level of the voltage is not affected or is only negligibly affected.
  • a second voltage sensor unit SU2 can be provided, which determines the magnitude of the voltage between the line-side neutral conductor connection NG and the line-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • the first voltage sensor unit can also be replaced by using two voltage measurements (before the electronic interrupting unit and after the electronic interrupting unit).
  • the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined by forming a difference.
  • A/the second voltage sensor unit SU2 connected to the control unit SE can be provided, which determines the level of a second voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the network-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • a third voltage sensor unit SU3 (not shown) connected to the control unit can be provided, which determines the magnitude of a third voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection NG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the level of a/the first voltage between the grid-side connection point EUG and the load-side connection point EUL of the electronic interruption unit EU is determined from the difference between the second and third voltage.
  • the measuring impedance ZM can be an electrical resistor and/or capacitor, for example.
  • the measuring impedance can also be an inductance.
  • the measurement impedance can be a series connection or parallel connection of a resistor and/or capacitor and/or inductance.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU has a single-pole design, in the example in the phase conductor.
  • the line-side connection point APNG for the neutral conductor of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is connected to the line-side neutral conductor connection NG of the housing GEH.
  • the protective switching device SG is advantageously designed in such a way that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be opened by the control unit SE but not closed, which is indicated by an arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be operated by a mechanical handle HH on the protective switching device SG in order to switch a manual (manual) opening or closing of the contacts KKL, KKN.
  • the mechanical handle HH can display the switching status (open or closed) of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK on the protective switching device.
  • the position of the handle can also deviate from the switching status of the contacts, for example if a so-called trip-free release is used or if the contacts are stuck.
  • the handle can advantageously have an actuation sensor, which is connected to the control unit, for determining actuation information about the handle.
  • actuation sensor which is connected to the control unit, for determining actuation information about the handle.
  • a deviation between the position of the handle and the switch position of the contacts can be determined.
  • Measures for this case can be implemented. For example, adhesive contacts that a pose a problem for the protection of the low-voltage circuit can be detected.
  • the electronic interruption unit can become highly resistive, a message can be displayed, a message can be issued, for example to another protective switching device and/or monitoring or management system .
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is advantageously designed in such a way that a (manual) closing of the contacts by the mechanical handle is only possible after a release (enable), in particular a release signal. This is also indicated by the arrow from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK. D. H . , The contacts KKL, KKN of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can only be opened by the handle HH when the release or of the release signal (from the control unit) to be closed. Without the release or the release signal can be used to actuate the handle HH, but the contacts cannot be closed ("continuous slipping").
  • the protective switching device SG has a power supply or NT power supply, for example a switched-mode power supply.
  • the power supply/power pack NT is provided for the control unit SE, which is indicated by a connection between the power supply/power pack NT and the control unit SE in FIG.
  • the energy supply/power pack NT is (on the other hand) connected to the line-side neutral conductor connection NG and the line-side phase conductor connection LG.
  • a fuse SS, in particular a fuse, or a switch SCH (FIG. 2) can advantageously be provided in the connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG (and/or phase conductor connection LG).
  • the power pack NT is normally constantly supplied with energy. It is possible secured by the fuse SS or. can be switched off by the switch SCH. Alternatively, the measuring impedance ZM can be connected to the line-side neutral conductor connection NG via this connection with the fuse SS.
  • a three-pole electronics unit EPART (FIG. 2) can thus advantageously be implemented, for example as a module, which has three connection points for the low-voltage circuit, a neutral conductor connection point and two phase conductor connection points.
  • the electronics unit EPART has, for example, the electronic interruption unit EU, the control unit SE, the power supply NT (in particular including the fuse SS), the current sensor unit SI, optionally the first voltage sensor unit SUI and/or optionally the second voltage sensor unit SU2.
  • the low-voltage circuit can be a three-phase AC circuit, with a neutral conductor and three phase conductors.
  • the protective switching device can be designed as a three-phase variant and can have, for example, further line-side and load-side phase conductor connections.
  • inventive electronic interruption units and contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are provided between the other line-side and load-side phase conductor connections, as are current sensor units.
  • voltage determinations e.g. by first voltage sensor units
  • first voltage sensor units can be provided.
  • High resistance means a state in which only a negligible current flows.
  • a current of negligible magnitude is less than 2 mA, more specifically less than 0.5 mA.
  • resistance values greater than 1 kilohm, more preferably greater than 10 kilohms, 100 kilohms, 1 megohm, 10 megohms, 100 megohms, 1 gigaohm, or greater.
  • Low-impedance means a condition in which the current value specified on the protective switching device could flow.
  • low-impedance means resistance values that are less than 10 ohms, better less than 1 ohm, 100 milliohms, 10 milliohms, 1 milliohm or less.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustration according to FIG. 1, with the difference that the protective switching device is built in two parts. It contains an electronic first part EPART, for example on a printed circuit board.
