EP4352869A1 - Anordnung und verfahren zum ansteuern eines modularen multilevelstromrichters - Google Patents
Anordnung und verfahren zum ansteuern eines modularen multilevelstromrichtersInfo
- Publication number
- EP4352869A1 EP4352869A1 EP21769070.0A EP21769070A EP4352869A1 EP 4352869 A1 EP4352869 A1 EP 4352869A1 EP 21769070 A EP21769070 A EP 21769070A EP 4352869 A1 EP4352869 A1 EP 4352869A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- modules
- connection
- module connection
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for controlling a modular multilevel power converter.
- Modular multilevel power converters have a plurality of modules in an electrical series connection, the modules each having at least two electronic switching elements and an electrical energy store. Modular multilevel converters can have one or more such series connections. Appropriate control of the modules ensures that the individual modules can effectively switch the voltage of their energy store into the series connection or switch the voltage of their energy store out of the series connection if required.
- switching signals for the switching elements of the modules of the phase module are determined.
- the switching elements of the modules are controlled by these switching signals in such a way that they switch the energy storage device into the series connection (so that the voltage of the energy storage device in the series connection becomes effective) or bridge the energy storage device (so that the voltage of the energy storage device in the series connection is ineffective, i H. does not take effect in the series connection) .
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and an arrangement with which the modular multilevel converter can be controlled comparatively quickly.
- a method for driving a modular multilevel power converter which has at least one electrical Has henschalt of modules, the modules each having at least two electronic switching elements and an electrical energy store, wherein in the method
- Switching signals (control signals) for the switching elements of the modules of the series connection are determined by means of a switching element control (control circuit, logic circuit) from the voltage setpoints, wherein
- the regulation and the switching element control are carried out by means of a (single) programmable single-chip processor system (system-on-a-programmable chip).
- the regulation and the switching element control are carried out by means of the programmable single-chip processor system integrated on a single semiconductor chip, the regulation and the switching element control can be carried out very quickly. In this way, in particular, a long signal transmission time between the regulation and the switching element activation can be avoided.
- the procedure can be carried out in such a way that
- the programmable single-chip processor system has at least one processor and a programmable logic circuit (which can also be referred to as a programmable logic gate array), the regulation being carried out by means of the at least one processor and the switching element control being carried out by means of the programmable logic circuit becomes .
- a programmable logic circuit which can also be referred to as a programmable logic gate array
- the regulation being carried out by means of the at least one processor
- the switching element control being carried out by means of the programmable logic circuit becomes .
- the comparatively more universal but slower processor is only used for the regulation, whereas the comparatively faster programmable logic circuit is advantageously used for the control of the switching elements.
- the procedure can be carried out in such a way that
- the programmable logic circuit is connected downstream of the at least one processor (signal flow-related in the direction of the modular multi-level converter). The procedure can be carried out in such a way that
- the modules each have a first module connection and a second module connection and are set up to output the voltage zero or at least the voltage of the energy store in one polarity between the first module connection and the second module connection.
- the modules can have an energy store and the voltage of zero or the voltage of this one energy store can be output in one polarity.
- An example of such a module is a half-bridge module.
- the modules can also have several energy stores (in particular two energy stores) and the voltage zero, the voltage of one of the energy stores in one polarity or the sum of the voltages of the several energy stores in one polarity can be output.
- the procedure can also be carried out in such a way that
- the modules each have a first module connection, a second module connection and two further electronic switching elements and are set up to have zero voltage between the first module connection and the second module connection, at least the voltage of the energy store in one polarity or at least the voltage of the energy store in of the opposite polarity.
- the modules can have an energy store and the voltage of zero or the voltage of this one energy store can be output in both polarities.
- An example of such a module is a full bridge module.
- the modules can also have several energy stores
- the voltage of one of the energy stores in both polarities or the sum of the voltages of the several energy stores in both polarities can be output.
- the procedure can be carried out in such a way that -
- the multilevel converter has a plurality of series circuits of modules which are arranged in a bridge circuit, a delta circuit or a matrix circuit.
- the procedure can be carried out in such a way that
- the switching signals are transmitted to the modules of the series circuit (more precisely, to the switching elements of the modules of the series circuit are transmitted).
- the switching elements are switched on or off by the switching signals.
- the procedure can also be carried out in such a way that
- Also disclosed is an arrangement for driving a modular multilevel power converter which has at least one electrical series connection of modules, the modules each having at least two electronic switching elements and an electrical energy store,
- the arrangement can be designed in such a way that
- the programmable single-chip processor system has at least one processor and a programmable logic circuit, wherein the at least one processor is set up to carry out the regulation and the programmable logic circuit is set up to carry out the switching element control.
- the arrangement can also be designed in such a way that
- the programmable logic circuit is connected downstream of the at least one processor.
