Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
  • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
  • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
  • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
  • B29C65/3636—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising independent continuous fibre-reinforcements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
  • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
  • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
  • B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
  • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
  • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
  • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
  • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
  • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
  • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
  • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
  • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
  • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
  • B29C66/3474—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients perpendicular to the plane of the joint
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
  • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
  • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
  • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
  • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
  • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
  • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
  • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
  • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
  • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
  • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
  • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
  • B29C66/8183—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects
  • B29C66/81835—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects of the clamps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
  • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
  • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
  • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
  • B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
  • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
  • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
  • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
  • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
  • B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
  • B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
  • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
  • B29L2031/3082—Fuselages
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
  • B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
  • B64C1/12—Construction or attachment of skin panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
  • B64C2001/0054—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
  • B64C2001/0072—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
  • B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
  • B64F5/10—Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an installation for dynamic induction welding of two parts made of composite material comprising a thermoplastic polymer material, including a part comprising a part to be welded and a part which is not to be welded.
• the invention also relates to a welding process using this installation. This installation and this process can be implemented in the context of the welding of parts intended for the aeronautical sector, but also for the automotive sector, wind power and any other industrial sector.
• Another technique which consists in placing the parts in an oven for several hours, for example 8 hours, in order to consolidate them by melting their matrix in order to assemble the parts together.
• this technique increases the processing time, the energy required for its implementation, and is not easy to implement for large parts.
• thermoplastic polymer matrix are increasingly used in industrial fields, in particular for their advantageous mechanical properties.
• LSP lightning protection system
• the targeting of induction heating on the interface between the two parts is further complicated. Indeed, such a lightning protection system forces the inductor to be positioned close to the first and second parts at the level of their surface to be welded, which generates overheating problems, in particular in parts which are not solder.
• the present invention achieves this in whole or in part thanks to, according to one of its aspects, an installation for dynamic welding by induction of a first part on a second part, the first and second parts each comprising a composite material comprising fibers reinforcement and a thermoplastic polymer material, the first part comprising at least one core and one sole, the sole having a surface to be welded to the second part and a surface opposite the surface to be welded, the installation comprising:
• passive magnetic field damper configured and arranged so as to make it possible to create a reaction magnetic field opposing at least partially, in particular totally, the magnetic field created by the induction heating device in at least a part of the core located close to the surface to be welded of the first part.
• Passive magnetic field damper means an element that does not provide additional power to the installation.
• the induction heating device When the installation is in operation, the induction heating device produces a variable magnetic field passing through, at least in part, the first and the second part. This variable magnetic field leads to the formation of variable induced currents in the reinforcing fibers which then heat up by the Joule effect. The heat from the reinforcing fibers is then transferred to the matrix which in turn heats until fusion so as to allow welding at the interface between the parts.
• the second part can be coupled to a lightning protection system (also called “LSP”), for example in the form of a wire mesh or conductive metal woven fabric, arranged and fixed on the side of the surface opposite to the surface to be welded. the second piece.
• LSP lightning protection system
• the heating of the core is particularly important, because of the presence of this lightning protection system. .
• the heat in the core can then no longer be removed efficiently enough not to damage the core with a passive or active cooling system, such as with a water circuit for example.
• a solution could have been to position a ferrite around the induction heating device in order to concentrate the magnetic field towards the sole of the first part. Nevertheless, the concentration of magnetic field by a ferrite does not allow not to obtain a rise in temperature over the entire width of the surface to be welded and the surface to be welded is then not welded at 100% or at a percentage close to 100%.
• the formation of induced currents in at least part of the fibers of the soul is at least partially, if not completely canceled.
• the Joule effect in at least part of the fibers of the core is limited, which reduces the rise in temperature of the core of the first part, while allowing a rise in temperature over at least 95% of the width of the surface to be welded of the first part, preferably about 100%.
• nearly 100%, or even 100%, of the surface to be welded can be welded using the installation according to the invention.
• the damper is an excellent electrical conductor.
• the damper advantageously comprises a material having a greater electrical conductivity than the core.
• Said material of the damper is advantageously chosen from the family of metals, for example a steel. It preferably has an electrical conductivity greater, or even much greater, than 10 4 Sm 1 . Said material of the damper is advantageously chosen to obtain an electrical conductivity adapted to the nature of the core, that is to say its composition or its shape, and to the shape of the inductor.
• the core has an exposed surface facing the induction heater and a surface opposite the exposed surface.
