EP4366971A1 - Elektrisch angetriebenes kraftfahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betrieb dessen - Google Patents
Elektrisch angetriebenes kraftfahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betrieb dessenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4366971A1 EP4366971A1 EP22732197.3A EP22732197A EP4366971A1 EP 4366971 A1 EP4366971 A1 EP 4366971A1 EP 22732197 A EP22732197 A EP 22732197A EP 4366971 A1 EP4366971 A1 EP 4366971A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- circuit
- vehicle chassis
- resistance
- current collector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L5/36—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles with means for collecting current simultaneously from more than one conductor, e.g. from more than one phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrically driven motor vehicle with two current collectors for a two-pole contact line device, and a method for operating the motor vehicle.
- a motor vehicle is to be understood here as a vehicle which is driven by a motor and is not bound to rails.
- vehicle chassis vehicle frame
- ground i.e. the earth
- An example is such a motor vehicle, which is supplied using a catenary device with electrical shear energy to drive it, a trolleybus (trolleybus) or a trolleybus device trucks.
- a voltage between the vehicle chassis and the ground should therefore be as small as possible, in particular zero.
- the EN50502 standard for example, is known for the trolleybus, which essentially provides for double insulation (double insulation) for electrical safety.
- a vehicle is known from EP 3036 127 B1, which has a second level of protection to avoid dangerous contact voltages on the vehicle frame is formed by an electrically isolated assembly of the traction drive on the vehicle frame, and has a first level of protection, which is additionally formed by a consumer and traction drive connected, galvanically isolating DC-DC converter.
- the vehicle also includes a switching element, by means of which the protection system can be switched over between the first and the second protection stage by selectively connecting or bridging the DC voltage converter.
- the bypass mode in which the DC-DC converter is bypassed, is used at higher vehicle speeds, with the danger to outsiders from the moving vehicle being classified as higher than the danger from an insulation fault.
- the invention has for its object to specify an electrically powered motor vehicle, the pantograph for electrical contact with contact lines of a catenary device has.
- protection for a person against an electric shock when the vehicle chassis is touched should be comparatively high and/or this protection should be comparatively low in technical terms.
- This protection should be implemented both when the motor vehicle is stationary and during ferry operation, in particular independently of the speed of vehicle operation.
- a method for operating such an electrically driven motor vehicle and a system with such and with a two-pole catenary device are to be specified.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
- the object is achieved with the features of claim 8 and with regard to the system with the features of claim 10.
- Advantageous refinements and developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
- the statements made in connection with the electrically powered motor vehicle also apply mutatis mutandis to the method and to the system and vice versa.
- the electrically driven motor vehicle also referred to below as a vehicle for short, has a vehicle chassis (a vehicle frame).
- vehicle chassis a vehicle frame
- the vehicle chassis is not grounded.
- the vehicle chassis is only in contact with the ground of the vehicle by means of tires, the tires having a comparatively high electrical resistance.
- An electrically driven motor vehicle is to be understood here both as a purely electrically driven motor vehicle and as a hybrid vehicle, ie a motor vehicle that has other drive options in addition to the electric drive.
- the vehicle also includes a first pantograph and a second pantograph. These two pantographs are used to make electrical contact with the two catenaries of a two-pole catenary device.
- each of the current collectors which is designed as a pantograph, for example, has a contact device, for example a contact strip or a contact roller.
- the pantograph is and/or makes it possible to use electrical energy provided by the contact line device, in particular to drive the vehicle.
- the two pantographs are used for the (vehicle) external electrical energy supply.
- the vehicle chassis is also electrically insulated from the pantographs.
- the electrically powered motor vehicle is intended in particular to be used with such a two-pole contact line device with two contact lines, in particular designed as overhead lines, in which a voltage between the first of the two contact lines and the earth potential is equal to the voltage between the earth potential and the second of the two catenaries.
- the voltage applied to the contact lines of such a contact line device therefore has a symmetrical, in other words, voltage-centered, grounding.
- the two catenary voltages are therefore symmetrical to earth.
- the vehicle also includes a device for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis and the first current collector and/or for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis and the second current collector.
- this device is formed by means of a bridge circuit, in particular by means of a Wheatstone bridge circuit.
