Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/0005—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
  • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B11/00—Making preforms
  • B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
  • B29B11/08—Injection moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B11/00—Making preforms
  • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/26—Moulds
  • B29C45/33—Moulds having transversely, e.g. radially, movable mould parts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
  • B29C45/42—Removing or ejecting moulded articles using means movable from outside the mould between mould parts, e.g. robots
  • B29C45/4225—Take-off members or carriers for the moulded articles, e.g. grippers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
  • B29C45/44—Removing or ejecting moulded articles for undercut articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
  • B29C45/7207—Heating or cooling of the moulded articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/28—Blow-moulding apparatus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/48—Moulds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
  • B65D23/10—Handles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
  • B29C45/7207—Heating or cooling of the moulded articles
  • B29C2045/7214—Preform carriers for cooling preforms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
  • B29C2049/023—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 1 step blow moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C49/786—Temperature
  • B29C2049/7867—Temperature of the heating or cooling means
  • B29C2049/78675—Temperature of the heating or cooling means of the heating means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
  • B29C2949/0721—Tangentially varying thickness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
  • B29C2949/0724—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness at body portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
  • B29C2949/0725—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness at bottom portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/073—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter
  • B29C2949/0732—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter at flange portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/073—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter
  • B29C2949/0733—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter at body portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
  • B29C2949/0761—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by overall the shape
  • B29C2949/0764—Elliptic or oval cross-section shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
  • B29C2949/0768—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform
  • B29C2949/077—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the neck
  • B29C2949/0772—Closure retaining means
  • B29C2949/0773—Threads
  • B29C2949/0774—Interrupted threads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
  • B29C2949/0768—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform
  • B29C2949/0778—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the flange
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/079—Auxiliary parts or inserts
  • B29C2949/0791—Handle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
  • B29C2949/079—Auxiliary parts or inserts
  • B29C2949/0795—Parts to assist orientation of preform, e.g. in mould
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
  • B29C2949/22—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
  • B29C2949/24—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
  • B29C2949/26—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at body portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
  • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
  • B29C2949/28—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
  • B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
  • B29C49/12—Stretching rods
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
  • B29C49/42065—Means specially adapted for transporting preforms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
  • B29C49/42073—Grippers
  • B29C49/42075—Grippers with pivoting clamps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
  • B29C49/42073—Grippers
  • B29C49/42079—Grippers using vacuum for gripping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
  • B29C49/42073—Grippers
  • B29C49/42087—Grippers holding outside the neck
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/42093—Transporting apparatus, e.g. slides, wheels or conveyors
  • B29C49/42095—Rotating wheels or stars
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/42097—Sliding rails, e.g. inclined
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/42115—Inversion, e.g. turning preform upside down
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/42119—Rotation, e.g. rotating a predetermined angle for asymmetric preform or with asymmetric heat profile
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
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  • B29C49/42122—Adapting to blow-mould cavity center-center distance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
  • B29C49/6427—Cooling of preforms
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
  • B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
  • B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
  • B29C49/6462—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential by masking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
  • B29C49/6463—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms
  • B29C49/6467—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms on the outside
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
  • B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
  • B29C49/6845—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons using ventilation, e.g. a fan
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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  • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
  • B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
  • B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/25—Solid
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/25—Solid
  • B29K2105/253—Preform
  • B29K2105/258—Tubular
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
  • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
  • B29L2031/7158—Bottles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/757—Moulds, cores, dies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the equipment and method for the production of stretch-blow-moulded PET containers from injection-moulded preforms.
• the present invention relates to a continuous stretch blow moulding system for production of PET containers from PET preforms in a continuous stretch blow moulding process.
• preforms as injection moulded, comprise an elongate cylindrical body portion and a neck.
• the preform enters a die, held by the neck which retains its injection moulded shape, and the body is firstly mechanically stretched in at least one direction followed by the injection of air to force the polymer material into the desired shape as defined by the die cavity and also stretching the polymer material in at least one other direction - termed biaxial orientation.
• a preheating process is applied before preforms enter the blow mould die.
• the handle of the preform should not be affected by the stretch-blow moulding process, the handle must be inserted into a handle cavity of the mould.
• Such a preform and systems for its transformation into a container with integral handle are disclosed in W02007101309.
• the entire disclosure of W02007101309 is incorporated herein by cross reference.
• preforms enter a production machine such as schematically shown in Figures 55 and 72 of that document after orientation of the handle, which orientation is then maintained, through the preheating stage and into the stretch-blow-moulding die.
• the process of production is discontinuous or ‘batch’; that is, the production machines progress preforms incrementally, 2 pausing at each index to allow for pick and place loading of preforms, their insertion into a supporting mandrel and the entry into and exit from the stretch blow-moulding cavities, while the preforms are stopped for each moulding cycle.
• a disadvantage of this incremental processing is that it is clearly less efficient than a continuous process.
• the present invention relates to a machine and process for the stretch blow moulding of preforms with an integral handle in a continuous feed, thus non-incrementing system. Because of the several stages in the process, the requirements of establishing handle orientation, the preheating stage and the stretch-blow-moulding stage as well as the removal of finished containers, requires the transfer of preforms between rotating in-feed, preheating, moulding and transport elements of the system. A continuous process makes these processes and transfers for a preform with integral handle, considerably more complex.
• US 2012/0048683 also discloses a continuously rotating blow moulding system in which special precautions are taken against deformation of preforms due to centrifugal forces by specific orientation of the preforms passing through the system. Although it is noted that such orientation may be of benefit for non-symmetric preforms, for example those with a handle, there is no disclosure of orientation of a preform for entry into a handle heat shield.
• preform wall thickness could be controlled as a function of radial angle in a horizontal plane passing through selected sections of the preform; and if container wall thickness could be controlled as a function of radial angle in a horizontal plane passing through selected sections of the blown container.
• Continuous preform feed occurs where preforms are advanced at constant velocity from an entry location to an exit location along a path. This is to be distinguished from a batch mode operation where the preform feed advances and then stops whilst a blow mould operation takes place.
• Non-symmetric preform In this specification, a non-symmetric preform is a preform which is not symmetric about its longitudinal axis. The primary source of nonsymmetry occurs where the preform incorporates an integral handle. In certain embodiments the preform walls are also a source of non-symmetry.
• an integral handle preform is a non- symmetric preform which has a handle portion extending from a body of the preform and wherein the handle is integrally moulded with the body of the preform.
• Stretch blow moulding die In this specification, a stretch blow moulding die comprises an openable cavity adapted to receive a preheated preform for subsequent stretch blow moulding of the preheated preform within the cavity of the die.
• a PET container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle integrally connected at least a first connection point to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the container under the PET handle.
• a PET container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle comprising an elongate portion of PET material integrally connected at at least a first connection point to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the elongate portion of PET material.
• a PET container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle integrally connected at least a first connection point to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the PET handle.
• the handle and the narrow strip form a solid mass thereby to maintain the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• the integrally connected handle and the narrow strip form a solid connected mass thereby to strengthen the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• a PET container stretch blow-moulded from a preform the preform and the container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle comprising an elongate portion of PET material integrally connected at least at a first connection point on a body portion of the preform and to on the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the elongate portion of PET material handle; the strip of material differentiated in thickness from thickness of a wall of the container on a side opposite from that of the connection point.
• the handle and the narrow strip forms a solid mass thereby to maintain the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• the elongate portion of PET material comprises a stem.
• the PET handle is connected at a second connection point to the container.
• the first connection point is an upper connection point.
• connection point is a lower connection point.
• the preform has a neck portion and an expandable portion located there below the neck portion.
• the region of the preform body defined by the strip between the two attachment points remains substantially stable during the stretching and blowing of the container. 5
• both the regions of the outer and inner surface layers laterally away from the narrow trip are subjected to biaxial stretching.
• the outer surface of the narrow strip remains substantially stable but the wall of the container at the strip and the inner layers between the handle attachment points undergoes a degree of flow and thinning together with surrounding regions as the plasticised PET material comes under the influence of the stretching and blowing forces.
• the PET handle is formed in the same mould as and at the same time as the preform is moulded.
• the loading of plastics material in the region of the wall subtended between the first location and the second location is differentially controlled as a function of location on the circumference of the wall in this region.
• the region is designated the differential loading region.
• the differential material loading is a function of circumferential position on walls of the preform aids in providing control over the wall thickness of the blown container.
• the stretch blow moulding process is a two stage stretch blow moulding process.
• the differential loading region subtended between the first location and the second location remains substantially unchanged during the blowing process.
• the differential loading region is an extension of and part of the neck portion of the preform.
• the preform includes a symmetrical thickening of the wall of the preform in the lower region of the body portion which extends from immediately below the point of connection of the lower end of handle.
• the wall thickening of the preform tapers gradually from a first thickness T1 to a second thinner thickness T2.
• the thickening is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the preform.
• the thickening results in a controllable increase in the thickness of material in the blown container in the corresponding intermediate region, and also in a sub- region immediately below the first connection point of the lower end of handle. 6
• the thickening results in a controllable increase in the thickness of material in the blown container in the corresponding intermediate region, and also in a sub- region immediately below the second connection point of the lower end of handle.
• an integral handle of a stretch blow-moulded container and injection moulded preform comprising: the integral handle respectively comiected at a single comiection region on a body portion of the preform and at a single connection region of a body of the container, wherein the wall thickness of the body portion of the preform and of the container in a region extending below the handle connection region on the body of the container is substantially equal to thickness of adjoining wall regions.
• the handle extends from the single region on the preform and on the container proximate a neck portion common to both the preform and the container.
• the handle includes an upper arcuate portion extending from the single connection region; the arcuate upper portion transitioning into a substantially straight, downwardly projecting portion.
• the handle includes a central web lying in a central plane passing through a centre line of the body portion of the preform and a plane bisecting the body portion of the container.
• the central web is bounded by an edge; the edge extending continuously around a periphery of the web from an upper junction point to a lower junction point on both the preform body portion and on the body of the container.