- the arrangement can be designed in such a way that
- the modules each have a first module connection and a second module connection and are set up to output the voltage zero or at least the voltage of the energy store in one polarity between the first module connection and the second module connection.
- the arrangement can be designed in such a way that
- the modules additionally have at least two further electronic switching elements and are set up to output zero voltage, at least the voltage of the energy store in one polarity or at least the voltage of the energy store in the opposite polarity between the first module connection and the second module connection.
- the arrangement can be designed in such a way that
- the multilevel converter has a plurality of series circuits of modules which are arranged in a bridge circuit, a delta circuit or a matrix circuit.
- the arrangement can also have sensors for determining measured values of electrical quantities occurring at the multilevel converter. These measured values can be used as input variables for the control.
- Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a modular multilevel converter
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a module of the modular multilevel power converter
- FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of a module of the modular multilevel power converter, in
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement and a method for controlling the modular multilevel converter
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary timing that occurs when driving the modular multilevel converter.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a modular multilevel power converter 1 .
- This multilevel converter 1 has a first AC voltage connection 5 , a second AC voltage connection 7 and a third AC voltage connection 9 .
- the first AC voltage connection 5 is electrically connected to a first phase module branch 11 and a second phase module branch 13 .
- the first phase module branch 11 and the second phase module branch 13 form a first phase module 15 of the power converter 1 .
- the end of the first phase module branch 11 facing away from the first AC voltage connection 5 is electrically connected to a first DC voltage connection 16; that end of the second phase module branch 13 which is remote from the first AC voltage connection 5 is electrically connected to a second DC voltage connection 17 .
- the first DC voltage connection 16 is a positive DC voltage connection; the second DC voltage connection 17 is a negative DC voltage connection.
- the second AC voltage connection 7 is electrically connected to one end of a third phase module branch 18 and to one end of a fourth phase module branch 21 .
- the third Phase module branch 18 and the fourth phase module branch 21 form a second phase module 24.
- the third AC voltage connection 9 is electrically connected to one end of a fifth phase module branch 27 and to one end of a sixth phase module branch 29.
- the fifth phase module branch 27 and the sixth phase module branch 29 form a third phase module 31.
- the end of the third phase module branch 18 facing away from the second AC voltage connection 7 and the end of the fifth phase module branch 27 facing away from the third AC voltage connection 9 are electrically connected to the first DC voltage connection 16 .
- the end of the fourth phase module branch 21 facing away from the second AC voltage connection 7 and the end of the sixth phase module branch 29 facing away from the third AC voltage connection 9 are electrically connected to the second DC voltage connection 17 .
- the first phase module branch 11, the third phase module branch 18 and the fifth phase module branch 27 form a positive-side converter part 32; the second phase module branch 13, the fourth phase module branch 21 and the sixth phase module branch 29 form a negative-side converter part 33.
- Each phase module branch has a plurality of modules (1_1, 1_2, 1_3, 1_4...1_n; 2_1...2_n; etc.) which are electrically connected in series (by means of their module connections).
- This plurality of modules thus forms an electrical series connection.
- the modules 1_1, 1_2, 1_3, 1_4 ... l_n form a first series connection 35; together with an inductor L, this series circuit 35 forms the first phase module branch 11.
- the modules 2_1, 2_2, 2_3, 2_4 ... 2_n form a second series circuit 36; this second series circuit 36 forms, together with a further inductance L, the second phase module branch 13, etc.
- the other phase module branches 18, 21, 27 and 29 are constructed in the same way.
- each series connection has n modules; Each phase module branch therefore has n modules connected in series.
- the number of modules electrically connected in series by means of their module connections can be very different, at least three modules are connected in series, but it is also possible, for example, for 50, 100 or more modules to be electrically connected in series.
- the modules are also referred to as submodules.
- a first phase current iL1 flows through the first AC voltage connection 5;
- a second phase current iL2 flows through the second AC voltage connection 7 and a third phase current iL3 flows through the third AC voltage connection 9 .
- a first phase voltage uL1 against the reference potential (for example earth) occurs at the first AC voltage connection 5;
- a second phase voltage uL2 occurs at the second AC voltage connection 7 and a third phase voltage uL3 occurs at the third AC voltage connection 7 .
- a first branch current iCl (series circuit current iCl) flows through the first series circuit 35 (here: through the first phase module branch 11);
- a second branch current iC2 etc. flows through the second series connection 36 (here: through the second phase module branch 13).
- a first branch voltage uCl (first series circuit voltage uCl) occurs at the first series circuit 35 (here: at the first phase module branch 11);
- a second branch voltage uC2 (second series circuit voltage uC2) occurs at the second series circuit 36 (here: at the second phase module branch 13), etc.