- This in turn includes a voltage divider with two series-connected electrical voltage divider resistors (voltage divider resistor elements).
- the voltage divider is connected between the first and the second current collector and is thus electrically connected to them.
- the voltage divider is designed in such a way that its two voltage divider resistors have the same electrical resistance. So the magnitude of the electrical resistance (ohmic resistance) of one voltage divider resistor is equal to the magnitude of the electrical resistance (ohmic resistance) of the other of the two voltage divider resistors.
- a voltage divider with a fixed (constant) 1:1 division ratio is thus formed.
- This voltage divider is also referred to here and in the following as a reference voltage divider.
- the second voltage divider of the bridge circuit is formed by the insulation (insulation material) between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis and by the insulation (iso lation material) between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis.
- This second voltage divider is also referred to as an isolation voltage divider.
- a transverse resistance of the bridge is connected between the branch of the measuring bridge formed using the reference voltage divider and a branch of the measuring bridge formed using the insulation.
- the bridge transverse resistance is therefore electrically connected to a first center tap between the two voltage divider resistors, ie to a midpoint of the reference voltage divider.
- the bridge shunt resistance is electrically connected to the vehicle chassis or can be connected using a switch that is connected between the bridge shunt resistance and the vehicle chassis.
- the bridge shunt resistance is connected between the first center tap and the vehicle chassis.
- the vehicle chassis and the center point of the voltage divider has the same potential due to this electrical connection and possibly when the switch is switched to be conductive.
- the midpoint of the voltage divider and the vehicle chassis electrically contacted with the center tap therefore particularly advantageously have ground potential or only a negligibly small voltage difference to ground potential, i.e. no danger to a person touching the vehicle chassis. There is therefore no dangerous (touch) voltage between the vehicle chassis and earth. A comparatively high degree of safety against an electric shock is thus achieved for a person who touches the vehicle chassis.
- a symmetrical insulation is to be understood here as meaning that the electrical (ohmic) resistance of the insulation between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis is equal to the electrical (ohmic) resistance between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis with regard to its magnitude.
- a symmetrical insulation error is understood to mean that an electrical resistance of the insulation between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis and an electrical resistance of the insulation between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis change by the same value, for example as a result of damage, in particular to decrease.
- an asymmetrical insulation fault i.e. an insulation fault in which the electrical resistance of the insulation between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis and the electrical resistance of the insulation between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis does not change by the same value, can occur in a Contact voltage result, which can be dangerous for a person when touching the vehicle chassis.
- an asymmetrical insulation fault can advantageously be detected or recognized using the device for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis and the first current collector and/or the voltage between the vehicle chassis and the second current collector.
- this asymmetrical insulation fault can be detected by a voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance.
- a voltage source-free measure is implemented in which the vehicle chassis has earth potential and, as a result, a contact voltage is avoided.
- the voltage divider shown above requires relatively little technical effort, so that, in particular in comparison to double insulation, costs are reduced and weight and the required installation space are reduced.
- the device has at least two voltage measuring devices. These are used to determine the voltage between the first pantograph and the vehicle chassis and to determine the voltage between the second pantograph and the vehicle chassis.
- the two voltage measuring devices are switched in such a way that they can directly record these two voltages.
- the two voltage measuring devices are switched in such a way that the voltage between the first and second current collectors is recorded using one of the two voltage measuring devices and the voltage between the vehicle chassis and one of the two current collectors is recorded using the other voltage measuring device can.
- the magnitude of the voltage between the other of the pantographs and the vehicle chassis can then be determined using the difference in the voltage between the pantographs and the detected voltage between the vehicle chassis and the pantograph.
- a first circuit and a second circuit are provided, the (electrical) resistance of which can be adjusted in each case.
- the first and the second circuit are also referred to here and in the following as an adjusting device.
- the first circuit and the second circuit are connected in series with one another and this series circuit is connected between the two pantographs.
- a second center tap is arranged between the first circuit and the second circuit, the second center tap being connected to the vehicle chassis or preferably using a switch, suitably using the between the bridge shunt resistance and the Vehicle chassis switched switch with which the vehicle chassis can be connected.
