EP4355096A1 - Use of essential oils as biostimulants for mycelia and fungi - Google Patents

Use of essential oils as biostimulants for mycelia and fungi

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Publication number
EP4355096A1
EP4355096A1 EP22733622.9A EP22733622A EP4355096A1 EP 4355096 A1 EP4355096 A1 EP 4355096A1 EP 22733622 A EP22733622 A EP 22733622A EP 4355096 A1 EP4355096 A1 EP 4355096A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beta
mycelium
essential oil
pinene
phellandrene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22733622.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jérémie MALLET
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Myceliance
Original Assignee
Myceliance
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Publication date
Application filed by Myceliance filed Critical Myceliance
Publication of EP4355096A1 publication Critical patent/EP4355096A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/10—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae [Carrot family], e.g. parsley, caraway, dill, lovage, fennel or snakebed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators

Definitions

  • TITLE USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS BIOSTIMULANTS OF MYCELIUMS AND MUSHROOMS
  • the present invention relates to the use of essential oils as biostimulants in the production of mycelia and the cultivation of mushrooms. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of particular terpenes, or of essential oils which are mainly composed of them, in the stimulation of the development and growth of mycelia and edible mushrooms.
  • Edible mushrooms have always been used by humans, particularly for their food qualities or their medicinal properties.
  • mushrooms There are many varieties of mushrooms but the most cultivated in the world are button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii, etc.) and shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes).
  • Button mushrooms alone represent more than 40% of the world market, oyster mushrooms 25% and shiitake 15%.
  • the main market players on a global scale are China with 50% of production, the United States and Europe.
  • the mushroom production method can be broken down into two stages: the first concerns the obtaining of inoculum and mycelia, the second concerns the actual culture of the mushrooms, from the mycelia obtained during the first step. These two steps can be carried out independently by different players, the first by a mycelium producer, the second by a mushroom grower, or by a single player, the mushroom grower.
  • the culture medium can be agar, such as potato dextrose agar (PDA, Potato Dextrose Agar), a liquid medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB, Potato Dextrose Broth), or any other nutrient solution containing a gelling agent or not.
  • PDA potato dextrose agar
  • PB potato Dextrose broth
  • the development and growth of the mycelium on its culture medium is variable but generally extends from 7 to 28 days, depending on the strain of mushroom.
  • a piece of the culture medium is then taken for inoculation with a colonization substrate.
  • a suitable colonization substrate can be synthetic, or more often composed of cereals, generally rye, millet, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice or oats, previously sterilized and packaged in jars or containers. grow bags.
  • the mycelium inoculum thus obtained is then used in the cultivation and production of mushrooms.
  • the inoculum is therefore used to seed a substrate for fruiting.
  • the fruiting substrate is compost generally made up of straw and animal waste, watered abundantly to guarantee its maturation for two to three weeks.
  • the fruiting substrate is then pasteurized for a few days with decreasing temperatures of 60 to 40°C.
  • the seeding of the fruiting substrate is done after pasteurization, for example using a ladder, by mixing the inoculum contained in its colonization substrate and the fruiting substrate.
  • the next step is casing, which consists of covering the fruiting substrate with a suitable layer of soil.
  • the casing soil is, for example, a mixture of crushed and disinfected freestone and horticultural peat. After a controlled drop in temperature, the first mushroom heads emerge from the fruiting substrate, and the harvest can then begin and last two to three weeks.
  • Biostimulants are substances capable of stimulating the metabolism of a plant, or a fungus, and its natural processes of absorption of nutrients. More specifically, Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 5, 2019 entering into force on July 22, 2022 defines a biostimulant as "a product which stimulates the nutrition processes of plants independently of the nutrients it contains. contains, with the aim of improving one or more of the following characteristics of plants or their rhizosphere: a) nutrient use efficiency b) tolerance to abiotic stress c) quality characteristics d) nutrient availability nutrients confined to the soil or rhizosphere”
  • the object of the present invention is thus to identify and to propose effective biostimulants in the methods of production of inoculum of mycelia and in the methods of culture of mushrooms from inoculum of mycelia.
  • the biostimulants according to the invention will have to make it possible to shorten the times for production of the inocula of mycelia and for the culture of mushrooms or, at the very least, to avoid the lengthening of these times.
  • the biostimulants according to the invention must be usable in the conventional methods of production of inoculum and production of mushrooms.
  • the invention relates to the use of at least one chemotyped essential oil beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or a mixture thereof, for the stimulation of development and growth. of a mycelium or fungus.
  • the chemotype, or chemotype, of an essential oil indicates the major component of the chemical composition of the essential oil. This component is generally present in a content greater than 20% of the total volume used during its chemical analysis.
  • the essential oils selected according to the invention it is possible to extract and use the biostimulant compound(s) from the chemical composition of the essential oil.
  • the invention also relates to the use of at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixtures, for stimulating development and growth. of a mycelium or fungus.
  • biostimulants are real innovations for the production of mushrooms.
  • the use of products with a biostimulant effect has a major impact on the production of mycelia and fungi.
  • the main limit of inoculum producers lies in their ability to quickly produce, store and distribute their mycelia to mushroom producers.
  • the use of biostimulants according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the time between the start of production and distribution, thus increasing the production capacity of producers.
  • the addition of biostimulants in the culture substrate makes it possible to increase the speed of colonization of the substrate by the mycelia and thus to initiate fruiting and to initiate the harvest of more mushrooms. rapidly, leading to an increase in the production of mushroom growers.
  • the addition of biostimulants can be carried out during the different incubation phases, until fruiting.
  • the mycelia stimulated by the compounds and the essential oils selected according to the invention it was possible to observe an increase in the yield of the crops, an increase in the average mass per mushroom and, on the one hand, generally, an improvement in the quality of the mushrooms harvested.
  • the compounds and essential oils selected in the context of the invention have the particularity of exhibiting a strongly biostimulating effect over a wide range of concentrations, therefore without risk of an inhibitory effect in the event of an overdose.
  • the selected compounds and essential oils are also interchangeable, for example in the event of a shortage of one of them.
  • the selected compounds and essential oils can also be combined in order to obtain, in certain cases, effects of synergy and accentuated resilience.
  • the compounds and essential oils selected also make it possible to produce their effects on the growth of mycelia and fungi under conditions less favorable than normal conditions, such as a lowering of the incubation temperature by 1 or 2°C or a aging effect.
  • the essential oil is chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • the mycelium or the fungus is chosen from basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, more particularly Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinula edodes.
  • the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-S-carene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-pinene.
  • the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene.
  • the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-pinene.
  • the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene.
  • the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-phellandrene.
  • the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene or beta-phellandrene.
  • the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene.
  • the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene.
  • the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, and Ferula gummosa.
  • the invention also relates to a composition for biostimulating the development and growth of a mycelium or a fungus, which is characterized in that it comprises: a liquid solution, at least one terpene chosen from delta-3- carene and beta-phellandrene, or at least one chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene essential oil, or one of their mixtures, at least one surfactant capable of solubilizing the terpene(s), or the or essential oils, in the liquid solution.
  • the ratio between the terpene(s), or the essential oil(s), and the surfactant(s) is 1.
  • composition according to the invention composed for 50% of at least one terpene chosen from delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or at least one essential oil chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta -phellandrène, or one of their mixture, and for 50% liquid black soap.