• a rib normal to the web extends along the edge; the rib projecting outwardly and symmetrically from both sides of the plane; the rib and central web forming an I-beam like cross section.
• the upper and lower comiection cross sections of the rib meld with surfaces of both the preform body portion and the body of the container.
• inward facing sections of both the web and the rib is provided with one or more scalloped configurations; the scalloped configurations aiding in gripping the handle in use.
• a thumb support is provided projecting from an upper portion of the rib.
• the handle extends from the single connection region on the preform and on the container proximate a neck portion common to both the preform and the container.
• the handle includes an upper arcuate portion extending from the single region; the arcuate upper portion transitioning into a substantially straight, downwardly projecting portion.
• the handle includes a central web lying in a plane passing through a centre line of the body portion of the preform and a plane bisecting the body portion of the container.
• the central web is bounded by an edge; the edge extending continuously around a periphery of the web from an upper junction point to a lower junction point on both the preform body portion and on the body of the container.
• a rib normal to the edge extends along the edge; the rib projecting outwardly and symmetrically from both sides of the web; the rib and central web forming an I-beam like cross section.
• a single connect handle of a stretch blow-moulded container the container stretch blow-moulded from an injection moulded preform; the preform including an integral handle connected at a single connection region of the preform; the handle extending outward from, and generally parallel, for a section of a body portion of the preform and, wherein wall thickness of the preform in the section of the body portion is equal to wall thickness of adjacent regions of the preform.
• an injection moulded preform with integral handle for stretch blow-moulding a container with an integral handle; the preform having a cylindrical body portion extending from below a neck of the preform and a curved closure at a base of the body portion; walls of the cylindrical body portion of the preform being of constant thickness.
• the integral handle is connected to the preform at a single connection region; the handle extending outwardly and generally parallel for a section of the body portion of the preform.
• a PET container stretch blow-moulded from a preform the preform and the container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle comprising an elongate portion of PET material integrally connected at least at a first connection point on a body portion of the preform and on the container and wherein perform wall thickness is controlled so that the wall thickness of corresponding locations on the blown container 1428 is such that the wall thickness 1421B in the region of the container 1420B located beneath the handle 1426 and on the side of the container closest to the handle 1426 may be differentiated from the wall thickness 1441B in a region 1440B located on an opposite side of the container 1428 from the region 1420B.
• the handle and the narrow strip form a substantially planar region thereby to maintain the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• the elongate portion of PET material comprises a stem.
• the PET handle is connected at a second connection point to the container.
• the first connection point is an upper comiection point.
• connection point is a lower comiection point.
• the preform has an expandable portion located below the neck portion.
• the region of the preform body defined by the strip between the two attachment points remains substantially stable during the stretching and blowing of the container.
• both the regions of the outer and inner surface layers laterally away from the narrow trip are subjected to biaxial stretching.
• the outer surface of the narrow strip remains substantially stable but the wall of the container at the strip and the inner layers between the handle attachment points undergoes a degree of flow and thinning together with surrounding regions as the PET material comes under the influence of the stretching and blowing forces.
• the PET handle is formed in the same mould as and at the same time as the preform is moulded.
• Preferably loading of plastics material in the region of the wall subtended between the first location and the second location is differentially controlled as a function of location on the circumference of the wall in this region; the region designated the differential loading region.
• differential material loading as a function of circumferential position on walls of the preform aids in providing control over the wall thickness of the blown container.
• the stretch blow molding process is a two stage stretch blow molding process.
• the differential loading region subtended between the first location and the second location remains substantially unchanged during the blowing process.
• the differential loading region is an extension of and part of the neck portion of the preform.
• the preform includes a symmetrical thickening of the wall of the preform in the lower region of the body portion which extends from immediately below the point of connection of the lower end of handle.
• the wall thickening of the preform tapers gradually from a first thickness to a second thinner thickness.
• the thickening is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the preform.
• the thickening results in a controllable increase in the thickness of material in the blown container in the intermediate region, and in a sub-region immediately below the second connection point of the lower end of handle.
• a method of controlling a preform for stretch blow-moulding a container with an integrally formed handle comprising a body portion and the integrally formed handle; the preform transferred from a perform supply source to a blow moulding die for blowing the container; the method including the steps of
• the handle comprises orientable plastic material extending from at least an upper connection region on the body portion of the preform; characterised in that the handle includes a curved strengthening element at a lower end of the handle; the orientable plastic material bifurcating to form an enclosed generally triangular element.
• the handle extends from the upper connection region to a lower connection region on the body portion of the preform.
• the curved strengthening element abuts the body portion of the preform and the body of the blow moulded container.
• the curved strengthening element conforms generally in width and cross section to width and cross section of the handle.
• the handle has a gradually widening cross section approaching the upper connection region; the cross section reaching and maintaining a maximum width proximate the upper connection region cross section of the handle.
• the cross section extends from opposing outer edges towards a central line; the cross section increasing in thickness progressively from the outer edges to a maximum thickness at the central line.
• the handle includes a straight section angling downwardly from a lower connection region and an arcuate section extending from an end of the straight section to the upper connection region.
• first, second and third strengthening elements are provided respectively at each of the upper connection region and the lower connection region and at the junction between the straight section and the arcuate section.
• the first strengthening element at the upper connection region comprises a first curved element conforming in width and in cross section to the width and cross section of the handle proximate the upper connection region; the first curved element extending from a first separate connection region below the upper connection region to merge with the handle proximate to a first end of the maximum width of the handle.
• the second strengthening element at the lower connection region comprises a straight element conforming in width and cross section with the width and cross section of the straight section of the handle; the straight element extending from a second separate connection region above the lower connection region to a merge with the straight section of the handle proximate the lower connection region.
• the third strengthening element at the junction of the straight and arcuate sections of the handle comprises a further curved element conforming in width and cross section with the width and cross section of the handle adjacent the junction of the straight and arcuate sections of the handle; respective outer ends of the curved element merging with the straight and arcuate sections of the handle.
• each strengthening element includes a web of orientable plastic material within boundaries formed respectively between the body of the preform and the first and second strengthening elements, and between the third strengthening element and the straight and arcuate sections; each web of orientable plastic material aligned with and extending equally in both directions from the central line.
• a method of reducing strain on a supporting finger of a hand lifting a blow-moulded container the container provided with an integral handle; the method including: stretch blow-moulding the container from a preform which includes an orientable plastic material forming the handle; the orientable plastic material extending from at least an upper connection region, and wherein the handle includes a curved strengthening element at a lower end of the handle; the orientable plastic material bifurcating to form an enclosed generally triangular element.
• the handle extends from the upper connection region to a lower connection region on the body portion of the preform.
• the curved strengthening element abuts the body portion of the preform and the body of the blow moulded container.
• the curved strengthening element conforms generally in width and cross section to width and cross section of the handle.
• a strengthening element proximate the upper connection region comprises a first curved element conforming generally in width and in cross section to a width and cross section of the handle proximate the upper connection region; the first curved element extending from a first separate connection region below the upper connection region to merge with the handle proximate to a first end of a maximum width of the handle.
• a handle of a stretch blow moulded container the container blown from a preform including the handle extending from at least an upper connection region; the handle including a curved strengthening element at a lower end of the handle; the curved strengthening element 11 conforming generally in width and cross section to width and cross section of the handle; the orientable plastic material bifurcating to form an enclosed generally triangular element.
• the handle extends from the upper connection region to a lower connection region on the body portion of the preform.
• the curved strengthening element abuts the body portion of the preform and the body of the blow moulded container.
• the curved strengthening element conforms generally in width and cross section to width and cross section of the handle.
• the handle further includes a straight lower section and an arcuate section extending from an end of the straight lower section to the upper connection region; the handle having a gradually widening cross section approaching the upper connection region; the cross section reaching and maintaining a maximum width proximate the upper connection region.
• a preform having a handle being formed in a first production step of a stretch blow moulded container; the container blown from the preform including the handle extending from at least an upper connection region; the handle including a straight lower section and includes a curved strengthening element at a lower end of the handle; the orientable plastic material bifurcating to form an enclosed generally triangular element.
• the handle extends from the upper connection region to a lower connection region on the body portion of the preform.
• the curved strengthening element abuts the body portion of the preform and the body of the blow moulded container.
• the curved strengthening element conforms generally in width and cross section to width and cross section of the handle.
• all of the above cavities, systems, preforms, processes, containers, handles, features and methods are effected in a continuously rotating, non- symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine dedicated to the stretch-blow moulding of containers from non-symmetric injection moulded preforms; the non-symmetric preforms including an integral handle extending from a junction point on a body of the preform; the body of the preform and the integral handle constituted from the same material.
• a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine dedicated to the stretch-blow- moulding of containers from non-symmetric injection moulded preforms;
• the non-symmetric preforms including an integral handle extending from a junction point on a body of the preform; the body of the preform and the integral handle constituted from the same material.
• a method of transferring a non-symmetric preform between stages of a continuous non-symmetric preform feed rotating stretch-blowmoulding machine the non-symmetric preform being transformed into a stretch-blow- moulded container by a step of stretching and blowing the non-symmetric preform in a cavity of the stretch-blow-moulding die; the method including the step of orienting the non- symmetrical preform so that an integral handle of the preform has a known orientation at arrival at a pick off position in the machine.
• a method of manipulating a non- symmetrical injection moulded preform into a stretch-blow-moulding die of a continuous preform feed stretch-blow-moulding machine including the step of extracting a preform from a preform preheating stage with a pick and place apparatus of a continuously rotating transfer system such that an integral handle of the preform has a predetermined orientation.
• a method of controllably heating a pre-form to a die introduction temperature comprising controllably transferring an integral handle PET pre-form onto a continuously moving conveyor; securing the preform by its neck portion to the conveyor whereby the preform is transported by the conveyor at substantially constant velocity along a reheating path from a pre-form entry location to a pre-form exit location.
• At least portions of the pre-form controllably heated to the die introduction temperature by the time it reaches the pre-form exit location.