• the damper is preferably arranged on the side of said opposite surface of the core.
• the damper advantageously forms a plate extending substantially parallel to at least part of the core.
• the induction heater may be very close, at its nearest end, to the exposed surface of the core.
• the distance between the exposed surface of the core and the end of the induction heating device is for example less than 3 mm, being between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. This great proximity is due to the desire to weld the surface to be welded of the first part in its entirety to the second part, but this generates a strong magnetic field in at least part of the closest core which could deteriorate it s there was no shock absorber.
• the installation preferably comprises at least one heat sink.
• heat sink is understood to mean an element having a high thermal conductivity and a low electrical conductivity.
• the or each heat sink makes it possible to locally evacuate at least part of the heat generated by the induction heating device.
• At least one heat sink is placed against the damper.
• the heat sink can be separated from the core by the damper, can extend against the latter and form a plate substantially parallel to the core. soul.
• the installation may also comprise at least one heat sink interposed between the soleplate and the induction heating device.
• the installation may further comprise at least one heat sink in contact with the surface opposite the surface to be welded of the second part or, when the lightning protection system is present, in contact with the lightning protection system, under this one.
• said at least one heat sink comprises a material chosen from the family of ceramics, in particular plaster or cement. It preferably has a thermal conductivity of between 10 and 30 Wm ⁇ .K 1 .
• the first part and the second part can comprise the same reinforcing fibers and/or the same thermoplastic polymer material.
• the reinforcing fibers of the first and/or second piece(s) are preferably continuous fibers. They can be chosen from the group consisting of carbon fibers and metal fibers.
• the first piece may in particular have an L-shape, the core being connected by a bent portion to the sole.
• the angle between the core and the sole at the level of the bent portion is between 60° and 120°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably equal to approximately 90°.
• the core is the part of the first part which is not to be welded to the second part.
• the first part is a stiffener and the second part is a skin.
• the installation comprises at least one punch arranged to support the core at least during welding.
• a punch which may be in the form of a support plate parallel to the core, is preferably arranged so as to hold, in addition to the core, the damper and possibly one or the heat sink. Dynamic welding process
• Another subject of the invention is a process for the dynamic welding by induction of a first part to a second part using an installation as defined above. high.
• the method comprises the steps of: positioning the first part to be welded on the second part such that the surface to be welded of the first part is in contact with the surface to be welded of the second part, positioning the induction heating device above the surface to be welded, on the side of the surface opposite to the surface to be welded, and make a weld at the interface between the first and the second part using the induction heating device, the damper then creating a magnetic reaction field opposing at least partially, in particular totally, the magnetic field created by the induction heating device in at least a part of the core located close to the surface to be welded of the first part.
• the method preferably comprises the preliminary step consisting in predetermining by digital simulation the parameters of the damper, such as the nature of the damper, its dimensions, in particular its thickness and/or its length, and/or its positioning, of so as to optimize them in particular according to the configuration of the first and second parts.
• the control of the thermal fields must be very fine and adapted, the objective being to reach the melting temperature at the interface between the two surfaces to be welded of the parts. Failing this, there is a risk of destroying one of the parts or the parts, at least partially.
• the method is implemented such that at the end of the method, the surface to be welded of the first part is welded to the second part at least 95% of its surface, preferably at around 100% of its surface. surface.
• the induction heater is moved over the surface to be welded of the first part to make the weld.
• Figure 1 shows, in perspective and schematically, a dynamic welding installation according to the invention
• figure 2 represents, in transverse section and in a schematic way, the installation of figure 1,
• FIG 3 Figure 3 is an enlargement of detail III of Figure 2,
• FIG 4 Figure 4 is an enlargement of detail IV of Figure 2,
• figure 5 schematically represents, in cross section, the magnetic fields when using the installation of figure 2,
• FIG 6 shows a block diagram of the dynamic welding process according to the invention
• Figure 7 is a schematic thermal map in the parts made of composite material with a thermoplastic matrix, during the implementation of the method according to the invention,
• FIG 8 is a schematic heat map in the parts, during the implementation of a dynamic induction welding process without the use of a passive magnetic field damper, and
• Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the final part made of composite material produced according to the method of the invention.
• FIG 1 An installation 1, according to the invention, for dynamic induction welding.
• the installation 1 is provided for welding a first part 2, in this example in the shape of an L, to a second part 3, in this example in the form of a plate also called a skin.
• the first and second parts 2 and 3 are made of composite material. They comprise reinforcing fibers, in this example continuous carbon fibers, and a thermoplastic polymer material, forming in this example the matrix.
