EP4331086A1

EP4331086A1 - Electric machine and stator for it with improved arrangement of conductors of a stator winding

Info

Publication number: EP4331086A1
Application number: EP22721096.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dotz BORIS; Ibrahim Afinowi
Original assignee: Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Current assignee: Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2021-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-21
Publication date: 2024-03-06
Also published as: WO2022228999A1; DE102021204303A1; CN117256088A; KR20240004724A; US20240223036A1; JP2024515834A

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (5) for an electric machine (1) in which electrical conductors (13) of a stator winding (12) are arranged in a stator slot (14) only radially layered in multiple layers. Two stator slots (14) arranged next to one another are combined to form blocks (G) of a phase (U, V, W). In the blocks (G), positions occupied by the electrical conductors (13) are described using column numbers S and layer numbers L which are defined by a start position and incremental values. The invention further specifies an electric machine (1) having such a stator (5) and a vehicle (15) having such an electric machine (1).

Description

Electrical machine and stator therefor with improved arrangement of conductors of a stator winding

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a stator for an electrical machine, an electrical machine with such a stator and a vehicle with such an electrical machine's.

STATE OF THE ART

A variety of schemes for the arrangement of conductors of a stator winding have been proposed for electric machines. However, there is no solution in which the start and end points of the various strands of a phase at the two ends of the stator are spatially close to one another and can therefore be easily connected, but which also allows the phases to be connected flexibly .

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved stator for an electrical machine, an improved electrical machine with such a stator and an improved vehicle with such an electrical machine. In particular, the properties mentioned above are to be achieved.

The object of the invention is solved with a stator for an electrical machine, which comprises a stator core with a plurality of stator slots that run parallel to an axis of rotation of the electrical machine and in which a plurality of electrical conductors of a stator winding are arranged, with electrical conductors in a stator slot are only arranged radially in several layers, two stator slots arranged next to each other accommodate electrical conductors of one phase and are each combined into blocks,

Blocks of a phase are evenly distributed in the stator core, two consecutive blocks of a phase form a pair of poles, - blocks of different phases are arranged next to each other, each phase is divided into four strands, each of which has several electrical conductors connected in series, in the blocks of the positions occupied by electrical conductors are described with column numbers S and layer numbers L, the layers being numbered from the outside inwards in ascending order with the layer numbers L and where the stator slots of a block are numbered with the column numbers S, those of the conductors in adjacent blocks of the same Phase successively at the positions to be occupied with a starting position and incremental values are defi ned, the incremental values describing the change from one block to the next block lying in a first circumferential direction of the same phase, the patterns a and a' in the following table starting values and the patterns b, b', c and d specify incremental values, per phase, a first strand with a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' is described beginning with a first block and thus a first pair of poles is formed, with each layer pair per block exceeding two layer pairs per block , alternating a pattern sequence d, b or d, b' is added to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' and for each additional pair of poles a pattern sequence c, d is added to a pattern sequence a, b and to a pattern sequence d, b' and to a pattern sequence d, b, per phase a second strand with a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b is described beginning with a first block and thus the first pair of poles is supplemented, with a pattern sequence d, b 'or d, b alternating to the second basic pattern sequence for each layer pair per block which exceeds two layer pairs per block a', b', d, b is added and for each additional pair of poles a pattern sequence c, d is attached to a pattern sequence a', b' and to a pattern sequence d, b and to a pattern sequence d, b ' is added, a third strand is described per phase with a sequence of positions to be filled, which corresponds to the sequence specified for the first strand, but the sequence for the third strand begins with a second block, which is opposite to the first block by a position in the first circumferential direction ver is set, per phase a fourth strand is described with a sequence of positions to be occupied, which corresponds to the sequence specified for the second strand, but the sequence for the fourth strand begins with a second block, which compared to the first block by one Position is offset in the first circumferential direction, and the strands have start points in the first block and end points in the other open end.

The object of the invention is also achieved with an electrical machine which has a first bearing plate and a second bearing plate, a stator of the above-mentioned type arranged between the two bearing plates and a rotor arranged in the stator with a rotor shaft rotatably mounted in the two bearing plates .