  • the composition comprises, as essential oil, at least one essential oil chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • at least one essential oil chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
  • the invention also relates to a method for obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a culture medium, addition, in the culture medium, of least one essential oil chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or of at least one terpene selected from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixture, or of a composition as defined previously, inoculation of the culture medium with spores or an inoculum, optionally, growth of the mycelium, inoculation of a colonization substrate with the mycelium, obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium , conditioning of the inoculum.
  • the essential oil, the terpene or the composition are added to the culture medium so that the concentration of the essential oil(s), or the concentration of the terpene(s), is comprised between 20 and 300 pL/L of culture medium.
  • the culture medium used is a culture medium conventionally used in the production of mycelium. It is in particular a liquid or agar medium, such as potato dextrose broth (PDB) or potato dextrose agar (PDA).
  • PDB potato dextrose broth
  • PDA potato dextrose agar
  • the medium is sterilized in the liquid state.
  • the composition according to the invention is added then the medium is stored in liquid form or poured into Petri dishes if it contains a gelling agent.
  • the liquid solution or Petri dishes are then inoculated with spores or solid inocula, and the method continues in the conventional manner.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to shorten by several days the period necessary for obtaining inocula, mycelia, or mushrooms, marketable by the producers, compared to a traditional method.
  • Growth can be stimulated and increased by more than 50%, even more than 80%, compared to the growth obtained in a classic method, that is to say without the use of terpenes or essential oils selected in the framework of the invention.
  • Growth stimulation can be calculated by measuring the size or the mass of the mycelium at a time T, compared to a control.
  • the invention also relates to a method for growing mushrooms from an inoculum, mycelium, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a fruiting substrate, optionally, impregnation, incorporation, watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate with at least one chemotyped essential oil beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixture, or by a composition as defined above, seeding of the fruiting substrate with an inoculum, of mycelium preferentially obtained by a method according to the invention, incubation, with optional watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate by at least one essential oil, or at least one terpene or by a composition as defined above, fruiting, harvesting, according to one embodiment of the invention, the mycel ium or the mushroom is chosen from the basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster
  • FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pinus ponderosa.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pinus mugo.
  • FIG. B is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pseudotsuga menziesii.
  • FIG. 4], [Fig. 5] and [Fig. 6] are graphic representations of the stimulation of mycelium growth of three strains of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with purified b-pinene.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the growth inhibition of Agaricus bisporus mycelium on a culture medium supplemented with purified ⁇ -pinene.
  • Example 1 Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus
  • composition of biostimulants according to the invention Mix in a sterile container, the essential oil(s), or the terpene(s) chosen according to the invention, with the surfactant(s), in equal portions:
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate the average growths of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on their culture medium supplemented with essential oils of Pinus ponderosa (figure 1), Pinus mugo (figure 2) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (figure 3) .
  • the essential oils indicated in Table 2 showed an inhibitory effect, or showed no significant effect, on the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus.
  • Example 2 Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreaus 2.1 Experimental protocol The experimental protocol is identical to that of Example 1.
  • Example 5 Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus by b-pinene.
  • the experimental protocol is identical to that of example 1.
  • the tests were carried out on three strains of Agaricus bisporus (brands Heirloom and TripleX from the company Amycel and Italian from the company Sylvan) with the purified terpene b-pinene.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the average mycelium growths of Heirloom brand Agaricus bisporus ( Figure 4), TripleX brand Agaricus bisporus ( Figure 5), Italian brand Agaricus bisporus ( Figure 6), on their culture medium supplemented with purified b-pinene, at a concentration of 40 or 80 ⁇ L/L for Heirloom and TripleX brand Agaricus bisporus, and at a concentration of 80 or 100 ⁇ L/L for Arabic brand Agaricus bisporus.
  • Example 6 Comparison of the effects on the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus of b-pinene and of Ga-pinene.
  • the tests were carried out on the Agaricus bisporus strain of the TripleX brand from the company Amycel with the purified terpenes b-pinene and a-pinene, at a concentration of 40 ⁇ L/L.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of specific terpenes, or of essential oils composed predominantly thereof, as biostimulants in the production of mycelia and the cultivation of fungi. The invention more particularly relates to the use of at least one beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene essential oil chemotype, or of at least one terpene selected from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or a mixture thereof, for stimulating the development and growth of mycelia and edible fungi.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : UTILISATION D'HUILES ESSENTIELLES À TITRE DE BIOSTIMULANTS DE MYCÉLIUMS ET DE CHAMPIGNONS TITLE: USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS BIOSTIMULANTS OF MYCELIUMS AND MUSHROOMS
La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'huiles essentielles à titre de biostimulants dans la production de mycéliums et la culture de champignons. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne l'utilisation de terpènes particuliers, ou d'huiles essentielles qui en sont majoritairement composées, dans la stimulation du développement et de la croissance de mycéliums et de champignons comestibles. The present invention relates to the use of essential oils as biostimulants in the production of mycelia and the cultivation of mushrooms. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of particular terpenes, or of essential oils which are mainly composed of them, in the stimulation of the development and growth of mycelia and edible mushrooms.
Les champignons comestibles sont utilisés depuis toujours par l'Homme notamment pour leurs qualités alimentaires ou leurs vertus médicinales. Il existe de nombreuses variétés de champignons mais les plus cultivées dans le monde sont le champignon de Paris (Agaricus bisporus), les pleurotes (Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii, etc.) et le shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Le champignon de Paris représente à lui seul plus de 40 % du marché mondial, les pleurotes 25 % et le shiitake 15 %. Les principaux acteurs du marché à l'échelle mondiale sont la Chine avec 50 % de la production, les États-Unis et l'Europe. Edible mushrooms have always been used by humans, particularly for their food qualities or their medicinal properties. There are many varieties of mushrooms but the most cultivated in the world are button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii, etc.) and shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). Button mushrooms alone represent more than 40% of the world market, oyster mushrooms 25% and shiitake 15%. The main market players on a global scale are China with 50% of production, the United States and Europe.
À l'échelle industrielle, la méthode de production de champignons peut se décomposer en deux étapes : la première concerne l'obtention d'inoculum, de mycéliums, la seconde concerne la culture à proprement parler des champignons, à partir des mycéliums obtenus lors de la première étape. Ces deux étapes peuvent être réalisées indépendamment par des acteurs différents, la première par un producteur de mycéliums, la seconde par un champignonniste, ou par un seul et même acteur, le champignonniste. On an industrial scale, the mushroom production method can be broken down into two stages: the first concerns the obtaining of inoculum and mycelia, the second concerns the actual culture of the mushrooms, from the mycelia obtained during the first step. These two steps can be carried out independently by different players, the first by a mycelium producer, the second by a mushroom grower, or by a single player, the mushroom grower.