- a direct voltage UDC occurs between the first direct voltage connection 16 and the second direct voltage connection 17 .
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a module 200 of the modular multilevel power converter 1 .
- the module can be, for example, one of the modules 1_1 . . . 6_n shown in FIG.
- the module 200 is designed as a half-bridge module 200 .
- the module 200 has a first electronic switching element 202 (which can be switched off) (first semiconductor valve 202 which can be switched off) with a first diode 204 connected antiparallel.
- the module 200 has a second electronic switching element 206 (which can be switched off) (second semiconductor valve 206 which can be switched off) with a second diode 208 connected antiparallel and an electrical energy store 210 in the form of a capacitor 210 .
- the first electronic switching element 202 and the second electronic switching element 206 are each configured as an IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor).
- the first electronic switching element 202 is electrically connected in series with the second electronic switching element 206 .
- a first galvanic module connection 212 is arranged at the connection point between the two electronic switching elements 202 and 206 .
- a second galvanic module connection 215 is arranged at the connection of the second electronic switching element 206 , which is opposite the connection point.
- the second module connection 215 is also electrically connected to a first connection of the energy store 210; a second connection of the energy store 210 is electrically connected to the connection of the first electronic switching element 202 which is opposite the connection point.
- the energy store 210 is therefore connected electrically in parallel to the series connection made up of the first electronic switching element 202 and the second electronic switching element 206 .
- a switching element control switching element control device
- the respective desired output voltage ucx can be branched off to the individual phase module and the output voltage of the converter can thus also be generated.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a module 300 of the modular multilevel converter.
- the module 300 can be, for example, one of the modules 1_1 . . . 6_n shown in FIG.
- the module 300 shown in Figure 3 has a third electronic switching element 302 with a third freewheeling diode 304 connected in anti-parallel as well as a fourth electronic switching element 306 with a fourth freewheeling diode 308 connected in antiparallel.
- the third electronic switching element 302 and the fourth electronic switching element 306 are each designed as an IGBT.
- the second module connection 315 is not electrically connected to the second electronic switching element 206, but to a midpoint (connection point ) of an electrical series connection made up of the third electronic switching element 302 and the fourth electronic switching element 306.
- the module 300 in FIG. 3 is what is known as a full-bridge module 300 .
- This full-bridge module 300 is characterized in that, with appropriate control of the four electronic switching elements between the first (galvanic) module connection 212 and the second (galvanic) module connection 315, either the positive voltage of the energy store 210, the negative voltage of the energy store 210 or a voltage of zero value (zero voltage) can be issued. The polarity of the output voltage can thus be reversed by means of the full bridge module 300 .
- modules of modular multilevel power converters can, for example, have more than one energy store, for example two energy stores or more than two energy stores.
- the voltage zero, the voltage of one of the energy stores in one polarity or in both polarities, or the sum of the voltages of the several energy stores in one polarity or in both polarities can be output between the first module connection and the second module connection become .
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement 405 and a method for driving the modular multilevel converter 1 .
- the modular multilevel converter 1 only the first series circuit 35 with the modules 1_1 to l_n is shown in FIG.
- the arrangement 405 has a controller 410 and a switching element control 413 .
- the regulation 410 and the switching element control 413 are arranged on a programmable single-chip processor system 417 .
- the regulation 410 and the switching element control 413 are thus carried out or executed by the programmable single-chip processor system 417. are realized by means of the one-chip processor system 417.
- the programmable single-chip processor system 417 has at least one processor 420 and a programmable logic circuit 423 (for example a so-called programmable logic gate array 423, which is also referred to as a "field programmable gate array").
- the processor is 420
- the programmable logic circuit 423 is set up by means of a corresponding program to carry out the regulation. carry out the switching element control. For this purpose, the logic functions required for driving the switching elements are coded using a suitable programming language and loaded into the programmable logic circuit during programming.
- the programmable logic circuit is, so to speak, a logic circuit that can be individually configured (composed) by the end user from individual logic commands/logic elements and that immediately (i.e. very quickly) provides an output signal at its outputs after input signals have been applied to its inputs.
- the programmable logic circuit 423 is connected downstream of the at least one processor 420 (in terms of signal flow in the direction of the modular multilevel converter).
- the modular multilevel converter is controlled as follows. First, measured values of electrical quantities occurring at the multilevel converter are determined by means of sensors. These electrical quantities are the phase currents iLl, iL2, iL3, the phase voltages uLl, uL2, uL3, the branch currents iCl...iC6 and the DC voltage UDC. The measured values of these variables form input variables for the controller 410 .
- the energy storage voltages uS 1 . . . uSn occurring at the energy stores of the individual modules are measured and these measured values are transmitted to the programmable logic circuit 423 .
