EP4365385A1

EP4365385A1 - Roof window comprising actuator attached at glass unit by means of adhesive connection

Info

Publication number: EP4365385A1
Application number: EP23208200.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lars Kristensen; Kristian Nitzsch Grønborg
Original assignee: VKR Holding AS
Current assignee: VKR Holding AS
Priority date: 2022-11-07
Filing date: 2023-11-07
Publication date: 2024-05-08

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a roof window (1). The roof window comprises a fixation frame (2). Moreover the roof window comprises a movable unit (40). The movable unit (40) comprises a glass unit (4) comprising one or more glass sheets (4a-4d, 4L). A first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4) is configured to face the interior (50) of the building when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position. The roof window moreover comprises an actuator system (10) configured to move the movable unit (40) relative to the fixation frame (2) towards and open position (OPOS). The actuator system (10) comprises a first fixation arrangement (20) and a second fixation arrangement (30). First fixation means (21) fixates the first fixation arrangement (20) to the fixation frame (2). Second fixation means (31) fixates the second fixation arrangement (30) at the glass unit (4) by means of an adhesive connection (AC).

Description

The present disclosure relates to a roof window comprising an actuator system, and a method of attaching an actuator.

Background

Roof windows are known to provide different advantages. Some roof windows are used for providing sunlight to a room of a building, and some roof windows may moreover enable room ventilation. The roof windows enabling room ventilation may comprise a movable frame (also known as a sash) supporting a glass unit, and a fixation frame, where the movable frame is movably connected to the fixation frame by means of a hinge connection. Hence, when moving the movable frame to an open position from a closed position, this enables room ventilation.
In order to enable automatized opening of the movable frame, actuator systems are known to be arranged at the roof windows to open the movable frame. Various actuator solutions are known for this purpose. These may e.g. comprise chain actuators, linear actuators such as piston or spindle actuators and/or the like.
Some type of room windows are designed to be a smoke and heat vent/ventilator in case of fire in the building where the window is installed. In case of fire, the roof window opens by means of an actuator system. EP 2003262B1 discloses an opening mechanism for a smoke and heat vent. The mechanism comprises a crossbar, an actuator is attached between the crossbar and a lifting arm, and the actuator is pivotably fastened to the crossbar. IT1395810B1 discloses another opening solution for smoke heat evacuation. EP2383413A2 discloses a vent operating mechanism for effecting opening and closing movement of a vent panel hinged to a frame. DE 103 03 060 A1 discloses another fixation solution. The above mentioned solutions may suffer from drawbacks in relation to e.g. installation of the actuator system and/or handling of loads.
It may be an object of the present disclosure to provide a solution which reduces or even removes such drawbacks. It may additionally or alternatively be an object of the present disclosure to provide a solution where more freedom in roof window design is obtained for roof windows comprising actuators while e.g. also obtaining improved manufacturing options, improved cost efficiency and/or improved load handling.