- at least the reference voltage divider, the transverse resistance of the bridge and/or the first and second circuits can be electrically separated from the vehicle chassis. Consequently, it is avoided that an insulation monitor, in particular a traction battery, recognizes the actuating device from the first and the second circuit as an insulation error when the motor vehicle is operating on battery power.
- the first and second circuits are each formed using an adjustable resistor.
- these each include at least one, in particular or a semiconductor component designed as a controllable resistor or as a semiconductor switch, and/or a voltage source.
- Adjusting the resistances of the two circuits advantageously enables a total resistance between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis to be matched to a total resistance between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis.
- the respective total resistance results from the first adjustable resistance, the voltage divider resistance of the reference voltage divider connected between the first current collector and the first center tap, and from the electrical resistance of the insulation between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis or from the second adjustable resistor, the voltage divider resistor connected between the second current collector and the first center tap and from the electrical resistance of the insulation between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis.
- This adaptation can advantageously be used to compensate for an asymmetrical insulation fault in which the electrical resistance of the insulation between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis and the electrical resistance of the insulation between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis do not differ by the same amount, for example by a damage, has changed.
- the first circuit and the second circuit are connected in series with one another, the center tap of the isolation voltage divider, i.e. the voltage divider formed on the basis of the insulation, being electrically connected to the second center tap or can be connected using the or a switch.
- the center tap of the isolation voltage divider i.e. the voltage divider formed on the basis of the insulation
- the first circuit and/or the second circuit are set as a function of the voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance or, in the second variant of the motor vehicle, as a function of the voltages detected by the voltage measuring devices.
- the resistances of the circuits are expediently set in such a way that the total electrical resistance between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis is equal to the second total electrical resistance between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis.
- the voltage on the vehicle chassis is also set to earth potential. This is also referred to as (active) balancing or (active) balancing of the vehicle chassis.
- a (contact) voltage between the vehicle chassis and earth is avoided even in the case of asymmetrical insulation faults.
- protection for a person against an electric shock when the vehicle chassis is touched is also advantageously implemented in catenary operation.
- the first current collector and the second current collector are expediently connected to a DC-DC converter, in particular on the input side.
- the traction battery is connected to the DC-DC converter.
- electrical loads in particular an electric motor for driving the vehicle, are connected to the traction battery.
- the switch is arranged in each case in a current collector current path from the contact device of the associated current collector to the DC-DC converter.
- these two switches are or will be activated depending on the voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance (first variant of the motor vehicle) or depending on the voltages determined using the voltage measuring devices (second variant of the motor vehicle) and/or depending on the electrical's resistance of the first and / or second circuit switched (both variants of the motor vehicle).
- the DC-DC converter is a DC-DC converter without galvanic isolation, ie with galvanic coupling.
- a DC/DC converter with galvanic isolation offers an additional protective measure, particularly for double isolation as defined by EN50502. Due to the symmetrization of the vehicle chassis, however, a DC converter with galvanic isolation is not necessary to protect the user from an electric shock. In comparison in order to use a DC-DC converter with galvanic coupling, a saving in cost, installation space and/or weight is achieved here.
- a third and fourth circuit is provided in addition or as an alternative to the first and second circuit, the electrical (ohmic) resistances of which can be adjusted.
- the third or fourth circuit is formed, for example, using an adjustable resistor or preferably comprises at least one semiconductor component designed in particular as a controllable resistor or as a semiconductor switch, and/or a voltage source.
- the third circuit is connected between a first high-voltage current path, which is connected to a first battery terminal of a traction battery of the motor vehicle and, particularly on the output side, to the DC-DC converter, and the vehicle chassis.
- this high-voltage current path runs between the first battery connection (e.g. positive pole) and the DC-DC converter.
- the fourth circuit is connected between the vehicle chassis and a second high-voltage current path, which is connected to a second battery connection of the traction battery and the DC-DC converter, which second high-voltage current path runs in particular between the second battery connection (e.g. the negative pole) and the DC-DC converter.
- the total resistances between the pantographs and the vehicle chassis can be matched to one another using the third and/or fourth circuit.
- the first circuit is also called the first symmetry or as the first setting circuit
- the second circuit as the second balancing or as the second setting circuit
- the third circuit as the third balancing or as the third setting circuit
- the fourth circuit also referred to as a fourth balancing or fourth control circuit.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle, which is designed according to one of the variants presented above.