- the programmable logic circuit 423 sums the energy storage voltages uSl...usn of each series circuit to form a total energy storage voltage ussum of the series circuit. This total energy storage voltage ussum is then transmitted to the controller 410 as a further input variable.
- the summation of the energy storage voltages uS l . a separate summary screen can also be used for this.
- Other input variables are target values iLl*, iL2* and iL3* for the phase currents iLl, iL2 and iL3 .
- the input variables are read in by the controller.
- control 410 determines desired values uCl*...uC6* for branch voltages uCl...uC6, i. H .
- the details of the regulation method are irrelevant in the context of this description; the control is not restricted to a specific control method.
- a wide variety of configurations of such control methods are known to those skilled in the art.
- a control method with multiple feedbacks can be used, ie, for example, with an inner control loop and one or more outer control loops.
- the target values uCl*...uC6* for the branch voltages uCl...uC6 are then transmitted to the programmable logic circuit 423 and form input variables for the logic circuit 423.
- the logic circuit 423 performs the switching element driving, i . H .
- the logic circuit 423 determines from the desired voltage values uC1* ... uC6* switching signals S (control signals S) for the switching elements of the modules of the six series circuits. In this way, it is determined which modules of the respective series connection must be switched on or off so that the voltage occurring across the series connection follows the desired voltage value for this series connection. This process is also known as modulation.
- the control of the switching elements is carried out in the programmable logic circuit 423 as a pure combination of logic operations; no regulation is necessary in this case.
- the switching signals S are then transmitted to the modules of the series connection. More precisely, the switching signals S are transmitted to the switching elements of the modules in the series connection.
- the switching elements are switched on or off accordingly by the switching signals, so that the branch voltage uCx corresponding to the desired voltage value uCx* occurs in the series circuit.
- the logical operations to be carried out in detail in the logic circuit 423 are within the scope of this description irrelevant; control is not limited to specific logical operations.
- FIG. 5 the timing that occurs when the modular multilevel converter 1 according to FIG. 4 is driven is shown qualitatively by way of example.
- the input variables for the control are read into the processor 420 in a first time interval t1.
- the controller 410 is executed in the processor 420 and the desired voltage values uc1* . . . uc6* are determined as the output variable.
- the desired voltage values uc1*...uc6* are transmitted to the programmable logic circuit 423.
- the switching element control 413 is carried out in the programmable logic circuit 423 .
- the switching signals S are transmitted to the modules of the series connection. The switching elements of the modules in the series connection are then switched on or off by the switching signals S.
- the third time segment t3 and the fourth time segment t4 are comparatively short.
- the third period of time t3 (transmission of the desired voltage values uc1*...uc6* from the processor 420 to the programmable logic circuit 423) is advantageously short because the processor 420 and the programmable logic circuit 423 are located on a common semiconductor chip (single-chip process sorsystem) and therefore the transmission paths are very short.
- the fourth time period t4 (performing the switching element control 413 in the programmable logic circuit 423) is advantageously short because the programmable logic circuit 423 in a single clock step (or in a few clock steps) by means of the programmed logic from the voltage setpoints ucl * ... uc6 * the switching signals S determined .
- a programmable single-chip processor system which has a monolithic integration of one or more processors and at least one programmable logic circuit on a single (circuit) chip.
- SoC programmable single-chip processor system
- the monolithic integration can also include other components, such as memories, clock generators, bus systems, etc. This enables a high processing speed.
- the regulation is carried out on one or more processors of the programmable single-chip processor system and the switching element control based on logic operations is carried out in the programmable logic circuit of the programmable single-chip processor system.
- programmable logic circuits iLl, iL2, iL3 phase currents iLl*, iL2*, iL3* target values for phase currents uLl, uL2, uL3 phase voltages iCl ... iC6 branch currents uCl ... uC6 branch voltages uCl * ... uC6* Target values for branch voltages
- UDC DC voltage uS l ... uSn Energy storage voltages us sum Energy storage rather total voltage L Inductance tl ... t5 time periods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/073045 WO2023020696A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Anordnung und verfahren zum ansteuern eines modularen multilevelstromrichters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4352869A1 true EP4352869A1 (de) | 2024-04-17 |
Family
ID=77710729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21769070.0A Withdrawn EP4352869A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Anordnung und verfahren zum ansteuern eines modularen multilevelstromrichters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4352869A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023020696A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9444320B1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2016-09-13 | Performance Controls, Inc. | Power controller having active voltage balancing of a power supply |
| US10069430B2 (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2018-09-04 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Modular converter with multilevel submodules |
| TWI530082B (zh) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-04-11 | 國立清華大學 | 可允許電感值變化之三相模組化多階換流器電流控制方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-08-19 WO PCT/EP2021/073045 patent/WO2023020696A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-19 EP EP21769070.0A patent/EP4352869A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023020696A1 (de) | 2023-02-23 |
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