• controllable heater array distributed along the path arranged to direct heat to selected portions of the pre-form. 13
• the pre-form controllably transferred from the preform exit location into a die for stretch blow moulding of the pre-form thereby to form a blown container.
• a method of orienting a non-symmetrical preform for entry to stages of a stretch blow-moulding machine including an integral handle extending from a first junction point below a neck of the preform to a second junction point on the body of the preform; the method including the step of providing preforms to slide down inclined rails towards an orientation mechanism while supported by the necks of the preforms along upper rails of the inclined rails.
• a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine in which injection-moulded preforms with integral handles are transferred from a first transfer system to a preheating stage; the transfer of a preform from a gripper of the first transfer system to a preform supporting mandrel achieved in one fluid motion as a vertical axis of the preform is brought into alignment with a vertical axis of the preform supporting mandrel and the handle of the preform is slid into a heat shield provided on the mandrel.
• a continuous non-symmetric preform feed stretch-blow-moulding machine dedicated to the stretch-blow-moulding of containers from non-symmetric injection moulded preforms;
• the non-symmetrical preforms including an integral handle extending from a first junction point to a second junction point on a body of the preform; the body of the preform and the integral handle constituted from the same material; the machine including a preform orientation system to orient the handle of the preform into a known orientation at arrival at a pick off position.
• the preforms are in continuous motion from an initial preform pick off point through stretch-blow-moulding into the containers and ejection from the machine as stretch-blow-moulded containers .
• the integral handle retains a shape of the handle as injection moulded through all stages of the stretch-blow-moulding machine to forming a handle on the stretch- blow-moulded container.
• the stages of the stretch-blow-moulding machine include a handle orientation stage; all preforms arriving at the pick off point having the integral handle oriented in a predetermined direction relative to motion of the preform approaching the pick off position.
• the stages of the stretch-blow-moulding machine include a continuously rotating first transfer system transferring preforms from a continuously rotating preform feeder wheel at the preform pick off position to a transfer to preheating position at a continuously rotating preheating stage.
• a first pick and place apparatus of the first transfer system includes a preform grasping gripper; reciprocating rotation and linear displacement of the grasping 14 gripper induced by a combination of a rotating carrier of the pick and place apparatus and two cam loci.
• a method of controllably heating a pre-form to a die introduction temperature comprising
• the pre-form controllably transferred from the preform exit location into a die for stretch blow moulding of the pre-form thereby to form a blown container
• the preform comprises an open neck portion and a hollow body extending from the neck portion; at least a portion of the walls of the hollow body varying in thickness, and wherein cross sections of at least a portion of inner surface of the hollow body are ovoid in section.
• the handle portion is solid and has a first end and a second end; the first end integrally connected at a first, upper location to the pre-form; the second end integrally connected at a second, lower location to the pre-form.
• the first, upper location is located on the body portion.
• the first, upper location is located on the neck portion.
• the second, lower location is located on the body portion.
• the elements are arranged in modules; the modules arrayed around the continuously rotating preform conveyer; the elements controlled as a group based on height wherein the top most elements of the modules are controlled to a predetermined temperature together whilst the next down in height elements are also controlled together to a predetermined temperature - and so on down to elements at the lowest level.
• a processor controls the speed of rotation of a motor in order to control the continuous speed of advancement of the preforms.
• a temperature sensor provides environment temperature sensing which is utilised by processor to modulate the degree of heating of all elements by a difference factor delta (D).
• D difference factor delta
• the step of controllably transferring the integral handle PET pre-form onto the continuously moving conveyor includes orienting the handle of the preform into a known orientation at arrival at a pick off position.
• the preform comprising an open neck portion and a hollow body extending from the neck portion; the preform further including an integrally injection- moulded handle; at least a portion of walls of the hollow body varying in thicknesses.
• At least a portion of an inner surface of the hollow body is non- concentric with outer surfaces of the hollow body.
• the outer surfaces of the hollow body are defined by diameters centred on a central longitudinal axis of the preform to form a substantially cylindrical body.
• the cross sections of at least a portion of the inner surface of the hollow body are ovoid in section.
• a method of optimizing wall thickness in a stretch-blow-moulded container including the steps of: injection moulding hollow preforms in which at least a lower portion of each preform has internal cross sections non-concentric with external surfaces of the lower portion,
• a mandrel forming internal surfaces of an injection-moulded hollow preform; the mandrel including at least one portion with cross sections which are non-concentric with diameters defining outer surfaces of the preform.
• centres of the cross sections of ovoid shape are centred on a longitudinal axis of the preform.
• centres of the cross sections of ovoid shape are offset from a longitudinal axis of the preform.
• centres of circular cross sections of a portion of the hollow body are offset from a longitudinal axis of the hollow body. 16
• Figure 1 is a side view of a perform with integral handle for stretch blowmoulding a container by means of a continuous blow moulding machine
• Figure 2 is a side view of a container with integral handle stretch blow-moulded from the preform of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a plan view of the stretch blow-moulding machine producing the container of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 is a side view of a preform orientation and loading section of the machine of Figure 3;
• Figure 4A is a plan view of the preform orientation and loading section of the machine of Figure 3;
• Figure 4B is a plan view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform orientation arrangement for the machine of Figure 3;
• Figure 4C is a side elevation view of the orientation arrangement of Figure 4B;
• Figure 4D is a perspective view from below of the orientation arrangement of
• Figure 5 is a plan view of a loading end of the preform orientation and loading section of Figure 4 and a first preform transfer system
• Figure 6 is a side view of the first preform transfer system of Figure 5;
• Figure 7 is a plan view of a portion of the preform transfer system of Figures 5 and 6 and a preform loading and unloading area of a preform preheating stage of the machine;
• Figure 8 is a perspective view of a perform of Figure 1 inserted into a mandrel with heat shield for transport through the preform preheating stage of the machine;
• Figure 9 is an enlarged plan view of section of the machine showing a portion of the preform loading and unloading area of Figure 7, a second transfer system and a portion of the stretch-blow-moulding dies assembly of the machine;
• Figure 10 is a front view of one half of a stretch-blow- moulding die for the production of the container shown in Figure 2; 17
• Figure 11 is a plan view of a portion of the machine of Figure 3 showing the region of transfer of blown containers from a stretch-blow-moulding die to a container receiving bin;
• Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of control components associated with control of the heating and transport of the preforms usable with any of the above described embodiments;
• Figure 13 is a side view of a typical injection-moulded preform for stretch-blowmoulding of a polymer container according to prior art.
• Figure 13A is a sectioned side view of a preform according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in which a central vertical plane passing through a central vertical axis of the preform lies in the plane of the paper,
• Figure 14 is a side view of a mandrel for injection-moulding the preform of Figure
• Figure 15 is cross section along the vertical central axis of the mandrel of Figure
• Figure 16 is a cross section along the vertical central axis of the mandrel of Figure 3 taken at the level B-B;
• Figure 17 is a side view of a container stretch-blow-moulded from the preform of Figure 2;
• Figure 18 is an end view of the container of Figure 17;
• Figure 19 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 19A and 19B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 19;
• Figure 20 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 20A and 20B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 20;
• Figure 21 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 21A and 21B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 21;
• Figure 22 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 22A and 22B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 22; 18
• Figure 23 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 23 A and 23B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 23;
• Figure 24 is a schematic view of an injection moulding process for producing the preforms of Figures 13 A and 19, 20 to 23;
• Figure 25 is a container with integral handle as blow-moulded from the preform of Figure 13,
• Figure 26 is a preform of reduced PET volume according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 27 is a cross section view of the body of the preform of Figure 26 showing variations in wall thickness
• Figure 28 is a side view of a container stretch-blow-moulded from the preform of Figures 26 and 27,
• Figure 29 is a further side view of a preform with integrally formed handle according for stretch-blow-moulding in the machine of the invention.
• Figure 30 is a sectioned, schematic side view of an injection moulding press and injection moulding die for moulding the preforms for use in the continuous rotating stretch- blow-moulding machine of the invention, with the die opened prior to an injection moulding cycle,
• Figure 31 is a front view of the face of the moving die section of the injection moulding die of Figure 30 at the end of an injection moulding cycle (with the heated fixed die section removed)
• Figure 32 is a further view of a part of the injection moulding press showing extraction of moulded preforms by vacuum elements inserted into the opened die by a robot.
• Figure 33 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a preform and integrally attached handle according to the invention.
• Figure 34 is an end view of the preform of figure 33.
• Figure 35 is a view from above of the preform and handle of Figures 33 and 34.
• Figure 36 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention.
• Figures 36A and 36B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 36;
• Figure 37 is a sectioned side view of a further preferred embodiment of a preform according to the invention. 19
• Figures 37A and 37B are selected cross sections of the preform of Figure 37;
• Figure 38 is a perspective view of a container according to an embodiment of the invention having variable wall thickness as a function of radial angle in selected horizontal planes,
• Figure 39 is a side view of the container of figure 38 defining the selected horizontal planes
• Figure 40 is a view from above of the container of Figure 38 defining angle references and graphing wall thickness through the selected planes XX, YY, ZZ.
• Figure 41 is a schematic plan view of a container reorientation device located intermediate the stretch blow-moulding machine and a filling and capping machine.
• Figure 42 is a side view of a preform with an integral handle attached at two locations arranged and manufactured according to further preferred embodiments.
• Figure 43 is a side view of a container stretch blow-moulded from the preform of figure 42.
• Figure 44 is a side view of a preform with an integral handle attached at a single point according to the invention.
• Figure 45 is a side view of a container with a single connect integral handle for stretch blow-moulded from the preform of figure 44.
• Figure 46 is a side section view of a further example of a preform with a handle attached at a single point with an alternative variable wall profile.
• Figure 47 is a side section view of a further example of a preform with a handle attached at a single point with an alternative variable wall profile.
• Figure 48 is a side view of a preform for stretch blow-moulding a container with an integral, double-connected handle.
• Figure 49 is a side view of the preform of figure 1, distorted after passage through a preconditioning stage in a stretch blow-moulding machine.