Finally, the object is also achieved by a vehicle with at least two axles, at least one of which is driven, said drive taking place at least partially or at times by the electric machine mentioned above. With the help of the proposed measures, the after-mentioned parts can be overcome. In particular, the following advantages result: the starting points of all strands of a phase are in the first block, the end points of the first and second strand of a phase are radially on the outside of a block, the end points of the third and fourth strand of a phase are radially on the inside of a block.

As a result, the individual phases can be interconnected in many ways.

At this point, it is also noted that electrical conductors of adjacent stator slots of a block are traversed in the same direction by a current during operation of the electrical machine.

Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures.

It is favorable if the conductors are formed in pairs by the legs of a U-shaped bracket and the starting points and end points of the strands are each formed by one end of such a leg. In this variant, there is one further and one narrower U-shaped bracket per layer pair, which emanate from the first block in the first and second strand and from the second block in the third and fourth strand. All other temples have a medium width. Advantageously, a wide and a narrow bracket can be spatially nested in each other ver.

It is also advantageous if exactly one other block lies between the first blocks of different phases. As a result, the start and end points of all strands are spatially close to one another and can therefore be electrically connected in different ways, as is described below. It is advantageous if the starting points of the four strands of each phase are each connected to one another and the end points of the four strands of all phases are connected to form a star point, or the end points of the four strands of each phase are each connected to one another and the starting points of the four strands of all phases are connected to a star point.

This results in a parallel connection of all strands that are connected to a star point.

It is also advantageous if the starting points of the four strands of each phase are connected to one another and if the end points of the first and second strands of all phases are connected to a first star point and if the end points of the third and fourth strands of all phases are connected to a second star point are connected to each other or if the end points of the four strands of each phase are connected to each other and if the starting points of the first and second strands of all phases are connected to a first neutral point and if the starting points of the third and fourth strands of all phases are connected to one second star point are connected to each other.

Here, too, there is a parallel connection of all strands, which, however, are connected to two star points.

It is also advantageous if the first strand and the fourth strand of each phase are each connected in series and the second strand and the third strand of each phase are each connected in series and when the end points of the third strands and fourth strands of all phases are connected to one another Star point are connected to each other or the starting points of the first strands and second strands of all phases are connected to a star point. Here, the strands are connected in pairs in series and in parallel, with all pairs of strands connected in series being connected to a neutral point.

It is also advantageous if the first strand and the fourth strand of each phase are each connected in series and the second strand and the third strand of each phase are each connected in series and when the end points of the third strands of all phases are connected to a first neutral point and the end points of the fourth strands of all phases are connected to a second star point or the starting points of the first strands of all phases are connected to a first star point and the starting points of the second strands of all phases are connected to a second star point.

Here, the strands are also connected in pairs in series and in parallel, but all pairs of strands connected in series are connected to two neutral points.

Finally, it is advantageous if the four strands of each phase are connected in series with each other, starting with the first strand and ascending to the fourth strand, and the end points of the fourth strands of all phases are connected to form a star point, or the starting points of the first strands of all phases connected to a star point.

Here, the strands of each phase are connected in series, with the series-connected strands being connected to form a neutral point.

It is advantageous if the conductors are designed as conductor bars. As a result, the conductor bars have two ends. During production, the conductor bars can be inserted into the stator slots of the stator core from one side. After inserting, the ends of the conductor bars can be connected to one another. This can be done in particular by welding. It is favorable if the conductor bars are formed in pairs by the legs of a U-shaped bracket. i.e. the conductor bars can already be connected on one side before being inserted into the stator slots of the stator core.

If the conductor bars are formed in pairs by the legs of a U-shaped bracket, the ends of the conductor bars to be welded can lie on the same side of the stator core.

The pattern sequences a, b; d, b; d, b'; can each be represented by the U-shaped bracket of the ladder rods. The connections between the pattern sequences can be made by welding the ends of the conductor bars.

The conductor bars may be formed from wire having a rectangular cross-sectional area.

A stator slot can have eight layers.

It is advantageous if the end points are arranged on the side of the welded joints of the ends of the conductor bars.