L'obtention d'inoculum, de mycéliums, débute par l'inoculation d'un milieu de culture stérilisé à partir de spores ou d'un morceau d'inoculum. Le milieu de culture peut être de la gélose, telle que de la gélose dextrosée à la pomme de terre (PDA, Potato Dextrose Agar), un milieu liquide tel que du bouillon dextrosé à la pomme de terre (PDB, Potato Dextrose Broth), ou toute autre solution nutritive contenant un gélifiant ou non. Le développement et la croissance du mycélium sur son milieu de culture est variable mais s'étend généralement de 7 à 28 jours, en fonction de la souche de champignon. Une fois que le mycélium a totalement colonisé le milieu de culture, un morceau du milieu de culture est alors prélevé pour l'inoculation d'un substrat de colonisation. Un substrat de colonisation adapté peut être synthétique, ou le plus souvent composé de céréales, généralement de seigle, de millet, de sorgho, de blé, d'orge, de riz ou d'avoine, préalablement stérilisées et conditionnées dans des bocaux ou des sacs de culture.Obtaining inoculum, mycelia, begins with the inoculation of a sterilized culture medium from spores or a piece of inoculum. The culture medium can be agar, such as potato dextrose agar (PDA, Potato Dextrose Agar), a liquid medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB, Potato Dextrose Broth), or any other nutrient solution containing a gelling agent or not. The development and growth of the mycelium on its culture medium is variable but generally extends from 7 to 28 days, depending on the strain of mushroom. Once the mycelium has completely colonized the culture medium, a piece of the culture medium is then taken for inoculation with a colonization substrate. A suitable colonization substrate can be synthetic, or more often composed of cereals, generally rye, millet, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice or oats, previously sterilized and packaged in jars or containers. grow bags.
L'inoculum de mycélium ainsi obtenu est ensuite utilisé dans la culture et la production des champignons. L'inoculum est donc utilisé pour ensemencer un substrat de fructification. The mycelium inoculum thus obtained is then used in the cultivation and production of mushrooms. The inoculum is therefore used to seed a substrate for fruiting.
Dans le cas du champignon de Paris, le substrat de fructification est un compost généralement composé de pailles et de déjections animales, arrosé abondamment pour garantir sa maturation durant deux à trois semaines. Le substrat de fructification est ensuite pasteurisé durant quelques jours avec des températures décroissantes de 60 à 40°C. L'ensemencement du substrat de fructification se fait après pasteurisation, par exemple à l'aide d'une lardeuse, par mélange de l'inoculum contenu dans son substrat de colonisation et du substrat de fructification. Il s'en suit une période d'incubation durant laquelle les substrats de fructification inoculés sont placés dans un local clos dont la température, l'humidité et l'oxygène sont contrôlées pendant deux semaines. La température est maintenue de 22 à 25°C. L'étape ultérieure est le gobetage, qui consiste à recouvrir le substrat de fructification d'une couche de terre adaptée. La terre de gobetage est, par exemple, un mélange de tuffeau, broyé et désinfecté et de tourbe horticole. Après une baisse de température contrôlée, les premières têtes de champignons sortent du substrat de fructification, et la récolte peut alors commencer et durer deux à trois semaines. In the case of button mushrooms, the fruiting substrate is compost generally made up of straw and animal waste, watered abundantly to guarantee its maturation for two to three weeks. The fruiting substrate is then pasteurized for a few days with decreasing temperatures of 60 to 40°C. The seeding of the fruiting substrate is done after pasteurization, for example using a ladder, by mixing the inoculum contained in its colonization substrate and the fruiting substrate. There follows an incubation period during which the inoculated fruiting substrates are placed in a closed room whose temperature, humidity and oxygen are controlled for two weeks. The temperature is maintained at 22 to 25°C. The next step is casing, which consists of covering the fruiting substrate with a suitable layer of soil. The casing soil is, for example, a mixture of crushed and disinfected freestone and horticultural peat. After a controlled drop in temperature, the first mushroom heads emerge from the fruiting substrate, and the harvest can then begin and last two to three weeks.
Ces méthodes d'obtention de l'inoculum et de production des champignons s'étendent ainsi sur plusieurs semaines, en particulier du fait du temps nécessaire aux différentes souches de mycéliums pour coloniser leurs substrats. Le développement et la croissance des mycéliums peuvent en outre être perturbés par différents facteurs, tels qu'une variation de paramètres des conditions de culture. Les vitesses de croissance des mycéliums peuvent ainsi devenir un facteur limitant allongeant les délais de production des inocula pour les producteurs et/ou allongeant les délais de récolte des champignons pour les champignonnistes. Ainsi toute la chaîne de production des champignons peut se trouver impactée. These methods for obtaining the inoculum and producing the mushrooms thus extend over several weeks, in particular because of the time necessary for the various strains of mycelia to colonize their substrates. The development and growth of mycelia can also be disturbed by various factors, such as a variation of parameters cultivation conditions. Mycelia growth rates can thus become a limiting factor, lengthening inocula production times for producers and/or lengthening mushroom harvest times for mushroom growers. Thus the entire mushroom production chain can be impacted.
L'utilisation de biostimulants dans les méthodes de productions agricoles est en plein développement. Les biostimulants sont des substances capables de stimuler le métabolisme d'une plante, ou d'un champignon, et ses processus naturels d'absorption des nutriments. Plus précisément, le Règlement (UE) 2019/1009 du parlement européen et du conseil du 5 juin 2019 entrant en vigueur le 22 juillet 2022 définit un biostimulant comme « un produit qui stimule les processus de nutrition des végétaux indépendamment des éléments nutritifs qu'il contient, dans le but d'améliorer une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes des végétaux ou de leur rhizosphère : a) l'efficacité d'utilisation des éléments nutritifs b) la tolérance au stress abiotique c) les caractéristiques qualitatives d) la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs confinés dans le sol ou la rhizosphère » The use of biostimulants in agricultural production methods is in full development. Biostimulants are substances capable of stimulating the metabolism of a plant, or a fungus, and its natural processes of absorption of nutrients. More specifically, Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 5, 2019 entering into force on July 22, 2022 defines a biostimulant as "a product which stimulates the nutrition processes of plants independently of the nutrients it contains. contains, with the aim of improving one or more of the following characteristics of plants or their rhizosphere: a) nutrient use efficiency b) tolerance to abiotic stress c) quality characteristics d) nutrient availability nutrients confined to the soil or rhizosphere”
Le but de la présente invention est ainsi d'identifier et de proposer des biostimulants efficaces dans les méthodes de production d'inoculum de mycéliums et dans les méthodes de culture de champignons à partir d'inoculum de mycéliums. En particulier, les biostimulants selon l'invention devront permettre de raccourcir les délais de production des inocula de mycéliums et de culture de champignons ou, tout au moins, d'éviter l'allongement de ces délais. Enfin, les biostimulants selon l'invention devront être utilisables dans les méthodes classiques de production d'inoculum et de production des champignons. The object of the present invention is thus to identify and to propose effective biostimulants in the methods of production of inoculum of mycelia and in the methods of culture of mushrooms from inoculum of mycelia. In particular, the biostimulants according to the invention will have to make it possible to shorten the times for production of the inocula of mycelia and for the culture of mushrooms or, at the very least, to avoid the lengthening of these times. Finally, the biostimulants according to the invention must be usable in the conventional methods of production of inoculum and production of mushrooms.
À cet effet, l'invention concerne l'utilisation d'au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta- pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, pour la stimulation du développement et de la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon. De manière connue, le chémotype, ou chimiotype, d'une huile essentielle indique le composant majoritaire de la composition chimique de l'huile essentielle. Ce composant se trouve généralement présent selon une teneur supérieure à 20 % du volume total utilisé lors de son analyse chimique. To this end, the invention relates to the use of at least one chemotyped essential oil beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or a mixture thereof, for the stimulation of development and growth. of a mycelium or fungus. In a known manner, the chemotype, or chemotype, of an essential oil indicates the major component of the chemical composition of the essential oil. This component is generally present in a content greater than 20% of the total volume used during its chemical analysis.