• Figure 50 is a front view of one half of a stretch blow-moulding die adapted to correct distortion of the preform of figure 49.
• Figure 51 is a side view of a container with integral double-connected handle stretch blow-moulded from the preform of figure 49 in the die of figure 50.
• Figure 52 is a side view of a preform for stretch blow-moulding a container with an integral, single-connected handle distorted after preheating;
• Figure 53 is a side view of a container with integral single-connected handle stretch blow-moulded from the preform of figure 6 in the die of figure 52; 20
• Figure 54 is a further side view of the container of figure 53
• the continuous stretch blow moulding system will be described first and then the specified applications will follow.
• the stretch blown moulding system may be a single stage moulding system.
• it may be a one and a half stage system.
• it may be a two-stage system.
• the system stretch blows integral handle PET containers from non-symmetric injection moulded preforms; the non-symmetric preforms including an integral handle extending from at least one junction point on a body of the preform; the body of the preform and the integral handle constituted from the same PET material.
• a feature of the present continuous machine 10 is that motion through the machine of a non-symmetric injection moulded preform 12 as shown in Figure 1, from its initial intake to its emergence as a stretch blow-moulded container 14 (as shown in Figure 2), is continuous.
• the previously injection moulded polymer preform comprises a cylindrical elongate body 16 and neck 18.
• An integral handle 20 extends from a first junction point 22 just below the neck 18 to a second junction point 24 on the body 16 of the preform.
• the continuous, non-incrementing process of the machine 10 includes the transfer of preforms from a loading or pick off position 26 to a preheating stage 28, through the preheating stage and transfer to a stretch-blow moulding die 30 with subsequent removal of the blown container 14 from the die and removal from the machine.
• the previously injection moulded preforms 12 are fed, for example from a hopper (not shown but as well understood in the industry) to slide under gravity down inclined rails 32 while supported by their necks 18.
• the inclined rails 32 comprise a pair of upper rails 32a between which the preforms are suspended by their necks 18, and a pair of lower rails 32b which constrain the handles 20 of the preforms approximately in line with the long axis of the rails.
• Preforms 12 with a handle roughly oriented pass one by one through an escapement 34 to be captured by a continuously rotating feeder wheel 36 which carries the preform between the feeder wheel and a short rail 40, in such a way that friction between the body 16 of the preform and the rail 40 induces rotation of the preform and its handle.
• the rotating handle collides with a stop 40a under the rail 40 forcing each handle into a rearward orientation with respect to the direction of travel, to arrive at a pick off position 26.
• the injection moulded preforms 12 are again fed onto inclined rails 32a, down which they slide under gravity supported by the flanges at the necks 18.
• the handles are loosely constrained between lower rails 32b, with the handles either in a “leading”, that is pointing in the direction of movement of the preforms as they progress down the incline, or “trailing”, pointing rearwardly.
• an orientation mechanism 34A is located at a point along the rails 32 approaching the lower end of the rails.
• the mechanism includes two contra-rotating drive wheels 33 and 35, arranged at opposite sides of the rails 32, at a level coincident with the lowermost portion of the bodies of the preforms and below the lower rails 32b and the lowermost point of the handles.
• the axes of the wheels are normal to the slope of the inclined rails. Note only the lower rails 32b are shown in Figure 4 A.
• the drive wheels 33 and 35 are separated by a gap 37 which is somewhat narrower than the diameter of the body 16 of the preforms.
• Each of the wheels 33 and 35 is provided with one or two tyres 39 of a sufficiently soft polymer material to allow a preform body 16 to pass through the gap but providing a degree of grip on the body.
• drive wheel 33 rotates in an anticlockwise direction while drive wheel 35 rotates in a clockwise direction.
• the combination of these two rotations has the effect of drawing a preform through the gap 37.
• the two drive wheels do not however rotate at the same rate, with, in the preferred arrangement shown in Figure 4 A, drive wheel 35 rotating at a significantly lower rpm than that of guide wheel 33.
• a preferred ratio of rotation of drive wheel 33 to drive wheel 35 is of the order of 2: 1.
• the escapement 34 controls the feeding of the handle oriented preforms to the feeder wheel 36 as described above, retaining the trailing orientation of the handles as induced by the mechanism 34A.
• a pair of opposing actuators located under the pick off position 26, simultaneously briefly close on, and then release, the preform handle 20 to fix its orientation relative the gripper 58 which, also at that instant engages with the neck 18 of the preform.
• injection moulded preforms 12 emerge one at a time from a bulk supply via, for example, a conveyor (not shown) to be deposited centrally onto a pair of contra-rotating, downward sloping rollers 11 and 13.
• the rollers 11 and 13 are so spaced as to allow the body 16 and handle 20 of each preform to drop through the gap between them but retain the wider diameter of the projecting collar below the neck 18 of the preform.
• the rollers 11 and 13 are mounted above a pair of spaced apart guide rails 15 and 17 (as best seen in Figure 4D) similarly spaced as the gap between the rollers.
• handles 20 are constrained into approximate alignment between these rails, but at this stage handles may be “leading” or “trailing” relative to movement in the downward direction shown in Figures 4C and 4D. Since it is a requirement imposed by the design of the blow-moulding machine described below, that preform handles at entry of preforms into the feeder wheel 36 must be in the trailing position, those leading must be turned around.
• the preforms drop to the level of main support rails 19 and 21, so that preforms are now retained between these main support rails by their collars.
• a combination of gravity and pressure from following preforms forces each preform against the upward outer ends of side by side, contra-rotating auger screws 23 and 25 located on either side of a median vertical plane between the support rails.
• the flutes 27 of the auger screws are sized so as to capture between them the necks 18 of the preforms.
• the pitch of the auger screws is such as to separate preforms while being driven in the downward direction by the screws’ rotation.
• the main support rail 21 is provided at its underside with a friction strip 29 (as best seen in the enlargement inset of Figure 4D).
• This 23 friction strip 29 projects slightly into the gap between the main support rails 19 and 21 so that its inner edge engages with the body of a preform as it progresses between the augers. This friction contact urges rotation of the preform in an anticlockwise direction as seen from above.
• the rotation rate of the auger screws is such as to deliver a preform to the feeder wheel 36 in synchronization with the rotation of that wheel. Furthermore, the rotation of the auger screws provides pressure to ensure preforms proceed down the main support rails.
• a first rotating transfer system 42 is positioned adjacent the feeder wheel 36 with a continuously rotating carrier 44 of the first rotating transfer system 42 and the feeder wheel 36 contra-rotating one to the other.
• the rotating carrier 44 of the first rotating transfer system 42 includes, in this embodiment, four opposing support arms 46 extending radially from a fixed centre of rotation 48 to rotate about a vertical axis 50. Each end of the arms carries a first pick and place apparatus 52. Each first pick and place apparatus 52 includes a linear guide 54, a housing 56 which is rotatably mounted to the outer end of the support arm 46, enabling rotation of the housing 56 about a vertical axis 51.
• a two-fmgered gripper 58 is mounted to a rotary actuator 60 supported by vertical plate 62 at an outer end of a free sliding element 64 of the linear guide 54.
• the gripper fingers 66 are centred on a gripper effective vertical axis 68, with the gripper able to be rotated about the horizontal axis 61 of the rotary actuator 60.
• a fixed horizontal cam plate 70 is mounted at a level below the rotating carrier 44 so that its centre is coincident with the vertical axis 50 of the rotating earner.
• the perimeter edge 72 of the cam plate 70 forms an outer cam surface 74 and its upper surface 76 is provided with a cam channel 78 which is inboard of the perimeter edge 72 and the outer cam surface 74.
• the housing 56 of the linear guide 54 is provided with an outrigger arm 80 extending radially from the centre of rotation 82 of the linear guide 54.
• the outer end of the outrigger arm 80 supports a first cam follower 84 locating in the cam channel 78.
• the free sliding element 64 adapted to reciprocating linear motion in a horizontal plane, is provided with a second cam follower 86 with the free sliding element 64 biased by springs 88 to maintain contact between the second cam follower 86 and the outer cam surface 74.
• the cam channel 78 and outer cam surface 74 are arranged so that as a first pick and place apparatus 52 rotates past the preform pick off position 26, the rotation of the rotating carrier 44, combined with the loci of the first and second cam followers 84,86 causes the gripper 58 to be both reciprocatingly extended and retracted, and rotated relative the arm 46.
• the gripper motion is such that at the approach to the preform pick off position 26, the free sliding element 64 and thus the gripper 58 is extended followed by rotation of the linear guide 54 and gripper 58 in retrograde or negative direction relative to the direction of rotation of the rotating carrier 44.
• a preform 12 arrives at the pick off position 26 after its approximate orientation, so that the handle 20 of the preform is trailing but not yet fixed, the extending movement of the gripper 58 through the first cam follower 84 against the outer cam surface 74, brings the gripper effective axis 68 into coincidence with the central axis of the preform.
• a pair of opposing actuators located under the pick off position 26 simultaneously briefly close on, and then release, the preform handle 20 to fix its orientation relative the gripper 58 which, also at that instant engages with the neck 18 of the preform.
• the gripper 58 is then rotated positively to carry the preform 12 clear of the supporting short rail 40 and away from the pick off position 26.
• This combination of reciprocating rotation and extension and retraction of the gripper 58 compensates for the divergence of the loci of the supporting tooth formation 38 of the feeder wheel 36 and the rotating earner 44 as they contra rotate one relative the other. It is by the means of the reciprocating rotation and retraction movements of the gripper through a combination of a rotating linear guide and the two cam loci that a smooth continuous transfer of preforms is possible between two rotating elements; that of the feeder wheel 36 and the rotating carrier 44.
• the preheating transport system 90 is also in continuous movement and comprises a loop rail system 92 with proximate and distal rotating guide wheels 94 and 96 respectively at either end of the loop.
• a plurality of preform supporting mandrels 98 are adapted to move around the loop rail system 92, driven into motion around the straight sections of the loop by a drive chain (not shown) to which they are fixed and around the guide wheels 94,96 by nesting in niches 103 of the guide wheels.