- the vehicle is designed according to the second variant, the voltage between the first pantograph and the vehicle chassis and the voltage between the second pantograph and the vehicle chassis is recorded or determined in catenary operation using the voltage measuring devices. If the bridge is not balanced, i.e.
- the electrical resistance of the first, the second, the third and/or the fourth circuit is set or regulated in such a way that the bridge is balanced, with the respective electrical resistance preferably being reduced.
- a threshold value or a respective threshold value for the magnitude of the electrical resistance of the first, second, third or fourth circuit is specified or can be specified, with catenary operation being terminated if the respective threshold value is undershot, i.e. the two switches which are connected between the contact device of the respective Pantograph and the DC-DC converter are connected to be switched current-blocking. This avoids the amount of electrical resistance between the vehicle chassis and the corresponding pantograph becoming too small.
- a threshold value or a respective threshold value for the magnitude of the electrical resistance of the first, second, third or fourth circuit can be specified or can be specified, with the catenary operation being terminated when the respective threshold value is exceeded.
- a (too) high electrical resistance can indicate a faulty/defective circuit.
- the first circuit, the second circuit, the third circuit and/or the fourth circuit is set or regulated in such a way that a first total electrical resistance between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis is equal to a second total electrical resistance between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis is.
- a (further) predetermined or specifiable threshold value is exceeded by the voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance or by the current flowing through the bridge shunt resistance, or in the second variant of the motor vehicle by a difference between the determined values Voltages between the first pantograph and the vehicle chassis or between the second pantograph and the vehicle chassis, the two switches, which are connected between the contact device of the respective pantograph and the DC voltage converter, switched to blocking current. In other words, the catenary operation is terminated.
- asymmetrical insulation faults can be detected and an electrical connection between the vehicle chassis and the respective contact device and the associated contact line can be interrupted.
- the vehicle can then be operated in battery mode and, in particular, can continue to drive in battery mode.
- asymmetrical insulation errors can be at least partially compensated for.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a system consisting of an electrically driven motor vehicle which is designed according to one of the variants presented above and/or is operated according to the method in one of the variants presented above.
- the system also includes a two-pole catenary device with two catenaries, with a voltage between a first of the two catenaries and earth being equal to the voltage between earth and the second of the two catenaries. This is achieved, for example, by means of symmetrical, i.e. voltage-centered, grounding in the substation of the catenary system.
- the vehicle chassis In comparison, in a substation where one of the contact lines is connected to earth, the vehicle chassis must be earthed or, alternatively, double insulation is required if the DC-DC converter has a galvanic coupling.
- FIG. 1a, b different configurations of a catenary device with two catenary lines for supplying an electrically powered motor vehicle with electrical energy shear
- FIG. 2a shows a first variant of an electrically driven motor vehicle with two current collectors, between which two series-connected voltage divider resistors are connected, with a center tap between the voltage divider resistors being connected to the vehicle chassis,
- FIG. 2b shows a second variant of the electrically powered motor vehicle, this having a voltage measuring device for detecting a voltage between the two current collectors and a voltage measuring device for detecting the voltage between the vehicle chassis and one of the two current collectors, and
- Fig. 3 in a flow chart, a method sequence for operating the electrically driven motor vehicle.
- a catenary device 2 catenary line processing system
- This is designed, for example, as an overhead line device.
- the contact line device 2 has two contact lines designed in particular as overhead lines, namely a first contact line 4 and a second contact line 6.
- the contact line device 2 also includes a substation, of which the DC voltage source 8 (Fig. 1a) or the DC voltage sources 8 are shown.
- the contact lines 4 and 6 are connected in such a way that a voltage between the first contact line 4 and ground 9 is equal to the voltage between ground 9's and the second contact line 6 .
- the two catenary voltages are therefore symmetrical to earth.
- a voltage-centered grounding has been implemented in the substation.
- the DC voltage source(s) are expediently formed in each case by means of at least one transformer and at least one rectifier connected downstream of this.
- this is one end (output) of the direct voltage source 8 with the first catenary 4 and the other end (output) of the direct voltage source 8 connected to the second catenary 6.
- the first catenary 4 and the second catenary 6 are each connected to ground 9 by means of a balancing resistor 10 .
