EP4336108A1 - Séparation de réfrigérant dans un circuit de chauffage - Google Patents

Séparation de réfrigérant dans un circuit de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4336108A1
EP4336108A1 EP23195750.7A EP23195750A EP4336108A1 EP 4336108 A1 EP4336108 A1 EP 4336108A1 EP 23195750 A EP23195750 A EP 23195750A EP 4336108 A1 EP4336108 A1 EP 4336108A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating circuit
heat pump
safety valve
pump
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23195750.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pascal Forner
Raimund Lis
Stamm Ralf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4336108A1 publication Critical patent/EP4336108A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/12—Preventing or detecting fluid leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the separation of refrigerant that has leaked from a refrigeration circuit of a heat pump into a heating circuit. Such leaks are extremely rare, but can have serious consequences if the refrigerant is flammable. Since it became known that current safety refrigerants are extremely harmful to the climate if released into the environment, flammable refrigerants have often been used as a replacement.
  • thermodynamic properties examples include R290, R600a, R1270, R32 and R441a.
  • they have to be operated under higher working pressure than the previous refrigerants, which can lead to a leak in the condenser heat exchanger, which transfers the heat from the refrigerant to the heating circuit, causing refrigerant to enter the heating circuit on a regular basis is operated at a lower working pressure and essentially consists of water.
  • refrigerant enters the heating circuit in the event of a leak but cannot be completely released at the vent valve of the refrigerant/air separator, the refrigerant accumulates in the heating circuit. The resulting accumulation of refrigerant consequently displaces heating water.
  • the refrigerant/air separator and the safety valve in the heat pump form the highest point of the building heating circuit installation.
  • the geodetic pressure difference between the safety valve in the heat pump and other safety valves in the building heating circuit installation is reduced by the accumulation of refrigerant.
  • the circulation of the heating water must be stopped in such a case.
  • the heating pump is arranged directly behind the refrigerant/air separator and the safety valve in the direction of flow. If the accumulation of refrigerant reaches the pump and fills the pump housing in gaseous form, pumping heating water is no longer possible because heating pumps are centrifugal pumps and cannot pump gas.
  • the refrigerant accumulation of the gaseous refrigerant subsequently expands further and displaces the heating water between the safety valves of the heat pump and the building heating circuit.
  • the opening pressure of the safety valve in the heat pump is lower than the opening pressure of the other safety valves in the building heating circuit. If there are several heat generators in the building heating circuit, additional safety valves are required in the building heating circuit. This eliminates the geodetic pressure difference between the positions of the safety valves in the building heating circuit and in the heat pump.
  • the displaced water is forced into an expansion tank that is always present in a heating system.
  • the EP 3 351 868 B1 describes a heat pump device with a refrigeration circuit and a fluid circuit formed as a heating circuit with the usual facilities and safety valves. Care is taken to ensure that in the event of a refrigerant leak, the refrigerant can only escape in the refrigeration circuit housing.
  • a pressure control valve is provided in the heating circuit between the condenser and the radiator, which stops the flow when the pressure increases.
  • a safety valve can be provided between the condenser outlet and the pressure control valve and a vent valve between the pressure control valve and the radiator.
  • the geodetic height does not matter.
  • the DE 10 2020 103 743 A1 describes a heat pump system in which, viewed in the operating flow direction of the heating circuit medium, a check valve connected downstream of the heating circuit pump and a safety valve connected downstream of the heat exchanger to the primary circuit are provided. This prevents backflow into the secondary circuit in the event of a leak and blows off in the direction of flow when the pressure increases.
  • the static height, additional safety valves and the corresponding positioning of all these measures are silent DE 10 2020 103 743 A1 .
  • the DE 10 2019 123 513 A1 describes a heat pump system with a refrigeration circuit and a fluid circuit formed as a heating circuit with the usual facilities and safety valves.
  • a safety valve and vents are provided on the suction side of the circulation pump; on the pressure side, the circulation pump is followed by a first flow-influencing means in the flow of the heating system and a further flow-influencing means in the return.
  • the flow influencing devices are a pressure reducer and a check valve.
  • the geodetic height does not play a role here either.
  • the installation is particularly suitable for air/water heat pumps installed outside; these are often installed on the roof of a building or an extension, such as a garage.
  • the heating circuit pump should be located directly after the safety valve and the refrigerant/air separator, ideally also in the heat pump housing. It is clear that in systems with several building heating circuits, each of the heating circuits has a heating circuit pump, whereby what is described above applies analogously.
  • the heat pump is arranged at the top of the building or on the building, for example in an attic or a flat roof as part of a retrofitting measure, and thus above the consumers, for example underfloor heating on floors below.
  • the invention is not limited to this application. It can also be used if the heat pump has a summer switchover to cooling water, which is fed through the underfloor heating pipes instead of hot water or is used in cooling ceilings.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary heat pump installation with an indoor heat exchanger 1, through which flammable refrigerant 11 flows on one side and heating water 10 on the other side. Only the heating circuit simplified here is considered, which can also be operated as a cooling water circuit if the Heat pump has a corresponding switchover for summer operation.
  • the heating circuit water 10 coming from the indoor heat exchanger 1 is first led into the refrigerant/air separator 2, where air is separated together with gaseous refrigerant and discharged via the vent valve 3, if There has been a leak in the refrigerant/air separator. This separation can be incomplete in the event of a leak.
  • the heating circuit water then flows past the safety valve 4 in the heat pump.
  • the further treatment of the vented gases and the substances that may have accumulated in the safety valve 4 is not shown; this treatment varies depending on the installation, environment and design of the heat pump and is not the subject here.
  • Both the vent valve and the safety valve are located in the housing 9 of the heat pump.
  • the subsequent heating circuit pump 5 can also be located within the housing 9 of the heat pump, as shown here, but it can also be placed at another location in front of the heat users. It is advantageous if, in the event of a leak, the gaseous refrigerant fills the pump housing as quickly as possible and then pumping heating water is no longer possible.
  • the safety valve 6 which protects the subsequent heat exchangers, usually underfloor heating, from pressure overload.
  • the quantity equalization takes place in the expansion tank 7 due to the thermal expansion of the heating circuit water.
  • Fig. 1 also shows the position of the pressure levels p1 to p6 that can be expected in this simplified but typical heating circuit.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary heat pump installation with a second heat generator, in this example an additional electric heater 12. This is arranged between the safety valve 4 of the heat pump and the safety valve 6 of the building heating circuit at the lowest point between the two safety valves.
  • Table 1 shows the pressure curves in the water of the heating circuit for the in Fig. 1
  • the exemplary embodiment shown is normally in column 1 and in an advanced leakage case in column 2.
  • the leak puts the entire heating circuit under pressure, although this pressure depends on the conditions in the internal heat exchanger and the temperature of the flammable refrigerant; it could also be higher.
  • the gaseous refrigerant causes heating circuit water to be pressed into the expansion vessel 7 until a first safety valve opens. Delivery by the heating circuit pump 5 no longer takes place as soon as the gaseous refrigerant has reached the heating circuit pump 5.
  • the safety valve 4 must open, but the safety valve 6 may only open once the geodetic pressure equalization has taken place. This is achieved by the safety valve 4 having to open at a lower pressure than the safety valve 6.
  • the difference in the geodetic height of the two safety valves must be taken into account.
  • the respective static pressure of the water column is also present as pressure at the safety valve.
  • this is the pressure difference between the pressures p5 and p6 or p1 and p5, here as 0.5 to 0.6 bar, which corresponds approximately to two floors. If both safety valves were set to the same pressure, the lower valve would always respond and open first.
  • the safety valve 4 is to be set to an opening pressure between 2 and 2.4 bar g and the safety valve 6 to an opening pressure of 3 bar g , i.e. at least a ⁇ p of 0.6 bar higher than the safety valve in the heat pump. This condition should be removed by the installation. This allows height differences of up to 15 meters to be achieved, although a minimum pressure must be maintained on the heating pump to avoid cavitation.
  • the opening pressure of the safety valve in the heat pump is chosen to be as high as possible, but lower than the opening pressure of the safety valve in the building heating circuit, taking tolerances into account. This makes it possible to use identical devices in other installations in which the heat pump forms the lowest point in the heating system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP23195750.7A 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Séparation de réfrigérant dans un circuit de chauffage Pending EP4336108A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123096.1A DE102022123096A1 (de) 2022-09-12 2022-09-12 Kältemittelabscheidung im Heizungskreislauf