It is advantageous if the starting points are arranged on the side of the welded joints of the ends of the conductor bars.

It is advantageous if the starting points are electrically conductively connected to an inverter.

The above configurations and developments of the invention can be combined in any desired manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the invention are exemplified in the attached cal matic figures. Show it:

1 shows an exemplary electrical machine shown schematically in half section;

2 shows an example of a laminated stator core of an electrical machine in a front view;

3 shows a schematic development of the stator slots in a front view;

Fig. 4 shows an example of a parallel connection of all strands to a

star point are interconnected;

5 shows an example of a parallel connection of all strands that are connected to form two star points;

6 shows an example in which the strands are connected in pairs in series and in parallel and the strands connected in pairs in series are connected to form a star point;

7 shows an example in which the strands are connected in pairs in series and in parallel and the strands connected in pairs in series are connected to two neutral points;

8 shows an example of a series connection of the strands which are connected to form a star point;

9 shows a way in which the schemes shown can be expanded for any number of layer pairs per block; 10 shows a way in which the schemes shown can be expanded for any number of pole pairs and

11 shows an electrical machine with a stator of the proposed type, which is installed in a vehicle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As an introduction, it is stated that the same parts in the different embodiments are provided with the same reference symbols or the same component designations, possibly with different indices. The disclosures of a component contained in the description can be transferred analogously to another component with the same reference number or the same component designation. The positions selected in the description, such as "top", "bottom", "rear", "front", "side" and so on, are related to the figure directly described and shown and, in the event of a change of position, to the figure transfer new position.

Fig. 1 shows a half section through a schematically illustrated electrical machine 1. The electrical machine 1 comprises a rotor shaft 2 with a rotor 3 seated thereon, not shown in detail here, the rotor shaft 2 being supported by (roller) bearings 4a , 4b is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation A relative to a stator 5 . Specifically, the first bearing 4a sits in a first front bearing plate 6 and the second bearing 4b in a second, rear bearing plate 7. Furthermore, the electric machine 1 includes a middle housing part 8, which connects the front bearing plate 6 and the rear bearing plate 7 and the Sta tor 5 accommodates. The front bearing plate 6, the rear bearing plate 7 and the Ge housing part 8 form the housing 9 of the electrical machine 1 in this example.

In this example, the stator 5 has a plurality of stator laminations 10 which form a laminated stator core 11 or a stator base body. the stator 5 also has stator windings 12 arranged in the stator core 11, which are made up of individual conductor bars 13, the ends of which are connected to one another, in particular welded.

2 shows an example of a laminated stator core 11 of an electrical machine 1 in a front view, with some of the stator slots 14 being occupied by conductor bars 13 of the stator winding 12 . 2 shows the following features of the proposed stator 5. Electrical conductors 13 are arranged in several layers in a stator slot 14 only radially in layers (that is, the electrical conductors are not arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction in a stator slot 14), two Stator slots 14 arranged next to one another accommodate electrical conductors 13 of a phase U, V, W and are each combined into blocks G, blocks G of a phase U, V, W are evenly distributed in the laminated core 11 of the stator, two consecutive blocks G of a phase U, V, W form a pair of poles and

Blocks G of different phases U, V, W are arranged side by side.

Fig. 3 now shows a schematic development of the stator 14 in front view. The stator slots 14 are identified by the stator slot number SN. As can be seen, the example stator 5 has forty-eight stator slots 14 . In the case of the phases PH, the associated polarity is also given in addition to the letter for the respective phase. "U+" is therefore specified for the positive U-phase, "U-" for the negative, and so on. Furthermore, the layers L1 .L4 are indicated in FIG. The exemplary stator 5 thus has four layers L1 .L4 per stator slot 14 .

The hatched rectangles indicate the position occupied by an electrical conductor 13 in a stator slot 14 . Connecting lines indicate which electrical conductors 13 are connected, with solid connecting lines electrical connections on a first end face of the stator 5 and dashed connecting lines indicate electrical connections on a second end face of the stator 5 . 4 shows the diagrams of how the electrical conductors 13 are arranged in the stator slots 14 for four phases P1 .P4, with the top diagram of phase P1, the second diagram of phase P2, the third diagram of phase P3 and the lowest scheme of phase P4 is assigned. Each phase U, V, W is divided into four strands P1 .. P4, each of which has a plurality of electrical conductors 13 connected in series, with the scheme for phase U being represented in FIG. 2 as a representative. However, the schemes for phases V and W are the same and only offset by the respective circumferential position.