- the electrical cal resistance of the balancing resistors is, for example, in each case 1 k ⁇ .
- the power loss resulting from a voltage of, for example, 1200 V between the two contact lines 4 and 6 is comparatively low.
- insensitivity to asynchronous harmonics of the current source is an advantage of this configuration.
- overvoltage protection between the two catenaries 4, 6 and/or for each of the catenaries 4 and 6 a catenary fuse, in particular a switching device with overcurrent and short-circuit function, is provided in analogy to FIG. 1b.
- the substation has two DC voltage sources 8 connected in series with the same output voltage for central voltage grounding, with a center tap between the two DC voltage sources 8 being connected to ground 9, see FIG. 1b .
- the center tap is on the secondary side, ie between the two DC voltage sources 8 .
- the earth propagation resistance is given the reference number 12 .
- an overvoltage protection 14 between the two contact lines 4, 6 and/or for each of the contact lines 4 and 6 a contact line fuse (not shown) and/or a switching device 16 with overcurrent is optionally available at the factory - and short-circuit function provided.
- 18 designates the contact line resistance of the respective contact line 4 and 6, respectively. For example, this is 100 mu/km.
- FIG. 2a A first variant of an electrically driven motor vehicle 20 is shown schematically in FIG. 2a. This is intended and set up to be used with a catenary device 2, for example according to FIG. 1a or 1b, the voltage between tween the first catenary 4 and earth 9 being equal to the voltage between earth 9 and the two-ten catenary 6 .
- the vehicle chassis 22 of the vehicle 20 is not grounded, contact with the ground 9 being made only by means of, for example, air-filled tires with a comparatively high, electrically insulating effect, resistance 24 .
- the vehicle 20 also has a first th current collector 26 and a second current collector 28 on.
- Each of the pantographs 26 and 28 includes a contact device 30 designed, for example, as a contact strip for making contact with one of the contact lines 4 and 6, respectively.
- the electrical insulation (insulation) between the first current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 and the electrical insulation (insulation) between the second current collector 28 and the vehicle chassis are represented in FIG. 2, each with an electrical (insulation) resistance. which are provided with the reference numerals 32 and 34, respectively.
- the two current collectors 26 and 28 are each connected by means of a switch 56 to a galvanically non-separated DC-DC converter 36, ie electrically connected to it.
- the DC-DC converter 36 is, for example, a unidirectional or a bidirectional buck-boost converter.
- the switch 56 embodied in particular as a contactor is connected.
- the switch 56 is connected to a high-voltage current path 42 embodied in particular as a high-voltage busbar, which runs between the contact device 30 of the respective current collector 26 or 28 and the DC-DC converter 36 .
- a (reference) voltage divider 38 is connected between the high-voltage current paths 42 emanating from the two current collectors 26 and 28 .
- This comprises two series-connected voltage divider resistors 40 which have the same ohmic resistance.
- a voltage divider with a division ratio of 1:1 is realized using the voltage divider resistors 40 .
- the voltage divider resistors 40 have an ohmic resistance which is preferably greater than 10 k ⁇ , in particular greater than 50 k ⁇ , preferably between 100 k ⁇ and 1 MW, for example 500 k ⁇ .
- the (reference) voltage divider 38 is connected to the high-voltage current paths 42 in this case.
- a bridge circuit in the manner of a Wheatstone measuring bridge is implemented using the reference voltage divider 38, the transverse resistance of the bridge 52 and the insulation (resistances 32, 34).
- the insulation (resistances 32,34) form an (iso lation) voltage divider, i.e. a branch of the measuring bridge.
- the reference voltage divider 38 is the reference path for the voltage measurement of the measuring bridge.
- the motor vehicle thus includes a device for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis 22 and the first current collector 26 and/or the voltage between the vehicle chassis 22 and the second current collector 28, the device being formed by means of the bridge circuit.
- the motor vehicle includes a first circuit 46, the electrical resistance of which can be adjusted, and a second circuit 47, the electrical resistance of which can be adjusted.
- the two circuits 46, 47 are shown as adjustable resistors. These include, for example, a number of semiconductor elements, suitably one or more than one transistor, such as a MOSFET, in which the electrical resistance of the drain-source path can be set based on the gate-source voltage.