Summary

Conventional actuator systems of roof windows are often attached to the fixation frame and the movable frame, respectively, of the roof window by means of mechanical fixation means such as screws. The present inventors have however found that newer roof window designs which may be more space saving, may provide enhanced heat insulation, may provide desired aesthetical appearance and/or the like may result in window designs where sufficient attachment of actuator systems may become more difficult, inconvenient and/or inferior.
The present disclosure relates to a roof window. The roof window comprises a fixation frame and a movable unit. The movable unit comprises a movable glass unit. The glass unit comprises one or more glass sheets. The movable unit is movably attached to the fixation frame by means of a hinge arrangement. A first exterior major surface of the glass unit is configured to face the interior of the building when the movable unit is in a closed position. The roof window moreover comprises an actuator system configured to move the movable unit relative to the fixation frame towards and open position. The actuator system comprises a first fixation arrangement and a second fixation arrangement. First fixation means fixates the first fixation arrangement to the fixation frame. Second fixation means fixates the second fixation arrangement at the glass unit by means of an adhesive connection.
The inventors have found that a solution where the second fixation means fixates the second fixation arrangement at the glass unit of the roof window by means of an adhesive connection may provide advantages in relation to installation of actuator systems in window solutions where it may e.g. be difficult to obtain a reliable fixation of the second fixation arrangement to a movable frame of the movable unit.
Hence, instead of the actuator system subjecting a movable frame of the movable unit to a pushing or pulling force in order to open or close the movable frame, the actuator system instead subjects the pushing and/or pulling force to the glass unit, such as directly at the glass unit. These forces are hence transferred from the glass unit to the hinge arrangement, so as to open or close the movable frame dependent on the direction of the subjected force.
This may e.g. enable installation of an actuator at a roof window where the roof window design is e.g. space saving, may provide enhanced heat insulation, may provide desired aesthetical appearance and/or the like, but where connection of the actuator solution to the movable frame may be difficult or inconvenient due to the roof window design.
Additionally or alternatively, the solution according to the present disclosure may provide advantages in relation to retrofitting of an actuator system onto a roof window such as a pre-installed roof window. For example, screwing holes may be prevented/omitted and/or more easy, correct actuator system installation may be obtained.
Additionally, the solution according to present disclosure may provide advantages in relation to enable providing more freedom in roof window design and still provide a roof window solution that may be actuated by an actuator system.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the movable unit may be fixed to the actuator system alone by means of the adhesive connection, and e.g. mechanical fixation may be omitted.
The first fixation means may e.g. comprise one or more adhesives for providing the adhesive connection. The one or more adhesives may comprise a structural adhesive such as a structural glass adhesive.
The movable glass unit is movable as it is part of the movable unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be provided by means of a structural adhesive, such as a structural adhesive for glass adhesion.
This may e.g. provide a more secure fixation of the second fixation arrangement at the glass unit by means of an adhesive connection.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive comprises an adhesive tape and/or a glue, such as a silicone adhesive.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive may be a one-component or a two-component silicone adhesive.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive may have a maximum temperature operational range, which is below 250°C, such as below 160°C.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection comprises a total adhesive area at the glass unit of at least 30 cm², such as at least 90 cm², such as at least 145 cm² or at least 180 cm².
This may e.g. provide sufficient adhesive connection to assure a structurally strong adhesive connection that may provide an adhesive connection that corresponds to or is stronger than using mechanical fastening to a movable frame by means of one or more screws
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection comprises a total adhesive area of between 90 cm² and 400 cm² , such as between 120 cm² and 300 cm², such as between 145 cm² and 180 cm². This may e.g. help to allow increased inflow of sunlight through the glass unit while still assuring a strong and long lasting adhesive connection.
The adhesive connection may in embodiments comprise/be provided by a structural adhesive such as a structural adhesive for glass, where the structural adhesive has a thickness of between 1mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm, for example 4 mm.
The adhesive connection may in embodiments comprise/be provided by a structural adhesive such as a structural adhesive for glass, where the structural adhesive has a thickness of between 1 mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 8 mm, for example between 3 mm and 8 mm.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation arrangement comprises at least one connection surface, wherein the adhesive connection is provided by means of adhesive, which adhesive adheres to said at least one fixation surface.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the movable unit comprises a movable frame and the glass unit which is supported by the movable frame, wherein the glass unit comprises one or more glass sheets, wherein the movable frame is movably attached to the fixation frame by means of the hinge arrangement, wherein a first exterior major surface of the glass unit is configured to face the interior of the building when the movable unit is in a closed position,
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the movable unit comprises a movable frame, wherein the glass unit is supported by the movable frame. Here, the movable unit is movably attached to the fixation frame by the movable frame being movably attached to the fixation frame by means of the hinge arrangement.
The actuator system may hence be configured to subject a pushing and/or pulling force to the glass unit. This/these forces are hence transferred from the glass unit to the hinge arrangement through the movable frame, so as to open or close the movable frame dependent on the direction of the subjected force.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be arranged at a surface area of the glass unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said surface area may be uncovered by a movable frame of the movable unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the surface area of the glass unit may be uncovered by the fixation frame when the movable unit is in a closed position. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said surface area may be uncovered by the movable frame of the movable unit and be uncovered by the fixation frame when the movable unit is in a closed position.
The inventors have found that this may help to enable more easy actuator installation, although it may reduce the final size of the see through area of the glass unit that a human user can see through when the movable frame is in a closed position.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, adhesive connection may be arranged at a see-through area of the glass unit. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the see-through area covers a frame opening of the movable frame and/or fixation frame.
The see-through area may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a major area of the major surface of the glass unit, such as at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80% of the major outer surface area of the glass unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection is provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips, such as parallel strips. Said strips and/or dots may be comprise or consist of a structural adhesive. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said adhesive dots and/or strips together provides said total adhesive area.
The discrete adhesive strips and/or dots may help to reduce adhesive curing time during manufacturing and actuator system attachment and may hence enable faster manufacturing speed, improve cost efficiency, improved adhesion and/or enable easier actuator system installation.
The adhesive dots and/or strips may in embodiments may be attached to the same fixation surface of the second fixation arrangement.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips which adhere to a first fixation surface of a first fixation bracket and a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips which adhere to a second fixation surface of a second fixation bracket.
The adhesive strips and/or dots may adhere to the same adhesive surface, e.g. a bracket surface.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive strips may provide individual adhesive areas, wherein the respective adhesive area each have a width of between 0.4 cm and 8 cm, such as between 1 cm and 8 cm, for example between 2.5 cm and 4 cm. This may e.g. enable vaster and/or more efficient curing.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive providing the adhesive connection, such as structural adhesive, has a thickness of between 1 mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive providing the adhesive connection, such as a structural adhesive, has a thickness of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 7 mm or at least 10 mm.
The inventors have seen indications that a larger thickness of the adhesive for providing the adhesive connection may be beneficial due to the forces acting on the glass unit. A larger adhesive thickness, such as at least 3 mm, for example at least 4 mm or at least 7 mm or at least 8 mm may provide a more resilient connection that may result in a reduced risk of glass unit damage during opening and/or closing of the glass unit, for example when the movable unit is opened to a large opening angle and/or if sudden forces are acting on the adhesive connection.
In some embodiments, the larger thickness may enable providing a smaller total adhesion area.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more space(s) such as channels, between discrete adhesive connections, e.g. adhesive strips and/or dots, may be in fluid communication with the ambient air of the movable unit. This may e.g. enable improved curing and/or faster curing of the adhesive, such as structural adhesive, for providing the adhesive connection.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more space(s) such as channels may extend between and/or along the adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips of adhesive such as structural adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips may shape said spaces/channels.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive, such as structural adhesive may have a thickness which is less than 30 mm, such as less than 20 mm, such as less than 15 mm.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection comprises a total adhesive area at the glass unit of less than 80 cm², such as less than 60 cm², such as less than 40 cm².
This may e.g. help to provide sufficient adhesion while obtaining a reduced adhesive area. This may e.g. enable providing a more cost efficient solution and/or aesthetically desirable solution.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive of a first type and a secondary adhesive of a second type. In some embodiments hereof, the primary adhesive may comprise a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive. In additional or alternative embodiments hereof, the secondary adhesive may comprise a temporary adhesive such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures faster than the primary adhesive.
This may provide an improved adhesive connection and/or a solution where manufacturing advantages are obtained. The secondary adhesive may e.g. help to provide/maintain a desired distance between the glass unit surface and the surface to which it is attached by means of the adhesive connection. Hence, the primary adhesive may be soft until it is cured, but the secondary adhesive maintains the desired distance and hence the desired thickness of the primary adhesive until it is cured. After curing of the primary adhesive, it may be able to maintain the desired distance without help from the secondary adhesive.
The primary, structural adhesive is configured so that it may alone be sufficient for providing the adhesive connection between the glass unit and the actuator system if the adhesion by the secondary adhesive is weakened, removed and/or degrades over time.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass unit may comprise an exterior major surface, and the adhesive connection may be provided at said exterior major surface.
In on e or more embodiments, the roof window is designed to be an emergency exit. The roof window may e.g. in some embodiments have an exit height when the movable unit is open, that is at least 1000 mm and an opening angle 60° opening for easy roof access.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be provided directly at a major surface, such as an exterior major surface, of the glass unit.
If connecting the adhesive connection directly at a major surface of the glass unit, this may enable a strong actuator/glass unit connection and/or a mechanically simple solution.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection may be provided at a surface of a connection layer of the glass unit, such as at a partly or fully opaque connection layer. In some embodiments, the connection layer may comprise or be an enamel layer or an ink layer arranged at major surface of the glass unit, such as at a major surface of a glass sheet of the glass unit.
If connecting the adhesive connection at a connection layer of the glass unit, this may e.g. enable improved/desirable aesthetics.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system is configured to subject a pushing and/or pulling force to the glass unit, wherein said pushing and/or pulling force is configured to be transferred from the glass unit to the hinge arrangement so as to open or close the movable unit. This transfer of the force(s) may in further embodiments of the present disclosure be configured to be transferred from the glass unit to the hinge arrangement through a movable frame of the movable unit so as to open or close the movable unit. This movable frame may be a movable sash. The glass unit may be supported by and fixed to the movable frame.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the roof window is a smoke and heat (RWA) vent.
The present inventors have found that fixating the second fixation arrangement at the glass unit by means of an adhesive connection may enable utilizing more space saving, heat insulating and/or aesthetically desirable roof window designs as smoke vents.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the smoke and heat vent (RWA) may be designed to comply with the standard EN12101-2. "RWA" is a common abbreviation for the German term "Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsanlagen"
Generally, the adhesive connection may, in embodiments of the present disclosure, be configured to resist pulling forces when an exterior force (such as a burglar, wind suction and/or the like) pulls in the movable unit to try to open the movable frame. Also, the adhesive connection may help to transfer pulling forces from the actuator system to the movable frame, e.g. when closing the movable unit. On the other hand, exterior pushing forces (such as wind) that tries to force the movable unit to a closed position, and pushing forces from the actuator that are provided to open the movable unit may be provided mechanically by the actuator system, and may still be provided no matter if the adhesive connection in principle was absent.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass unit may be an insulated glass unit comprising glass sheets and one or more gaps with a vacuum or a gas such as argon arranged between major surfaces of said glass sheets.
Insulated glass units provides e.g. improved heat insulation while allowing flow of at least light in the visible light spectrum through the glass unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass unit is a laminated glass unit comprising a lamination interlayer and a lamination glass sheet. The second fixation means may fixate the second fixation arrangement directly or indirectly at the lamination glass sheet.
The lamination solution may enhance roof window safety. The present inventors have found that it may be acceptable to provide the adhesive connection at the lamination glass, this may also in embodiments of the present disclosure be the case if the roof window is configured to act as a smoke and heat vent.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass sheet which is proximate the actuator system and to which the second fixation arrangement is connected may be a tempered glass sheet.
The lamination interlayer may e.g. comprise a PVB (Polyvinylbutyral) or an EVA (Ethylene-vinyl acetate) lamination material or a polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) or a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) lamination material.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a support rail of the actuator system comprises the second fixation arrangement. In further embodiments, the support rail may span over at least 40%, such as at least 75%, of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
This may e.g. provide a solution that may be easy to attach to the window and/or an actuator solution that is configured to provide and/or take up forces at or near extremities of the movable frame.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation arrangement may comprise adhesive connections separated by a distance of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length of the glass unit.
This may e.g. enable improved/desirable force transfer between glass unit and actuator system.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said support rail may be telescopic. This may e.g. ease adaption of the actuator system to the roof window size and/or type.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation arrangement, comprises at least one fixation surface.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation arrangement, comprises a first fixation surface and a second fixation surface, wherein said fixation surfaces are discrete and wherein the adhesive connection is provided by means of adhesive which adheres to said fixation surfaces.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system is configured to open the movable unit from a closed position to an open position at an angle above 90 degrees, such as above 120 degrees relative to the closed position.
This may e.g. provide that the roof window may act as a smoke and heat vent.
Additionally or alternatively, it may be an advantage in relation to if the roof window is used as an emergency exit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation means comprises mechanical fastening means such as one or more screws, brackets, snap connections, nails, clips pop rivets and/or threaded bolts.
This may provide a strong and/or releasable fixation to the fixation frame. Such mechanical fastening may in further embodiments provide good heat resistance during fire.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation means may instead provide an adhesive connection and the first fixation means may here comprise a structural adhesive such as an adhesive tape or a glue, such as a silicone adhesive.
The first fixation arrangement may in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure comprise one or more fixation brackets.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a/the movable frame of the movable unit comprises elongated frame profiles, such as structural profiles, which supports the glass unit and together provides a frame opening. The elongated frame profiles may comprise a profile part that overlaps said first exterior major surface of the glass unit, wherein the first exterior major surface is comprised in a plane- The said elongated frame profiles may extends with a maximum height of less than 5 cm, such as less than 2 cm from said plane at the side of the plane that faces away from the overlapped exterior major surface.
This may e.g. provide a space saving solution providing e.g. aesthetical advantages and/or a solution that may provide improved heat insulation. However, this solution may also suffer from providing a solution where actuator system installation may be harder, but the adhesive connection solves this issue.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the fixation frame may comprise an overlapping part that overlaps the first exterior major surface of the glass unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the overlapping part of the fixation frame may cover, such as may hide, a movable frame of the movable unit when the movable unit is in a closed position.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the overlapping part of the fixation frame may cover, such as may hide, said profile part of the movable frame that overlaps said first exterior major surface of the glass unit.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the overlapping part of the fixation frame may fully cover said profile part of the movable frame that overlaps said first exterior major surface of the glass unit when the movable unit is arranged in a closed position.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the overlapping part of the fixation frame may fully overlap and extend beyond the width of the profile part of the movable frame to a position opposite the glass unit surface.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a gasket may be supported by the fixation frame, wherein said gasket is arranged between the overlapping part and the first exterior major surface. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, said gasket may abuts the glass unit. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, said gasket may abut the first exterior major surface of the glass unit.
Several of the above mentioned embodiments relating to overlapping parts of profiles of the movable frame and/or fixation frame may e.g. provide a space saving solution, provide desirable aesthetics and/or enable improved heat insulation. The present disclosure provides a solution where an actuator system may also be used at such a roof window as the adhesive connection is provided at the glass unit.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the roof window may be a roof window for, such as designed for, installation in a flat roof structure.
In other embodiments, the roof window may be configured to be installed at a roof having a roof pitch above 17° such as above 25°.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the movable unit comprises a weather shield covering the glass unit, wherein an air gap is provided between the glass unit and the weather shield. The weather shield may be transparent to at least light in the visible light spectrum.
The weather shield may e.g. help to provide improved heat insulation, weather protection and/or reduce need of glass unit cleaning and/or the like.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the minimum distance between the exterior major surface of the glass unit that faces the weather shield and the surface and the major surface of the weather shield facing the glass unit may in embodiments of the present disclosure be at least two times such as at least three times or at least four times the thickness of the glass unit. This glass unit thickness may be defined between the exterior, oppositely directed major glass unit surfaces.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the weather shield and the glass unit are separate units such as separate glass units.
Such a solution may e.g. provide an improved heat insulation and/or weather protection.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system comprises a crossbar, wherein said crossbar has a longitudinal direction extending between parallel frame profiles of the fixation frame across a frame opening.
This may e.g. provide a strong and reliable actuator system solution.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said crossbar comprises the first fixation arrangement. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the crossbar comprises a distancing member interconnecting the respective first fixation arrangement and the crossbar.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the crossbar may be telescopic. This may enable more easy adaption to the fixation frame opening size.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system comprises one or more actuators. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said one or more actuators may comprise electrically powered actuators. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said one or more actuators comprises one or more mechanical springs or gas springs. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said one or more actuators comprises or is a linear actuators such as a chain actuator (such as a push-pull chain actuator), a piston actuator or a spindle actuator.
In one or more embodiments, the actuator system may comprise one or more electrical actuators such as e.g. one or two primary linear actuators, and one or more secondary mechanical actuators.
In other embodiments, the actuator system may comprise one or more primary electrical actuators, such as e.g. a single electrical actuator or two electrical actuators and no secondary actuators.
One or more of the one or more actuators may in embodiments of the present disclosure be electrically driven by an electrical motor that is supplied with power from mains or from a battery such as a rechargeable battery and/or a backup battery.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a support rail of the actuator system comprises the second fixation arrangement, wherein the actuator system comprises a crossbar, wherein said crossbar comprises the first fixation arrangement,
wherein the actuator system comprises one or more actuators, such as one or more linear actuators, and one or more lifting arms of the actuator system that directly or indirectly connects said support rail and the crossbar.
One or more wind deflectors may be provided such as plates or screens configured to enhance the ventilation.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the fixation frame comprises a window frame, wherein the hinge arrangement is fixed to the window frame,

wherein the fixation frame moreover comprises an upstand,
wherein the first fixation arrangement is attached to the upstand and/or to the window frame by means of the first fixation means.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation means may be arranged away from a centre line of the glass unit, where the centre line is envisaged and is placed between parallel edges of the glass unit at 50% of the length of the glass unit defined/extending between parallel edges.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass unit has a length defined between parallel outer edges of the glass unit, wherein the second fixation means are arranged at a distance from one of said edges that is less than 30%, such as less than 20% such as less than 10% of said length of the glass unit.
This may provide a solution where advantageous force applying is obtained, compared to where the hinge arrangement is placed.
The second fixation means may in embodiments of the present disclosure be arranged with a distance that is less than 30 cm, such as less than 20 cm such as less than 10 cm from the glass unit edge.
The second fixation means may in some embodiments of the present disclosure be arranged with a distance that is less than 9 cm, such as less than 5 cm such as less than 3 cm from the glass unit edge.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the actuator system comprises a housing. The housing may enclose one or more of:

a battery, such as a rechargeable battery
a gear
a drive motor for driving an actuator part such as a spindle or a push-pull chain (16a),
an actuator storage such as a chain storage for storing a folded part of a chain actuator.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the housing encloses one or more of:

a gear
a drive motor for driving an actuator part such as a spindle or a push-pull chain,
an actuator storage such as a chain storage for storing a folded part of a chain actuator.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said housing comprises the first fixation arrangement, such as a fixation bracket.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the housing covers the first fixation arrangement such as a fixation bracket.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said actuator system comprises a housing, such as the above mentioned housing, which is arranged to be hidden between the movable unit and the fixation frame, at least when the movable unit is in a closed position.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, said actuator system, such as said housing, is attached to the fixation frame at a first end of the fixation frame.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system is configured to provide a pushing and pulling force at the movable unit only at one side of a centre line of the glass unit, where the centre line is envisaged and is placed between parallel edges of the glass unit at 50% of the length of the glass unit defined between parallel edges.
This may e.g. enable providing a more space saving solution and/or a solution allowing for increased sunlight inflow compared to a crossbar based actuator system.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the actuator system may be configured to provide a pushing and pulling force at the movable unit at both sides of a centre line of the glass unit, where the centre line is placed between parallel edges of the glass unit at 50% of the length of the glass unit defined between parallel edges. This may e.g. provide improved connection and/or load distribution.
The present disclosure moreover, in a second aspect, relates to a method of attaching an actuator system to a roof window. The roof window may comprise a fixation frame and a movable unit, wherein the movable unit comprises a glass unit. The glass unit comprises one or more glass sheets and the movable unit is movably attached to the fixation frame by means of a hinge arrangement. A first exterior major surface of the glass unit is configured to face the interior of a building when the movable unit is in a closed position. The actuator system comprises a first fixation arrangement and a second fixation arrangement. The method may comprise fixating the first fixation arrangement to the fixation frame by means of first fixation means, and fixating the second fixation arrangement at the glass unit by means of second fixation means so that the second fixation arrangement is fixated at the glass unit by means of an adhesive connection.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the adhesive connection may be provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips which adhere to a fixation surface. In some embodiments, the fixation surface may comprise a surface of a bracket of the actuator system.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the second fixation means may comprises a structural adhesive having a thickness of between 1mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the second fixation means comprises a structural adhesive having a thickness of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 8 mm or at least 10 mm.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the adhesive connection comprises a total adhesive area at the glass unit of less than 80 cm ², such as less than 60 cm ², such as less than 40 cm ².
In one or more embodiments of the method, the adhesive connection may be provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive of a first type and a secondary adhesive of a second type.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the primary adhesive comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the secondary adhesive may be configured to maintain a thickness, such as a predefined thickness, of the primary adhesive during curing of the primary adhesive.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the secondary adhesive comprises a temporary adhesive, such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures and/or hardens faster than the primary adhesive.
In one or more embodiments of the method, the adhesive connection is provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive of a first type and a secondary adhesive of a second type, wherein the primary adhesive comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive, wherein the secondary adhesive comprises a temporary adhesive, such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue. In some further embodiments, if the secondary adhesive comprises a glue, it may be a glue of a type that cures and/or hardens faster than the primary adhesive. An example hereof may comprise a glue of the hot melt type.
In one or more embodiments of the method, one or more space(s), such as channels, between discrete adhesive connections is/are in fluid communication with the ambient air of the movable unit.
It is generally understood that in some embodiments, the method may provide a roof window according to one or more of the previously described embodiments.

Figures

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following with reference to the figures in which:

figs. 1A-1B: : illustrates a roof window comprising an actuator system, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 2: : illustrates a movable unit of a roof window according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 3: : illustrates a glass unit 4 according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
figs. 4A-4b:: illustrates a cross sectional view of a part of a roof window comprising an actuator system, according to further embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 5: : illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein an actuator system is hidden between a movable unit and a fixation frame,
fig. 6: : illustrates schematically a glass unit with a connection layer, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 7: : illustrates schematically a roof window where an overlapping part of a fixation frame profile overlaps an exterior major surface of a glass unit, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 8: : illustrates a roof window comprising a centre hung movable unit and an actuator system, according to embodiments of the present disclosure,
fig. 9: : illustrates discrete adhesive connections, such as adhesive strips and/or dots, having a height, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and
fig. 10: : illustrates primary and secondary adhesives according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed description