De manière alternative à l'utilisation des huiles essentielles sélectionnées selon l'invention, il est possible d'extraire et d'utiliser le ou les composés biostimulants de la composition chimique de l'huile essentielle. As an alternative to the use of the essential oils selected according to the invention, it is possible to extract and use the biostimulant compound(s) from the chemical composition of the essential oil.
Ainsi, l'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta- pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, pour stimuler le développement et la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon. Thus, the invention also relates to the use of at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixtures, for stimulating development and growth. of a mycelium or fungus.
La société déposante a en effet découvert, que certains terpènes, ou les huiles essentielles qui en sont majoritairement composées, présentaient des capacités de biostimulation surprenantes sur le développement et la croissance des mycéliums et champignons, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont ajoutés dans leurs milieux de culture ou leurs substrats, et pouvaient donc être utilisés dans les procédés et méthodes d'obtention d'inoculum ou de culture de champignons. The applicant company has in fact discovered that certain terpenes, or the essential oils which are mainly composed of them, have surprising biostimulation capacities on the development and growth of mycelia and fungi, in particular when they are added to their media. culture or their substrates, and could therefore be used in the processes and methods for obtaining inoculum or culture of fungi.
L'utilisation de biostimulants naturels est une réelle innovation pour la production de champignons. L'utilisation de produits à effet biostimulant a un impact majeur sur la production de mycéliums et de champignons. La principale limite des producteurs d'inoculum réside en effet dans leur capacité à produire rapidement, stocker et distribuer leurs mycéliums auprès des producteurs de champignons. L'utilisation des biostimulants selon l'invention permet de réduire le délai entre le début de la production et la distribution, augmentant ainsi la capacité de production des producteurs. De même, pendant la phase de production des champignons, l'ajout des biostimulants dans le substrat de culture permet d'augmenter la vitesse de colonisation du substrat par les mycéliums et ainsi d'initier la fructification et d'amorcer la récolte des champignons plus rapidement, entraînant une augmentation de la production des champignonnistes. L'ajout des biostimulants peut être réalisé au cours des différentes phases d'incubation, jusqu'à la fructification. The use of natural biostimulants is a real innovation for the production of mushrooms. The use of products with a biostimulant effect has a major impact on the production of mycelia and fungi. The main limit of inoculum producers lies in their ability to quickly produce, store and distribute their mycelia to mushroom producers. The use of biostimulants according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the time between the start of production and distribution, thus increasing the production capacity of producers. Similarly, during the mushroom production phase, the addition of biostimulants in the culture substrate makes it possible to increase the speed of colonization of the substrate by the mycelia and thus to initiate fruiting and to initiate the harvest of more mushrooms. rapidly, leading to an increase in the production of mushroom growers. The addition of biostimulants can be carried out during the different incubation phases, until fruiting.
Ainsi, lors d'essais réalisés sur composts, les mycéliums stimulés par les composés et les huiles essentielles sélectionnés selon l'invention, ont pu être observées une augmentation du rendement des cultures, une augmentation de la masse moyenne par champignon et, d'une manière générale, une amélioration de la qualité des champignons récoltés. Thus, during tests carried out on composts, the mycelia stimulated by the compounds and the essential oils selected according to the invention, it was possible to observe an increase in the yield of the crops, an increase in the average mass per mushroom and, on the one hand, generally, an improvement in the quality of the mushrooms harvested.
Les composés et les huiles essentielles sélectionnés dans le cadre de l'invention ont la particularité de présenter un effet fortement biostimulant sur une large plage de concentrations, donc sans risque d'effet inhibiteur en cas de surdosage. The compounds and essential oils selected in the context of the invention have the particularity of exhibiting a strongly biostimulating effect over a wide range of concentrations, therefore without risk of an inhibitory effect in the event of an overdose.
Les composés et les huiles essentielles sélectionnés sont également interchangeables, par exemple en cas de pénurie de l'un d'entre eux. The selected compounds and essential oils are also interchangeable, for example in the event of a shortage of one of them.
Les composés et les huiles essentielles sélectionnés peuvent également être combinés afin d'obtenir dans certains cas des effets de synergie et de résilience accentuée. The selected compounds and essential oils can also be combined in order to obtain, in certain cases, effects of synergy and accentuated resilience.
Les composés et les huiles essentielles sélectionnés permettent également de produire leurs effets sur la croissance des mycéliums et des champignons en conditions moins propices que les conditions normales, telles qu'un abaissement de la température d'incubation d'1 ou 2°C ou un effet de vieillissement. The compounds and essential oils selected also make it possible to produce their effects on the growth of mycelia and fungi under conditions less favorable than normal conditions, such as a lowering of the incubation temperature by 1 or 2°C or a aging effect.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'huile essentielle est choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa. According to one embodiment of the invention, the essential oil is chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le mycélium ou le champignon est choisi parmi les basidiomycètes, en particulier le champignon de Paris, les pleurotes et le shiitake, plus particulièrement Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii et Lentinula edodes.According to one embodiment of the invention, the mycelium or the fungus is chosen from basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, more particularly Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinula edodes.
Lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Agaricus bisporus, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-S-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, préférentiellement bêta-pinène. De manière alternative à l'utilisation de l'huile essentielle, le terpène utilisé est préférentiellement le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta- phellandrène. When the mycelium or the mushroom is Agaricus bisporus, the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-S-carene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-pinene. As an alternative to the use of essential oil, the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene.
En particulier, lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Agaricus bisporus, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa.In particular, when the mycelium or the mushroom is Agaricus bisporus, the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
Lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Pleurotus ostreaus, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, préférentiellement bêta-pinène. De manière alternative à l'utilisation de l'huile essentielle, le terpène utilisé est préférentiellement le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta- phellandrène. When the mycelium or the mushroom is Pleurotus ostreaus, the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-pinene. As an alternative to the use of the essential oil, the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene.
En particulier, lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Pleurotus ostreaus, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa.In particular, when the mycelium or the fungus is Pleurotus ostreaus, the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
Lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Pleurotus eryngii, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement chémotypée bêta-pinène ou bêta-phellandrène, préférentiellement bêta- phellandrène. De manière alternative à l'utilisation de l'huile essentielle, le terpène utilisé est préférentiellement le bêta-pinène ou le bêta-phellandrène. When the mycelium or the fungus is Pleurotus eryngii, the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene or beta-phellandrene, preferentially beta-phellandrene. As an alternative to the use of the essential oil, the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene or beta-phellandrene.
En particulier, lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Pleurotus eryngii, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement choisie parmi Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa. In particular, when the mycelium or the fungus is Pleurotus eryngii, the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
Lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Lentinula edodes, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement chémotypée bêta-pinène. De manière alternative à l'utilisation de l'huile essentielle, le terpène utilisé est préférentiellement le bêta-pinène. When the mycelium or the fungus is Lentinula edodes, the essential oil used is preferentially chemotyped beta-pinene. As an alternative to the use of the essential oil, the terpene used is preferably beta-pinene.