- the circuits 46, 47 are connected between the two high-voltage current paths 42, which in turn can be connected to the contact devices 30 using the switch 56.
- a second center tap 50 between the two circuits 46 and 47 is electrically connected to the center tap 44 of the voltage divider 38 made up of the voltage divider resistors 40 via a bridge shunt resistor 52 .
- a bridge shunt resistance 52 is connected between the center taps 44 , 50 . Any voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance 52 can be detected and a value representing this or a corresponding signal can be output to a control unit 53 .
- the total resistance between the first current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 can be adjusted to a total resistance between the second current collector 28 and the vehicle chassis 22 when the motor vehicle 20 is in catenary operation.
- the voltage divider formed using the first and second circuits 46, 47 is also referred to as a control voltage divider, as a compensation voltage divider or as a balancing voltage divider.
- the ohmic resistance of the circuits 46 and 47 can be adjusted between 10 k ⁇ and 10 MW, respectively.
- the additional switch 54 is connected between the vehicle chassis 22 and the center tap 50 of the circuits 46 and 47, so that these and the voltage divider 38 can be switched off when the motor vehicle 20 is in battery mode.
- the voltage at the vehicle chassis 22 corresponds to the voltage at the second center tap 50.
- the switches 56 are connected in the respective high-voltage current path 42 between the DC-DC converter 36 and the connection point of the circuits 46,47.
- a residual current meter 58 is optionally coupled to the control unit. This detects a differential current between the current through the two high-voltage current paths 42, so that the switches 56 are switched to blocking current when the differential current exceeds a specific threshold value.
- a traction battery 60 is also connected to the DC voltage converter 36 . Since a battery contactor 62 and a battery fuse 64 is connected between the poles of the traction battery 60 and the DC-DC converter 36 in each case. To the traction battery 60 is still a consumer shown here as a resistor 66, for example an electric motor for driving the motor vehicle 20, connected. In addition or as an alternative to this, the or a consumer 66 is connected between the current collectors 26 and 28 on the DC voltage converter side of the switch 56 .
- the motor vehicle has a third circuit 48 shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 2a and 2b and a fourth circuit 49 shown in dashed lines.
- the third circuit 48 is connected between a high-voltage current path 67 which runs between a first battery connection 60a and the DC-DC converter 36 and the vehicle chassis 22 .
- the fourth circuit 49 is connected between a high-voltage current path 68 which runs between a second battery connection 60b and the DC-DC converter 36 and the vehicle chassis 22 .
- the third and fourth circuit 48 , 49 can be electrically connected to the vehicle chassis 22 using a switch 76 .
- the switch 76 is connected between a center tap arranged between the third and fourth circuit 48 , 49 and the vehicle chassis 22 .
- the electrical resistance of the third and fourth circuit 48, 49 can be adjusted in a similar manner to the first and second circuit 46, 47, so that using the first, second, third and/or fourth circuit 46, 47, 48, 49 the total resistance between the first pantograph 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 can be matched to a total resistance between the second pantograph 28 and the vehicle chassis 22 .
- the isolation between the high-voltage current path 67 and the vehicle chassis 22 is represented in a manner analogous to the electrical resistance 32 in FIGS.
- the insulation between the high-voltage current path 68 and the vehicle chassis 22 is also represented in a manner analogous to the electrical resistance 34 using a resistance element 80 connected between the high-voltage current path 68 and the vehicle chassis 22 .
- the traction battery 60 and the elements connected to it are electrically isolated from the chassis 22 of the vehicle.
- the traction battery 60 has an insulation monitor 69 . If a fault in the insulation of the traction battery 60 is detected, the battery contactors 62 are opened. In catenary operation, the insulation monitor 69 can be deactivated by opening a switch 70 .
- Overvoltage protection 14 is also connected between the two current collectors 26 and 28 . Furthermore, a current collector fuse 72 is connected between the contact unit 30 of the respective current collector 26 , 28 and the DC voltage converter 36 .
- FIG. 2b A second variant of the electrically driven motor vehicle 20 is shown in FIG. 2b.
- This variant differs from the first variant according to Fig. 2a in that the device for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis 22 and the first current collector 26 and/or for determining the voltage between the vehicle chassis 22 and the second current collector 28 has two voltage measuring devices 74 includes.