Figs. 1A and 1B illustrates schematically a roof window 1 comprising an actuator system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 1B is a simplified schematic cross sectional view A-A of the roof window illustrated in fig. 1A.
The roof window 1 of figs. 1A and 1B is a smoke and heat vent. Such a vent may be used in case fire occurs in a building, and if fire occurs, the roof window will be automatically opened. Such vents may also be known as RWA, which is an abbreviation for the German term "Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsanlagen". In embodiments of the present disclosure, the smoke and heat vent 1 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be designed to comply with the standard EN12101-2.
The roof window comprises a fixation frame 2. The fixation frame 2 is configured to be fixated directly or indirectly to a roof structure of a building (not illustrated in figs. 1A and 1B).
The roof window moreover comprises a movable unit 40. The movable unit 40 comprises a movable frame 3 and a glass unit 4, which is supported by the movable frame 3. The glass unit 4 may be attached to the movable frame 3 by means of mechanical fastening means and/or one or more adhesives. The movable unit 40 frame 3 may also be known as a sash.
The glass unit 4 comprises one or more glass sheets 4a-4d, 4L. In fig. 1A and 1B, the glass unit 4 is an insulated glass unit comprising glass sheets 4a-4c enclosing gaps 7 with/containing a gas such as argon. The insulated glass unit 4 may in other embodiments (not illustrated) comprise or be a vacuum insulated glass (VIG) unit comprising a gap 7 with a vacuum/reduced pressure, such as a pressure of below 10^-4 bar, such as around or below 10^-3 mbar and comprising distributed support structures/spacers in the gap 7.
The insulated glass unit of the example of figs. 1A and 1B comprises three glass sheets 4A-4C together providing two heat insulating gaps 7. More glass sheets may be provided in further embodiments of the present disclosure, which increase the number of insulating gaps 7 of the insulated glass unit 4. In further embodiments, fewer glass sheets 4a-4c may be provided which will decrease the number of insulating gaps to one insulating gap 7 to one gap. The glass sheets 4a-4L may have the same or different thicknesses.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the glass unit 4 may as e.g. illustrated in figs. 1A-1B be a laminated glass unit. Such a laminated glass unit 4 comprises a lamination interlayer LL and a lamination glass sheet 4L. The glass lamination interlayer LL may e.g. comprise a polymer such as PVB (Polyvinylbutyral) or an EVA (Ethylene-vinyl acetate) or polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA) or a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) lamination material .
The lamination glass sheet 4L may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a tempered glass sheet.
One, a plurality, or all of the glass unit glass sheets 4a-4c may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a tempered glass sheet. In other embodiments, one, a plurality, or all of the glass unit glass sheets 4a-4c may be an annealed glass sheet.
The movable frame 3 is movably attached to the fixation frame 2 by means of a hinge arrangement 5 so that the movable unit 4 can move from a closed position and to an open position OPOS.
A first exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit 4 is configured to face the interior 50 of the building when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position and the window 1 is installed at a building. Another oppositely directed major surface 4SU_1 of the glass unit 4 is configured to face the building exterior when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position.
In the example of figs. 1A and 1B, the lamination glass 4L provides the first exterior major surface 4SU. This may e.g. help to provide a safety precaution, which may be especially relevant in roof windows to reduce the amount of glass falling towards the building floor in case the glass unit 4 breaks.
The fixation frame 2 comprises a window frame 22. The window frame 22 is configured to engage with and support the movable unit when the movable unit is in a closed position. The window frame 22 may comprise one or more gaskets and/or one or more surfaces for supporting a gasket attached to the movable frame 40 when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position. The window frame may also comprise recesses for receiving a mart of the movable frame.
In further embodiments of the present disclosure, the fixation frame 2 may moreover comprise an upstand 23, which may comprise one or more upstand frame modules each comprising upstand surfaces US facing and enclosing an upstand frame opening UFO. The window frame 22 may support on and be fixed to the upstand 23. In other embodiments, the upstand 23 may be omitted.
The upstand 23 may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a height of at least 15 cm, such as at least 30 cm
The hinge arrangement 5 is fixed to the fixation frame 2. In embodiments, the hinge arrangement 5 may be fixed to the window frame 22 as illustrated in fig. 1B. In one or more embodiments the hinge arrangement 5 rotation axis may be situated outside the frame and/or next to the frame exterior. Hereby a large opening angle above 90 degrees may be provided and combined with a waterproof roof window design.
The roof window comprises an actuator system 10. Figs. 1A-1B illustrates an actuator system 10 of a type for use in a roof window, which is designed to act as/provide a smoke and heat vent. Other heat vent actuator systems/types 10 may be used in further embodiments of the present disclosure.
The actuator system 10 is configured to move the movable unit 40 of the roof window 1 relative to the fixation frame 2 towards and open position OPOS. This may e.g. be provided during normal operation where no fire is detected, and e.g. be enabled by means of a control panel, a wireless remote control such as a dedicated remote control, a user device such as a smart phone comprising control software and/or the like that controls the actuator system 10 for conventional non-critical / non-emergency ventilation purpose. During the normal operation, the movable unit may opened to a partly open position between the fully open position OPOS and the closed position, e.g. as illustrated in fig 1B.
If fire is detected, a hardware controller 60 is configured to control the actuator system 10 to open the movable unit 40 towards a fully open position OPOS. This may in embodiments of the present disclosure result in that the actuator system 10 opens the movable unit 40 from a closed position to an opening angle a1 above 90°, such as above 110° or above 120° relative to a closed position of the movable unit 40. It is noted that the movable unit 40 is not in the closed position in the figures 1A-1B - instead the movable unit 40 is in these figures in a partly open position placed between closed position and fully open position OPOS to improve understanding of the figure.
The actuator system 10 comprises a first fixation arrangement 20. First fixation means 21 fixates the first fixation arrangement 20 to the fixation frame 2. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation means 21 may fixate the first fixation arrangement 20 to the upstand 23 or to the window frame 22. The latter as is the case in fig. 1A and 1B where the first fixation arrangement 20 is attached at the part of the window frame 22 profiles 22a, 22b, respectively, comprising the profile surface 12a facing the fixation frame opening FFO.
In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation means 21 comprises mechanical fastening means. Such mechanical fastening means 21 may e.g. in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure comprise one or more screws (as illustrated in fig. 1A and 1b), one or more brackets, one or more snap connections, one or more nails, one or more clips and/or one or more threaded bolts or another type of mechanical fastening means.
The mechanical fastening means 21 provides a firm mechanical connection of the first fixation arrangement 20 to the fixation frame 2. The first fixation means 21 may also be referred to as first fixation interface 21 or a first fixator 21.
As illustrated in the examples of figs. 1A and 1B, the actuator system 10 may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a crossbar 14. The crossbar 14 has a longitudinal direction extending between parallel frame profiles 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b of the fixation frame 2 across a frame opening FFO defined by the fixation frame 2.
The fixation frame profiles 22a, 22b, each comprises a surface 12a that faces and abuts the fixation frame opening FFO. In some embodiments, a bracket part of the fixation arrangement 20 may abut this surface 12a and the fixation means 21 may penetrate this surface 12a or in other ways be attached to the profile part comprising this surface 12a.
In the example fig. 1A-1B, the first fixation arrangement 20 comprises fixation brackets 20a, in this case two fixation brackets, but fewer or more brackets may be provided in further embodiments. The fixation brackets 20a are fixed to the fixation frame 2 by means of the first fixation means 21. The fixation brackets may comprise a contact surface that is configured to be pressed/forced towards a surface 12a of the fixation frame by means of the first fixation means 21.
In figs. 1A-1B, the crossbar 14 comprises the first fixation arrangement 20. As illustrated, the first fixation arrangement 20 may in some embodiments of the present disclosure be attached to the window frame 22 of the fixation frame 2 by means of the first fixation means 21. In other embodiments (not illustrated) of the present disclosure, the first fixation arrangement 20 may be attached to the upstand 23 of the fixation frame 2 by means of the first fixation means 21. In other embodiments (not illustrated) of the present disclosure, the first fixation arrangement 20 may be attached to a roof curb by means of the first fixation means 21. In still further embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation arrangement 20 may be attached to both the window frame 22 and the upstand 23 of the fixation frame 2 by means of the first fixation means 21.
The crossbar 14 may e.g. comprise a distancing member 24 interconnecting the respective first fixation arrangement 20 and the crossbar 14. This distancing member 24 may provide that the distance between the crossbar 14 and the glass unit 4 is increased. The crossbar 14 hangs from the window frame 22 by means of the first fixation arrangement and the distancing members 24 of the crossbar 14 and is in the example of figs 1A and 1B not attached/unattached to the upstand.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the crossbar 14 may be telescopic and comprise a first telescopic member 14a, such as an elongated member, that is configured to engage with a second elongated member and be displaced relative to the second elongated member 14b of the crossbar 14. The first telescopic member 14a may comprise the first fixation arrangement 20. In some embodiments, two first members 14a may be provided and configured to be individually displaced in the longitudinal direction of the cross bar relative to the second member 14b. The second member 14b may comprise tracks for guiding and/or supporting the first telescopic member(s) 14a. In some embodiments, the members 14a, 14 may be configured to be locked together by means of a crossbar interlocking system, for example comprising one or more bolts, screws, engagers and/or the like configured to maintain/interlock the relative position between the first and second members 14a, 14b. Such an interlocking system may be omitted in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
When installing the crossbar1 14, the first member(s) 14a may be displaced relative to the second member 14b to adjust the mutual distance between the (in this case two) fixation arrangements 20, and thereby adapt to the distance between the profiles/parts of the fixation frame 2 that the fixation arrangement 20 should engage/be fixated to. In this case a part of the elongated frame profiles 22a, 22b of the movable frame 3 of the unit 40. Then the first fixation means 21 may be provided, in the illustrated example the screws. The members 14a, 14b may be interlocked before or after providing the first fixation means, or the members 14a, 14b may be maintained un-interlocked.
In certain embodiments (not illustrated), the frame 3 may be omitted, and for example a glued connection may attach a hinge arrangement to the glass unit of the moveable unit 40.
The actuator system 10 moreover comprises a second fixation arrangement 30. According to the present disclosure, second fixation means 31 fixates the second fixation arrangement 30 at the glass unit 4 by means of an adhesive connection AC.
In fig. 1A-1B, the second fixation means 31 fixates the second fixation arrangement 30 at the glass unit 4 surface 4SU by means of an adhesive connection AC.
The second fixation means 31 comprises an adhesive such as a structural adhesive. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation means 31 may consist of the adhesive such as a structural adhesive.
The adhesive connection AC may in embodiments of the present disclosure be provided by means of a structural adhesive 31 such as an adhesive tape or a glue. The structural adhesive may e.g. comprise or consist of a silicone adhesive. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive 31 may be a two-component adhesive such as a two-component silicone adhesive.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive 31 may have a rated maximum operational temperature which is below 250°C, such as below 160°C. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive 31 may have a rated operational temperature range that is within -70°C to 250°C, such as within -60°C to 200°C, such as e.g. -50°C to 150°C. For example, some structural adhesives may have a rated operational temperature range that is -50°C to 150°C.
I some embodiments, the structural adhesive 31 may be one or more of ozone resistant, thermal resistant, UV resistant and/or water resistant.
It is generally understood that in embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may comprise a structural adhesive such as a structural glass adhesive that has a thickness of between 1mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm, for example 4 mm.
Since the glass unit 4 in figs. 1A and 1B is laminated at the side for facing the building interior 50, the second fixation means 31 may as illustrated, in embodiments of the present disclosure, fixate the second fixation arrangement 30 directly or indirectly at the lamination glass sheet 4L. In other embodiments of the present disclosure where the glass unit 4 major side for facing the building interior 50 is unlaminated, the second fixation means 31 may fixate the second fixation arrangement 30 directly or indirectly at a lamination glass sheet 4A that comprises a surface facing and abutting an insulating gap 19, 7, such as an insulating gap 7 of the glass unit 4.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an elongated support rail 11 comprises the second fixation arrangement 30.
As can be seen, the second fixation arrangement 30 may comprise a first fixation surface 32a and a second fixation surface 32b. The fixation surfaces 32a, 32b are discrete and the adhesive connection AC is provided by means of discrete adhesives 31 which adheres to said fixation surfaces 32a, 32b, respectively.
The second fixation means 30 hence comprises one or more fixation brackets such as metal brackets such as aluminium brackets. In the present example two fixation brackets 34a, 34b that are adapted to comprise a fixation surface 32a, 32b facing a major exterior surface 4SU of the glass unit 4, for use to provide the adhesive connection by means of the fixation means 31.
The fixation surface(s) 32a, 32b may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a metal surface such as an aluminium surface.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive 31 may be a structural adhesive approved for glass adhesion.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive 31 may be a structural adhesive approved for metal adhesion at a metal surface 32a, 32b, such as e.g. adhesion to aluminium.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structural adhesive may be a structural adhesive approved for both glass adhesion to a glass surface 4SU and metal adhesion to a metal surface 32a, 32b.
Said approval may be an approval provided by the manufacturer of the adhesive.
As illustrated, the adhesive connection AC may in embodiments of the present disclosure be arranged at a surface area of the glass unit 4 which is uncovered by the movable frame 3 and the fixation frame 2 when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position.
For example, in embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may be arranged at a see-through area of the glass unit 4 that may be defined, such as enclosed, by the movable frame 3 and/or the fixation frame 2, such as the window frame 22. In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the see-through area covers a frame opening of the movable frame and/or fixation frame.
The see-through area may in embodiments comprise a major area of the major surface of the glass unit 4, such as at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80% of the major outer surface area of the glass unit.
The elongated support rail 11, such as a support rail of the actuator system 10 may as illustrated, in embodiments of the present disclosure, comprises spaced apart/discrete fixation brackets 34a, 34b which comprises the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b. The support rail 11 interconnects these fixation brackets of the second fixation arrangement 30.
The actuator system 10 comprises one or more actuators 16a-16d, such as one or more linear actuators, and one or more lifting arms 17 directly or indirectly connecting the support rail 11 and the crossbar 14.
The crossbar 14 and support rail 11 are in figs. 1A-1B are both elongated.
The actuator system 10 may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise at least one electrically powered actuator such as a linear actuator 16a. The electrically powered actuator 16a may be considered a primary actuator that moves the movable unit 4 in response to wired or wireless 91 control signals received from a hardware controller 90. The primary actuator 16a may be powered by mains and/or a battery.
The actuator system 10 may moreover, in embodiments of the present disclosure, comprise one or more secondary actuators 16b-16e. These actuators may e.g. be considered "passive" actuators, and have the purpose of helping/assisting the primary actuator 16a with opening the movable unit 40 to the fully open position OPOS. The one or more secondary actuators 16b-16e may e.g. comprise one or more mechanical springs and/or gas actuators. One or more of the secondary actuators may comprise a linear actuator.
In the embodiment of fig 1A, the actuator system 10 comprises one primary actuator 16a and four secondary actuators 16b-16e. In other embodiments, two or more primary actuators may be provided. Additionally or alternatively, less than four, such as less than three such as two or just one secondary actuator may be provided in further embodiments of the present disclosure. In further embodiments, more than four secondary actuators 16a-16e may be provided.
In the illustrated embodiment of figs 1A and 1B, the actuator system 10 comprises actuators 16a-16e, and at least one lifting arm 17 that connects the support rail 11 and the crossbar 14.
The type of actuator system 10 illustrated in figs 1A and 1B comprising one or more lifting arms, actuators 16a-16d, a support rail 11 and a crossbar 14 for extending across a fixation frame 2 opening is of a type that is commonly known and used at a roof window 1 when the roof window is designed to be a smoke and heat vent RWA. The second fixation arrangement of such an actuator system 10 is however normally attached by mechanical fastening means to the movable frame/sash of a movable unit of the roof window, such as by means of screws, as opposed to the solution according to embodiments of the present disclosure where second fixation means 31 fixates the second fixation arrangement 30 at the glass unit 4 by means of an adhesive connection AC. The support rail 11 has hence been designed with brackets 34a, 34b that are adapted to comprise a fixation surface 32a, 32b facing a major exterior surface 4SU of the glass unit 4, for use to provide the adhesive connection by means of the fixation means 31.
In the illustrated example of fig. 1A an 1b, the movable unit 4 comprises a weather shield 18 that covers the glass unit 4. The weather shield 4 is a unit that is separate to the glass unit 4. The weather shield 18 may e.g. be a plane unit as illustrated, such as a plane glass unit, e.g. a plane tempered glass unit. In other embodiments, the weather shield may be a dome shaped unit (not illustrated). A dome shaped unit may e.g. be relevant in order to reduce the amount of snow that may lie on top of the weather shield 18, as the dome shape induces the snow to slide off the weather shield. Dome shaped weather shield may e.g. be relevant if the roof window is to be installed at a flat roof r a roof with relatively low roof pitch such as a roof pitch below 16°. The weather shield 18 (and the glass unit) is preferably transparent to at least light in the visible light spectrum, such as wavelengths from about 380 to about 750 nanometres.
An air gap 19 is provided between the glass unit 4 and the weather shield 18. The weather shield and the glass unit units 4 considered separate units that are attached to the movable frame 3 at different locations. This provides the air space 19. The minimum distance between the surface 4SU_1 and the major surface of the weather shield 18 facing the glass unit 4 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be at least two times such as at least three times or at least four times the thickness of the glass unit 4, where the thickness of the glass unit 4 is defined between the exterior glass unit 4 surfaces 4SU and 4SU_1.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, forces F1, F2 due to gravity, wind loads such as wind pressure and/or wind suction and/or the like that acts on the movable unit 40 is transferred to the crossbar 14 of the actuator system 10 through the actuators and/or lifting arm(s) and therefrom to the fixation frame.
Some of the forces F1 transferred may be pulling forces pulling in a direction away from the fixation arrangement 30. Here, the adhesive connections AC transfers these forces to the fixation arrangement 30 and these forces F1 are thereby transferred to the actuator system 10.
Other forces transferred may be pushing forces F2 pushing the movable unit 40 towards the fixation arrangement 30 due to wind, gravity, snow or rain lying on the movable unit 40 and/or the like.
The pushing and pulling forces F1 F2 may be exterior forces acting on the movable frame 4 and transferred to the actuator system 10. The actuator may also provide pushing and/or pulling by means of the adhesive connection.
It is understood that the adhesive connection AC in embodiments of the present disclosure may be the only connection that enables transferring the above mentioned exterior pulling forces F1 from the movable unit to the actuator system 10. Additionally or alternatively, the adhesive connection AC in embodiments of the present disclosure may be the only connection that enables transferring pulling forces from the actuator system to the movable unit 40, e.g. when closing the movable unit.
In case of fire, the adhesive may over time loose its structural integrity as the temperature raises. However, the actuator system 10 will still be able to move the movable unit 40 towards the opening position OPOS as the actuator system 10 will mechanically push on the movable unit 40 by means of the fixation arrangement 30. Moreover, the actuator system 10 will be able to maintain the movable unit 40 in the open position OPOS even though the adhesive connection AC being reduced or disappearing due to heat, This is provided since the rail 11 and/or other parts of the actuator system 10 will mechanically force the movable unit 40 to be maintained in the open position OPOS and e.g. prevent wind or the like from forcing the movable unit 40 to the closed position.
During normal operation of the window (when no fires is occurring) the adhesive connection AC provides a structural connection that maintain the actuator 10 fixated at the glass unit and be able to transfer pulling forces F1 to the actuator system 10.
Fig. 2 illustrates schematically a cross sectional view of a movable unit 40 of a roof window according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In fig. 2, a support rail 11 of an actuator system (the actuator system is not fully illustrated in fig. 2, see e.g. ref. 109 of figs. 1A-1B and/or figs. described further below) is attached/fixated at a glass unit 4 of a movable unit 4 by means of an adhesive connection AC.
The actuator system comprises a support rail 11. The support rail 11 comprises second fixation arrangement 30 of the actuator system. The rail may e.g. as illustrated comprise a first fixation surface 32a and a second fixation surface 32b (see also figs. 1A and 1B), wherein said fixation surfaces 32a, 32b are discrete and wherein the adhesive connection is provided by means of adhesive 31 such as structural adhesive which adheres to said fixation surfaces 32a, 32b. The fixation surfaces 32a, 32b may be provided by spaced apart/discrete fixation brackets 34a, 34b that are displaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the support rail 11. In fig. 2, the support rail 11 comprises the support brackets 34a, 34b.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the support rail 11 may span over at least 40%, such as at least 75%, of the length L1 of the glass unit 4.
The support rail 11 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be telescopic to enable adaption of the distance between the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b, in the longitudinal direction of the rail 11, to the movable unit 40 size. Hence, the support rail 11 may comprise a first and second part that are elongated and interconnected and configured to displace, such as slide, relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the rail 11 to be able to adapt the distance between the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b in the longitudinal direction of the rail 11.
The second fixation arrangement 30 may as previously disclosed be attached to the movable unit by means of adhesive connections AC placed between the glass unit 4 and the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b. These adhesive connections AC may in embodiments of the present disclosure be provided by means of discrete adhesive areas provided by a structural adhesive 31, and these adhesive areas may be arranged with a distance DIS1 of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length L1 of the glass unit 4.
It is generally understood that in embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connections AC may be discrete as e.g. described above, but in other embodiments of the present disclosure (not illustrated) the adhesive connection may be provided by means of one or more elongated adhesive strips of structural adhesive 31 that may have a length of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length L1 of the glass unit 4.
As can also be seen from fig. 2, the glass unit 4 may be an insulated glass unit 4 as also described in relation to figs. 1A and 1B. One or more edge seals 4ES are provided to seal the gaps 7 at the glass unit 4 periphery. Such edge seals 4ES may also structurally connect the glass sheets 4a-4c by means of adhesive, clamping and/or the like. The edge seal 4ES may provide that the glass sheets 4a-4c are spaced apart to obtain the respective gap 7.
The movable frame 3 comprises elongated frame profiles 3a which supports the glass unit 4 and together provides a frame opening. The elongated frame profiles 3a comprises a profile part 9 that overlaps the exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit 4. The first exterior major surface 4SU is comprised in a plane P1. The elongated frame profiles 3a extends with a maximum height H2 from the plane P1. The height is defined from the side P1s1 of the plane P1 that faces away from the overlapped exterior major surface 4SU. The height H2 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be less than 10 cm. such as less than 5 cm, such as less than 3 cm.
Also, the elongated frame profiles 3a may have a limited width, such as less than 8 cm, such as less than 5 cm, for example less than 3 cm.
Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a glass unit 4 of the movable unit 40 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The glass unit 4 is seen towards the major surface 4SU_1 of the glass unit 4. The movable frame 3 has been omitted to improve figure simplicity.
It is understood that the movable frame 3 and/or fixation frame may overlap a part of the exterior major surface 4SU of the insulated glass unit (see e.g. figs 1A-2 and/or figures described below).
The adhesive connections AC and the second fixation arrangement 30 are seen through the glass unit 4 and are hence dashed. As can be seen (see also fig. 2), the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b of the fixation arrangement(s) 30 are discrete and the adhesives 31 at the respective fixation surfaces 32a, 32b are discretely placed with the distance DIS1 in the length L1 direction as also illustrated in fig. 2.
An overall adhesive area of the structural adhesive 31 at each surface 32a, 32b provides an adhesive connection AC.
As illustrated, a plurality of strips of adhesive 31 may be provided in embodiments of the present disclosure, at each surface 32a, 32b. This may e.g. help to reduce curing time of the adhesive 31 when attaching the actuator system 10 at the glass unit. In figure 3, three strips of adhesive stripes/strips 31 are provided at each surface 32a. It is understood that in further embodiments, fewer or more discrete adhesive areas A1-A6 may be provided. In some embodiments, only one adhesive area may be provided at each fixation surface 32a 32b.
The discrete adhesive areas A1-An provides an overall/total adhesive area ∑A. The total adhesive area may be described by $\sum_{i = 1}^{n} A_{n}$
. Hence, in the example of fig. 3, the total adhesive area ∑A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may comprise a total adhesive area ∑A at the glass unit 4 of at least 30 cm ², such as at least 90 cm ².
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may comprise a total adhesive area ∑A at the glass unit (4) of at least 120 cm², such as at least 145 cm² or at least 180 cm².
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may provide a total adhesive area of between 30 cm² and 400 cm², such as between 90 cm² and 400 cm², for example between 120 cm² and 300cm², such as between 145 cm² and 180 cm².
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may provide a total adhesive area of less than 400 cm², such as less than 300 cm², such as less than 180 cm².
For example, each of the adhesive areas A1-A6 may have a width of between 0.4 cm and 8 cm, such as between 1 cm and 8 cm, such as between 2 cm and 7 cm, for example between 2.5 cm and 4 cm.
For example, each of the adhesive areas A1-A6 may have a width of between 0.4 cm and 4 cm, such as between 0.0.4 cm and 3 cm, such as between 0.4 cm and 1 cm.
For example, each of the adhesive areas A1-A6 may have a length of between 5 cm and 20 cm, such as between 10 cm and 18 cm, for example between 14 cm and 16 cm.
In some embodiments oof the present disclosure, each of the adhesive areas A1-A6 may have a length of at least 5 cm, such as at least 10 cm, for example at least 14 cm.
In some embodiments oof the present disclosure, each of the adhesive areas A1-A6 may have a length of more than 14 cm, such as at least 20 cm. See e.g. fig. 8.
The total surface area of each of the fixation surfaces 32a, 32b may in embodiments of the present disclosure be at least 5% such as at least 10% larger than the total adhesive area A1, A2, A3 or A4, A5, A6 provided at the respective surface 32a, 32b.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC may be provided by means of a plurality adhesive strips 31, such as parallel strips, as illustrated. In other embodiments, the adhesive connection AC may be provided by means of a plurality adhesive dots together providing the above-mentioned total adhesive area. A combination of dots and stripes may also be provided in some embodiments.
The glass unit 4 has the length L1 that is defined between parallel outer end edges E1, E2 of the glass unit 4 (may e.g. be top and bottom edges).
The second fixation means 31 may as illustrated be arranged displaced away from a centre line 4CL of the glass unit 4. The centre line 4CL (indicated by das/dotted line in fig. 3) is envisaged, is placed/arranged between the edges E1, E2 at 50% of the length L1 of the glass unit 4, and extends parallel to the glass unit edges E1, E2.
The centre line 4CL may in embodiments of the present disclosure be substantially parallel with a rotation axis of the movable unit (see e.g. reference RAX of fig. 8).
The second fixation means 31 may be arranged at a distance DIS2 (may be a minimum distance) from one of said edges E1, E2 that is less than 30%, such as less than 20% such as less than 10% or less than 5% of the length L1 of the glass unit 4.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second fixation means 32 may be arranged with a distance DIS2 that is less than 30 cm, such as less than 20 cm such as less than 10 cm from the nearest of said glass unit edge E1, E2. The second fixation means may in some embodiments of the present disclosure be arranged with a distance that is less than 9 cm, such as less than 5 cm such as less than 3 cm from the nearest of said glass unit edges E1, E2.
Figs. 4A-4B illustrates schematically a cross sectional view of a roof window 1 comprising an actuator system 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the roof window 1 may be a smoke and heat vent and the actuator system 10 may be designed to comply with the requirements of such a smoke and heat vent.
It is generally understood that in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the roof window 1 may not be designed to comply with the requirements of a smoke and heat vent, but may merely be designed to act as a conventional roof window 1 with an actuator 10 such as an electric actuator, and may not be approved to provide a smoke and heat vent.
The actuator system comprises a housing 70. The housing 70 encloses parts of the actuating system and may moreover enclose e.g. a battery, a gear and/or the like. In some embodiment, the actuator system may be or comprise a chain actuator comprising a push-pull chain 16a. The push-pull chain is driven by a motor through a gearing and may be powered from a battery placed e.g. inside the housing 70, e.g. a rechargeable battery.
The housing 70 may in embodiments of the present disclosure e.g. enclose one or more of:

a battery, such as a rechargeable battery,
a gear,
a drive motor for driving an actuator part such as a spindle or a push-pull chain (16a),
an actuator storage such as a chain storage for storing a folded part, such as folded, interconnected chain links of a push-pull chain actuator, and/or
a hardware controller for controlling the actuator system.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the housing 70 may comprise the first fixation arrangement 20, such as a fixation bracket 20a (not illustrated in fig. 4A-4B).
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the housing 70 may cover the first fixation arrangement such as a fixation bracket 20a. The housing 70 may in some embodiments be attached directly or indirectly to the fixation bracket.
The actuator system 10 may be attached to the fixation frame 2 at a first end of the fixation frame. In some embodiments, the actuator system is configured to provide a pushing and pulling force at the movable unit 4 only at one side of a centre line 4CL (see fig 3) of the glass unit, where the centre line is placed between parallel edges of the glass unit at 50% of the length of the glass unit defined between parallel edges. See e.g. also fig. 8.
In other embodiments of the present disclosure as seen e.g. in figs. 1a - fig. 2, the actuator system may be configured to provide a pushing and pulling force at the movable unit 4 at both sides of a centre line 4CL (see fig 3) of the glass unit, where the centre line is placed between parallel edges of the glass unit at 50% of the length of the glass unit defined between parallel edges.
The first fixation means 21 comprises mechanical fastening means 21 as previously disclosed, and these fixates the first fixation arrangement 20 and hence the housing 70 to the fixation frame 2. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the first fixation means 21 may comprise or consist of a structural adhesive as e.g. previously described.
The actuator system 10 may be attached to the fixation frame 2 by means of the first fixation arrangement 20 during window 1 manufacturing, or may be retrofitted to the window after window 1 installation.
The movable unit 40 may comprise a skirt 80. The skirt 80 overlaps the exterior of the fixation frame 3 for water protection. The skirt 80 is in fig. 4 integrated in the profile 3a of the movable frame 3. In other embodiments, the skirt 80 may be separate to the profile 3a, such as e.g. attached to the exterior side of the glass unit 4 or another part of the glass unit 4. The skirt 80 may e.g. be provided by a plate such as a bent plate, such as a bent metal plate.
As can be seen, the roof window 1 of figs. 4A-4B may not comprise the weather shield as previously described.
The second fixation arrangement 30 comprises fixation brackets 34a, with the surface 32a. The second fixation means 31 fixates the second fixation arrangement 30 at the glass unit 4 by means of an adhesive connection AC as e.g. previously described.
The adhesive connection AC attaches the fixation brackets 34a at the glass unit 4. The fixation bracket is connected to the remaining part of the actuator system 10 through the actuator 16a such as a chain actuator. Hereby, pulling and pushing forces F1, F2 are transferred to the fixation frame through the adhesive connection AC and the actuator 16a. The pushing and pulling forces F1, F2 mentioned above may be exterior forces acting on the movable frame 4 and transferred to the actuator system 10.
In fig. 4B, the movable unit 40 is pushed towards an open position by means of the actuator system 10. The actuator system 10 hence pushes onto the glass unit 4, and this force is transferred to the movable frame 3, thereby forcing the movable unit 40 to move relative to the fixation frame 2.
As can be seen in fig. 4A and 4B, the elongated frame profile 3a may comprise a profile part 9 that overlaps the exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit 4. An overlapping part 12 of the fixation frame 22 may extend over and cover a part of this overlapping part 9 of the movable frame (when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position).
Fig. 5 illustrates schematically an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the actuator system 10 is hidden between the movable unit 40 and the fixation frame 2. Hence, at least when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position, the actuator system 10 is substantially invisible. In fig. 5, the outermost glass sheet 4b overlaps the entire width of the fixation frame. In other embodiments the outermost glass sheet 4b may cover the majority of the fixation frame. As can be seen from fig. 5, the fixation arrangement 30 may be attached at the outer glass sheet 4b by an adhesive connection AC. The outer glass sheet 4b is larger than the glass sheet 4a in fig. 5, and hence provides a part of a major surface 4b1 which the second fixation arrangement 30 can be connected to, and so that a part of the actuator system can be placed next to the edge seal 4ES.
The actuator system 10 may comprise a housing 70, see e.g. description thereof relating to figs 4aA-4B. This housing 70 may in embodiments be hidden between the movable unit 40 and the fixation frame 2.
In other embodiments, e.g. also a part of the space 7 and hence the glass sheet 4a, and possibly also the lamination glass 4L if present, may overlap the entire profile 22a width. In that case, the fixation arrangement 30 may be attached at the glass sheet 4L or 4a by an adhesive connection AC.
As illustrated in some of the figures described above (see e.g. fig. 1B), the adhesive connection AC may be provided directly at a major surface, such as an exterior major surface 4SU, of the glass unit. Fig. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the glass unit 4 comprises a connection layer 26 such as an enamel layer or an ink layer. Here, the adhesive connection AC is provided to/at a surface 26a of the connection layer 26 of the glass unit 4. This may help to partly or fully hide a part of or the entire actuator system 10, frame 2 and the adhesive 31 when viewing towards the glass uni4 surface 4SU_1.
The connection layer 26 is placed between the adhesive material 31 and the glass unit surface 4b1. In embodiments, the connection layer 26 may extend into the insulating space 7, as e.g. illustrated in fig. 5. In other embodiments, the connection layer 26 may be terminated before the edge seal
The connection layer 26 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be partly or fully opaque, for example opaque with regards to e.g. light in the visible spectrum. It is understood that in other embodiments, the connection layer 26 may be omitted and the adhesive connection may be provided directly at major glass sheet surface 4b1. The glass sheet surface may or may not comprise e.g. glass coatings such as low-E. The surface 4b1 faces the gap 7 and the interior of the building (when the movable unit is in a closed position).
Fig. 6 illustrates schematically an embodiment of the present disclosure, where a connection layer 26 is provided as e.g. described above. In this embodiment, the connection layer 26 is placed between the exterior major surface 4SU and the adhesive 31 providing the adhesive connection AC.
The connection layer 26 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be arranged at a part of the see-through area of the glass unit 4 that a human user would be able to see through when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position, if the connection layer 26 was removed. This area would be uncovered by the frame(s) 2, 3.
Hence, the connection layer 26 is placed on a part of the glass unit that is/will be uncovered by the movable frame 3 and also be uncovered by the fixation frame 2 when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position.
The fixation surface 32a of the bracket 34a may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a surface area of a size that is less than the size of the surface area 26a of the connection layer 26. In other embodiments, the fixation surface 32a of the bracket 34a may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a surface area of a size that is larger than the size of the surface area 26a of the connection layer 26.
The fixation surface 32a of the bracket 34a may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a surface area of a size that is substantially corresponding to the size of the surface area 26a of the connection layer 26.
The fixation surface 32a of the bracket 34 may have a surface area of a size that is within 15 %, such as within ±7%, such as within ±3% of the size of the surface 26a area of the connection layer 26.
It is generally understood that an adhesive 31 may not be provided at the entire surface area of the fixation surface 32a, as e.g. discrete strips or dots of adhesive 31 will leave some space on the fixation surface 32a unbonded/unattached to an adhesive 31.
The connection layer 26 may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a thickness of at least 0.5 mm such as at least 1 mm. In embodiments, the connection layer 26 may have a thickness of between 0.3 mm and 6 mm such as between 0.8 mm and 5 mm. In embodiments, the connection layer may have a thickness below 1 mm. The connection layer 26 thickness extends between the glass unit surface and the adhesive 31.
Fig. 7 illustrates a cross sectional view of a roof window 1 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The cross section may e.g. be a cross section of a part of a roof window of a type as illustrated in fig. 1B.
In fig. 7, the fixation frame 22 of the window 1 comprises an overlapping fixation frame part 12. This part is a stationary part of the fixation frame that is arranged to overlap the first exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit 4 for facing the interior 50 of a building when the roof window is installed in a building roof structure. This is provided at least when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position.
As can be seen, the elongated frame profile 3a of the movable frame may in some embodiments comprise a profile part 9 that overlaps the exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit 4. The overlapping part 12 of the fixation frame 22 may extend over and cover this overlapping part 9 of the movable frame (when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position). Thereby the fixation frame 22 may cover, such as hide, the movable frame 3 when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position. The overlapping part 12 of the window frame 22 profile 22a in the embodiment of fig. 7 (see also fig. 1B) fully overlaps and extends beyond the width of the profile 3a part 9 of the movable frame to a position opposite the glass unit surface 4SU.
The overlapping fixation frame part 12 of the fixation frame profile 22a comprises a surface 12a that faces and abuts the fixation frame opening FFO. It is understood that side profiles, top profile and/or bottom profile of the fixation frame 2, may comprise an overlapping part 12 as illustrated in fig. 7 comprising the surface 12a facing the frame opening FFO and where the part 12 overlaps the glass unit 4 and hides a frame part 9 of the movable frame 3 that overlaps the major glass unit surface 4SU.
Surfaces 12a of overlapping parts 12 of profiles 22a, 22b (22b is illustrated in fig. 1B, see also fig. 7) of the fixation frame 22 may as illustrated, in embodiments of the present disclosure hence provide the maximum frame aperture size through which light can pass through the glass unit 4 and into the building 50 when the movable unit 4 is in closed position as e.g. illustrated in fig. 7.
The window fame profile 22a, 22b may comprise one or more polymer walls and/or metal walls and/or wood material, such as a plywood material. In some embodiments, the fixation frame profiles 22a, 22b may comprise an outer polymer wall or coating and an internal structural wood material core such as a plywood core. The first fixation means 21 may penetrate or in other ways be e.g. mechanically fastened to one or more of these materials of the profile 22a, 22b. For example, in certain embodiments, screws, nails and/or the like 21 may penetrate an outer polymer wall or coating of the profile 22a, 22b and further penetrate into a structural wood material core of the profile 22a, 22b.
In fig. 7, the fixation frame 22 supports a gasket 13. In the figure, the gasket 13 is fixated to the overlapping part 12, but it may also in other embodiments be fixated to the glass unit 4 instead. The gasket 13 is resilient and will be compressed when the movable unit 40 is in a closed position, and will expand when the movable unit 40 is moved towards an open position. The gasket 13 is arranged between the overlapping part 12 and the first exterior major surface 4SU of the glass unit. As can be seen, the gasket 13 may be configured to abut the glass unit 4 such as the first exterior major surface 4SU - in fig. 7, a lamination glass 4L comprises the exterior major surface 4SU that the gasket 13 abuts.
Fig. 8 illustrates schematically and in perspective a roof window 1 of the centre-hung type, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In centre-hung type roof windows 1, the hinge arrangement 5 provides an axis of rotation RAX for the movable unit 40 that is placed between the top TO and the bottom BO of the sash/movable unit 40. This provides that the movable unit 40 is configured to be opened by the lower part/bottom part BO of the movable unit 40 moving outwards (see dashed arrow), away from the interior of the building in which the roof window 1 is installed, and the upper part/top part TO of the movable unit 40 moves inwards (see dashed arrow) into the building upon opening of the movable unit 40 from a closed position.
It is understood that the axis of rotation RAX may be arranged around the centre of the lengths of the side profiles 2a of the movable frame. However, in some centre-hung configurations, the axis of rotation RAX may also be displaced towards the top or bottom part of the movable frame in order to e.g. provide a balancing of the weight of the movable frame 2. This is also understood as a centre hung roof window according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Centre-hung windows may also be referred to pivot roof windows.
In roof windows of the centre-hung type, the fixation frame 2 may surround movable unit 40. In roof windows 1 of the centre-hung type, the maximum width of the movable unit 40 may be less than the interior, minimum width of the frame opening of the fixation frame 2 in order to allow top TO and bottom BO parts of the movable frame 2 to move in the frame opening of the fixation frame 2 when moving the movable unit 40 to a closed position.
The fixation frame 2 comprises parallel side profiles 22c, a top profile 22a and a bottom profile 22b placed parallel to the top profile. These profiles 22a-22c are elongated and together they provides a rectangular fixation frame opening FFO.
The movable frame 3 of the movable unit 40 comprises elongated frame profiles comprising two side profiles 3c, a top profile 3a and a bottom profile 3b. The side profiles 3c are placed parallel to each other, and the top 3a and bottom 3b profiles are placed parallel to each other. These profiles 3a-3c are elongated and together they provide a rectangular frame opening in the movable frame 2, and light such as sunlight passes through this frame opening. The glass unit 4 is fixated to the movable frame 3, and covers the rectangular frame opening of the movable frame that is placed between/defined by the profiles 3a-3c of the movable frame.
The roof window 1 also comprises covers 45a, 45b such as side covers. A roof window of the centre hung type 1 may comprise fixed covers 45a that is fixed to the fixation frame 2, preferably at the half of the fixation frame that is proximate the top of the fixation frame. Moreover, the window 1 may comprise movable covers 45b that are fixed to the movable unit 40, such as to the movable frame 3, and moves together with the movable unit 40. These movable covers 45b are often placed at the half of the movable unit that is located proximate the lower part/bottom part BO of the movable frame 2.
The width of the covers 45a, 45b overlaps profiles at the fixation frame 2 and also the movable frame 3of the movable unit (40) in order to improve water tightening. When the movable unit is in a closed position, the fixed covers 45a and the movable covers 45b may be placed in continuation of each other.
The covers 45a, 45b extends along the sides of the roof window 1, between the top and bottom of the roof window 1. The covers 45a, 45b are exterior covers that are subjected to the weather such as rain and snow. The roof window 1 may also comprise a top cover 45c that is fixed to the fixation frame 2 and is arranged at the top of the fixation frame. This top cover 9c also overlaps the top TO of the movable frame when the movable frame 2 is placed in a closed position. In fig. 8, the movable unit 40 is in an open position.
In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the movable frame 2 may be hinged in another way, for example top hung (not illustrated).
The roof window 1 may in further embodiments be a combination (not illustrated) of Centre hung and top hung. The hinge arrangement 5 of the roof window may hence comprise a hinge arrangement with hinge arms (not illustrated) extending along the movable frame side and providing a hinge connection allowing the movable frame to rotate around the rotation axis RAX as illustrated in fig. 9. The hinge arms extends towards the top of the fixation frame, and here a further hinge connection is provided to enable the bottom BO of the movable frame to move outwards around a further rotation axis (not illustrated) placed at the top TO of the movable frame. This further rotation axis may be parallel to the rotation axis RAX.
The actuator system 10 comprises a housing 70. The housing 10 encloses parts of the actuating system. The housing 70 may e.g. enclose a battery, a hardware controller a gear and/or the like. In some embodiment, the actuator 16a may be a chain actuator comprising a push-pull chain 16a. The chain is driven by a motor in the housing 70 through a gearing and may be powered from a battery placed e.g. inside the housing 70, e.g. a rechargeable battery.
The housing 70 is attached to the fixation frame 22 by means of the first fastening means 21 (not illustrated in fig. 8. See e.g. description relating thereto above).
The second fixation means 31 fixates the second fixation arrangement 30 at the glass unit 4 by means of an adhesive connection AC. In fig. 8, the second fixation arrangement 30 comprises a fixation bracket 34a. This comprises a fixation surface 32a facing the glass unit, and the adhesive connection AC is provided by means of an adhesive 31 such as discrete adhesives as illustrated, which is placed between the surface 32a and the glass unit and which adheres to the fixation surface 32a and the glass unit 4. The second fixation arrangement 30 is seen through the glass unit 4 in fig. 8, therefore they are indicated by dashed lines.
It is generally understood that the fixation bracket(s) 34a, 34b described above in relation to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be considered a fixture that is used for structurally fixating the actuator system 10 at the glass unit 4by means of an adhesive connection AC.
The bracket 34a in fig. 8 is illustrated to have a length extending along the entire width of the see- through area of the glass unit 4. It is understood that in other embodiments, the bracket length may be lower. A connection layer (26 - not illustrated in fig. 8, see description above) may be provided in further embodiments of the present disclosure, In that case this may render the adhesive 31 and a part of the bracket 34a partly or completely invisible from the exterior of the roof window when looking towards the major exterior surface 4SU_1 of the glass unit 4 due to partly or full opacity of the connection layer to light in the visible spectrum.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, as e.g. illustrated in figs 4A-4B and fig 8, the actuator system 10 may be placed at and attached to one end (or side) of the fixation frame 2, and the actuator system may provide push and pulling forces to open and close the movable unit 40 by means of the adhesive connection AC at one end area only of the glass unit 4 of the movable unit 40 arranged only at one side of a centre line 4CL (See centre line 4CL of fig. 3) of the glass unit 4. For example at/proximate top TO end or bottom BO (see e.g. fig 8) end of the movable unit 40. Hence, if looking at fig. 3, one of the connection surfaces 32a, 32b (and brackets 34a, 34b) may in some embodiments be omitted, and only one 32a, 32b connection surface (and/or bracket 34a, 34b) at one centre line 4CL side may be provided. Hence, a support rail 11 (in fig. 1A the rail 11) of the actuator system 10 as illustrated in fig. 1A and 1B comprising the second fixation arrangement 30 and overlapping a centre line CL (see fig. 3) of the glass unit 4, where the support rail 11 may e.g. span over at least 40%, such as at least 75%, of the length L1 of the glass unit 4 may be omitted, and one or more brackets comprising a fixation surface (32a) at one side of the centre line CL only of the glass unit 4 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be omitted.
Figs. 9 and 10 illustrates schematically and in cross section embodiments of a movable unit 40 of a roof window according to different embodiments of the present disclosure. Here, a plurality of discrete adhesive connections 31 are provided in order to fixate the glass unit 4 to the fixation surface 32a at discrete adhesive areas A1-A6. See also e.g. fig. 3.
The discrete adhesive connections AC are provided by discretely arranged adhesives 31 strips and/or adhesive dots. See e.g. also fig. 1B and/or fig. 3. The plurality of discrete adhesive connections provides discrete adhesive areas A1-A4 (Fig. 9), A2-A5 (Fig. 10) at the glass unit 4 and the surface 32 by means of a structural adhesive 31, such as a silicone adhesive. See also fig. 3
For example, in some embodiments, each of the adhesive areas A1-A4 (Fig. 9), A2-A5 (Fig. 10) provided by structural adhesive 31 may have a width W1 of less than 15 cm, such as less than 8 cm, such as less than 4 cm.
For example, in some embodiments, each of the adhesive areas A1-A4 (Fig. 9), A2-A5 (Fig. 10) provided by structural adhesive 31 may have a width W1 of more than 0.5 cm, such as more than 2 cm, such as more than 4 cm.
For example, in some embodiments, each of the adhesive areas A1-A4 (Fig. 9), A2-A5 (Fig. 10) provided by structural adhesive 31 may have a width of between 0.4 cm and 8 cm, such as between 2 cm and 7 cm, for example between 2.5 cm and 4 cm.
Fig. 9 moreover illustrates a height/thickness H3 of the structural adhesive 31 according to another or further embodiment of the present disclosure. The thickness/height H3 of the structural adhesive 31 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be of between 1 mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
The thickness/height H3 of the structural adhesive 31 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 7 mm or at least 10 mm.
The thickness/height H3 of the structural adhesive 31 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be less than 30 mm, such as less than 20 mm, such as less than 15 mm.
The thickness/height H3 of the structural adhesive 31 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be between 3 mm and 30 mm, such as between 4 mm and 20 mm, such as between 7 mm and 15 mm.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adhesive connection AC provided by the structural adhesive 31 may comprise a total adhesive area (∑A) at the glass unit 4 of less than 80 cm², such as less than 60 cm², such as less than 40 cm².
Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the adhesive connection AC is provided by means of different adhesive types 31, 33. The adhesives comprises a primary adhesive 31 of a first type and a secondary adhesive 33 of a second type.
The primary adhesive 31 may comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive. This may be an adhesive approved for use as structural adhesive at windows. In some embodiments, the primary adhesive may be provided to last for at least 5 years, such as at least ten years such as at least 20 years. A silicone adhesive may be of such a type. However, such structural adhesives 31 may initially be relatively soft and cure rather slowly. Hence, there may be a risk that the uncured adhesive 31 may not alone maintain the desired distance/height H3 during curing.
The primary adhesive 31 provides the adhesive areas A2-A5 whereas the secondary adhesive 33 provides the adhesive areas A1, A6.
The secondary adhesive 33 comprises a (so to say) temporary adhesive such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures/harden faster than the primary adhesive. For example a so called hot melt adhesive which may cure faster than the structural adhesive 31. It may in some embodiments be so that the secondary adhesive 33 may lose or reduce adhesion to the glass unit 4 and/or the surface 32a over time, e.g. after or prior to installation of the glass unit. This may however be acceptable as the primary, structural 31 adhesive will then be designed/configured to maintain the adhesive integrity to maintain the adhesive connection AC between the glass unit 4 and the actuator system 10.
The secondary adhesive may be more stiff/hard and/or less resilient than the structural adhesive 31 when the primary adhesive 31 is applied and uncured. Thereby, the secondary adhesive 33 may maintain a thickness H3, such as a predefined thickness H3, of the primary adhesive 31 during curing of the primary adhesive 31.
It is generally understood that the space(s) 35, such as channels, between the discrete adhesives 31, 33 such as strips or dots may be in fluid communication with the ambient air of the movable unit 40. This may help to speed up and/or improve curing of the primary adhesive 31. In e.g. figs. 9 and 10 the spaces 35 are enclosed by the glass unit 4, the fixation surface 32a and the edge surfaces of the adhesive 31, 33. In some embodiments, the structural adhesive 31 may be of a type where heat and/or moist in the ambient air help to provide a curing of the adhesive 31.

Items

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are furthermore described in different items below:

1. A roof window (1), wherein the roof window comprises
- a fixation frame (2),
- a movable unit (40), wherein the movable unit (40) comprises a glass unit (4),
  wherein the glass unit (4) comprises one or more glass sheets (4a-4d, 4L), wherein the movable unit (40) is movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by means of a hinge arrangement (5), wherein a first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4) is configured to face the interior (50) of the building when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position,
- an actuator system (10) configured to move the movable unit (40) relative to the fixation frame (2) towards and open position (OPOS), wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a first fixation arrangement (20) and a second fixation arrangement (30),
- wherein first fixation means (21) fixates the first fixation arrangement (20) to the fixation frame (2), and
- wherein second fixation means (31) fixates the second fixation arrangement (30) at the glass unit (4) by means of an adhesive connection (AC).
2. A roof window according to item 1, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a structural adhesive (31), such as a structural adhesive for glass adhesion.
3. A roof window according to item 2, wherein the structural adhesive (31) comprises an adhesive tape and/or a glue, such as a silicone adhesive.
4. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) comprises a total adhesive area (∑A) at the glass unit (4) of at least 30 cm ², such as at least 90 cm ², such as at least 145 cm ² or at least 180 cm ².
5. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the movable unit (40) comprises a movable frame (3), wherein the glass unit (4) is supported by the movable frame (3), wherein the movable unit (40) is movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by the movable frame (3) being movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by means of the hinge arrangement (5).
6. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is arranged at a surface area (SA) of the glass unit (4),
- wherein said surface area (SA) is uncovered by a movable frame (3) of the movable unit (40),
  and/or
- wherein the surface area (SA) of the glass unit (4) is uncovered by the fixation frame (2) when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position.
7. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the glass unit (4) comprises an exterior major surface (4SU), and wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided at said exterior major surface (4SU).
8. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided directly at a major surface (4SU, 4b1), such as an exterior major surface (4SU), of the glass unit (4).
9. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, such as according to item 7, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided at a surface (26a) of a connection layer (26) of the glass unit (4), such as an partly or fully opaque connection layer (26), such as an enamel layer, arranged at major surface (4SU, 4b1) of the glass unit (4).
10. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the actuator system is configured to subject a pushing and/or pulling force to the glass unit (4), and wherein said pushing and/or pulling force is configured to be transferred from the glass unit to the hinge arrangement, such as through a movable frame (3) of the movable unit (40), so as to open or close the movable unit.
11. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the roof window is a smoke and heat (RWA) vent.
12. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the glass unit (4) is an insulated glass unit comprising glass sheets (4a-4c) and one or more gaps (7) with a vacuum or a gas such as argon arranged between major surfaces of said glass sheets (4a-4c).
13. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the glass unit (4) is a laminated glass unit comprising a lamination interlayer (LL) and a lamination glass sheet (4L), wherein the second fixation means (31) fixates the second fixation arrangement (30) directly or indirectly (26) at the lamination glass sheet (4L).
14. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein a support rail (11) of the actuator system (10) comprises the second fixation arrangement (30), wherein the support rail (10) spans over at least 40%, such as at least 75%, of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
15. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the second fixation arrangement (30) comprises adhesive connections (AC) separated (32a, 32b) by a distance (DIS1) of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
16. A roof window according to item 14 or 15, wherein said support rail (11) is telescopic.
17. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the second fixation arrangement (30), comprises a first fixation surface (32a) and a second fixation surface (32b), wherein said fixation surfaces (32a, 32b) are discrete and wherein the adhesive connection is provided by means of adhesive (31) which adheres to said fixation surfaces (32a, 32b).
18. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the actuator system (10) is configured to open the movable unit (40) from a closed position to an open position (OPOS) at an angle (a1) above 90 degrees, such as above 120 degrees relative to the closed position.
19. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first fixation means (21) comprises mechanical fastening means such as one or more screws, brackets, snap connections, nails, clips pop rivets and/or threaded bolts.
20. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the movable frame (3) of the movable unit (40) comprises elongated frame profiles (3a-3c), such as structural profiles, which supports the glass unit (4) and together provides a frame opening,
- wherein the elongated frame profiles (3a) comprises a profile part (9) that overlaps said first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4), wherein the first exterior major surface (4SU) is comprised in a plane (P1),
- wherein said elongated frame profiles (3a) extends with a maximum height (H2) of less than 5 cm, such as less than 2 cm from said plane (P1) at the side (P1s1) of the plane (P1) that faces away from the overlapped exterior major surface (4SU).
21. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the fixation frame (22) comprises an overlapping part (12) that overlaps said first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4).
22. A roof window according to item 21, wherein the overlapping part (12) covers, such as hides a movable frame (3) of the movable unit (4) when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position.
23. A roof window according to item 21 or 22, wherein a gasket (13) is supported by the fixation frame, wherein said gasket (13) is arranged between the overlapping part (12) and the first exterior major surface (4SU).
24. A roof window according to item 23, wherein said gasket (13) abuts the glass unit (4).
25. A roof window according to item 24, wherein said gasket (13) abuts the first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4).
26. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the roof window (1) is a roof window for installation in a flat roof structure.
27. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the movable unit (4) comprises a weather shield (18) covering the glass unit (4), wherein an air gap (19) is provided between the glass unit (4) and the weather shield (18), wherein the weather shield (18) is transparent to at least light in the visible light spectrum.
28. A roof window according to item 27, wherein the weather shield (18) and glass unit (4) are separate units such as separate glass units.
29. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a crossbar (14), wherein a longitudinal direction of said crossbar extends between parallel frame profiles (2a, 2b) of the fixation frame (2) across a frame opening.
30. A roof window according to item 29, wherein said crossbar (14) comprises the first fixation arrangement (20).
31. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the actuator system (10) comprises one or more actuators (16a-16c).
32. A roof window according to item 31, wherein said one or more actuators comprises electrically powered actuators.
33. A roof window according to item 31 or 32, wherein said one or more actuators comprises one or more mechanical springs or gas springs.
34. A roof window according to item 31, 32 or 33, wherein said one or more actuators comprises or is a linear actuators such as a chain actuator, a piston actuator or a spindle actuator.
35.A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein a support rail (11) of the actuator system (10) comprises the second fixation arrangement (30), wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a crossbar (14), wherein said crossbar (14) comprises the first fixation arrangement (20),
wherein the actuator system (10) comprises one or more actuators (16a, 16b, 16c), such as one or more linear actuators, and one or more lifting arms (17) of the actuator system (10) that directly or indirectly connects said support rail (11) and the crossbar (14).
36. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the fixation frame (2) comprises a window frame (22), wherein the hinge arrangement (5) is fixed to the window frame (22),
- wherein the fixation frame (2) moreover comprises an upstand (23),
- wherein the first fixation arrangement (20) is attached to the upstand (23) and/or the window frame (22) by means of the first fixation means (21).
37. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the second fixation means (31) are arranged away from a centre line (4CL) of the glass unit (4), where the centre line (4CL) is envisaged and is placed between parallel edges (E1, E2) of the glass unit (4) at 50% of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4) defined between parallel edges (E1, E2).
38. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the glass unit (4) has a length (L1) defined between parallel outer edges (E1, E2) of the glass unit (4), wherein the second fixation means (31) are arranged at a distance (DIS2) from one of said edges (E1, E2) that is less than 30%, such as less than 20% such as less than 10% of said length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
39. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a housing (70), wherein the housing (70) encloses one or more of
- a battery, such as a rechargeable battery
- a gear
- a drive motor for driving an actuator part such as a spindle or a push-pull chain (16a),
- an actuator storage such as a chain storage for storing a folded part of a chain actuator.
40. A roof window according to item 39, wherein said housing comprises the first fixation arrangement (20), such as a fixation bracket (20a), and/or wherein the housing (70) covers the first fixation arrangement (20) such as a fixation bracket (20a).
41. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein said actuator system is attached to the fixation frame (2) at a first end or side of the fixation frame and wherein the actuator system (10) is configured to provide a pushing and pulling force at the movable unit (40) only at one side of a centre line (4CL) of the glass unit (4), where the centre line (4CL) is envisaged and is placed between parallel edges (E1, E2) of the glass unit (4) at 50% of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4) defined between parallel edges (E1, E2).
42. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein said actuator system (10) comprises a housing (70) which is arranged to be hidden between the movable unit (40) and the fixation frame (2), at least when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position.
43. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of different adhesive types (31, 33) comprising a primary adhesive (31) of a first type and a secondary adhesive (33) of a second type,
- such as wherein the primary adhesive (31) comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive,
  and/or
- wherein the secondary adhesive (33) comprises a temporary adhesive such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures faster than the primary adhesive (31).
44. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips (31) which adhere to a fixation surface (32a, 32b).
45. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive strips (31) provides adhesive areas (A1-A6), wherein said adhesive areas each have a width (W1) of between 0.4 cm and 8 cm, such as between 1 cm and 8 cm, for example between 2.5 cm and 4 cm.
46. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive (31), such as structural adhesive, has a thickness (H3) of between 1 mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
47. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive (31), such as structural adhesive (31), has a thickness (H3) of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 8 mm or at least 10 mm.
48. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive, such as structural adhesive (31), has a thickness (H3) which is less than 30 mm, such as less than 20 mm, such as less than 15 mm.
49. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, wherein the adhesive connection comprises a total adhesive area (Σ A) at the glass unit (4) of less than 80 cm², such as less than 60 cm², such as less than 40 cm².
50. A roof window according to any of the preceding items, such as one or more of items 44-50, wherein one or more space(s) (35), such as channels, between discrete adhesive connections (31, 33) is/are in fluid communication with the ambient air of the movable unit (40).
51. A method of attaching an actuator system (10) to a roof window (1),
- wherein the roof window (1) comprises a fixation frame (2) and a movable unit (40), wherein the movable unit (40) comprises a glass unit (4), wherein the glass unit (4) comprises one or more glass sheets (4a-4d, 4L), wherein the movable unit (40) is movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by means of a hinge arrangement (5), wherein a first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4) is configured to face the interior (50) of a building when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position,
- wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a first fixation arrangement (20) and a second fixation arrangement (30),
wherein the method comprises:
- fixating the first fixation arrangement (20) to the fixation frame (2) by means of first fixation means (21), and
- fixating the second fixation arrangement (30) at the glass unit (4) by means of second fixation means (31) so that the second fixation arrangement (30) is fixated at the glass unit (4) by means of an adhesive connection (AC).
52. A method according to item 51, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips (31) which adhere to a fixation surface (32a, 32b), such as to a surface of a bracket (34a, 34b) of the actuator system (10).
53. A method according to item 51 or 52, wherein the second fixation means (31) comprises a structural adhesive having a thickness (H3) of between 1mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
54. A method according to any of items 51-53, wherein the second fixation means (31) comprises a structural adhesive (31) having a thickness (H3) of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 7 mm or at least 10 mm.
55. A method according to any of items 51-54, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) comprises a total adhesive area at the glass unit (4) of less than 80 cm ², such as less than 60 cm², such as less than 40 cm ².
56. A method according to any of items 51-55. wherein the adhesive connection(AC) is provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive (31) of a first type and a secondary adhesive (33) of a second type,
- wherein the primary adhesive (31) comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive,
- wherein the secondary adhesive (33) maintains a thickness (H3), such as a predefined thickness (H3), of the primary adhesive (31) during curing of the primary adhesive.
57. A method according to any of items 51-56, wherein the secondary adhesive (33) comprises a temporary adhesive, such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures and/or hardens faster than the primary adhesive (31).
58. A method according to any of items 51-57, wherein the adhesive connection(AC) is provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive (31) of a first type and a secondary adhesive (33) of a second type,
- wherein the primary adhesive (31) comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive,
- wherein the secondary adhesive (33) comprises a temporary adhesive, such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue, such as a glue that cures and/or hardens faster than the primary adhesive (31).
59. A method according to any of items 51-58, wherein one or more space(s) (35), such as channels, between discrete adhesive connections (31, 33) is/are in fluid communication with the ambient air of the movable unit (40).
60. A method according to any of items 51-59, wherein the method comprises providing adhesive connections (AC) separated (32a, 32b) by a distance (DIS1) of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
61. A method according to any of items 51-60, wherein the method provides a roof window according to any of items 1-50.

In general, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the particular examples described above but may be adapted in a multitude of varieties within the scope of the present disclosure as specified in e.g. the claims and/or items. Accordingly, for example, one or more of the described and/or illustrated embodiments above may be combined to provide further embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

A roof window (1), wherein the roof window (1) comprises
- a fixation frame (2),

- a movable unit (40), wherein the movable unit (40) comprises a glass unit (4),
wherein the glass unit (4) comprises one or more glass sheets (4a-4d, 4L), wherein the movable unit (40) is movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by means of a hinge arrangement (5), wherein a first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4) is configured to face the interior (50) of the building when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position,

- an actuator system (10) configured to move the movable unit (40) relative to the fixation frame (2) towards and open position (OPOS), wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a first fixation arrangement (20) and a second fixation arrangement (30),

wherein first fixation means (21) fixates the first fixation arrangement (20) to the fixation frame (2), and

wherein second fixation means (31) fixates the second fixation arrangement (30) at the glass unit (4) by means of an adhesive connection (AC).
A roof window according to claim 1, wherein the second fixation arrangement (30) comprises adhesive connections (AC) separated (32a, 32b) by a distance (DIS1) of at least 30%, such as at least 60% or at least 70%, of the length (L1) of the glass unit (4).
A roof window according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a structural adhesive (31), such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue, such as a silicone adhesive.
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips (31) of a structural adhesive which adhere to a fixation surface (32a, 32b).
A roof window according to any of claims claim 4, wherein the adhesive strips (31) and/or adhesive dots provides respective adhesive areas (A1-A6), wherein said adhesive areas each have a width (W1) of between 0.4 cm and 8 cm, such as between 1 cm and 8 cm, for example between 2.5 cm and 4 cm.
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (31) providing the adhesive connection (AC) comprises a structural adhesive (31) having a thickness (H3) of between 1 mm and 8 mm, such as between 2 mm and 6 mm, for example between 3 mm and 5 mm.
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (31) providing the adhesive connection (AC) comprises a structural adhesive (31) having a thickness (H3) of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 7 mm or at least 10 mm.
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of different adhesive types (31, 33) comprising a primary adhesive (31) of a first type and a secondary adhesive (33) of a second type,
wherein the primary adhesive (31) comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive, and/or

wherein the secondary adhesive (33) comprises a temporary adhesive such as an adhesive tape and/or a glue that cures faster than the primary adhesive (31).
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) comprises a total adhesive area (Σ A) at the glass unit (4) of less than 80 cm², such as less than 60 cm², such as less than 40 cm².
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided directly at a major surface (4SU, 4b1), such as an exterior major surface (4SU), of the glass unit (4),
and/or
wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided at a surface (26a) of a connection layer (26) of the glass unit (4), such as an partly or fully opaque connection layer (26), such as an enamel layer, arranged at major surface (4SU, 4b1) of the glass unit (4).
A roof window according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the roof window (1) is configured to be a smoke and heat (RWA) vent,
and/or
wherein the actuator system (10) is configured to open the movable unit (40) from a closed position to an open position (OPOS) at an angle (a1) above 90 degrees, such as above 120 degrees relative to the closed position.
A method of attaching an actuator system (10) to a roof window (1),
wherein the roof window (1) comprises a fixation frame (2) and a movable unit (40), wherein the movable unit (40) comprises a glass unit (4), wherein the glass unit (4) comprises one or more glass sheets (4a-4d, 4L), wherein the movable unit (40) is movably attached to the fixation frame (2) by means of a hinge arrangement (5), wherein a first exterior major surface (4SU) of the glass unit (4) is configured to face the interior (50) of a building when the movable unit (40) is in a closed position,

wherein the actuator system (10) comprises a first fixation arrangement (20) and a second fixation arrangement (30), wherein the method comprises:
fixating the first fixation arrangement (20) to the fixation frame (2) by means of first fixation means (21), and

fixating the second fixation arrangement (30) at the glass unit (4) by means of second fixation means (31) so that the second fixation arrangement (30) is fixated at the glass unit (4) by means of an adhesive connection (AC).
A method according to claim 12, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) is provided by means of a plurality of adhesive dots and/or adhesive strips (31) which adhere to a fixation surface (32a, 32b), such as to a surface of a bracket (34a, 34b) of the actuator system (10).
A method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the second fixation means (31) comprises a structural adhesive (31) having a thickness (H3) of at least 3 mm such as at least 4 mm, such as at least 7 mm or at least 10 mm.
A method according to any of claims 12-15, wherein the adhesive connection (AC) comprises provided by means of different adhesive types comprising a primary adhesive (31) of a first type and a secondary adhesive (33) of a second type,
wherein the primary adhesive (31) comprises a structural adhesive such as a silicone adhesive,

wherein the secondary adhesive (33) maintains a thickness (H3), such as a predefined thickness (H3), of the primary adhesive (31) during curing of the primary adhesive.
A method according to any of claims 1-15, wherein the method provides a roof window according to any of claims 1-11