• the first piece 2 and the second piece 3 are made by stacking plies, also called laminate, with a total thickness between 2 and 3 cm, the first piece 2 comprising in this example seven plies and the second piece 3 comprising eleven plies.
• first part 2 and the second part 3 have different geometries, thicknesses or fibers.
• the first L-shaped part 2 is a stiffener and extends along a longitudinal axis X over the second part 3.
• the first part 2 comprises a core 4 and a sole 5.
• the sole 5 has a surface to be welded 6 intended to be welded to the second part 3 and an opposite surface 7, opposite to the surface to be welded 6.
• the core 4 is connected by a bent portion 17 to the sole 5, the angle between the core 4 and the sole 5 at the level of the bent portion 17 being in this example equal to approximately 90°.
• the angle is different from 90°, being for example between 60° and 120°.
• the second part 3 has, on a first upper surface 23, a surface to be welded 24, in contact with the surface to be welded 6 of the first part 2 at the level of the interface between the first and second parts 2 and 3.
• the second part 3 still has an opposite surface 22, opposite to the first surface 23.
• the installation 1 comprises an induction heating device 8 which can also be called an inductor, arranged on the side of said opposite surface 7 of the first part 2 at a distance therefrom of approximately 5 mm.
• the induction heating device 8 makes it possible to generate a variable magnetic field Bi, illustrated schematically in FIG. 3, passing through the first part 2 and the second part 3 in particular.
• the installation 1 comprises a support 9 on which is arranged the second part 3, on the side of the opposite surface 22.
• the support 9 is intended to support the mechanical force, at the using in particular a plate 16, sized to withstand the mechanical forces.
• the second part 3 is coupled to a lightning protection system 15, in particular in the form of a conductive metal woven fabric, which is arranged and fixed on the side of the opposite surface 22 of the second part 3. It is this lightning protection system 15 which is in contact with the support 9. Its presence prevents the induction heating device 8 from being on the side of the opposite surface 22 to make the weld between the first and second parts 2 and 3.
• the installation 1 comprises a passive magnetic field damper 11 configured and arranged so as to make it possible to create a magnetic reaction field B2 , as illustrated schematically in FIG. 5, opposing at least partially, in particular totally, the magnetic field Bi created by the induction heating device 8 in at least a part of the core 4 located close to the surface solder 6.
• the damper 11 has an electrical conductivity greater than that of the first part 2.
• the damper 11 is made of steel and has an electrical conductivity greater than 10 4 Sm 1 .
• the core 4 has an exposed surface 12 facing the induction heating device 8 and an opposite surface 13, opposite to the exposed surface 12.
• the damper 11 is arranged on the side of said opposite surface 13 of the core and is in the form of a plate extending parallel to and in contact with it.
• the induction heating device 8 is located very close, via its nearest end 25, to the exposed surface 12 of the core 4.
• the distance d between the exposed surface 12 of the core 4 and the end 25 of the induction heating device 8 is in this example equal to 2 mm. This great proximity is due to the desire to weld, with the installation 1, the surface to be welded 6 in its entirety on the second part 3, but this generates a strong magnetic field in at least a part of the core 4 most nearby which could damage it if there was no shock absorber 11.
• the first part 2 is held by a punch 10 arranged to mechanically support the core 4 during welding.
• Punch 10 is located on the opposite surface 13 side of core 4 in this example on at least part of core 4 or even on all of core 4 in this example.
• the installation 1 comprises at least one or even several, in this example three heat sinks 14 to locally evacuate part of the heat generated.
• a first heat sink 14a in the form of a plate is placed against the damper 11.
• a second heat sink 14b is interposed between the sole 5 and the induction heating device 8.
• a third heat sink 14c is arranged against the lightning protection system 15, under it, and is part of the support 9.
• the three heat sinks 14 comprise cement in this example and each have a thermal conductivity of approximately 10 Wm 2 ⁇ K 1 .
• the installation 1 can of course include other elements such as at least one pressing roller upstream and/or downstream of the induction heating device 8 in order to consolidate the first and second parts 2 and 3, in particular after welding.
• the induction heating device 8 can be carried by a robot, in particular a robot arm, in order to control the movement and operation of the induction heating device 8 and more generally of the installation 1, in an at least partially automated manner. .
