EP4343237A1 - Système de réfrigération à base eutectique - Google Patents

Système de réfrigération à base eutectique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4343237A1
EP4343237A1 EP23199503.6A EP23199503A EP4343237A1 EP 4343237 A1 EP4343237 A1 EP 4343237A1 EP 23199503 A EP23199503 A EP 23199503A EP 4343237 A1 EP4343237 A1 EP 4343237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eutectic
hollow elements
box
load compartment
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23199503.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roberto Zannini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4343237A1 publication Critical patent/EP4343237A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D15/00—Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/005—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies combined with heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0013—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in elements attached to or integral with heat exchange conduits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a eutectic refrigeration unit intended to refrigerate foodstuffs or other perishable products transported in vehicles powered by electricity, diesel, petrol, gas, methane or some other source.
  • perishable goods are transported every day, for example from the place of production to the place of distribution. Most of these are foodstuffs, such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, milk, dairy products, frozen foods, all products that are sensitive to ambient temperature, at which they undergo changes that cause them to deteriorate.
  • Insulated vehicles in which thermal insulation for the products transported is ensured by an insulated chamber installed inside the load compartment are therefore commercially available.
  • the insulated compartment avoids the exchange of temperature between the outside and inside, and the structure thus provided makes the van specifically intended for the transport of perishable goods that must be kept at a certain temperature, such as fruit, vegetables, milk and its derivatives, eggs and ornamental plants.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a eutectic refrigeration unit that at least partly overcomes the disadvantages of systems in the known art.
  • a eutectic refrigerating unit for refrigerating foodstuffs or other perishable products transported in motor vehicles, that is intended to be placed inside the insulated load compartment of a vehicle and is characterised in that it comprises a set of closed hollow elements in fluid communication with one another in series, the closed hollow elements being intended to contain and circulate a eutectic fluid within them; a plurality of open hollow elements adapted to let air passing through them, each of the plurality of open hollow elements being associated with and adjacent to at least one of the set of closed hollow elements; a box-shaped enclosure within which is enclosed the set of closed hollow elements and the open hollow elements so as to maintain the cold generated by the cooled eutectic fluid, the box-shaped element being provided with slits (or louvres or slots) for the passage of air in and out; ventilation means associated with said box-shaped enclosure and controllable by a microprocessor associated with means for sensing the temperature within said load compartment, in which the ventilation means are intended to be
  • the tubular circuit is a coil flowing through the closed hollow elements.
  • the coil can be connected to a refrigeration device for extracting heat from said eutectic fluid and bringing it to a low temperature, the refrigeration device comprising a condenser - compressor - external filter assembly located outside the vehicle, to which the tubular coil circuit can be connected by means of pipes having quick couplings.
  • the eutectic fluid is preferably cooled to a temperature of -33°C.
  • the ventilation means may consist of one or more fans associated with the box-shaped enclosure and operating cooperatively with the inlet and exit slits
  • the temperature sensing means may consist of a digital thermostat located for example in the driver's cab of the vehicle and connected to sensors located within said insulated load compartment.
  • the box-shaped enclosure is made of a plastics material, for example ABS, and comprises an upper casing, a front closure panel, two side closure panels, two rear uprights for wall mounting of the unit, four corner uprights and a lower water collection tank.
  • Two thermally insulating panels, an upper and a lower respectively, with said upper thermally insulating panel pierced by slits, two thermally insulating panels, a front and rear respectively, with said front thermally insulating panel having slits at the top and openings at the bottom, and two thermally insulating panels at the sides may be located between said box-shaped enclosure and said plurality of closed hollow elements (103).
  • the thermally insulating panels may, for example, be made of polyurethane.
  • the entry and exit slits may be fitted with adjustable, microprocessor-controlled opening/closing systems.
  • a method of using the eutectic refrigeration unit described above, the refrigeration unit being installed in a vehicle comprising the steps of: refrigerating the eutectic fluid prior to use of the vehicle; and controlling the temperature within the load compartment by means of the microprocessor.
  • the step of completely defrosting the system before it is periodically refrigerated may also be envisaged, so that the unit also has optimum efficiency when subsequently used.
  • a vehicle for transporting perishable goods comprising the refrigeration unit described above.
  • One of the advantages of the eutectic refrigeration unit according to the present invention is that it is not cumbersome and does not require complex devices for its operation in the van, such as plug-in connectors/disconnectors to the engine, independent drive systems, etc.
  • the eutectic refrigeration unit according to the present invention is practical and simple to use, but makes it possible to maintain temperatures suitable for the storage of perishable products within the insulated vehicle compartment.
  • Figure 1 shows eutectic refrigeration unit 100 suitable for refrigerating foodstuffs or other perishable products transported by vehicles powered by electricity, diesel, petrol, gas, methane or some other source.