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4336108A1 true EP4336108A1 (fr) 2024-03-13

Family

ID=87933614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23195750.7A Pending EP4336108A1 (fr) 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Séparation de réfrigérant dans un circuit de chauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4336108A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022123096A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018154628A1 (fr) * 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de climatisation
US10393413B2 (en) * 2014-09-25 2019-08-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus with refrigerant leakage protection
EP3351868B1 (fr) 2016-12-09 2019-08-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de pompe à chaleur
US10663179B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2020-05-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus
DE102019123513A1 (de) 2019-09-03 2021-03-04 Vaillant Gmbh Wärmepumpensystem
EP3822545A1 (fr) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-19 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fonctionnement d'une pompe à chaleur
DE102020103743A1 (de) 2020-02-13 2021-08-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Wärmepumpenanlage

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011011210A1 (de) 2011-02-14 2012-08-16 Wilo Se Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Warmwasser
DE102019111017A1 (de) 2019-04-29 2020-10-29 Wolf Gmbh Kältemittelabscheideeinrichtung für eine Wärmepumpenanlage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10663179B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2020-05-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus
US10393413B2 (en) * 2014-09-25 2019-08-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus with refrigerant leakage protection
EP3351868B1 (fr) 2016-12-09 2019-08-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif de pompe à chaleur
WO2018154628A1 (fr) * 2017-02-21 2018-08-30 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de climatisation
DE102019123513A1 (de) 2019-09-03 2021-03-04 Vaillant Gmbh Wärmepumpensystem
EP3822545A1 (fr) * 2019-11-15 2021-05-19 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fonctionnement d'une pompe à chaleur
DE102020103743A1 (de) 2020-02-13 2021-08-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Wärmepumpenanlage

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DE102022123096A1 (de) 2024-03-14

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