En particulier, lorsque le mycélium ou le champignon est Lentinula edodes, l'huile essentielle utilisée est préférentiellement choisie parmi Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, et Ferula gummosa. L'invention concerne encore une composition de biostimulation du développement et de la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon, qui se caractérise en ce qu'elle comprend : une solution liquide, au moins un terpène choisi parmi le delta-3-carène et le bêta-phellandrène, ou au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, au moins un tensioactif apte à solubiliser le ou les terpènes, ou la ou les huiles essentielles, dans la solution liquide. In particular, when the mycelium or the fungus is Lentinula edodes, the essential oil used is preferably chosen from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, and Ferula gummosa. The invention also relates to a composition for biostimulating the development and growth of a mycelium or a fungus, which is characterized in that it comprises: a liquid solution, at least one terpene chosen from delta-3- carene and beta-phellandrene, or at least one chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene essential oil, or one of their mixtures, at least one surfactant capable of solubilizing the terpene(s), or the or essential oils, in the liquid solution.
En fonction de la nature aqueuse ou autre de la solution liquide, l'homme du métier sera à même de sélectionner, parmi les tensioactifs connus, ceux aptes à solubiliser des terpènes, ou des huiles essentielles, dans la solution. Depending on the aqueous or other nature of the liquid solution, those skilled in the art will be able to select, from known surfactants, those capable of dissolving terpenes, or essential oils, in the solution.
Préférentiellement, le ratio entre le ou les terpènes, ou la ou les huiles essentielles, et le ou les tensioactifs est de 1. Preferably, the ratio between the terpene(s), or the essential oil(s), and the surfactant(s) is 1.
Avantageusement, la composition selon l'invention composée pour 50 % d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, et pour 50 % de savon noir liquide. Advantageously, the composition according to the invention composed for 50% of at least one terpene chosen from delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or at least one essential oil chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta -phellandrène, or one of their mixture, and for 50% liquid black soap.
Préférentiellement, la composition comprend à titre d'huile essentielle, au moins une huile essentielle choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa. Preferably, the composition comprises, as essential oil, at least one essential oil chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
Les huiles essentielles sélectionnées dans le cadre de l'invention, et leurs terpènes, peuvent être utilisées de manière simple et efficace dans les méthodes classiques de production d'inoculum et de production des champignons, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de complexifier ces méthodes. Ainsi, l'invention concerne encore une méthode d'obtention d'un inoculum, de mycélium, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend les étapes suivantes : préparation d'un milieu de culture, ajout, dans le milieu de culture, d'au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, ou d'une composition telle que définie précédemment, inoculation du milieu de culture par des spores ou un inoculum, éventuellement, croissance du mycélium, inoculation d'un substrat de colonisation par le mycélium, obtention d'un inoculum, de mycélium, conditionnement de l'inoculum. The essential oils selected in the context of the invention, and their terpenes, can be used in a simple and effective manner in the conventional methods for the production of inoculum and the production of mushrooms, without it being necessary to complicate these methods. Thus, the invention also relates to a method for obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a culture medium, addition, in the culture medium, of least one essential oil chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or of at least one terpene selected from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixture, or of a composition as defined previously, inoculation of the culture medium with spores or an inoculum, optionally, growth of the mycelium, inoculation of a colonization substrate with the mycelium, obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium , conditioning of the inoculum.
Préférentiellement dans la méthode selon l'invention, l'huile essentielle, le terpène ou la composition sont ajoutés dans le milieu de culture de manière à ce que la concentration de la ou les huiles essentielles, ou la concentration du ou des terpènes, soit comprise entre 20 et 300 pL/L de milieu de culture. Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the essential oil, the terpene or the composition are added to the culture medium so that the concentration of the essential oil(s), or the concentration of the terpene(s), is comprised between 20 and 300 pL/L of culture medium.
Le milieu de culture utilisé est un milieu de culture classiquement utilisé dans la production de mycélium. Il s'agit en particulier, d'un milieu liquide ou gélosé, tels que le bouillon dextrosé à la pomme de terre (PDB) ou la gélose dextrosée à la pomme de terre (PDA). De manière connue, le milieu est stérilisé à l'état liquide. Une fois le milieu stérilisé, la composition selon l'invention est ajoutée puis le milieu est conservé sous forme liquide ou coulé dans des boites de Pétri s'il contient un gélifiant. La solution liquide ou les boites de Pétri sont ensuite inoculées avec des spores ou des inocula solides, et la méthode se poursuit de manière classique. The culture medium used is a culture medium conventionally used in the production of mycelium. It is in particular a liquid or agar medium, such as potato dextrose broth (PDB) or potato dextrose agar (PDA). In known manner, the medium is sterilized in the liquid state. Once the medium has been sterilized, the composition according to the invention is added then the medium is stored in liquid form or poured into Petri dishes if it contains a gelling agent. The liquid solution or Petri dishes are then inoculated with spores or solid inocula, and the method continues in the conventional manner.
La méthode selon l'invention permet de raccourcir de plusieurs jours le délai nécessaire à l'obtention d'inocula, de mycéliums, ou de champignons, commercialisables par les producteurs, par rapport à une méthode classique. La croissance peut être stimulée et augmentée de plus de 50 %, voire de plus de 80 %, par rapport à la croissance obtenue dans une méthode classique, c'est-à-dire sans l'utilisation des terpènes ou huiles essentielles sélectionnés dans le cadre de l'invention. La stimulation de la croissance peut se calculer en mesurant l'envergure ou la masse du mycélium à un instant T, par rapport à un témoin. The method according to the invention makes it possible to shorten by several days the period necessary for obtaining inocula, mycelia, or mushrooms, marketable by the producers, compared to a traditional method. Growth can be stimulated and increased by more than 50%, even more than 80%, compared to the growth obtained in a classic method, that is to say without the use of terpenes or essential oils selected in the framework of the invention. Growth stimulation can be calculated by measuring the size or the mass of the mycelium at a time T, compared to a control.
L'invention concerne encore une méthode de culture de champignons à partir d'un inoculum, de mycélium, qui se caractérise en ce qu'elle comprend les étapes suivantes : préparation d'un substrat de fructification, éventuellement, imprégnation, incorporation, arrosage ou pulvérisation du substrat de fructification par au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, ou par une composition telle que définie précédemment, ensemencement du substrat de fructification par un inoculum, de mycélium préférentiellement obtenu par une méthode selon l'invention, incubation, avec éventuellement, arrosage ou pulvérisation du substrat de fructification par au moins une huile essentielle, ou au moins un terpène ou par une composition telle que définis précédemment, fructification, récolte, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le mycélium ou le champignon est choisi parmi les basidiomycètes, en particulier le champignon de Paris, les pleurotes et le shiitake, plus particulièrement Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii et Lentinula edodes. Les caractéristiques de l'invention mentionnées ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les figures jointes, parmi lesquelles : The invention also relates to a method for growing mushrooms from an inoculum, mycelium, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a fruiting substrate, optionally, impregnation, incorporation, watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate with at least one chemotyped essential oil beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixture, or by a composition as defined above, seeding of the fruiting substrate with an inoculum, of mycelium preferentially obtained by a method according to the invention, incubation, with optional watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate by at least one essential oil, or at least one terpene or by a composition as defined above, fruiting, harvesting, according to one embodiment of the invention, the mycel ium or the mushroom is chosen from the basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster mushrooms and shiitake, more particularly Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinula edodes. The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, said description being made in relation to the appended figures, among which:
[Fig. 1] est une représentation graphique de la stimulation de la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus sur un milieu de culture additionné d'huile essentielle de Pinus ponderosa. [Fig. 1] is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pinus ponderosa.