  • EPART electronic first part
  • the first part EPART can have the control unit SE, the first voltage sensor unit SUI, the second voltage sensor unit SU2, the current sensor unit SI, the electronic interruption unit EU, the power supply NT. Furthermore, the first part can have the fuse SS, a switch SCH, the measuring impedance ZM, a temperature sensor TEM (in particular for the electronic interruption unit EU), a communication unit COM, a display unit AE.
  • the first part EPART has only three connections :
  • connection NG a connection for a connection to the network-side neutral conductor connection NG .
  • the communication unit COM can in particular be a wireless communication unit.
  • the protective switching device contains a particularly mechanical second part MPART.
  • the second part MPART can have the mechanical isolating contact unit MK with the position sensor (position unit) POS according to the invention, for reporting the position of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK to the control unit, the handle HH, a release unit FG.
  • the second part can have the (neutral conductor) connection(s).
  • a differential current sensor ZCT such as a summation current transformer, as is known, for example, from classic residual current circuit breakers, can be provided.
  • a compact protective switching device according to the invention can advantageously be implemented as a result of the division into two.
  • the release unit/release function FG causes the actuation of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit to be released by the handle HH when an enable signal is present.
  • D. H . the contacts KKL, KKN can only be closed by the handle if the enable signal (from the control unit SE) is present. Otherwise closing is not possible (permanent slide of the handle HH).
  • the contacts remain in the open position/switched state.
  • the release unit FG can cause the contacts to open (second function of the release unit FG) when an opening signal OEF (from the control unit SE) is present.
  • the release unit/release function FG then acts as a release unit for opening the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • phase conductor path d. H . a path for the phase conductor through the protective switching device SG (inside the housing).
  • the neutral conductor is only routed via the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, it is then a neutral conductor path, i. H . a path for the neutral conductor through the protective switching device SG (inside the housing).
  • a single-pole design of the protective switching device with only one mechanical contact, preferably in the phase conductor, can also be provided.
  • the protective switching device then has, for example: (only) a load-side (phase conductor) connection LL -a line-side phase conductor connection LG and a line-side neutral conductor connection NG.
  • the neutral conductor connection on the load side is not provided in this case.
  • the position information can advantageously be used to carry out functional checks on the protective switching device. In particular, various checking functions can be carried out depending on the position information.
  • Mains voltage e.g. 230 V AC
  • Mains voltage e.g. 230 V AC
  • the check in the OFF state of the electronic protective device should be considered.
  • control unit including the controller unit
  • the electrical potential between the electronic interruption unit and the mechanical isolating contact unit is defined by the measuring impedance ZM and the impedance of the electronic interruption unit in the switched-off state (voltage divider).
  • the control unit can now be activated at any time (and thus at a specific voltage distribution (depending on
  • Instantaneous value of the voltage, half-wave of the voltage turn on the semiconductor-based switching elements.
  • the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit EU can be tested with this, taking into account the polarity of the AC voltage or AC voltage.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU (or the electronic switch) is thus used for e.g. B. switched on for a very short time (in the millisecond range).
  • the measurement time is limited by the open contacts. Will these closed, this test is terminated. According to the invention, this state is determined by the position sensor POS.
  • the electronic interruption unit is functional, this can be determined by the (simultaneous) voltage measurement (e.g. first voltage sensor unit, second voltage sensor unit) and (subsequent) evaluation. For example, in the case of a defective semiconductor-based switching element, it can be determined whether it always remains switched on (fault pattern: "alloyed through”) or always off (fault pattern: "burned out”).
  • the protective switching device specifically the electronic interruption unit or the mechanical isolating contact unit, can be enabled to switch on.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are open and the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to high resistance, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit, i.e. the first voltage Ul, is determined. If the voltage falls below a first threshold value, a first fault condition is present, so that the electronic interruption unit is prevented from becoming low-impedance and/or the contacts are prevented from closing.
  • a release signal enable is not emitted by the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the protective switching device is advantageously designed in such a way that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is avoided. In particular, no release signal
  • Another function check can be that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed and the electronic interruption unit is low-impedance.
  • the closed contact status is in turn determined with the position sensor.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are closed and the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to low resistance, the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined. If a fifth voltage threshold value is exceeded, a fourth fault condition is present, which initiates the electronic interruption unit becoming high-impedance and/or initiates the opening of the contacts.
  • the protective switching device is designed such that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are closed and the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to low resistance, the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to a high resistance state for a third period of time and the magnitude of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined. If the voltage falls below a sixth threshold value, a fifth fault condition is present, which initiates the electronic interruption unit to become high-impedance and/or initiates the contacts to open.