• the mandrels 98 are continuously rotated about their vertical axes.
• Preheating of the preform 12 is required for the body 16 of the preform, that is for that portion of the preform which will be subjected to stretching and blow-moulding, to sufficiently soften the polymer.
• the handle 20 and the neck 18 which retain their as injection moulded form in the blown container shown in Figure 3, must be protected from 25 excessive heat as the preform moves through the preheating stage.
• a preform supporting mandrel 98 is provided with a heat shield 100 comprising a channel 102 rising from a cylindrical collar 104 in which the handle 20 is protected while the neck 18 is protected by its insertion into the cylindrical collar 104 of the mandrel.
• the patterns of the outer cam surface 74 and that of the cam channel 78 of the first rotating transfer system 42 as shown in Figure 5, near the pick off position 26 differ from those at the approach to, and following the preform transfer to preheating position 106. This reflects the difference in movements required of a gripper 58 as it steers the preform into the position in which the vertical axis of the preform becomes aligned with that of the cylindrical collar 104 of the mandrel 98 and the handle 20 is aligned with the heat shield channel 102.
• the mandrels supported in the chain of the preheating transport system 90 travel along the first straight section 112, around the distal rotating guide wheel 96 and back along the second straight section 114 to arrive at a transfer- from-mandrel position 116. While traversing these straight sections, the mandrels are rotated about their vertical axes by a gear 105 of the mandrel engaging with chain 107 to evenly expose the bodies of the preforms to heat from the banks 110 of heating elements 109.
• the heating elements 109 are each arranged as a series of infra-red heating elements which are individually adjustable as to their proximity to the passing preforms.
• each mandrel 98 at both the transfer to preheating position 106 and at the transfer from mandrel position 116 is critical to allow the respective first and second transfer systems to insert and extract a preform handle from the channel of the mandrel’s heat shield.
• These heat shield orientations with respect to the periphery of the proximate guide wheel 94 are not the same at these two positions so that the orientation of the mandrel and its heat shield need to be changed from that demanded at the 26 handle extraction position to that required at the handle insertion position.
• each mandrel is provided with a guide carriage 98a fixed to the mandrel.
• cam followers 98b and 98c engage with guide channels to rotate the mandrel into the required orientation.
• the cam followers 98b and 98c follow cam channels of a cam plate above the proximate guide wheel to bring the orientation of the heat shield to that required at the transfer-to -preheating position 106.
• a second rotating transfer system 118 operates to transfer preforms 12 from the preheating transport system 90 to a stretch blow moulding die assembly 120.
• the stretch blow moulding die assembly 120 comprises of four stretch blow moulding dies 30, two of which can be seen in the truncated view of the machine in Figure 9.
• four radially disposed stretch blow moulding dies 30 rotate continuously about a common centre 122.
• the second rotating transfer system 118 is of similar configuration to that of the first rotating transfer system 42 described above. That is, it includes a cam plate 124, also provided with an inboard cam channel 126 and an outer cam surface 128 around its periphery.
• second rotating transfer system 118 includes two, rather than four, continuously rotating opposing radial arms 130, each of which carries a second pick and place apparatus 132.
• each includes a linear guide rotatably mounted to the respective outer end of the radial arm 130, with the free sliding element of the linear guide supporting a rotary actuator which, in turn supports a gripper.
• a first cam follower of an outrigger arm attached to the housing of the linear guide locates in the inboard cam channel 126, while a second cam follower of the free sliding element of the linear guide remains in contact with the outer cam surface 128 by means of a spring.
• preforms still retained in preform supporting mandrels 98 arrive back at the rotating proximate guide wheel 94 of the preheating system and approach the transfer-from- mandrel position 116, and are rotated into the required orientation of the heat shield as explained above.
• the cylindrical plunger 108 of a mandrel 98 approaching the transfer-from- mandrel position 116 lifts the preform so that the neck is clear of the cylindrical collar 104 to allow the gripper of the second rotating transfer system 118 to engage the preform by the exposed neck 18.
• Stretch blow moulding dies of the die assembly 120 are in the form of two die halves 136, one of which is shown in Figure 10.
• Die halves 136 are hinged together about a vertical axis 142 in the maimer of a bivalve, and with the hinge supported from a central structure 146 of the die assembly 130 in a typical arrangement for radial stretch-blow moulding machines.
• the face surface 138 of the die half shown in Figure 10 has been shaded to highlight the die cavity 148 for the body 16 and integral handle 20 of the preform.
• the neck 18 which remains unaltered in the stretch-blow-moulding process, projects out of the die when closed.
• a radial arm 130 with a preform retained in the gripper of the second pick and place apparatus 132 also approaches the loading position.
• the movements of the second pick and place apparatus 132 has brought the gripper effective vertical axis and thus the vertical axis of the preform into coincidence with the axis 156 of the die (as defined by the centre of the preform body when held in the die) and with the handle oriented to lie in the vertical plane defined by the straight line 154.
• a third rotating transfer system 160 is located adjacent the stretch-blow-moulding die assembly 120, and is configured in similar manner to that of the first and second rotating transfer systems 42,132 described above.
• the third rotating transfer system 160 includes opposing radial arm 162 at the ends of each of which is a third pick and place assembly 164. It does not however include a rotary actuator 28 since the container which emerges from the die remains in an upright position through the discharge process.
• movements of a gripper 166 is controlled by a combination of the rotation of the opposing radial arms 160, the linear movement of the free element of the linear guide and the two cam loci.
• the third rotating transfer system 160 continuous to rotate, taking the container 14 held by the gripper 166 into a discharge channel 172, with the base of the container passing over a guide rail 170.
• Guide rail 170 transitions from concentricity with the third rotating transfer system to concentricity with a rotating two-tiered outfeed wheel 172.
• the gripper 166 releases the neck and retracts.
• a scalloped indentation 172a of the rotating outfeed wheel captures the body of the container feeding it into a discharge channel 178.
• the base of the container receives cooling air from orifices 182 in guide rail 170, backpressure from accumulating containers in the discharge channel 172 force containers to drop into a container receiving bin 180, or in the case of containers being transferred to a filling and capping machine onto a conveyor 178 as shown in figure 38.
• the operation of the machine 10 is under the control a programmable logic controller.
• the controller provides for fully adjustability of the parameters of the preheating elements and of the parameters of the stretch-blow-moulding dies. This includes setting differential temperature gradients allowing for a gradually increasing exposure to heat as preforms progress around the preheating transport system, and automatic adjustment of heating element temperatures for changing ambient temperatures.
• Control of the preheating is particularly critical in the present system because of the unique characteristics of the preform dictated by the integral handle of the preform.
• the preheating is thus designed to allow for lateral flow of material in the area between the two junction points of the handle while limiting longitudinal flow and extension during the stretching phase of the stretch-blow-moulding process. Instead, the manner in which heat is applied to the preform ensures that the bulk of polymer which forms the outer shell of the container of Figure 2, is produced from that region of the preform below the lower junction point of the handle.
• Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of control components associated with control of the heating and transport of the preforms usable with any of the above described 29 embodiments.
• each bank 110 comprises a module 201.
• the modules 201 are arranged sequentially around the conveyer 202 as illustrated in figure 12.
• a processor 203 in conjunction with memory 204 executes a program for control of the heating elements 109 of the modules 201.
• each element 109 of each module 201 is controlled individually by the processor 203.
• the elements 109 are controlled as a group based on height - so the top most elements 109 of the modules 201 are controlled to a predetermined temperature together whilst the next down in height elements 109B are also controlled together to a predetermined temperature - and so on down to elements 109G at the lowest level.
• processor 203 controls the speed of rotation of motor 205 in order to control the continuous speed of the preforms 16.
• a temperature sensor 206 in one form an infrared temperature sensor provides environment temperature sensing which is utilised by processor 203 to modulate the degree of heating of all elements 109 by a difference factor delta (D).
• D difference factor delta
• the stretch-blow-moulding machine is especially developed for, and adapted to, the feeding and transportation of a non-symmetrical preform with integral handle and, ultimately the stretch-blow-moulding of that preform into a container with an integral handle.
• the preform according to the invention may take a number of different forms described below, although common to all are the neck portion 18 and the integral handle 20 as shown in Figure 1.
• the preforms now to be described differ primarily in respect of the configuration of their internal surfaces, offering benefits of improved distribution of polymer material to the walls of the blown container as well as significant improvement in economy of manufacture due to reductions in the volume of polymer required.
• a preform 310 according to the invention as shown in Figure 13 A includes a finished neck portion 312 and a tubular hollow body portion 314 extending from below the neck portion. Similar to preforms of the prior art, the outer surfaces of the body portion 314 are defined by diameters centred on a central vertical axis 316, so that the body portion 314 approximates a cylinder but with a decrease in diameters 30 from the neck portion 312 to the closed end 318 of the preform.
• the internal surfaces of the preform 310 include surfaces of the hollow body portion 314 which are not concentric with the outer surfaces.
• cross sections of the internal surfaces of the preform 310 are circular and concentric in the neck portion 312 of the preform as indicated by the cross-section A-A, but below the neck portion are of ovoid form as indicated by section B-B. All sections are however centred on the central longitudinal axis 316 of the body of the preform.
• the mandrel 322 around which the preform 310 is injection moulded comprises an upper region 324 of circular cross sections adapted to position and retain the mandrel in its correct position in an injection moulding cavity.
• a first prefoim-defming portion 326 of the mandrel extends from this upper region 324 to a depth equal to that of the neck portion 312 and is of circular cross section A- A as shown in Figure 4 to form the concentric walls of the neck portion.
• the ovoid portion 328 of the mandrel depends from the first portion 326, extending to the tip 330 of the mandrel.
• both the outer surfaces of the body portion 314 of the preform and the ovoid portion of the inside surfaces as defined by the mandrel 322, are tapering; that is, the diameters defining the external surface of the preform are decreasing from below the neck portion 312 to the bottom 318, while similarly, the major axis 344 and the minor axis 342 of the cross sections of the ovoid portion 328 also decrease accordingly.