[Fig. 2] est une représentation graphique de la stimulation de la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus sur un milieu de culture additionné d'huile essentielle de Pinus mugo.[Fig. 2] is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pinus mugo.
[Fig. B] est une représentation graphique de la stimulation de la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus sur un milieu de culture additionné d'huile essentielle de Pseudotsuga menziesii. [Fig. B] is a graphic representation of the stimulation of the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with essential oil of Pseudotsuga menziesii.
[Fig. 4], [Fig. 5] et [Fig. 6] sont des représentations graphiques de la stimulation de la croissance du mycélium de trois souches d'Agaricus bisporus sur un milieu de culture additionné de b- pinène purifié. [Fig. 4], [Fig. 5] and [Fig. 6] are graphic representations of the stimulation of mycelium growth of three strains of Agaricus bisporus on a culture medium supplemented with purified b-pinene.
[Fig. 7] est une représentation graphique de l'inhibition de la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus sur un milieu de culture additionné d'a-pinène purifié. [Fig. 7] is a graphical representation of the growth inhibition of Agaricus bisporus mycelium on a culture medium supplemented with purified α-pinene.
Exemple 1 : Évaluation de la biostimulation de la croissance de mycélium d ’Agaricus bisporusExample 1: Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus
1.1 Protocole expérimental 1.1 Experimental protocol
Préparation d'une composition de biostimulants selon l'invention - Mélanger dans un contenant stérile, le ou les huiles essentielles, ou le ou les terpènes choisis selon l'invention, avec le ou les tensioactifs, à portion égale : Preparation of a composition of biostimulants according to the invention - Mix in a sterile container, the essential oil(s), or the terpene(s) chosen according to the invention, with the surfactant(s), in equal portions:
- Pour obtenir une concentration de la ou les huiles essentielles, ou du ou des terpènes, de 100 pL pour 1 litre de solution, préparer donc 200 pL au total. - To obtain a concentration of the essential oil(s), or of the terpene(s), of 100 pL for 1 liter of solution, therefore prepare 200 pL in total.
Préparation du milieu de culture - Préparer 2 fois 1 litre de PDA selon les instructions du fournisseur, en contenants séparés.Preparation of the culture medium - Prepare 2 times 1 liter of PDA according to the supplier's instructions, in separate containers.
- Stériliser les deux solutions en même temps, 15 minutes à 121°C à l'autoclave. - Sterilize the two solutions at the same time, 15 minutes at 121°C in an autoclave.
Ajout, dans le milieu de culture, de la composition de biostimulants selon l'invention Addition, in the culture medium, of the composition of biostimulants according to the invention
- Attendre que les deux solutions baissent en température, jusqu'à atteindre environ 40°C. - Homogénéiser puis verser la composition de biostimulants, dans un des deux contenants.- Wait for the two solutions to drop in temperature, until they reach around 40°C. - Homogenize then pour the biostimulant composition into one of the two containers.
- Verser le même volume du ou des tensioactifs utilisés, dans le second contenant. - Pour the same volume of the surfactant(s) used into the second container.
- Placer sous agitation, puis couler les 2 litres de solutions dans des boîtes de Pétri annotées.- Place under agitation, then pour the 2 liters of solutions into annotated Petri dishes.
- Placer les boîtes de Pétri dans un incubateur à 23°C ±1°C et 80 % d'humidité. - Place the Petri dishes in an incubator at 23°C ±1°C and 80% humidity.
Inoculation du milieu de culture - Inoculer toutes les boîtes de Pétri avec la souche de champignon sélectionnée. Culture medium inoculation - Inoculate all petri dishes with the selected fungal strain.
- Replacer les boîtes de Pétri dans l'incubateur à 23°C ±1°C et 80 % d'humidité. - Put the Petri dishes back in the incubator at 23°C ±1°C and 80% humidity.
Détermination de la stimulation de la croissance du mycélium Determination of mycelial growth stimulation
- Après 7 jours, tracer le contour du mycélium sous les boîtes de Pétri, avec un marqueur fin.- After 7 days, trace the outline of the mycelium under the Petri dishes, with a fine marker.
- Tracer à nouveau le contour du mycélium après 14 et 21 jours, suivant l'inoculation. - Mesurer sa croissance à 0,5 mm près, sur 4 axes séparés de 90°, pour chaque boîte de Pétri.- Trace the outline of the mycelium again after 14 and 21 days, following inoculation. - Measure its growth to the nearest 0.5 mm, on 4 axes separated by 90°, for each Petri dish.
- Calculer les moyennes de croissance mesurées, puis déterminer le pourcentage d'inhibition ou de biostimulation par rapport au témoin, qui ne contient que le ou les tensioactifs, sans la ou les huiles essentielles, ou le ou les terpènes utilisés. - Calculate the growth averages measured, then determine the percentage of inhibition or biostimulation compared to the control, which contains only the surfactant(s), without the essential oil(s), or the terpene(s) used.
1.2 résultats Les huiles essentielles qui ont été testées et qui ont permis de stimuler le développement et la croissance de mycélium d ’Agaricus bisporus sont présentées dans le Tableau 1 ci-dessous. Le pourcentage de stimulation obtenu ainsi que le chémotype de chaque huile essentielle sont également indiqués. 1.2 Results The essential oils which were tested and which made it possible to stimulate the development and the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus are presented in Table 1 below. the percentage of stimulation obtained as well as the chemotype of each essential oil are also indicated.
Les manipulations pour chaque huile essentielle testée ont été reproduites 40 fois, en utilisant du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus de marque Heirloom, fourni par la société américaine Amycel. [Tab.l] The manipulations for each essential oil tested were reproduced 40 times, using Heirloom brand Agaricus bisporus mycelium, supplied by the American company Amycel. [Table]
On relève, par rapport aux contrôles, une stimulation de la croissance des mycéliums de plus de 35 %. En particulier, les huiles essentielles de Pinus ponderosa, d ’Angelico archangelica et de Pinus mugo se sont montrées extrêmement efficaces avec un taux de stimulation de la croissance de 82 %, de 75 % et de 67 %, respectivement. Ces huiles essentielles sont chémotypées b-pinène, b-phellandrène ou d-3-carène. Compared to the controls, there is a stimulation of the growth of the mycelia of more than 35%. In particular, Pinus ponderosa, Angelico archangelica, and Pinus mugo essential oils were found to be extremely effective with growth stimulation rates of 82%, 75%, and 67%, respectively. These essential oils are chemotyped b-pinene, b-phellandrene or d-3-carene.
Les figures 1, 2 et 3 illustrent les croissances moyennes du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus sur leur milieu de culture additionné d'huiles essentielles de Pinus ponderosa (figure 1), de Pinus mugo (figure 2) et de Pseudotsuga menziesii (figure 3). À titre de comparaison, les huiles essentielles indiquées dans le Tableau 2 ont quant à elles montré un effet inhibiteur, ou n'ont montré aucun effet significatif, sur la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus. Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate the average growths of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus on their culture medium supplemented with essential oils of Pinus ponderosa (figure 1), Pinus mugo (figure 2) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (figure 3) . By way of comparison, the essential oils indicated in Table 2 showed an inhibitory effect, or showed no significant effect, on the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus.
[Ta b.2] [Ta b.2]
Exemple 2 : Évaluation de la biostimulation de la croissance de mycélium de Pleurotus ostreaus 2.1 Protocole expérimental Le protocole expérimental est identique à celui de l'exemple 1. Example 2: Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreaus 2.1 Experimental protocol The experimental protocol is identical to that of Example 1.