  • Eutectic refrigeration unit 100 is intended to be installed inside the insulated load compartment V of a vehicle 300 (see Figure 3 ).
  • unit 100 comprises assembly 101, shown in Figure 2a , comprising a set of hollow elements 103 held together substantially in parallel by means, for example, of interlocking guides formed in the hollow elements themselves.
  • Hollow elements 103 are closed so as to contain a eutectic fluid (for example a refrigerant fluid).
  • Pipes preferably made of copper or aluminium, run inside them in fluid communication with each other, in series with each other, through tubular fittings 107 (shown in Figure 2b ) which depart from one end of an element 103 and connect to the end of a subsequent element 103.
  • a gas for example freon or nitrogen
  • a gas at a very low temperature may be caused to flow through these pipes, which are essentially joined into an uninterrupted coil (serpentine), to cool the eutectic fluid.
  • This cooling operation is carried out when the vehicle is stationary (for example overnight) by connecting the coil to an external machine.
  • Hollow elements 103 preferably have a parallelepiped shape, which allows for easy arrangement in series (side by side), but other shapes are possible.
  • Each of the hollow elements 103 is associated with an open hollow element 105 which functions as an air channel.
  • each closed element has its own open element with which it shares a wall of the parallelepiped (through which the heat exchange takes place), but the possibility of other configurations is not ruled out, with for example one open hollow element being associated and exchanging heat with two or more closed hollow elements; conversely, several open elements may be in contact with a single closed element.
  • Assembly 101 of elements 103/105 is then enclosed within a box-shaped enclosure (104), as shown in Figure 1 , which enables it to be installed and substantially operate, as will become clear below.
  • the eutectic evaporating unit (also called the refrigerating unit) comprising the assembly 101 and the box-shaped enclosure is suitable for refrigerating foodstuffs or other perishable products transported in electric, diesel, petrol, gas, methane or otherwise powered vehicles.
  • the refrigeration unit is intended to be installed inside the load compartment of insulated vehicles (see Figure 3 ).
  • assembly 101 comprises a set of 8 hollow elements 103, preferably of drawn aluminium alloy or plastics or stainless steel materials.
  • the number of hollow elements 103 may of course be different and be adapted to the different needs and dimensions of the load compartment.
  • each hollow element 103 has a corresponding open hollow element 105, but other configurations are possible and the number of hollow elements 103 and open hollow elements 105 may also be different.
  • each pair comprising a hollow element 103 and an open hollow element 105 will be made using a die, where the two parts - one that will contain the eutectic fluid/fluid and one that will remain empty and open to allow the passage of air - are made by extrusion.
  • the set of pairs of closed hollow elements 103 and open hollow elements 105 are coupled together with closed elements 103 housing the eutectic refrigerant fluid, with the latter being located in the upper part and open elements 105 in the lower part. Air circulates in open elements 105.
  • the suitably cooled (for example to -33°C) refrigerant liquid or fluid (eutectic fluid) transfers the frigories previously accumulated, for example during overnight charging, to the metal walls (made of aluminium, for example) which in turn transmit them to the air circulating in the open hollow elements; the air then forced to circulate in the load compartment/refrigeration chamber cools its temperature. More specifically, the air that is forced through hollow elements 105 is cooled by the refrigerant fluid.
  • the box-shaped enclosure is provided with inlet vents or slits 111 and outlet vents or slits 109: the air is circulated by means of one or more fans that draw it from the load compartment into open hollow elements 105, where it cools in contact with the wall that divides open hollow element 105 from the corresponding closed hollow element 103 (with the refrigerant fluid) and is then fed into the load compartment through outlet vents/ slits 109. Once in the load compartment, the cooling power is transmitted from the cooled air to the environment of the load compartment.
  • the fans are placed inside the box-shaped element, but this does not rule out the fans being external and connected to the inlet slits (the fans are not shown in the figures).
  • the refrigerant circuitry made, for example, of copper or aluminium; a refrigerant gas can circulate in the circuitry within the assembly 101 of closed hollow elements 103, passing from one closed hollow element 103 to the next by means of connecting pipe 107.
  • the coil circuitry is kept closed and empty.
  • the machinery shown in Figure 4 , causes a gas (for example Freon R504) to flow at a very low temperature that cools the eutectic fluid.
  • the resistances for defrosting the system after hours of operation there are the resistances for defrosting the system after hours of operation (the detail of the resistances is not shown in the figures).
  • the doors are opened and closed several times. Moisture entering the cell can create frost in the air passages.
  • the heating elements are used to defrost the air passages before recharging at night.
  • the refrigerating unit includes an ABS cover.