• the preform 310 of the invention further includes, as noted above, an integral handle 334 which forms a loop of material extending vertically from an upper junction 336 below the neck portion 312 to a lower junction 338 with the outer surface of the preform.
• the handle 334 is centred on and defines a central vertical plane 340 (lying in the plane of the paper) which contains the central longitudinal axis 316 of the preform.
• the wall thicknesses of the preform 310 in that portion 328 of the preform in which the inner surfaces are defined by the ovoid cross section varies from a maximum at opposite ends of the minor axes 342 of the ovoid cross section to minimum thicknesses at outer ends of the major axis 340.
• the ratio of maximum wall thickness to minimum wall thickness of the ovoid 31 portion lies in the range of 2: 1 and 2.2:1.
• the preform of the first embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• the exterior surface 410 of the preform 400 of this embodiment is of substantially cylindrical form. As for the first embodiment above, it too includes an integrally injection moulded handle 434.
• the internal surfaces 414 of the preform are consistently circular in section as shown in the two sample cross sections Figure 17A and Figure 17B.
• there is a tapering of the internal surface 414 so that the wall sections, though concentric to the external surface, increase from a minimum thickness at the neck portion 412 of the preform to a maximum proximate its lower end 418.
• the preform of the second embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• a preform 500 as shown in Figure 20 is formed to significantly reduce the volume of material required to produce the containers shown in Figures 17 and 18.
• the preform 500 includes an injection moulded integral handle 534.
• the neck portion 512 is identical in its exterior and internal forms to that of the earlier embodiments, there is a substantial reduction in the diameter of the substantially cylindrical portion of the body of the preform below the neck portion.
• the internal surfaces of the preform are consistently circular in section as shown in the two sample cross sections A and B of Figures 20A and 20B, but taper with the wall sections increasing from the minimum thickness obtaining in the neck portion and through the transition in diameters below the neck portion, to a maximum wall thickness proximate the lower end 518 of the preform.
• the outer surface 510 below the neck portion 512 also tapers towards the lower end 518.
• the preform of the third embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• this preferred embodiment of a preform 600 shares a number of characteristics with that of the first and second preferred embodiments above. It has, (as have all the preform embodiments of the present invention), an integral handle 634 as previously described, and, as in the first preferred embodiment above, the internal surfaces 614 of the preform are not consistently of circular section throughout the length of the preform. However, the external surfaces 610 of the perform are substantially cylindrical in form as in the second preferred embodiment.
• the internal surface 614 varies from circular in cross section from the neck portion 612 down to section A-A in Figure 21 A, to then transition to an ovoid section B-B as shown in Figure 21B, approaching the lower end 618.
• a feature of this particular embodiment is that the wall thickness of the ovoid portion of the internal surface 614 of the perform at the ends of the major axes remains constant with the wall thicknesses of the concentric cross sections from section A-A and upwards, while there is a thickening of the walls increasing to maximum at the minor axis of the ovoid cross section.
• the preform of the fourth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification. In preferred forms the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform of this embodiment of a preform 700 shown in Figure 22 is similar to that of the fourth preferred embodiment above, but here, as shown in the cross section views A-A and B-B of Figures 22 A and 22b, the wall thickness at the outer ends of the major axes of the ovoid cross section portion of the preform is not maintained equal with the wall thickness of at and below the neck portion 712. Rather the wall thickness gradually increases from below the neck portion towards the lower end 718 of the preform.
• preforms including those of the present invention, are typically injection moulded in multi-cavity dies 800 in which the cavities 820 in the die conform to the outer shape of the preform, including in the present cases, the shape of the integral handle.
• the mandrels 840 for forming the internal surfaces will also be of circular cross sections.
• the only requirement for positioning such a mandrel relative the injection- 33 moulding cavity is its concentricity with the neck portion of the cavity.
• a mandrel for producing an internal surface of a preform which is wholly or partially non-circular in section may firstly require, a considerably more complex machining operation and, secondly it must be specifically oriented in the injection-moulding cavity.
• Mandrels for preforms with non-circular cross sections must be positioned within the cavities of an injection-moulding die 820, one half of which is shown in Figure 24 so that the major axes of the ovoid portion are aligned relative to a vertical central plane of the cavities.
• that vertical plane is the plane on which the handle of the preform is centred as set out above (in effect the face 842 of the die half).
• the orientation of the preform must be maintained in the cavity of the stretch-blow-moulding machine. That is, the vertical plane of the preform must coincide with a defined vertical plane of the container.
• the vertical plane of the preform is defined by the integral handle and is made coincident in the stretch-blow-moulding cavity with the central vertical plane of the blown container which again is central to the integral handle of the container.
• the die halves are brought together to close the die and the array of mandrels 840 driven into the cavities 820.
• the injection nozzle 848 is then advanced into the injection pocket 844 and molten polymer forced through the runner system 846 to fill the spaces between the external surfaces of the cavities 820 and the mandrels 840 to produce the preforms.
• the above description has focused in some embodiments on use of ovoid or offset cross sections to vary the wall thicknesses of at least a portion of a preform at any given cross section of that portion, it will be understood that such variation can be achieved with other non- concentric shaping of the mandrel.
• the ovoid cross sections described for the preferred embodiment are centred on the vertical axis of the preform, other material distribution effects may be achieved by an asymmetric positioning of these cross section.
• the preform of the fifth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification. In preferred forms the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform 900 is provided with a wall thickness 911 in the region between the junction points 936 and 938 of the integrally injection-moulded handle 934 specifically to optimise control of the material in this region in the stretch-blow-moulding stage of producing a container from the preform.
• the external surface 910 of the preform is again substantially cylindrical.
• the internal surface 914 of the preform is likewise formed of circular cross sections, but as can be seen in both the side sectioned view of Figure 23 A and cross section AA of Figure 23 A, the centres of a portion of the cross sections (typified by section A- A) do not lie on the central axis 930 of the body of the preform, but are offset towards the handle 34
• the effect is to “thin” the wall thickness in the region between the junction points 936 and 938 of the handle. This is possible and desirable, because firstly there is a lesser volume of material required to form the container since there is no longitudinal stretching of this region and, secondly the thinning provides a significant cost saving in material.
• the preform of the sixth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• a preform 1000 for stretch-blow-moulding the container 1040 shown in Figure 28 is comprised of a neck portion 1012, a collar 1014 and a body 1016 extending from below the collar.
• the preform 1000 includes an integral handle 1018 joined to the body 1016 at first junction position 1020 just below the collar 1014 and a second junction position 1022 along the length of the body.
• the first cylindrical portion 1024 of the body extending below the collar 1014 is substantially of constant diameter, and in the region immediately below the collar, the diameter is substantially that of the finished container as can be seen in Figure 28.
• this second portion 1026 of the body is not cylindrical but forms a portion of a narrow cone, with the base diameter 1030 of the cone, that is its largest diameter, significantly smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical portion 1024.
• this large reduction in diameter and the tapering provide a first significant reduction in the volume of PET contained in the preform of the invention.
• the walls of the body 1016 of the preform 1000 vary considerably in thickness. While the wall thickness of the neck portion 1012 and the first portion 1024 below the collar 1014 are substantially of a constant thickness, that of the second portion 1026 varies from a relatively thin wall section at the base diameter 1030, to a maximum thickness proximate the tangent line 1028.
• the wall thickness of the bottom portion 1032 is further varied, being reduced from the maximum thickness at the tangent line 1028 to a minimum at the base of the bottom portion.
• these variation in wall thicknesses are designed to evenly distribute the volume of PET material to various areas of the walls of the stretch-blow-moulded container 1040 shown in Figure 28, to an average thickness of approximately 0.5mm.
• the preform of the seventh embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• a preform 2100 in a preferred form of the preform, includes a neck 2102, a body portion 2103 and a handle 2113.
• the neck 2102 has a threaded portion 2104 and a locating ring 2105.
• the preform is injection moulded from PET material in accordance with the teaching elsewhere in this specification.
• the handle in its configuration as injection moulded in its preform state, remains unaltered by the stretch blow moulding process forming the resulting container from the continuous blow moulding process described elsewhere in this specification.
• the preform 2100 shown in Figures 33 to 35 is fed into a blow moulding machine such for example as the machine 10 shown schematically in Figure 3, and blow moulded according to bi-axial orientation blow moulding techniques.
• a blow moulding machine such for example as the machine 10 shown schematically in Figure 3, and blow moulded according to bi-axial orientation blow moulding techniques.
• the neck 2102 is held in a mandrel 322, as shown in Figures 14 of a transport system of the machine 10 in such a way as to prevent its expansion in the stretch blow-moulding die 30.
• the loop of orientable material forming the handle 2113 has a generally uniform cross section from proximate the lower connection region 2116 to a gradually widening cross section 2124 approaching the upper comiection region 2115 with the cross section reaching and maintaining a maximum width proximate the upper connection region 2115 as can be seen in Figures 34 and 35.
• integrally moulded first, second and third strengthening elements 2135, 2136 and 2137 are provided respectively at each of the upper connection region 2115, the lower connection region 2116 and at the junction between the straight section 2118 and the arcuate section 2120 of the handle 2113.
• the first strengthening element 2135 at the upper connection region 2115 comprises a curved strengthening element conforming generally in width and in cross section to the width and cross section of the widened portion 2124 of the handle proximate the upper connection region.
• the curved strengthening element extends from a first separate connection region 2140 on the body portion 2103 of the preform (and on the blown container) below the upper connection region 2115 and merges with the loop of orientable material proximate a first end 2141 of the maximum width of the handle.
• the second strengthening element 2136 at the lower connection region 2116 of the handle comprises a straight strengthening element conforming generally in width and 36 cross section with the width and cross section of the straight section 2118.
• the straight strengthening element extends ifom a second separate connection region 2142 above the lower connection region 2116 of the straight section of the handle, to merge with the straight section of the handle proximate the lower connection region.