2.2 Résultats 2.2 Results
Les huiles essentielles qui ont été testées et qui ont permis de stimuler le développement et la croissance de mycélium de Pleurotus ostreaus sont présentées dans le Tableau 3 ci-dessous. Le pourcentage de stimulation obtenu ainsi que le chémotype de chaque huile essentielle sont également indiqués. The essential oils which have been tested and which have stimulated the development and growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreaus are presented in Table 3 below. The percentage of stimulation obtained as well as the chemotype of each essential oil are also indicated.
Les manipulations pour chaque huile essentielle testée ont été reproduites 4 fois, en utilisant du mycélium de Pleurotus ostreaus fourni par la société autrichienne Glückspilze. The manipulations for each essential oil tested were reproduced 4 times, using Pleurotus ostreaus mycelium supplied by the Austrian company Glückspilze.
[Ta b.3] [Ta b.3]
On relève, par rapport aux contrôles, une stimulation de la croissance des mycéliums de plus de 30 %. En particulier, les huiles essentielles de Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo et Pseudotsuga menziesii se sont montrées extrêmement efficaces avec un taux de stimulation de la croissance de 61 %, de 52 % et de 48 %, respectivement. Ces huiles essentielles sont chémotypées b- pinène, d-3-carène ou b-phellandrène. Compared to the controls, there is a stimulation of the growth of the mycelia of more than 30%. In particular, the essential oils of Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo and Pseudotsuga menziesii have been shown to be extremely effective with a rate of growth stimulation 61%, 52% and 48%, respectively. These essential oils are chemotyped b-pinene, d-3-carene or b-phellandrene.
Exemple 3 : Évaluation de la biostimulation de la croissance de mycélium de Pleurotus eryngii 3.1 Protocole expérimental Example 3: Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium 3.1 Experimental protocol
Le protocole expérimental est identique à celui de l'exemple 1. The experimental protocol is identical to that of example 1.
3.2 Résultats 3.2 Results
Les huiles essentielles qui ont été testées et qui ont permis de stimuler le développement et la croissance de mycélium de Pleurotus eryngii sont présentées dans le Tableau 4 ci-dessous. Le pourcentage de stimulation obtenu ainsi que le chémotype de chaque huile essentielle sont également indiqués. The essential oils which have been tested and which have stimulated the development and growth of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium are presented in Table 4 below. The percentage of stimulation obtained as well as the chemotype of each essential oil are also indicated.
Les manipulations pour chaque huile essentielle testée ont été reproduites 4 fois, en utilisant du mycélium de Pleurotus eryngii fourni par la société autrichienne Glückspilze. The manipulations for each essential oil tested were reproduced 4 times, using Pleurotus eryngii mycelium supplied by the Austrian company Glückspilze.
[Tab.4) [Tab.4)
On relève, par rapport aux contrôles, une stimulation de la croissance des mycéliums de plus de 35 %. En particulier, les huiles essentielles Angelica archangelica et de Ferula gummosa se sont montrées extrêmement efficaces avec un taux de stimulation de la croissance de 54 % et de 35 %, respectivement. Ces huiles essentielles sont chémotypées b-phellandrène ou b-pinène. À titre de comparaison, les huiles essentielles de Trachyspermum ammi, chémotypée thymol, et d'Artemisia dracunculus, chémotypée méthylchavicol, ont été testées et ont quant à elles montré un effet inhibiteur sur la croissance de mycélium de Pleurotus eryngii. Exemple 4 : Évaluation de la biostimulation de la croissance de mycélium de Lentinula edodesCompared to the controls, there is a stimulation of the growth of the mycelia of more than 35%. In particular, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa essential oils have been shown to be extremely effective with growth stimulation rates of 54% and 35%, respectively. These essential oils are chemotyped b-phellandrene or b-pinene. By way of comparison, the essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi, chemotyped thymol, and of Artemisia dracunculus, chemotyped methylchavicol, were tested and showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium. Example 4: Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium
4.1 Protocole expérimental 4.1 Experimental protocol
Le protocole expérimental est identique à celui de l'exemple 1. The experimental protocol is identical to that of example 1.
4.2 Résultats 4.2 Results
Les huiles essentielles qui ont été testées et qui ont permis de stimuler le développement et la croissance de mycélium de Lentinula edodes sont présentées dans le Tableau 5 ci-dessous. Le pourcentage de stimulation obtenu ainsi que le chémotype de chaque huile essentielle sont également indiqués. The essential oils which have been tested and which have stimulated the development and growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium are presented in Table 5 below. The percentage of stimulation obtained as well as the chemotype of each essential oil are also indicated.
Les manipulations pour chaque huile essentielle testée ont été reproduites 4 fois, en utilisant du mycélium de Lentinula edodes fourni par la société autrichienne Glückspilze. [Tab.5] On relève, par rapport aux contrôles, une stimulation de la croissance des mycéliums de plus de 10 %. En particulier, les huiles essentielles de Pseudotsuga menziesii et de Ferula gummosa se sont montrées efficaces avec un taux de stimulation de la croissance de 20 % et de 18 %, respectivement. Ces huiles essentielles sont toutes chémotypées b-pinène. The manipulations for each essential oil tested were reproduced 4 times, using Lentinula edodes mycelium supplied by the Austrian company Glückspilze. [Tab.5] Compared to the controls, a stimulation of the growth of the mycelia of more than 10% is noted. In particular, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Ferula gummosa essential oils have been shown to be effective with a growth stimulation rate of 20% and 18%, respectively. These essential oils are all chemotyped b-pinene.
Exemple 5 : Évaluation de la biostimulation de la croissance de mycélium de Agaricus bisporus par le b-pinène. Example 5: Evaluation of the biostimulation of the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus by b-pinene.
5.1 Protocole expérimental 5.1 Experimental protocol
Le protocole expérimental est identique à celui de l'exemple 1. Les essais ont été réalisés sur trois souches d 'Agaricus bisporus (de marques Heirloom et TripleX de la société Amycel et Tuscan de la société Sylvan) avec le terpène purifié b-pinène.The experimental protocol is identical to that of example 1. The tests were carried out on three strains of Agaricus bisporus (brands Heirloom and TripleX from the company Amycel and Tuscan from the company Sylvan) with the purified terpene b-pinene.
5.2 Résultats 5.2 Results
Les figures 4, 5 et 6 illustrent les croissances moyennes du mycélium d 'Agaricus bisporus de marque Heirloom (figure 4), d 'Agaricus bisporus de marque TripleX (figure 5), d 'Agaricus bisporus de marque Tuscan (figure 6), sur leur milieu de culture additionné de b-pinène purifié, à une concentration de 40 ou de 80 pL/L pour Agaricus bisporus de marques Heirloom et TripleX, et à une concentration de 80 ou de 100 pL/L pour Agaricus bisporus de marque Tuscan.Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the average mycelium growths of Heirloom brand Agaricus bisporus (Figure 4), TripleX brand Agaricus bisporus (Figure 5), Tuscan brand Agaricus bisporus (Figure 6), on their culture medium supplemented with purified b-pinene, at a concentration of 40 or 80 μL/L for Heirloom and TripleX brand Agaricus bisporus, and at a concentration of 80 or 100 μL/L for Tuscan brand Agaricus bisporus.