• the method of welding the first part 2 on the second part 3, using G installation 1, illustrated in FIG. 6, which can be entirely or partially automated, comprises a step 51 consisting in positioning the first part 2 on the second part 3 so that the surface to be welded 6 of the first part 2 is in contact with the upper surface 23 of the second part 3 at the level of the surface to be welded 24.
• the induction heating device 8 is positioned, in a step 52, above the surface to be welded 6, on the side of the opposite surface 7, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the induction heating device 8 is moved at a continuous speed, in a step 53, in a direction 20, illustrated by an arrow in Figure 1, parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the first part 2, in order to weld the first part 2 and the second part 3 over the entire length of the first part 2.
• the speed of the induction heating device 8 can be variable at the longitudinal ends 30 of the first part 2 and continuous between these two longitudinal ends 30.
• the method also comprises a preliminary step 50 consisting in predetermining by digital simulation the parameters of the damper, such as the nature of the damper, its dimensions, in particular its thickness and/or its length, and /or its positioning, so as to optimize them according to the configuration of the first and second parts 2 and 3. It is in fact necessary to adapt the damper 11 to the parts to be welded.
• the thermal map of an optimized configuration produced by digital simulation is shown in Figure 7.
• This map comprises a temperature scale 60 with four ranges: range A for temperatures below approximately 100° C., range B for temperatures between 100° C. °C and 200°C, range C for temperatures between 200°C and 300°C and range D for temperatures above 300°C.
• the temperature in the core 4 is between 200° C. and 300° C. in its lower part 18 and between 100° C. and 200° C. in its upper part 19. temperatures in the core 4 are low enough to limit its damage, thanks to the presence of the damper 11.
• FIG 8 the thermal map produced by digital simulation of the same installation, not in accordance with the invention because it does not have a damper 11.
• This map comprises a temperature scale 61 with four ranges : range E for temperatures below approximately 250°C, range F for temperatures between 250°C and 500°C, range G for temperatures between 500°C and 700°C and range H for temperatures above 700° vs.
• range E for temperatures below approximately 250°C
• range F for temperatures between 250°C and 500°C
• range G for temperatures between 500°C and 700°C
• range H for temperatures above 700° vs.
• the temperature in the core 4 of the first part 2 is at a temperature above 500°C, or even above 700°C in one part. Such temperatures strongly degrade core 4.
• the at least partial opposition, in particular total opposition, of the reaction magnetic field B2, created by the damper 11 in the installation 1 according to the invention, to the magnetic field B 1 created by the induction heating device 8, makes it possible to cancel at least partially, or even totally, the formation of induced currents in the core 4, which limits the heating of the core 4.
• the temperature in the sole 5, in particular at the level of the surface to be welded 6 is greater than 300° C. as visible in FIG. 7. At this temperature, the thermoplastic matrices of the sole 5 and of the skin 3 are in fusion at the interface between the surface to be welded 6 and the surface to be welded 24.
• the temperature at this point will increase when approaching the induction heating device 8, until allowing the dies of the first and second parts 2 and 3 at this given point to pass into a state of fusion.
• the induction heater 8 moves away from the given point on the surface to be soldered 6, the temperature decreases until the dies pass into a solid state. They are then merged and therefore welded at the given point.
• the core 4 remains preserved thanks to the presence of the damper 11.
• the entire width L of the surface to be welded 6 is brought to a temperature greater than 300° C. when the induction heating device 8 passes.
• the installation 1 according to the invention makes it possible to weld the sole 5 and skin 2 over at least 95%, or even 100% of the width L, over the entire length along the longitudinal axis X of the first part 2, that is to say over at least 95%, or even 100% of the surface to be welded 6 of the first part 2.
• the final part 21 comprises the first part 2 welded to the second part 3 at the level of the sole 5, as well as the lightning protection system 15 fixed to the second part 3 on the side opposite to the side welded with the first part 1.
• the first part may have a shape different from an L, for example having two parts to be welded or two flanges arranged around a central part or core which is not to be welded, for example in the shape of a W.
• the induction heating device 8 can perform two passes to weld the two soles of the W, or be sized to perform a single passage for welding the two soles and the shock absorber or shock absorbers arranged to protect at least a lower part of the central part of the W, close to the surfaces to be welded.
• the first part and the second part can be produced differently, in particular in non-laminated composite material, comprise short fibers or comprise particles.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Robotics (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=76730810

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2021
  • 2021-05-25 FR FR2105412A patent/FR3123247B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-05-24 WO PCT/EP2022/063962 patent/WO2022248428A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-05-24 EP EP22728636.6A patent/EP4347228A1/de active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events