• the third strengthening element 2137 at the junction of the straight section 2118 and the arcuate section 2120 of the handle comprises a further curved strengthening element conforming generally in width and cross section with the width and cross section of the handle of both the straight section 2118 and the arcuate section 2120 adjacent the junction. Respective outer ends of this further curved element merge with each of the straight 2118 and arcuate 2120 sections.
• the width of the first strengthening element 2135 is the same as that of the maximum width of the widened part 2124 of the handle proximate the upper connection region 2115. It is this increased width of the first strengthening element 2135 which provides for a larger area for distributing the load of a container over the index finger of a hand (not shown) lifting the container, while the curvature of the first strengthening element is selected to fit comfortably on the average index finger of a human hand.
• each strengthening element 2135, 2136 and 2137 includes a web of orientable material within boundaries formed respectively between the body portion 2112 of the preform and the first and second strengthening elements 2135 and 2136, and between the third strengthening element 2137 and the straight and arcuate sections 2118 and 2120.
• Each web of orientable material is aligned with and extends equally in both directions from the central line 2132 of handle.
• the preform of the eighth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• FIG 36 With reference to figure 36 there is illustrated a ninth embodiment of the preform showing alternative cross section arrangements for the purpose of reducing volume of the preform.
• like components are numbered as for the fourth embodiment with reference to figure 21.
• the cross section wall profile as shown in section AA and section BB is rotated 90 degrees as compared with the wall profile of figure 21.
• the preform of the ninth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• FIG 37 With reference to figure 37 there is illustrated a tenth embodiment of the preform showing alternative cross section arrangements for the purpose of reducing volume of the preform.
• like components are numbered as for the fifth embodiment with reference to figure 22.
• the cross section wall profile as shown in section AA and section BB is rotated 90 degrees as compared with the wall profile of figure 22.
• the preform of the tenth embodiment is produced by an injection moulding process as described earlier in this specification.
• the preform thus 37 produced is reheated and blown on a continuously rotating, non-symmetric preform feed, stretch-blow-moulding machine as described earlier in this specification.
• a blown container having a variable wall thickness as a function of radial angle in a horizontal plane and also as a function of the location of the horizontal plane through the blown container 950.
• the variation may be achieved by a selection of preform wall thickness from amongst the various preform profiles described earlier in the specification.
• the variation in the wall thickness of the blown container may also be achieved independently of the preform wall thickness profile by construction of the interior of the blow mould to assist and encourage differential stretch blowing of different regions of the preform as the walls of the preform located in the blow mould are stretched in both the horizontal and vertical directions to the extent that such is permitted by the internal walls of the preform cavity and the cavity in which the handle 950 is nested.
• control over the wall thickness of the blown container is achieved by a combination of selection of preform wall thickness and blow mould cavity design.
• control over the wall thickness of the blown container is also achieved by control over the temperature profile of the preform walls immediately prior to the introduction to the blow mould cavity.
• This control can be achieved by the shape of the shields covering the handle of the preform during the reheating phase.
• This control can be achieved by timing of the progression of the preforms through the reheating phase.
• a PET container 950 having a neck portion 951 and a body portion 952 to which is integrally connected a PET handle 953; the PET handle 953 integrally connected at least a first connection point 954 to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip 955 of PET material is located on the container 950 under the PET handle 953.
• Figure 38 further illustrates a PET container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected to a PET handle; the PET handle comprising an elongate portion of PET material integrally connected at least a first connection point to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the elongate portion of PET material.
• Figure 38 further illustrates a PET container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected to a PET handle; the PET handle integrally connected at least a first connection point to the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the PET handle.
• the handle 953 and the narrow strip 955 form a solid mass 956 thereby to maintain the integral connection between the handle 953 and the blown container 950.
• the integrally connected handle and the narrow strip form a solid connected mass thereby to strengthen the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• a PET container stretch blow-moulded from a preform the preform and the container having a neck portion and a body portion to which is integrally connected a PET handle; the PET handle 38 comprising an elongate portion of PET material integrally connected at least at a first connection point on a body portion of the preform and to on the container; the PET container blown from a PET preform in a stretch blow moulding process; wherein a region in the form of a strip of PET material is located on the preform and corresponding container opposite the elongate portion of PET material handle; the strip of material differentiated in thickness from thickness of a wall of the container on a side opposite from that of the connection point.
• the handle and the narrow strip forms a solid mass thereby to maintain the integral connection between the handle and the blown container.
• the elongate portion of PET material comprises a stem.
• the PET handle is connected at a second connection point to the container.
• the first connection point is an upper connection point.
• connection point is a lower connection point.
• the preform has a neck portion and an expandable portion located there below the neck portion.
• the region of the preform body defined by the strip between the two attachment points remains substantially stable during the stretching and blowing of the container
• both the regions of the outer and inner surface layers laterally away from the narrow trip are subjected to biaxial stretching.
• the outer surface of the narrow strip remains substantially stable but the wall of the container at the strip and the inner layers between the handle attachment points undergoes a degree of flow and thinning together with surrounding regions as the plasticised PET material comes under the influence of the stretching and blowing forces.
• the PET handle is formed in the same mould as and at the same time as the preform is moulded.
• the loading of plastics material in the region of the wall subtended between the first location and the second location is differentially controlled as a function of location on the circumference of the wall in this regiom
• the region is designated the differential loading region.
• the differential material loading is a function of circumferential position on walls of the preform aids in providing control over the wall thickness of the blown container.
• the stretch blow moulding process is a two stage stretch blow moulding process.
• the differential loading region subtended between the first location and the second location remains substantially unchanged during the blowing process.
• the differential loading region is an extension of and part of the neck portion of the preform.
• the preform includes a symmetrical thickening of the wall of the preform in the lower region of the body portion which extends from immediately below the point of connection of the lower end of handle.
• the wall thickening of the preform tapers gradually from a first thickness T1 to a second thinner thickness T2.
• the thickening is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the preform.
• the thickening results in a controllable increase in the thickness of material in the blown container in the corresponding intermediate region, and also in a sub- region immediately below the first connection point of the lower end of handle.
• the thickening results in a controllable increase in the thickness of material in the blown container in the corresponding intermediate region, and also in a sub- region immediately below the second comiection point of the lower end of handle.
• the preform includes an integral PET handle 1426 in this instance connected at least at an upper connection point 1422.
• the handle 1426 is also connected at a lower connection point 1424.
• the wall thickness of the preform may be differentiated throughout the preform in order to achieve particular end wall thicknesses of the container 1428 blown there from - see Figure 43.
• the wall thickness 1421A in the region of the preform 1420A located beneath the handle 1426 and on the side of the preform closest to the handle 1426 may be differentiated from the wall thickness 1441A in a region 1440A located on an opposite side of the perform from the region 1420 A.
• the intention is to control preform wall thickness so that the wall thickness of corresponding locations on the blown container 1428 is such that the wall thickness 1421B in the region of the container 1420B located beneath the handle 1426 and on the side of the container closest to the handle 1426 may be differentiated from the wall thickness 1441B in a region 1440B located on an opposite side of the container 1428 from the region 1420B.
• the resultant differentiated wall thicknesses in the blown container may be achieved by selection of wall thicknesses in the preform 1410.
• the resultant differentiated wall thicknesses in the blown container may be achieved by selective movement of the PET in the walls during the stretch blow moulding process. In particular forms, both methodologies may be used together.
• the region 1420B is blown against a substantially planar inside wall 1460 of the blow mould 1461 (see inset of Figure 43) such that the region 1420B itself constitutes a substantially planar region.
• the upper connection point 1422 is located on a non-expanding region 1470A of the preform corresponding to a substantially non-expanding region 1470B of the resultant blow container 1428.
• the lower connection point is connected to the substantially planar region of the blown container 1410.
• a region of the wall of the blown container is differentiated in thickness by an increased loading of material in the region from the reduced wall thickness diametrically opposite the handle.
• the region 1420B may be substantially planar.
• the rigid handle 1426 and the substantially planar region form an interconnected rigid structure whereby flex of the handle 1426 in use relative to the container 1428 is resisted.
• This feature may be particularly advantageous for larger volume containers 1428 - for example four litre containers where the weight of the liquid in the container may be substantial.
• the region 1420A/ 1420B remains substantially stable, with regions laterally on either side of the region subjected to bilateral stretching.
• the handle and the planar region form a solid mass thereby to maintain the integral comiection between the handle and the blown container.
• the integral handle comprises a stem.
• the PET handle is connected at a second connection point to the container.
• the first connection point is an upper connection point.
• connection point is a lower connection point.
• the preform has an expandable portion located below the neck portion.
• the region of the preform body defined by the substantially planar region between the two attachment points remains substantially stable during the stretching and blowing of the container.
• the PET handle is formed in the same mould as and at the same time as the preform is moulded.
• Preferably loading of plastics material in the region of the wall 1420A/1420B subtended between the upper connect point and lower connection point is differentially controlled as a function of location on the circumference of the wall in this region; the region designated the differential loading region.
• differential material loading as a function of circumferential position on walls of the preform aids in providing control over the wall thickness of the blown container.
• the stretch blow molding process is a two stage stretch blow molding process.
• the differential loading region subtended between the first location and the second location remains substantially unchanged during the blowing process.
• the differential loading region is an extension of and part of the neck portion of the preform.
• the handle 1426 includes a curved strengthening element 1481 at a lower end of the handle.
• the strengthening element 1481 is located at the junction between the arcuate section 1482 and the straight sections of the handle 1483.
• the orientable plastic material is bifurcated to form an enclosing, generally triangular element 1484 which may include a central web of conforming generally triangular shape.
• Similar bifurcated and preferably webbed strengthening elements 1485 and 1486 may be provided at each of the upper and lower comiection regions.
• the integral handle of the preform is not substantially deformed or substantially changed in shape during the stretch-blow-moulding process but substantially retains its as-injection-moulded shape.
• the blow-moulding cavity shown in Figure 10 includes a recess specifically shaped to the form of the handle as injection moulded. This it will be understood is also a primary function of the heat shield to protect the handle from heat which could cause distortion of the handle while the preform is transported around the preheating stage of the machine.