On observe pour les trois souches d 'Agaricus bisporus un effet très marqué de biostimulation de la croissance des mycéliums biostimulés par le b-pinène, cet effet étant renforcé en augmentant la concentration de b-pinène. A very marked effect of biostimulation of the growth of mycelia biostimulated by b-pinene is observed for the three strains of Agaricus bisporus, this effect being reinforced by increasing the concentration of b-pinene.
Exemple 6 : Comparaison des effets sur la croissance de mycélium de Agaricus bisporus du b- pinène et de Ga-pinène. Example 6: Comparison of the effects on the growth of mycelium of Agaricus bisporus of b-pinene and of Ga-pinene.
6.1 Protocole expérimental Le protocole expérimental est identique à celui de l'exemple 1. 6.1 Experimental protocol The experimental protocol is identical to that of Example 1.
Les essais ont été réalisés sur la souche d'Agaricus bisporus de marque TripleX de la société Amycel avec les terpènes purifiés b-pinène et a-pinène, à la concentration de 40pL/L. The tests were carried out on the Agaricus bisporus strain of the TripleX brand from the company Amycel with the purified terpenes b-pinene and a-pinene, at a concentration of 40 μL/L.
6.2 résultats Les résultats sont présentés sur les figures 5 et 7. 6.2 results The results are presented in figures 5 and 7.
Cet essai met en lumière les effets antagonistes de ces 2 terpènes sur la croissance du mycélium d'Agaricus bisporus. En effet, I'a-pinène produit un effet inhibiteur sur la croissance du mycélium alors que le b-pinène produit un effet biostimulant sur la croissance du mycélium, comme indiqué dans l'exemple 5. This test highlights the antagonistic effects of these 2 terpenes on the growth of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus. In fact, α-pinene produces an inhibitory effect on the growth of the mycelium, whereas b-pinene produces a biostimulant effect on the growth of the mycelium, as indicated in example 5.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Utilisation d'au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3- carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, pour la stimulation du développement et de la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon. 1) Use of at least one essential oil chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixture, for the stimulation of the development and the growth of a mycelium or a mushroom.
2) Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'huile essentielle est choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa. 2) Use according to claim 1, wherein the essential oil is chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
3) Utilisation d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, pour la stimulation du développement et de la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon. 3) Use of at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixtures, for the stimulation of the development and growth of a mycelium or of a mushroom.
4) Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le mycélium ou le champignon est choisi parmi les basidiomycètes, en particulier le champignon de Paris, les pleurotes et le shiitake, plus particulièrement Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii et Lentinula edodes. 4) Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mycelium or the fungus is chosen from basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster mushrooms and shiitake, more particularly Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinula edodes.
5) Composition de biostimulation du développement et de la croissance d'un mycélium ou d'un champignon, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : une solution liquide, au moins un terpène choisi parmi le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta- phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, au moins un tensioactif apte à solubiliser le ou les terpènes, ou la ou les huiles essentielles, dans la solution liquide. 6) Composition selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'huile essentielle est choisie parmi Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica et Ferula gummosa.5) Composition for biostimulation of the development and growth of a mycelium or a fungus, characterized in that it comprises: a liquid solution, at least one terpene chosen from delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene , or at least one chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene essential oil, or one of their mixtures, at least one surfactant capable of solubilizing the terpene(s), or the essential oil(s), in the liquid solution. 6) Composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the essential oil is chosen from Pinus ponderosa, Pinus mugo, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies alba, Picea glauca, Angelica archangelica and Ferula gummosa.
7) Composition selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que le ratio entre le ou les terpènes, ou la ou les huiles essentielles, et le ou les tensioactifs est de 1. 7) Composition according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the ratio between the terpene(s), or the essential oil(s), and the surfactant(s) is 1.
8) Composition selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée pour 50 % d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou d'au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, et pour 50 % de savon noir liquide. 8) Composition according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it is composed for 50% of at least one terpene chosen from delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or of at least one chemotyped beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene essential oil, or one of their mixtures, and 50% liquid black soap.
9) Méthode d'obtention d'un inoculum, de mycélium caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend les étapes suivantes : préparation d'un milieu de culture, ajout dans le milieu de culture d'au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta- pinène, delta-3-carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou d'au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, ou d'une composition selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, inoculation du milieu de culture par des spores ou un inoculum, éventuellement, croissance du mycélium, inoculation d'un substrat de colonisation par le mycélium obtention d'un inoculum, de mycélium conditionnement de l'inoculum. 10) Méthode selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la ou les huiles essentielles, le ou lesdits terpènes, ou ladite composition, sont ajoutés dans le milieu de culture de manière à ce que la concentration de la ou les huiles essentielles, ou la concentration du ou des terpènes, soit comprise entre 20 et 300 pL/L de milieu de culture. 9) Method for obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a culture medium, addition to the culture medium of at least one chemotyped beta-pinene essential oil, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or of at least one terpene chosen from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of their mixtures, or of a composition according to one of claims 5 to 8, inoculation of the culture medium with spores or an inoculum, optionally, growth of the mycelium, inoculation of a substrate for colonization by the mycelium obtaining an inoculum, of mycelium conditioning of the inoculum . 10) Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the essential oil or oils, the said terpene or terpenes, or the said composition, are added to the culture medium so that the concentration of the essential oil or oils, or the concentration of the terpene(s), i.e. between 20 and 300 pL/L of culture medium.
11) Méthode de culture de champignons à partir d'un inoculum, de mycélium, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend les étapes suivantes : préparation d'un substrat de fructification, éventuellement, imprégnation, incorporation, arrosage ou pulvérisation du substrat de fructification par au moins une huile essentielle chémotypée bêta-pinène, delta-3- carène ou bêta-phellandrène, ou au moins un terpène choisi parmi le bêta-pinène, le delta-3-carène ou le bêta-phellandrène, ou l'un de leur mélange, ou par une composition selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, ensemencement du substrat de fructification par un inoculum, de mycélium obtenu par une méthode selon la revendication 9, incubation, avec éventuellement, arrosage ou pulvérisation du substrat de fructification par au moins une huile essentielle, ou au moins un terpène ou une composition tels que définis précédemment, fructification récolte. 11) Method for growing mushrooms from an inoculum, mycelium, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparation of a fruiting substrate, optionally, impregnation, incorporation, watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate by at least one beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene chemotyped essential oil, or at least one terpene selected from beta-pinene, delta-3-carene or beta-phellandrene, or one of them mixture, or by a composition according to one of Claims 5 to 8, inoculation of the fruiting substrate with an inoculum, of mycelium obtained by a method according to Claim 9, incubation, optionally with watering or spraying of the fruiting substrate with at at least one essential oil, or at least one terpene or a composition as defined above, fruiting harvest.
12) Méthode selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que laquelle le mycélium ou le champignon est choisi parmi les basidiomycètes, en particulier le champignon de Paris, les pleurotes et le shiitake, plus particulièrement Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii et Lentinula edodes. 12) Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that which the mycelium or the fungus is chosen from basidiomycetes, in particular button mushroom, oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, more particularly Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreaus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinula edodes.
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CN107466677A (en) * 2017-08-22 2017-12-15 张桂清 A kind of method of cedar sawdust cultivating ganoderma
EP3989724A4 (en) * 2019-06-25 2022-08-10 Greenpro Solutions Pty Ltd Pine oil-based herbicide

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