  • the vacuum or injection-moulded enclosure may be fitted with a condensate drain hole at the rear.
  • Thermal insulation panels (for example 4 in number) may be provided to ensure effective thermal insulation of the aluminium tubes.
  • the thermal insulation panels may be made of polyurethane or any other thermally insulating material.
  • a digital thermostat placed in the driver's cab determines the desired temperature in the insulated chamber or insulated vehicle based on the output of sensors fitted in the refrigerated compartment.
  • An external assembly with hoses and quick couplings is connected to cool the eutectic fluid contained in the extruded piping.
  • the recharging device comprises a condenser, a compressor, a fan, a filter and various accessories for defrosting assembly 100 and cooling it.
  • the box-shaped enclosure is preferably made of plastics, although other materials cannot be ruled out; in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the box-shaped enclosure is made of ABS.
  • Figure 2c shows a cross-section of cooling unit 100 and a pair of elements 103/105, showing the coil inside closed hollow element 103.
  • thermally insulating panels are located between the box-shaped enclosure and assembly 101 at the top and bottom respectively, with two thermally insulating panels at the front and rear respectively, and two thermally insulating panels at the sides, in order to ensure effective thermal insulation of assembly 101 of closed hollow elements 103 and open hollow elements 105.
  • insulating panels are located all around the evaporating assembly, on its four sides.
  • the thermally insulating panels may be made of, for example, polyurethane. It is understood that any other effectively thermally insulating material may be used as a substitute.
  • the thickness of the thermally insulating material used will be decisive for a longer service life of the cooling function of unit 100.
  • Ventilation means consisting of one or more fans.
  • the fans cause a flow of air through the box-shaped enclosure. Air enters the enclosure through a series of slits 111; the air exits via exit slits 109.
  • Figure 1 shows air exit slits 109
  • Figure 2c shows the inlet slits through which the cooled air is fed back into the cargo area.
  • the inlet slits as 111 and the exit slits as 109, but it is obvious that the direction of air flow may be different and the inlet slits may act as the exit and vice versa.
  • the temperature sensing means may for example consist of a thermostat, for example of the digital type, which may be located in the driver's cab of the vehicle and be connected to sensors located in insulated load compartment V, in suitable positions appropriate for optimally detecting the temperature of the load compartment.
  • the assembly can be connected to a cooling device 400 ( Figure 4 ) without removing assembly 100 from the vehicle.
  • Connection may be made through a pair of hoses using known quick-connect couplings, which allow quick connection and disconnection of the unit 100 to (and from) refrigeration unit 400.
  • Refrigeration device 400 comprises, for example, a condenser - compressor - external filter unit, all of a known type and therefore not described in further detail.
  • Refrigeration device 400 is independent and is put into operation when the vehicle is stationary, to cool the eutectic fluid, for example overnight, so that it can then release the frigories during vehicle movements.
  • refrigeration unit 400 remains on the ground, for example in the garage after the vehicle is parked, but there is nothing to prevent it from being transported by the vehicle itself, perhaps incorporated into the body of the vehicle, for example on the roof of the load compartment; in this way, in the case of long journeys, perhaps of several days, refrigeration unit 400 can be put into operation when the vehicle is stationary during stops, for example by connecting it to an external power source.
  • a frigorie is defined as the amount of heat that must be withdrawn from a kilogram of water in order to decrease its temperature by 1°C; in other words, to give a body one frigorie is to subtract one calorie from it. More generally, however, calories are used in the context of both the generation and the absorption of heat. Frigories, on the other hand, are only used in relation to refrigeration. Thus, while it can be said that a refrigerating appliance produces n frigories or that it absorbs n calories, it is not normal to say that a heating appliance absorbs n frigories: instead, it is said that it produces n calories.
  • Eutectic refrigeration unit 100 is then connected to refrigeration device 400 using the connection pipes and quick couplings, without removing it from vehicle 300.
  • the refrigerant gas will then be fed into the coils running inside hollow elements 103, causing the eutectic fluid to cool within the hollow elements.
  • the eutectic fluid is cooled to a temperature of -33°C.
  • This temperature is the one which, from tests carried out, has provided optimum results, but this value should not be understood to be limiting and other temperatures may instead be set and reached.
  • unit 100 is disconnected from unit 400 and vehicle 300 can be used to transport foodstuffs, such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, milk, dairy products, frozen foods, and other products that are sensitive to ambient temperature at which they can undergo changes that cause deterioration, such as pharmaceutical products, ornamental plants and flowers.
  • foodstuffs such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, milk, dairy products, frozen foods, and other products that are sensitive to ambient temperature at which they can undergo changes that cause deterioration, such as pharmaceutical products, ornamental plants and flowers.