• the bodies of the preforms below the neck are formed in cavities in the “hot”, fixed section of the injection moulding die, with the threaded neck portions formed in opposing half cavities carried on the face of the moving die section.
• the bodies of the preforms are drawn out of their cavities by the necks which, at this first opening stage, are retained in the still closed opposing half cavities and move with the opening die section.
• the opposing half cavities now part to release the necks and a stripper plate is activated to force the preforms off the cores (which are fixed to the moving die section).
• preforms 1100 with handles 1112 only that section 1114 below the handle can be formed in cavities 1116 in the heated, fixed section 1118 of the die 1120, with the neck 1122 and handle 1112 formed in much longer and more complex opposing half cavities 1124 carried on the moving die section 1126.
• the cores 1128 to form the internal shape of the preforms 1100 are fixed to the moving die section 1126 and are located on the common axis of the cavities 1116 in the heated fixed side of the die and the opposing half cavities.
• a robot 1130 (only a portion of the arm of which is shown in Figure 32) is employed in the demoulding of the preforms 1100.
• the robot arm end effector 1132 is fitted with an array 1134 of vacuum cups 1136, equal in number and spaced according to the number and spacing of the cavities in the injection moulding die as shown in Figure 31.
• this array 1134 of vacuum cups is poised above (or to the side of) the injection moulding die 1120 and as soon as the die opens sufficiently to allow insertion of the array, the robot brings the array into registered position between the parted sections 1118 and 1126 of the die, and advances the vacuum cups 1136 to fit over the lower ends of the preforms.
• the handles remain aligned in their as-moulded orientation to prevent rotation of the handles into positions at which they may be caught on edges of the opposing cavity halves.
• the vacuum cups are provided with a slot or channel 138 at their outer ends which slides around the lower end of the handle. By this means also a larger portion of the preform is covered by the vacuum cup. Vacuum is now applied to the cups 1136 and the robot retracts the array 1134, and the preforms 1100 now secured by vacuum pressure in the cups, to draw the preforms off the cores.
• the array of vacuum cups and retained preforms are withdrawn from between the heated fixed section 1118 and the moving side 1126 of the die, 43 and rotated so that the axes of the preforms are in a substantially vertical orientation. Vacuum pressure is then cut allowing the preforms to fall from the vacuum cups into a receiving bin.
• the advantage of the use of vacuum in the demoulding process rather than a conventional stripper plate, is that the application of vacuum aids significantly to the cooling of the preforms, thus allowing their extraction at an earlier point in the mould cycle and shortening that cycle.
• This is particularly beneficial for the preforms of the present invention in which the end below the handle, being the last part of the preform to be formed (injection proceeding from the tip of the closed end of the preform), is at the highest temperature when the die opens.
• the slot or channel which accommodates the lower part of the handle provides for a greater portion of the preform to be subjected to the cooling provided by air flow into the suction cups when vacuum is applied just before suction cups fully envelop the lower and mid portions of the preforms.
• the cooling proceeds further as the robot draws the array of vacuum cups and preforms away from the die and over a receiving bin.
• the array is then rotated from the initial as-removed from the die position, that is with the axes of the preforms horizontal, to the vertical allowing the preforms to fall out of the cups when vacuum pressure is cut, and into the receiving bin.
• PET polymer is an expensive material from which to produce what are in the main, single use bottles.
• advantages of PET firstly in the clarity of the material allowing clear viewing of a container’s contents and, secondly, that the material lends itself to recycling.
• PET containers provided with an integral handle would add a desirable feature in ease of manipulating the container.
• Some solutions are known in which a separately injection moulded handle is positioned in the stretch blowmoulding cavity and the container blown so that the ends of the handle are captured by material flowing around them, such as disclosed in JP2010-274967. But these arrangements are complicated and difficult in practice.
• the integral handle 40 of the preform 42 and of the container 44 of the present invention is connected to the cylindrical body portion 46 of the preform. It will be noted that, in this form of the handle 40, it has been found there is no need for an increased thickness of the wall in the connection region 48 or in the region 50 extending below the connection region, so that in effect the wall thickness of the cylindrical body portion 46 of the preform, is uniform. Again, that uniform wall thickness is carried over into the container 44 of figure 4, blown from the preform of figure 44. 44
• the handle 40 includes and upper arcuate portion 52 extending from the single connection region 48 which transitions into a substantially straight, downwardly projecting portion 54.
• the handle 40 comprises of a central web 56 lying in a plane passing through the centreline 58 of the body portion of the preform.
• the web 56 is bounded by a continuous edge 60 around the periphery of the web from an upper junction point 62 to a lower junction point 64 on the body portion 46 of the preform.
• the handle 40 is further comprised of a rib 66, normal to the web 56 which extends along the edge 60.
• the rib 66 projects outwardly and symmetrically from both sides of the plane so that in effect the web 56 and the rib 66 form an I-beam like cross section.
• the upper and lower cross sections of the rib 66 extend to meld with the surfaces of both the preform and of the container.
• the inward facing sections 68 of both the web 56 and the rib 66 are provided with one or more scallops configured to aid the gripping of the handle by a user.
• the handle may additionally be provided with a thumb support 70 as that shown on the container of figure 45, projecting from an upper portion of the rib.
• Figure 46 is a side section view of a further example of a preform with a handle attached at a single point with an alternative variable wall profile.
• the preform A10 has side walls having a first relatively thin thickness All near the neck end of the preform and having a second relatively thick thickness A12 near a lower end of the preform furthest from the neck A13.
• the first relatively thin thickness wall transitions to the relatively thick thickness wall by way of a transition zone A14 as illustrated in Figure 46.
• the inside wall diameter A15 reduces as a function of the length of the preform, reducing progressively away from the neck A13 thereby to create the wall thickness of the transition zone A14 and the relatively thick thickness wall A12.
• outside wall diameter A16 either remains relatively constant as a function of the length of the preform or, in alternative version, increases slightly as a function of length away the neck A13.
• the end result is a preform having a relatively thick wall thickness furthest away from the neck.
• this provides increased material for stretch blowing to form a relatively enlarged volume of a blown container blown from the preform A10.
• the rationale for the location of wall thickening in a preform intended for stretch blowing as part 45 of a two stage stretch blowing process or system is described in the technical literature - see for example Plastic Blow Moulding Handbook by N.C. Lee published Springer Netherlands 31 May 1990 - in particular pages 101 to 107 thereof.
• Figure 47 is a side section view of a further example of a preform with a handle attached at a single point with an alternative variable wall profile.
• the preform A20 has side walls having a first relatively thin thickness A21 near the neck end of the preform and having a second relatively thick thickness A22 near a lower end of the preform furthest from the neck A23.
• the first relatively thin thickness wall transitions to the relatively thick thickness wall by way of a transition zone A24 as illustrated in Figure 47.
• inside wall diameter A25 either remains relatively constant as a function of the length of the preform or, in alternative version, increases slightly as a function of length away the neck A23.
• outside wall diameter A26 increases as a function of the length of the preform, increasing progressively away from the neck A23 thereby to create the wall thickness of the transition zone A24 and the relatively thick thickness wall A22.
• the end result is a preform having a relatively thick wall thickness furthest away from the neck.
• this provides increased material for stretch blowing to form a relatively enlarged volume of a blown container blown from the preform A10.
• the rationale for the location of wall thickening in a preform intended for stretch blowing as part of a two stage stretch blowing process or system is described in the technical literature - see for example Plastic Blow Moulding Handbook by N.C. Lee published Springer Netherlands 31 May 1990 - in particular pages 101 to 107 thereof.
• Figures 48 and 49 show an injection moulded preform 10 with an integrally connected, in this instance a double-connected handle 12, as initially injection moulded and distorted subsequent to passage through a preheating conditioning stage of a stretch blow moulding machine. As can be seen in figure 49, substantial distortion of the preform may occur due to the asymmetry of the preform introduced by the integrally connected handle.
• the distortion of the cylindrical body 12 of the preform is not of major concern, as long as the stretch rod’s movement is not impaired.
• the handles must not be distorted to an extent where they cannot be properly inserted into the pockets in the stretch blow-moulding die intended to maintain their configuration during the stretch blow-moulding cycle. 46
• a minimum range of distortions is established by repeated test runs of passing injection moulded preforms 10 through the conditioning stage of the machine with carefully controlled and adjusted parameters. These parameters may include the settings and disposition of heating elements, the temperature gradients at various locations, time of passage and rotation of preforms etc. These test runs will establish a repeatable minimum range of distortions for a given set of parameters around which strategies for controlling the distortion of the handle can be devised.
• Heat shields which protect the handle from excessive heat as a preform passes through the preheating stage must be designed to accommodate a maximum distortion within the minimum distortion range.
• the design of the integrally connected handle of the injection moulded preform and the cavity of the preform injection moulding die may be adjusted so that, at least to some extent, the distortion induced by the conditioning stage will tend to bring the handle back towards the desired configuration for entry into the handle pockets in opposing cavities of a stretch blow-moulding die.
• the distortion may further be accommodated by a particular shaping of the periphery of the handle accommodating pocket.
• the handle nesting pocket 16 in each die half 18 are provided with angled lead-in surfaces 20 to guide and force a distorted handle into a proper seated position within the pocket 16.
• the outer edges 22 of the lead-in surfaces 20 is such as to define at least a maximum distortion of the range of distortions.
• the preforms of the above described embodiments provide for the stretch-blow- moulding of a container in the stretch-blow-moulding machine, which is equal in capacity to that of the container in Figure 25, but with a significant reduction in the volume of PET and conferring an optimum distribution of material from the preform to form the containers shown in Figures 17 and 18.
• the preforms of the invention provide for a considerable reduction in raw material costs in the production of PET containers with integral handle.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Robotics (AREA)
• Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
• Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-05-12 AU AU2022274706A patent/AU2022274706A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-05-12 WO PCT/AU2022/050453 patent/WO2022236375A1/en active Application Filing
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  • 2022-05-12 EP EP22806128.9A patent/EP4337440A1/de active Pending
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