- the voltage measuring devices 74 are switched in such a way that the voltage between the current collectors 26, 28 and the voltage between the first current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 can be detected.
- one of the voltage measuring devices 74 is connected between the high-voltage current path 42 connected to the first current collector and the vehicle chassis, the other of the voltage measuring devices 74 is connected between the two high-voltage current paths 42 .
- This voltage measuring device 74 can be connected to the high-voltage current paths 42 on the DC voltage converter side or on the current collector side, ie on the contact device side, with respect to the switch 56 .
- the circuit of the voltage measuring device 74 on the current collector side is shown in FIG. 2b. represented by a dashed line representation of this voltage measuring device.
- the two voltage measuring devices 74 are connected in such a way that the voltage between the first current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 and the voltage between the second current collector 28 and the vehicle chassis can be detected.
- the two voltage measuring devices 74 are connected in such a way that the voltage between the current collectors 26, 28 and the voltage between the second current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 can be detected.
- the switch 54 is optional in the second variant. This can be omitted in particular if the resistances of the circuits are set to be comparatively high, for example greater than 1 k ⁇ , suitably greater than 5 k ⁇ , expediently greater than 10 k ⁇ , or greater than 50 k ⁇ , preferably between 100 k ⁇ and 1 MW or can be set to such a high resistance.
- the vehicle 20 according to FIG. 2a or FIG. 2b and the contact line device 2 form a system.
- FIG 3 shows a method sequence for operating motor vehicle 20 using a flow chart. This has the first circuit 46, the second circuit 47, the third circuit 48 and/or the fourth circuit 49.
- a first step I. the contact devices 30 of the current collectors 26 , 28 are moved in such a way that they are in contact with the contact lines 4 , 6 of the contact line device 2 .
- the pantographs 26, 28 are coupled to the contact lines 4, 6.
- the switches 56 are in the open, ie non-conductive, state.
- the catenary voltage is determined or recorded using the voltage measuring devices 74 . Furthermore, in step I - if necessary - the vehicle network on the pantograph side is pre-charged by means of the DC-DC converter 36 and the traction battery 60. At the beginning of the catenary operation FB, in particular the overhead line operation, the switches 56 are then closed, i.e. switched to conducting current.
- the electrical resistance of the first, the second, the third and/or the fourth circuit 46 to 49 is set or regulated in such a way that the bridge is balanced.
- the electrical resistance of the first, the second, the third and/or the fourth circuit 46 to 49 is then set or regulated in such a way that the voltage drop across the bridge transverse resistance or the bridge current is equal to zero (first variant of the motor vehicle) or that the voltage between the first pantograph and the vehicle chassis is equal to the voltage between the vehicle chassis and the second pantograph.
- the first total electrical resistance between the first current collector 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 is equal to a second total electrical resistance between the second current collector 28 and the vehicle chassis 22.
- the potential on the vehicle chassis 22 is the ground potential 9.
- a threshold value S or a respective threshold value for the magnitude of the electrical resistance of the first, second, third or fourth circuit 46 to 49 is specified or can be specified, whereby if the electrical resistance falls below the threshold value S, at least one of the circuits 46 to 49 of Catenary operation is ended, so the current-blocking switched at the switch 56, which are connected between the contact device 30 of the respective pantograph 26,28 and the DC-DC converter 36 (step III.). In this way it is avoided that the amount of electrical resistance between the vehicle chassis and the corresponding pantograph becomes too small.
- a further threshold value S' or a threshold value S' for the amount of the electrical resistance of the first, second, third or fourth circuit 46 to 49 is or can be predetermined, with at least one of the Circuits 46 to 49 of the catenary operation is terminated (step III.).
- the voltage drop across the bridge shunt resistance 52 or a value from the voltage recorded (using the voltage measuring devices 74) between the first pantograph 26 and the vehicle chassis 22 and from the voltage between the vehicle chassis 22 and the second pantograph 28 is or was determined, compared with a predefined or predefinable (further) (voltage) threshold value S”. If this threshold value is exceeded, catenary operation FB is ended.
- This value is, for example, the difference between the recorded voltages, their amount, a ratio of these voltages or their amount.