  • a box-shaped enclosure made for example of steel, aluminium, ABS or other materials, allows the eutectic fluid's accumulated frigories to be stored over time and used only when necessary, as described below.
  • the digital thermostat in the driver's cab of vehicle 300 allows the temperature in load compartment V to be checked where the sensors are positioned.
  • This thermostat is equipped with processing capabilities and includes a microprocessor that receives the data detected by sensors located inside load compartment V and controls operation of the ventilation means inside the box-shaped enclosure.
  • the thermostat's microprocessor activates the ventilation means (comprising one or more fans) which, drawing air from the environment of load compartment V through the slits 111, pass it through the open hollow elements 105, cooling it and then feeding it back into load compartment V through exit slits 109.
  • the ventilation means comprising one or more fans
  • This system makes it possible to maintain a constant low temperature in load compartment V of vehicle 300 without having an active refrigeration unit on the vehicle.
  • inlet slits (111) and exit slits (109) may be equipped with closing means, also operable and adjustable by the thermostat's microprocessor, so that when the ventilation means are not in operation the frigories generated by the cooling system are kept longer.
  • the advantage is particularly obvious when the eutectic refrigeration unit according to the present invention is fitted to vehicles with electric or hybrid drive. In this case there is in fact a need to provide an electric motor to drive the active refrigerating unit, a motor which takes the electrical energy required for traction away from the batteries.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that it provides a device that is well suited to the design of insulated load compartments and that is able to withstand the operating conditions resulting from the low temperatures produced inside them.
  • the device according to the present invention may be installed and made operational in all vehicles with insulated load compartments, both those newly manufactured and those already in operation, which can thus be easily equipped with a system that solves the problems described above.
  • the device can be constructed as a simple but efficient form of construction, which is cost-effective to build and fit to insulated load compartments.
EP23199503.6A 2022-09-23 2023-09-25 Système de réfrigération à base eutectique Pending EP4343237A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202200019596 2022-09-23

Publications (1)

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EP4343237A1 true EP4343237A1 (fr) 2024-03-27

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EP23199503.6A Pending EP4343237A1 (fr) 2022-09-23 2023-09-25 Système de réfrigération à base eutectique

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EP (1) EP4343237A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09280714A (ja) * 1996-04-16 1997-10-31 Daiwa Reiki Kogyo Kk 機械式蓄冷コンテナ蒸発器
EP1128139A1 (fr) * 2000-02-24 2001-08-29 Zanotti S.p.A. Installation frigorifique pour véhicules réfrigérés
CN1492195A (zh) * 2003-09-04 2004-04-28 上海交通大学 蓄冷家用空调器
US20050034477A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 The Boeing Company System, apparatus, and method for passive and active refrigeration of at least one enclosure
EP1236960B1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2005-05-11 High Technology Participation S.A. Appareil de conservation en particulier pour des produits périssables à une température prédéterminée
US20130008186A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Newman Michael D Cryogen heat plate heat exchanger
US20160109186A1 (en) * 2013-05-02 2016-04-21 Thermo King Corporation Apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods, in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated vehicles, cold rooms and the like
IT202000032666A1 (it) 2020-12-29 2022-06-29 West Aircon Srl Gruppo frigorifero autonomo per la refrigerazione di generi alimentari trasportati su veicoli
EP4060130A1 (fr) * 2019-11-12 2022-09-21 Hernández Mayén, Alfonso Dispositif pour récupérer de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09280714A (ja) * 1996-04-16 1997-10-31 Daiwa Reiki Kogyo Kk 機械式蓄冷コンテナ蒸発器
EP1128139A1 (fr) * 2000-02-24 2001-08-29 Zanotti S.p.A. Installation frigorifique pour véhicules réfrigérés
EP1236960B1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2005-05-11 High Technology Participation S.A. Appareil de conservation en particulier pour des produits périssables à une température prédéterminée
US20050034477A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 The Boeing Company System, apparatus, and method for passive and active refrigeration of at least one enclosure
CN1492195A (zh) * 2003-09-04 2004-04-28 上海交通大学 蓄冷家用空调器
US20130008186A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Newman Michael D Cryogen heat plate heat exchanger
US20160109186A1 (en) * 2013-05-02 2016-04-21 Thermo King Corporation Apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods, in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated vehicles, cold rooms and the like
EP4060130A1 (fr) * 2019-11-12 2022-09-21 Hernández Mayén, Alfonso Dispositif pour récupérer de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique
IT202000032666A1 (it) 2020-12-29 2022-06-29 West Aircon Srl Gruppo frigorifero autonomo per la refrigerazione di generi alimentari trasportati su veicoli

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