EP4364283A1 - Système de conversion de tension et véhicule automobile comportant un tel système - Google Patents
Système de conversion de tension et véhicule automobile comportant un tel systèmeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4364283A1 EP4364283A1 EP22743773.8A EP22743773A EP4364283A1 EP 4364283 A1 EP4364283 A1 EP 4364283A1 EP 22743773 A EP22743773 A EP 22743773A EP 4364283 A1 EP4364283 A1 EP 4364283A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- terminals
- output terminals
- mode
- main output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/527—Voltage
Definitions
- TITLE VOLTAGE CONVERSION SYSTEM AND MOTOR VEHICLE
- the present invention relates to a voltage conversion system and a motor vehicle comprising such a system.
- the system further comprises, upstream, a differential alternating-direct voltage converter designed to convert an alternating voltage from an electrical network into a direct voltage on the input terminals.
- the DC-DC voltage converter described in this article has two parallel conversion lines, each with a galvanic isolation transformer.
- the electrical power is transferred through the AC-DC voltage converter, then through the DC-DC voltage converter from the input terminals to the main output terminals.
- this article does not describe how to transfer electrical power in the opposite direction, from the main output terminals to the input terminals. [0006] It may thus be desirable to provide an isolated voltage conversion system which makes it possible to overcome at least some of the aforementioned problems and constraints.
- a voltage conversion system comprising: input terminals and main output terminals; and a first DC-DC converter connected between the input terminals and the main output terminals and comprising a first galvanic isolation transformer; characterized in that it further comprises: a second DC-DC converter connected between the input terminals and the output terminals and comprising a second galvanic isolation transformer; and a control device designed, in a first operating mode, called direct mode, to activate the first converter and deactivate the second converter so that the system transfers electrical power from the input terminals to the main output terminals and, in a second operating mode, called reverse mode, to activate the second converter and deactivate the first converter so that the system transfers electrical power from the main output terminals to the input terminals; and in that the second transformer has a reverse turns ratio greater than a reverse turns ratio of the first transformer.
- the transformation ratio of the first transformer is preferably kept relatively small so as not to generate significant losses.
- this transfer of power in the opposite direction is carried out through the second converter, which does not increase no losses when the system is used in the forward direction, through the first converter.
- one of the input terminals is connected to a first electrical ground and one of the output terminals is connected to a second electrical ground.
- the first electrical ground is different from the second electrical ground, for example the first electrical ground is connected to the second electrical ground by a high resistance.
- the second DC-DC converter comprises two switching arms connected between the main output terminals.
- the second DC-DC converter comprises a switching arm connected between the input terminals.
- the second DC-DC converter comprises a capacitive voltage divider connected between the input terminals.
- the primary of the second transformer is connected between the midpoints of the capacitive voltage divider and of the switching arm connected between the input terminals.
- the secondary of the second transformer is connected between the midpoints of the two switching arms connected between the main output terminals.
- the system further comprises network terminals intended to be connected to an AC network; and a third reversible AC-DC converter connected between the network terminals and the input terminals; and the control device is designed, in a first mode of operation, called direct mode, to control the third converter into a rectifier to transfer electrical power from the network terminals to the input terminals and, in a second mode of operation , called reverse mode, in an inverter to transfer electrical power from the input terminals to the network terminals.
- a first mode of operation called direct mode
- reverse mode in an inverter to transfer electrical power from the input terminals to the network terminals.
- the third converter comprises at least one electrical energy storage capacity.
- the third converter comprises two switching arms and the control device is designed, in the direct mode, to control the two switching arms according to two respective duty cycles, by regulating a DC voltage between the terminals main output from one of a sum and a difference of the duty cycles and by controlling the energy storage of the storage capacitor(s) from the other of the sum and the difference of the duty cycles.
- the two switching arms of the third converter are connected between the input terminals.
- the at least one storage capacitor comprises two storage capacitors connected between one of the input terminals and the network terminals respectively
- the third converter comprises two inductors each connected between a midpoint of a respective one of the switching arms and a respective one of the network terminals.
- the at least one storage capacitor comprises two storage capacitors connected between the first electrical ground and respectively the network terminals
- the third converter comprises two inductors each connected between a midpoint of a respective arm switch and a respective one of the network terminals.
- control device is designed, in direct mode, to regulate the electrical power supplied by the main output terminals by controlling the energy storage of the storage capacity or capacities.
- the system comprises, connected between the main output terminals, either a switching arm or a capacitive voltage divider, common to the first and second converters.
- system further comprises: auxiliary output terminals; a fourth DC-DC converter connected between the main output terminals and the auxiliary output terminals; and a switching arm connected between the main output terminals and common to the second and fourth converters.
- one of the auxiliary terminals is connected to a second electrical ground.
- the system further comprises at least one switching arm connected between the main output terminals and common to the first and fourth converters.
- control device is designed, in a third operating mode, called transfer mode between outputs, to deactivate the first and second converters and to control the switching arm(s) common to the first and fourth converter and the switching arm common to the second and fourth converters in order to be used by the fourth converter.
- control device is designed in a transfer mode between outputs to deactivate the third reversible AC-DC converter.
- control device is designed, in a fourth mode of operation, called direct combined mode and transfer between outputs, to control the switching arm(s) common to the first and fourth converters in order to be used by the first converter, to deactivate the second converter and to control the switching arm common to the second and fourth converters in order to be used by the fourth converter.
- a fourth mode of operation called direct combined mode and transfer between outputs
- control device is designed, in a fifth mode of operation, called reverse combined mode and transfer between outputs, to control the switching arm common to the second and fourth converters in order to be used by the second converter, to deactivate the first converter and to control at least one of the switching arm(s) common to the first and fourth converters in order to be used by the fourth converter.
- a fifth mode of operation called reverse combined mode and transfer between outputs
- a mobility device comprising: an electric motor; an electric motor supply battery; and a voltage conversion system according to the invention, in which the supply battery of the electric motor is connected between the main output terminals.
- a mobility device is for example a land motor vehicle, an aircraft or a drone.
- a motorized land vehicle is, for example, a motor vehicle, a motorcycle, a motorized bicycle or a motorized wheelchair.
- the system further comprises, connected between the auxiliary output terminals, a passive load and/or another battery having for example a lower voltage than the battery supplying the electric motor.
- Figure 1 is a functional representation of an electrical installation comprising an isolated voltage conversion system according to the invention
- Figure 2 is an electrical diagram of an embodiment of the isolated voltage conversion system of Figure 1, and
- Figure 3 is an example of a regulation diagram implemented in a control device of the isolated voltage conversion system of Figure 2.
- the electrical installation 100 firstly comprises an alternating electrical network 102 having a phase and a neutral between which the alternating electrical network 102 supplies a network voltage Vg.
- This network voltage Vg is an alternating voltage having a high nominal effective voltage, that is to say for example greater than 60 V.
- the alternating electrical network 102 is for example the European electrical network whose nominal effective voltage is 230 V and whose frequency is 50 Flz.
- the electrical installation 100 further comprises at least one load.
- there are two batteries 104, 106 for example of low voltage, that is to say for example of voltage lower than 60 V.
- the voltage of the first battery 104 is for example higher to that of the second battery 106.
- the first battery 104 is a 48 V battery
- the second battery 106 is a 12 V battery.
- the electrical installation 100 further comprises a voltage conversion system 108 connected to the AC network 102 and to the load or loads 104, 106 in order to allow exchanges of electric power between these elements, as will be explained by the following.
- the system 108 and the batteries 104, 106 are integrated into a motor vehicle designed to connect to the AC network 102, external to the motor vehicle.
- the battery 104 serves for example to electrically supply an electric motor (not shown) for driving driving wheels (not shown) of the motor vehicle
- the battery 106 serves for example to electrically supply electrical accessories (not shown) of the motor vehicle.
- the system 108 firstly comprises network terminals P, N intended to be connected to the alternating network 102 and more precisely, in the example described, respectively to the phase and to the neutral of this alternating network 102, to receive the network voltage Vg.
- the network terminals P, N could be connected between two phases of the AC network 102.
- the system 108 further comprises intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 intended to present between them a DC voltage Vc.
- Terminal G1 is an electrical ground terminal.
- the system 108 further comprises main output terminals V48+, G2 intended to be connected to the battery 104 and to present between them a DC voltage V48 equal to 48 V in the example described.
- Terminal G2 is an electrical ground terminal, which may be different from electrical ground G1.
- electrical ground G2 may be different from electrical ground G1 and connected to electrical ground G1 by a strong resistance. In the following description of this embodiment, it will be assumed that the electrical ground G1 is different from the electrical ground G2.
- the system 108 further comprises auxiliary output terminals V12+, G2 intended to be connected to the battery 106 and to present between them a DC voltage V12 equal to 12 V in the example described.
- the system 108 further includes a reversible AC-DC voltage converter 110, hereinafter simply referred to as a network converter. It is connected between the network terminals P, N and the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 and designed to carry out a voltage conversion between the voltage Vg and the voltage Vc.
- the network converter 110 is designed to operate selectively as a rectifier to convert the voltage Vg into the voltage Vc and as an inverter to convert the voltage Vc into the voltage Vg.
- a rectifier is a converter of an AC voltage source into a DC voltage source and an inverter is a device performing the inverse function of the inverter.
- the system 108 further comprises an isolated DC-DC voltage converter 112, hereinafter simply referred to as direct DC converter. It is connected between the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 and the main output terminals V48+, G2 and designed to convert the voltage Vc into the voltage V48.
- DC-DC voltage converter 112 hereinafter simply referred to as direct DC converter. It is connected between the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 and the main output terminals V48+, G2 and designed to convert the voltage Vc into the voltage V48.
- the direct DC converter 112 comprises two isolated voltage conversion lines, in parallel with each other. Each of these lines comprises, in cascade from the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 to the main output terminals V48+, G2: an inverter 01, 02, a galvanic isolation transformer T1, T2 and a rectifier R1, R2.
- Each of the transformers T1, T2 has a transformation ratio M in the opposite direction.
- M the transformation ratio M in the opposite direction.
- its secondary T 1 S, T2S has M times more windings than its primary T 1 P, T2P.
- the system 108 is designed to transfer electrical power from the network terminals P, N (that is to say the electrical network 102 in the example described) to the main output terminals V48+, G2 (that is to say the battery 104 in the example described) through the mains converter 110 in rectifier mode and the direct DC converter 112.
- the motor vehicle connected to the electrical network 102 can store electrical energy when the demand on the electrical network 102 is low and restore this electrical energy when the electrical network 102 undergoes a peak in demand.
- this transfer of energy in the opposite direction can allow the motor vehicle to electrically supply an external electrical device usually plugging into the electrical network 102.
- the system 108 further comprises an isolated DC-DC voltage converter 118, hereinafter simply called the DC-inverse converter 118. It is connected between the main output terminals V48+, G2 and the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 and designed to convert voltage V48 to voltage Vc.
- DC-inverse converter 118 an isolated DC-DC voltage converter 118, hereinafter simply called the DC-inverse converter 118. It is connected between the main output terminals V48+, G2 and the intermediate terminals Vc+, G1 and designed to convert voltage V48 to voltage Vc.
- the system 108 is also designed to transfer electrical power from the main output terminals V48+, G2 (that is to say the battery 104 in the example described) to the network terminals P, N (that is to say, for example, the electrical network 102 or else an external electrical device as explained above) through the direct-to-inverse converter 118 and the network converter 110 in inverter mode.
- the DC reverse converter 118 comprises, in cascade from the main output terminals V48+, G2 to the intermediate terminals VC+, G1, an inverter 03, a galvanic isolation transformer T3 and a rectifier R3.
- the transformer T3 has a transformation ratio M' in the opposite direction.
- its T3S secondary has M’ times more windings than its T3P primary.
- M' is greater than M.
- M' is at least twice as large as M, preferably at least five times and more preferably at least ten times.
- the transformation ratio M' of the transformer T3 is greater than the transformation ratio M of each of the transformers T1, T2.
- the transformers T1, T2, T3 form a galvanic isolation barrier between a high voltage side and a low voltage side of the system 108.
- the high voltage side thus comprises the blocks 110, 01, 02 and R3, while that the low voltage side has blocks R1 , R2 and 03.
- the system 108 further comprises a DC-DC voltage converter 124, hereinafter simply called internal DC converter. It is connected between the main output terminals V48+, G2 and the auxiliary output terminals V12+, G2 to allow the transfer of electric power between these two pairs of terminals, and therefore between the batteries 104 and 106 in the example described.
- the system 108 further comprises a device 126 for controlling the mains converter 110, the forward DC converter 112, the reverse DC converter 118 and the internal DC converter 124.
- the control device 126 is in particular designed to selectively activate and disable one or more of these converters 110, 112, 118 and 124.
- polarity switching devices can be made by a full H-bridge comprising four switches arranged in two switching arms connected at their ends, or else by a half-H bridge comprising two switches arranged in a switching arm and two capacitors arranged in a capacitive voltage divider, the switching arm and the capacitive voltage divider being connected at their ends.
- a change in polarity of the voltage between the ends can thus be obtained between the two respective midpoints of the two switching arms (for an H-bridge) or else of the switching arm and the capacitive voltage divider (for a half-bridge in H), by the appropriate control of the switches.
- Each switch is preferably a controllable semiconductor switch, such as for example a transistor of the FET type (or field-effect transistor in English “Field-Effect Transistor”) or of the IGBT type (or bipolar transistor insulated-gate from English "Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor”).
- the FET-type transistor may be a MOSFET (or Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Field Effect Transistor). Transistor”) in silicon (Si-MOSFET) or silicon carbide (SiC-MOSFET) or even a gallium nitride FET transistor (GaN-FET).
- the switches are MOSFET transistors.
- the network converter 110 firstly comprises a capacitor C1 connected between the terminal P and the electrical ground G1, a switching arm HV1 connected between the terminal Vc+ and the electrical ground G1 and an inductor L1 connected between the terminal P and a midpoint of switching arm HV 1.
- network converter 110 further comprises a capacitor C2 connected between terminal N and electrical ground G1, a switching arm HV2 connected between terminal Vc+ and electrical ground G1 and an inductance L2 connected between terminal N and a midpoint of switching arm HV2.
- the inverter 01 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, the switching arm HV1 and a capacitive voltage divider CD1, arranged as a half-bridge at F1.
- a primary T1 P of the transformer T 1 is thus connected between their respective midpoints.
- switching arm HV1 is therefore common to network converter 110 and inverter 01.
- the inverter 02 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, the switching arm HV2 and a capacitive voltage divider CD2, arranged as a half-bridge at F1.
- a primary T2P of the transformer T2 is thus connected between their respective midpoints.
- the switching arm FIV2 is therefore common to the network converter 110 and to the inverter 02.
- the rectifier R1 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, a switching arm LV1 and a capacitive voltage divider CD, arranged as a half-bridge at F1 between the terminals V48+ and G2.
- a secondary T1 S of the transformer T 1 is thus connected between their respective midpoints.
- the rectifier R2 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, a switching arm LV2 and the divider capacitive CD, arranged as a half H-bridge between terminals V48+ and G2.
- a secondary T2S of transformer T2 is connected between their respective midpoints.
- the capacitive divider CD is common to the two rectifiers R1, R2, which saves two capacitors.
- the inverter 03 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, a switching arm LV3 and the switching arm LV2, arranged as a full H bridge between the terminals V48+ and G2.
- a secondary T3S of the transformer T3 is thus connected between their respective midpoints.
- the rectifier R3 comprises a polarity switching device comprising, in the example described, a switching arm HV3 and a capacitive voltage divider CD3, arranged as a half-H bridge between the terminals Vc+ and G1.
- a primary T3P of the transformer T3 is thus connected between their respective midpoints.
- the internal DC converter 124 comprises the switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3 and, for each of them, a respective inductance L'1, L'2, L'3 connected between the midpoint of the switching arm LV1 , LV2, LV3 considered and terminal V12+.
- Circuit 124 further comprises a capacitor C12 connected between terminals V12+ and G2.
- the internal DC converter 124 further comprises a safety device 202 comprising semiconductor switches (for example, transistor switches such as MOSFETs) for respectively disconnecting the inductors L'1, L'2, L '3 switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3.
- a safety device 202 comprising semiconductor switches (for example, transistor switches such as MOSFETs) for respectively disconnecting the inductors L'1, L'2, L '3 switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3.
- Controller 126 is designed to operate system 108 in various modes which will now be described.
- a first mode of operation is a direct mode from the network terminals P, N to the main output terminals V48+, G2, to charge the battery 104 in the example described.
- control device 126 is designed to deactivate the reverse DC converter 118 (by maintaining the switching arms HV3 and LV3 open in the example described), as well as the internal DC converter 124 (for example by opening the switches of the safety device 202). Controller 126 is further designed to activate forward DC converter 112 and activate mains converter 110 to rectifier.
- control device 126 for the direct mode will now be described.
- the control device 126 is designed to determine the duty cycles a1, a2 for the switching arms HV1, HV2 respectively and to control the latter from the duty cycles a1, a2 in order to activate the inverter 01, as well than the network converter 110.
- control device 126 is first of all designed to slave the output voltage V48 to a reference V48 * .
- the voltages VC1 , VC2 are equal to:
- voltage Vc is linked to network voltage Vg by:
- VA8 k M Vc where k is a constant depending for example on the type of polarity switching device used.
- control device 126 is designed to control the voltage V48 by playing on the difference in the duty cycles a1, a2 of the switching arms HV1, HV2.
- the device 126 is also designed to simultaneously perform a power factor correction (from the English, "Power Factor Correction” also designated by the acronym PFC) by varying the sum of the duty cycles a1, a2.
- a power factor correction from the English, "Power Factor Correction” also designated by the acronym PFC
- control device 126 firstly includes a notch filter 302 to filter the measured voltage V48.
- the control device 126 further comprises a comparator 304 for comparing the voltage reference V48 * with the filtered voltage V48, in order to provide a voltage difference AV48.
- the control device 126 further includes a corrector 305 designed to correct the voltage difference AV48.
- the corrector 305 is for example a proportional-integral corrector.
- the control device 126 further comprises a module 306 for analyzing the network voltage Vg to determine a sinusoidal signal sin(wt) set on the network voltage Vg.
- the analysis module 306 comprises a phase-locked loop (from the English “Phase-Locked Loop” also designated by the acronym PLL).
- the control device 126 includes a multiplier 308 designed to multiply the voltage difference AV48 with the sinusoidal signal sin(wt).
- the control device 126 further includes a reactive power compensation module 310 designed to supply a cosine signal (that is to say sinusoidal with a phase shift of pi/2 with the sinusoidal signal sin(wt)) with a wCA gain: wCA x cos(wt).
- a cosine signal that is to say sinusoidal with a phase shift of pi/2 with the sinusoidal signal sin(wt)
- wCA gain wCA x cos(wt).
- the control device 126 further comprises a subtractor 312 for subtracting the cosine signal wCA cos(wt) from the sinusoidal signal multiplied by the voltage difference AV48 x sin(wt), to provide a differential current set point of inductance (11-12) * corresponding to a duty cycle differential Aa.
- the control device 126 then comprises a module 314 for determining the duty cycle ratios a1, a2 so that they are equal to an average value at respectively plus and minus the duty cycle differential Aa.
- control device 126 is designed to perform power decoupling (also called “rectifier harmonic compensation” or else “active filtering”).
- Power decoupling consists in ensuring that the power transmitted by the output terminals main V48+, G2 is substantially constant, which amounts to ensuring, since the output voltage V48 is substantially constant, that the current supplied is substantially constant.
- This power decoupling is possible because the electrical energy stored by the capacitors C1, C2 can be controlled.
- the stored electrical energy depends on the duty cycles a1, a2 of the switching arms HV1, HV2. Indeed, on average, the electrical energy E stored in the capacitors C1, C2 is equal to:
- control device 126 is designed to perform the power decoupling by varying the electrical energy E stored in the capacitors C1, C2 by acting on the sum of the duty cycles a1 and a2.
- control device 126 firstly includes a low-cut filter 316 to filter the measured voltage V48.
- the control device 126 further includes a corrector 318 for the filtered voltage V48 to supply a setpoint, denoted (11+12) * , of the sum of the inductance currents 11, 12. It is for example a proportional resonant corrector. In this case, it presents for example the following transfer function T(s):
- T(s) K p + K t s 2 + w 2
- Kp and Ki are predefined gains and w a predefined frequency preferably equal to twice the main frequency of the network voltage Vg of the network 102.
- this predefined frequency is preferably equal to 100 Hz.
- the control device 126 further comprises a comparator 320 for comparing the setpoint (11+12) * with the sum of the inductance currents I1, I2 measured, in order to provide a deviation of the sum of the inductance currents , denoted D(I1+I2).
- the control device 126 further includes an amplifier 322 to amplify the difference D(I1+I2) in order to provide the average value at the duty cycles a1, a2.
- the control device 110 is also designed to control the switching arms LV1, LV2 to activate the rectifier R1.
- a third mode of operation is a transfer mode between outputs, in which electrical power is transferred bidirectionally (that is to say selectively in one direction and in the other) between the output terminals main V48+, G2 and the auxiliary output terminals V12+, G2.
- control device 126 is designed to deactivate the mains converter 110 and the direct DC converter 112 (by keeping the switching arms HV1, HV2 open in the example described), as well as the inverse DC converter 118 (keeping the switching arm HV3 open in the example described).
- the control device 126 then controls at least one of the switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3 in order to be used by the internal DC converter 124 to perform the voltage conversion between the voltages V48 and V12, in one way or the other.
- the control device 126 controls the three switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3.
- they are controlled at the same switching frequency and with the same duty cycle, but out of phase in order to reduce the variations in current flowing in the auxiliary output terminals V12+ , G2.
- the phase shift is not too high between the switching arms LV2 and LV3 so as not to generate at the secondary T3S of the transformer T3 too high a voltage which could cause reinjection. power to the network terminals P, N.
- this phase shift must comply with the following equation:
- a fourth operating mode is a combined direct mode and transfer between outputs.
- control device 126 is designed to control the switching arms LV1, LV2 to activate the rectifiers R1, R2 and to control the switching arm LV3 to activate the internal DC converter 124.
- a second operating mode is an inverse mode, to transfer electrical power from the main output terminals V48+, G2 to the network terminals P, N.
- control device 126 is designed to deactivate the direct DC converter 112 (by keeping the switching arm LV1 open in the example described), by controlling the switching arms LV2,
- the switching arm HV3 to convert the voltage V48 into the voltage Vc and by controlling the switching arms HV1, HV2 so that the network converter 110 operates as an inverter.
- the switching arms LV1, LV2 are phase shift controlled.
- none of the switching arms LV1, LV2, LV3 is controlled to be used by the internal DC converter 124, so that the latter is deactivated.
- a fifth mode of operation is a combined reverse mode and transfer between outputs.
- control device 126 is designed to control the switching arm LV1 in order to be used by the internal DC converter 124 and thus carry out the voltage conversion dc-dc between terminals V48+, G2 and terminals V12+, G2. It clearly appears that an isolated voltage conversion system such as that described above makes it possible to transfer electrical power in the reverse direction, without impacting the transfer of electrical power in the forward direction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2107067A FR3124905A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | Système de conversion de tension et véhicule automobile comportant un tel système |
| PCT/EP2022/067994 WO2023275202A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | Système de conversion de tension et véhicule automobile comportant un tel système |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4364283A1 true EP4364283A1 (fr) | 2024-05-08 |
Family
ID=77519302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22743773.8A Pending EP4364283A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | Système de conversion de tension et véhicule automobile comportant un tel système |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4364283A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3124905A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023275202A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5480296B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-04-23 | ブルサ エレクトロニック アーゲー | 単相および3相動作用の変換器、dc電源および電池充電器 |
| US9716447B2 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2017-07-25 | Raytheon Company | Method and integrated motor drive power electronics system with improved efficiency |
| CN108092371B (zh) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-04-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 充放电装置 |
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 FR FR2107067A patent/FR3124905A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-29 WO PCT/EP2022/067994 patent/WO2023275202A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-29 EP EP22743773.8A patent/EP4364283A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3124905A1 (fr) | 2023-01-06 |
| WO2023275202A1 (fr) | 2023-01-05 |
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