  • an opening signal OEF is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK in order to initiate opening of the contacts. Furthermore, the control unit SE can send a signal (not shown) to become high-impedance to the electronic interruption unit.
  • the mechanical contacts are preferably opened shortly before the current passes through zero, so that the mechanical switching contacts can more easily interrupt the flow of current.
  • the electronic interruption unit is advantageously switched to a high-impedance state when the instantaneous value of the voltage between the network-side neutral conductor connection and the network-side phase conductor connection exceeds a seventh voltage threshold value, in particular when the instantaneous value of the voltage is at its maximum.
  • Another function check can be that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed and the electronic interruption unit has a high resistance.
  • the closed contact status is in turn determined with the position sensor.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are closed and the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to high resistance, the electronic interruption unit EU is switched to a low resistance state for a second period of time, and then the level of the voltage across the electronic interruption unit is determined. If a third voltage threshold value is exceeded, a third fault condition is present, which prevents the electronic interruption unit from switching to low resistance and/or initiates an opening of the contacts.
  • an opening signal OEF is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contacts unit MK in order to initiate opening of the contacts.
  • the mechanical contacts are preferably opened shortly before the current passes through zero, so that the mechanical switching contacts can more easily interrupt the flow of current.
  • the control unit SE can avoid or prevent a signal from becoming low-impedance for the electronic interruption unit. suppress .
  • the electronic interruption unit is then advantageously switched to a low-impedance state when the instantaneous value of the voltage between the neutral conductor connection on the network side and the phase conductor connection on the network side falls below a fourth voltage threshold value.
  • the point in time for switching on is advantageously selected when the voltage values are low (lower than the fourth voltage threshold value) in order to minimize the resulting measurement current through the consumer/the energy sink/the load.
  • the fourth voltage threshold value can be (maximum) 50 V alternating voltage, for example. D. H . when switching on, only harmless (safety) extra-low voltages are used.
  • Another function check can be that the mechanical isolating contact unit is closed and the electronic interruption unit has a high resistance.
  • the functionality of the switching elements can be tested in an analogous manner depending on the semiconductor-based switching elements.
  • the closed contact status is in turn determined with the position sensor. During an opening process, the respective function check is terminated.
  • the measuring impedance ZM should have a very high value (resistance or impedance value) in order to keep losses low. For example, with a resistor with a value of z. B. 1 MOhm . A value of 1 MOhm results in losses of about 50 mW in a 230 V low voltage circuit.
  • the measuring impedance should advantageously be greater than 100 KOhm, 500 KOhm, 1 MOhm, 2 MOhm, 3 MOhm, 4 MOhm, 5 MOhm or more.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un disjoncteur pour la protection d'un circuit électrique basse tension, comprenant : - un boîtier avec des connexions côté réseau et des connexions côté charge pour le circuit basse tension; - une unité de contacts de séparation mécanique qui est reliée en série à une unité d'interruption électronique, - l'unité de contacts de séparation mécanique étant appairée aux connexions côté charge, et l'unité d'interruption électronique étant appairée aux connexions côté réseau, - l'unité de contacts de séparation mécanique pouvant être commutée en ouvrant des contacts afin d'empêcher un flux de courant ou en fermant les contacts pour un flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension, et - grâce à des éléments de commutation à base de semi-conducteur, l'unité d'interruption électronique pouvant être commutée vers un état ohmique élevé des éléments de commutation afin d'empêcher un flux de courant ou un état ohmique faible des éléments de commutation pour un flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension; - une unité de détection de courant pour déterminer le niveau du courant du circuit basse tension; et - une unité de commande qui est connectée à l'unité de détection de courant, à l'unité de contacts de séparation mécanique, et à l'unité d'interruption électronique. Un processus pour empêcher un flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension est démarré si des seuils de courant et/ou des seuils de courant/temps sont dépassés, et l'unité de contacts de séparation mécanique comporte un capteur de position pour déterminer des informations de position sur l'état fermé ou ouvert des contacts.
EP22782687.2A 2021-09-28 2022-09-09 Disjoncteur Pending EP4367700A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021210815.6A DE102021210815A1 (de) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 Schutzschaltgerät
PCT/EP2022/075083 WO2023052081A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-09 Disjoncteur

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EP4367700A1 true EP4367700A1 (fr) 2024-05-15

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EP22782687.2A Pending EP4367700A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-09 Disjoncteur

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EP (1) EP4367700A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN118043922A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021210815A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023052081A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3926644A1 (de) 1989-08-11 1991-02-14 Muenster Stadtwerke Ferngesteuerte schaltvorrichtung
DE102018209114B3 (de) * 2018-06-08 2019-03-21 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzschalter mit Überwachungseinrichtung und Verfahren hierfür
DE102018213354A1 (de) 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät und Verfahren
DE102019213604A1 (de) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, Schutzschaltsystem und Verfahren

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DE102021210815A1 (de) 2023-03-30
CN118043922A (zh) 2024-05-14

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