- the two switches 56 in particular are controlled by the control unit 53 in such a way that they are switched (opened) in a current-blocking manner. This serves as redundant protection for a person against an electric shock if the vehicle chassis 22 is touched.
- the catenary operation FB is terminated in an expedient manner.
- Step II is expediently carried out at recurring times during catenary operation FB.
- center tap 6 first circuit 7 second circuit 8 third circuit 9 fourth circuit 0 second center tap 2 bridge shunt resistance 3 control unit
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021207041.8A DE102021207041A1 (de) | 2021-07-05 | 2021-07-05 | Elektrisch angetriebenes Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb dessen |
| PCT/EP2022/065555 WO2023280503A1 (de) | 2021-07-05 | 2022-06-08 | Elektrisch angetriebenes kraftfahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betrieb dessen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4366971A1 true EP4366971A1 (de) | 2024-05-15 |
Family
ID=82117479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22732197.3A Pending EP4366971A1 (de) | 2021-07-05 | 2022-06-08 | Elektrisch angetriebenes kraftfahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betrieb dessen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240336144A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4366971A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117597255A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021207041A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023280503A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022204420B3 (de) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-08-03 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrisch angetriebenes Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
| DE102022204417B3 (de) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-10-12 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrisch angetriebenes Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb dessen |
| DE102023203370A1 (de) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-10-17 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Überspannungsschutz für Stromabnehmer |
| EP4620715A1 (de) * | 2024-03-22 | 2025-09-24 | Scania CV AB | Elektrofahrzeugsystem |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE639127C (de) | 1934-06-07 | 1936-11-28 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges | Beruehrungsschutz fuer Oberleitungsomnibusse |
| FR831653A (fr) | 1937-04-15 | 1938-09-12 | Materiel Electrique S W Le | Dispositif détecteur d'isolement électrique |
| AT219691B (de) * | 1961-01-21 | 1962-02-12 | Horst Bayer | Schaltungsanordnung zur Prüfung des Isolationszustandes von Oberleitungs-Autobussen |
| DE19503749C1 (de) | 1995-02-04 | 1996-04-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Fahrzeug mit einem brennstoffzellen- oder batteriegespeisten Energieversorgungsnetz |
| DE102005041511A1 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Vossloh Kiepe Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erfassung und Überwachung von Isolationsstrecken und Berührungsspannungen im Trolley-Bus |
| BR112016002592B1 (pt) | 2013-08-06 | 2022-06-14 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Sistema de energia híbrido em um veículo, método para operação de sistema de energia híbrido em um veículo, e veículo compreendendo sistema de energia híbrido |
| DE102013226356A1 (de) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Scania Cv Ab | Fahrzeug |
| WO2017108107A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A method and system for monitoring electrical insulation resistance in an electric system |
| DE102016202761A1 (de) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Batteriesystem mit einer Spannungsausgleichsschaltung, Verfahren zum Erkennen eines fehlerhaften Zustandes der Spannungsausgleichsschaltung und der Zellspannungsmessung |
| DE102017119992A1 (de) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Überwachungsvorrichtung zum Überwachen einer elektrischen Energiequelle in Bezug ihre Quellenspannung und ihre Isolationswiderstände sowie Hochvoltsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Überwachungsvorrichtung |
| DE102018211625A1 (de) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-16 | Audi Ag | Bordnetzanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Bordnetzsymmetrie |
| US10967754B2 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-04-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electrified vehicle contactor status |
| DE102018221741B4 (de) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | System für elektrisch straßengebundene Fahrzeuge |
| DE102019213980B3 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-09-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Elektrofahrzeugs und Elektrofahrzeug |
-
2021
- 2021-07-05 DE DE102021207041.8A patent/DE102021207041A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-06-08 CN CN202280047733.3A patent/CN117597255A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-08 WO PCT/EP2022/065555 patent/WO2023280503A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-08 US US18/576,927 patent/US20240336144A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-08 EP EP22732197.3A patent/EP4366971A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117597255A (zh) | 2024-02-23 |
| US20240336144A1 (en) | 2024-10-10 |
| WO2023280503A1 (de) | 2023-01-12 |
| DE102021207041A1 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
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Owner name: VOLKSWAGEN AG Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH |