EP4361523A1 - Brennwertkessel mit brenner und speicher für hybridanlagen mit wärmepumpe - Google Patents

Brennwertkessel mit brenner und speicher für hybridanlagen mit wärmepumpe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4361523A1
EP4361523A1 EP23206523.5A EP23206523A EP4361523A1 EP 4361523 A1 EP4361523 A1 EP 4361523A1 EP 23206523 A EP23206523 A EP 23206523A EP 4361523 A1 EP4361523 A1 EP 4361523A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
chamber
liquid
technical liquid
heat pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23206523.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Angelo Rigamonti
Nadia VILLA
Costantino DURANTI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apen Group SpA
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Apen Group SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Apen Group SpA filed Critical Apen Group SpA
Publication of EP4361523A1 publication Critical patent/EP4361523A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F24H9/0031—Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1836—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/34—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side
    • F24H1/36—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side the water chamber including one or more fire tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a condensing boiler with a burner and storage for hybrid heat pump plants.
  • hybrid plants i.e., plants with both an air-water heat pump and a boiler
  • hybrid plants i.e., plants with both an air-water heat pump and a boiler
  • the heat pump works most of the time, and the boiler intervenes to supplement it or, more often alternatively, as the outside temperature drops, because the capacity and efficiency of the heat pump rapidly decrease in these climatic conditions.
  • a heat-pump-only plant would require sizing the machine to meet the heat load at the lowest outside temperatures; this machine would be excessive and operating at unoptimized efficiencies during practically all hours of operation; then, as the outside temperature rises, it would become enormously excessive.
  • Hybrid plants permit to drastically reduce the power of the heat pump, choosing it so as to optimize the efficiency and costs, both investment and operational, of the plant.
  • the boiler allows the generation of domestic hot water at high temperatures, preventing the heat pump from working at temperatures at which not all heat pumps can operate, and in any case would operate at low efficiencies.
  • the highest efficiency of operation is achieved by running the boiler at low outdoor temperatures as a supplement rather than as a substitute for the heat pump; the latter should operate at its maximum output ensuring high efficiency; the boiler should modulate by supplying the load share that the heat pump cannot deliver.
  • integrated (hybrid) operation With integrated (hybrid) operation, the hours of operation of the heat pump and thus of the total plant efficiency during the winter season are maximized.
  • Hybrid plants comprising a heat pump and a condensing boiler comprising a separate inertial storage of technical liquid (e.g., water) are known.
  • technical liquid e.g., water
  • the heat pump and boiler are in fluid connection with the inertial storage by respective circulation pumps working at different flow rates.
  • the heat pump needs a higher flow rate to work effectively, normally over 150 1 (liters) per kW (kilowatts), preferably around 170 1/kW for normal domestic use.
  • the boiler circulation pump operates at a much lower flow rate, in the range of 40 1/kW.
  • heat pumps require the plant to have a water content (technical liquid) such that the compressor can meet the low load at high ambient temperatures without switching off and on frequently after reaching its minimum capacity; in order not to compromise reliability, compressors must not perform more than 5-6 cycles per hour. Furthermore, the amount of water must be sufficient so as not to cool excessively during the defrost cycle, when the plant water is cooled to heat the external heat exchanger and melt the frost formed there. In addition to compromising comfort in the living spaces, excessive cooling could bring water to near-freezing conditions.
  • said inertial water storage does not correspond to domestic hot water storage, which remains a component of the plant that said inertial storage function cannot perform.
  • WO-2022/112661 describes a hybrid plant comprising a first energy source, a second energy source, and an inertial storage of technical liquid.
  • US-9341383 describes a hybrid plant comprising a heat pump, boiler, and domestic hot water storage.
  • EP-2613098 shows a hybrid plant comprising a heat pump, a condensing boiler, and a bypass line for combined or separate operation.
  • WO-2010/058397 describes a hybrid plant comprising a boiler, a heat pump, and an inertial storage of technical liquid.
  • EP-1398579 describes a condensing-type boiler for a hybrid plant comprising two heat sources, namely the boiler and a heat pump.
  • the known hybrid plants are complex, bulky, and most importantly, require a large number of components for their operation, e.g., technical liquid circulation pumps, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the hybrid plant.
  • the hybrid plants described in said patent documents comprise a complicated hydraulic plant with significant volumes of moving technical fluid which results in pressure drops and thus wasted energy.
  • the boiler prefferably has a structure, which is simple to assemble and disassemble for maintenance operations.
  • the boiler allows the use in series with the heat pump because the technical liquid is the same and is pumped by the same circulating pump, with a flow rate typical of heat pumps needing a high flow rate.
  • the hybrid plant comprising the boiler according to the present invention does not need any additional inertial storage of technical liquid, because the internal volume of the boiler is such that it ensures said thermal inertia function.
  • hot flue gases move in counter-current with respect to the technical liquid in the boiler.
  • the heating of technical liquid for domestic water equipment reduces the volume of liquid for said equipment by speeding up the heating of domestic water.
  • the hybrid plant using the boiler covered by the present invention also guarantees:
  • a condensing type boiler 1 for a hybrid plant is provided with a head 2, a bottom 3, and a shell 4 adapted to define an internal volume to create a storage of technical liquid, e.g., water.
  • the hybrid plant comprises two heat sources, i.e., the boiler and the heat pump.
  • the heat pump and the boiler 1 work in series by heating the same technical liquid, which is used to generate room heat by means of a room heating apparatus comprising, for example, common radiators.
  • a room heating apparatus comprising, for example, common radiators.
  • the technical liquid heated by the boiler 1 and/or the heat pump enters the radiators and exchanges heat with the environment, e.g., an apartment.
  • the hybrid plant may also be provided with equipment to produce domestic hot water, comprising means to exchange heat between the technical liquid and domestic water.
  • the technical liquid contained in the boiler 1 fulfills the function of technical liquid for both the heat pump, the room heating apparatus, and, possibly, the domestic water equipment.
  • connection 26 for an external burner (not shown), a flue gas outlet 81 of a flue gas chimney 8, and control and actuation means including a pressure gage 21, a vent valve 22, an ignition electrode 23, a thermometer 24, and a small motor 25 to disperse the flue gases.
  • a separation frame 6 is provided in the internal volume ( figure 2 ), preferably C-shaped, which divides said internal volume into a first chamber 51 inside the second outer chamber 52.
  • the first chamber 51 contains the bundle of exchanging plates 7, which extends vertically like the separation frame 6, while the second chamber 52 contains a flue gas chimney 8.
  • the separation frame 6 is provided with, at the bottom, slots 61 to make a liquid connection between the two chambers 51, 52, in which the same technical liquid is therefore contained.
  • the exchanger plates 7, on the other hand, are in gaseous connection with the chimney 8 by means of a liquid-tight lower chamber 11 at the bottom 3 of the boiler 1.
  • Figure 1 shows an inlet 41 of the technical liquid coming from a heating apparatus of the hybrid plant, and an outlet 42 of the technical liquid to the same heating apparatus.
  • the boiler 1 is further provided with an inlet 43 of the liquid coming from a domestic water heating equipment, preferably part of the hybrid plant, and an outlet 44 of the liquid for said equipment.
  • the head 2 further comprises a combustion chamber 21 (below the burner), which is provided with a grid 22 located below for feeding hot flue gas into the exchanger plates 7.
  • the combustion chamber 21 is shaped so that the outlets 42, 44 are close to it so as to efficiently heat the technical liquid shortly before it comes out of the first chamber 51.
  • the combustion chamber 21 is conformed to be lapped by the technical liquid in the first chamber 51.
  • the heating of the technical liquid takes place not only because of the exchanger plates 7 immersed in the moving technical liquid but also because of the flue gas chimney 8, which is in the second chamber 52 and which substantially preheats the technical liquid by optimizing the heat exchange of the heat produced in the combustion chamber; and with counter-current circulation first in the exchanger plates 7 and in the flue gas chimney 8 afterward, to the flue gas outlet 81.
  • the hot flue gas circulation is provided by appropriate means of gaseous circulation (ventilation, not shown) located on the head 2 of the boiler 1.
  • a second circulation of technical liquid from the inlet port 43 to the outlet port 44 may be created to heat domestic hot water.
  • the domestic water equipment can be operated separately from boiler 1, i.e., the second circulation of technical liquid can be absent.
  • a hybrid plant control unit is adapted to control the temperature outside the dwelling and inside the dwelling.
  • the boiler 1 allows the use in series with the heat pump because the technical liquid is the same and is pumped by the same circulating pump, with a typical flow rate for heat pumps needing a high flow rate, over 100 1/kW.
  • the hybrid plant comprising the boiler 1 according to the present invention does not need any additional inertial storage of technical liquid, because the internal volume of the boiler 1 is such that it ensures said thermal inertia function.
  • the hot flue gases move in counter-current with respect to the technical liquid.
  • the heating of technical liquid for domestic water equipment reduces the volume of liquid for said equipment by speeding up the heating of domestic water.
  • the hybrid plant also guarantees:
  • the heat pump and boiler are in series and both crossed by the same flow rate of technical liquid, i.e., the high flow rate required by the heat pump, i.e., over 100 1/kW.
  • the boilers normally used have high pressure drops, such that they cannot process the same flow rate of technical liquid as the heat pump, unless two pumps are used in series, which not only significantly decreases efficiency but also increases the costs, in terms of both investment and operation, of the system.
  • the boiler 1 can make a hybrid plant with a heat pump in series with the boiler, wherein the hybrid plant comprises a condensing flue gas boiler 1, which, inherently, also constitutes an inertial storage tank of adequate size for the reliable operation of the heat pump, to be installed directly in series therewith, with low pressure drop and thus, traversed by the same high flow rate of technical liquid required by the heat pump.
  • the hybrid plant comprises a condensing flue gas boiler 1, which, inherently, also constitutes an inertial storage tank of adequate size for the reliable operation of the heat pump, to be installed directly in series therewith, with low pressure drop and thus, traversed by the same high flow rate of technical liquid required by the heat pump.
  • the hybrid plant comprising the boiler 1 can operate both with adequate technical liquid content necessary to ensure the reliability of the heat pump and to avoid excessive cooling of the technical liquid during defrosting cycles, and with minimal technical liquid content when serving the domestic hot water equipment, speeding up its heating and therefore reducing the time of availability of domestic hot water at the desired temperature.
  • the paths of the technical liquid and flue gases, from combustion to the flue gas outlet 81 of the chimney 8, allow for maximum heat exchange efficiency; they are such as to ensure perfect counter-current flows; flue gas heat is recovered at the highest level from the technical liquid which invests the chimney 8; the shape of the combustion chamber 21 is such as to force water to lap it completely, optimizing heat exchange in the zone with the highest flue gas temperature.
  • the boiler 1 designed specifically to operate in series with a heat pump, as a single, coordinated assembly, allows the elimination of the hydraulic component duplication typical of hybrid systems available on the market today, which, by assembling two separate apparatuses, each with their own hydraulic and protection systems, lead, inevitably, to the duplication of hydraulic components (pumps, safety valves, expansion vessels, flow meters, air filling and venting apparatus, etc.).
  • the elimination of duplicate components allows the optimization and a significant reduction in product and installation costs, and thus in the final costs to the customer.
  • the boiler 1 is designed to provide the necessary storage for both the operation of the heat pump coordinated with the boiler 1 in heating mode and the heat pump operating in reverse refrigeration cycle by cooling the technical liquid; at the same time, it can provide domestic hot water, in both operating modes.
  • the integrated system also saves considerable occupied space.
  • heat pump and boiler assembly 1 allows optimized control as a system, developing logic that coordinates the two heat sources in the most efficient manner and with the lowest possible operating cost, under each specific condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP23206523.5A 2022-10-31 2023-10-27 Brennwertkessel mit brenner und speicher für hybridanlagen mit wärmepumpe Pending EP4361523A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202200022365 2022-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4361523A1 true EP4361523A1 (de) 2024-05-01

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0127939A2 (de) * 1983-04-26 1984-12-12 Sa Patscentre Benelux Nv Kessel mit hohem Wirkungsgrad
DE19505235A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-22 Froeling Kessel App Brennwertkessel
EP1004833A2 (de) * 1998-11-27 2000-05-31 Max Weishaupt GmbH Heizkessel
EP1398579A1 (de) 2002-09-05 2004-03-17 Thermital Spa Hoch modulierender Brennwertkessel
WO2010058397A1 (en) 2008-11-18 2010-05-27 Phoebus Energy Ltd. Hybrid heating system
EP2613098A1 (de) 2010-12-08 2013-07-10 Daikin Europe N.V. Heizung
WO2013141728A2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Aic Spółka Akcyjna Dual purpose heat exchanger
WO2022112661A1 (en) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Auris Energiaratkaisut Oy A hybrid heating arrangement and a method of operating a hybrid heating arrangement

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0127939A2 (de) * 1983-04-26 1984-12-12 Sa Patscentre Benelux Nv Kessel mit hohem Wirkungsgrad
DE19505235A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-22 Froeling Kessel App Brennwertkessel
EP1004833A2 (de) * 1998-11-27 2000-05-31 Max Weishaupt GmbH Heizkessel
EP1398579A1 (de) 2002-09-05 2004-03-17 Thermital Spa Hoch modulierender Brennwertkessel
WO2010058397A1 (en) 2008-11-18 2010-05-27 Phoebus Energy Ltd. Hybrid heating system
EP2613098A1 (de) 2010-12-08 2013-07-10 Daikin Europe N.V. Heizung
US9341383B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2016-05-17 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heating system and method for controlling a heating system
WO2013141728A2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Aic Spółka Akcyjna Dual purpose heat exchanger
WO2022112661A1 (en) 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Auris Energiaratkaisut Oy A hybrid heating arrangement and a method of operating a hybrid heating arrangement

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