The arrangement of the electrical conductors 13 is as follows: in the blocks G, positions occupied by the electrical conductors 13 are described with column numbers S and layer numbers L, the layers being numbered from the outside inwards in ascending order with the layer numbers L and the stator slots 14 of a block G are numbered with column numbers S, carried by the conductors 13 in adjacent blocks G of the same phase U, V,

W positions to be occupied in succession are defined with a starting position and incremental values, the incremental values describing the change from one block G to the next in a first circumferential direction block G of the same phase U, V, W, the patterns a and a' in the The following table specifies the start values and the patterns b, b', c and d incremental values,

For each phase U, V, W, a first strand P1 is described with a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b', beginning with a first block G and thus forming a first pair of poles, for each pair of layers per block G, which exceeds two pairs of layers per block G, alternately adding a pattern sequence d, b or d, b' to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' and one pattern sequence c, d to each one for each additional pair of poles Pattern sequence a, b and a pattern sequence d, b 'and a pattern sequence d, b is added to each.

In the specific example, this means the following:

The first strand P1 begins in block G, which is identified by the stator slots 14 with the stator slot numbers SN=13 and SN=14. Considering block G in isolation, stator slot number SN=13 corresponds to column number S=1 and stator slot number SN=14 corresponds to column number S=2. The layer number L=1 corresponds to layer L1 . For the pattern a, this now means that the position with the column number S=2 corresponding to the stator slot number SN=14 and with the layer number L=1 corresponding to the layer L1 is occupied by an electrical conductor 13. The corresponding position is shown hatched in FIG.

In the example shown, the strands P1 .. P4 have four layers L1 .L4 per block G and thus two pairs of layers per block G and four pairs of poles. The result is the following scheme, with the pattern sequence a, b for the sake of clarity being combined into pattern pair A, the pattern sequence d, b′ into pattern pair B and the pattern sequence c, d into pattern pair C.

The incremental values are resolved and the absolute positions entered in the right-hand area of the table. It should be noted that because of the blocks for phases V and W, which are between the blocks G for phase U, the number "6" must also be subtracted and the number "48" added to negative numbers.

The second strand P2 is formed in quite a similar manner. Specifically, the second strand P2 is described with a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b beginning with a first block G and thus the first pair of poles is supplemented, with each pair of layers per block G having two pairs of layers per block G exceeds tet, alternately a pattern sequence d, b 'or d, b is added to the second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b and for each additional pair of poles a pattern sequence c, d to each pattern sequence a', b' and one pattern sequence d, b each and one pattern sequence d, b' each is added,

In the specific example, the second phase P2 begins again in the block G, which is characterized by the stator slots 14 with the stator slot numbers SN=13 and SN=14. For the sake of clarity, the pattern sequence a', b' is associated with the pattern pair A', the pattern sequence d, b with the pattern pair B' and the pattern sequence c, d combined again to pattern pair C. The incremental values are resolved and the absolute positions entered in the right-hand area of the table. The third line P3 is described with a sequence of positions to be filled, which corresponds to the sequence specified for the first line P1, but the sequence for the third line P3 begins at a second block G, which is opposite the first block G a position in the first order circumferential direction is offset. Specifically, the third strand P3 thus begins in block G, which is characterized by the stator slots 14 with the stator slot numbers SN=7 and SN=8.

Finally, the fourth thread P4 is described with a sequence of positions to be filled, which corresponds to the sequence given for the second thread P2, but the sequence for the fourth thread P4 starts at a second block G, which is opposite to the first block G by a position in the first circumferential direction is offset. Concretely, the fourth branch P4 thus begins again in block G, which is denoted by the stator slots 14 with the stator slot numbers SN=7 and SN=8.

In general, the strands P1..P4 have starting points in the first block G and end points at their open end. This is visualized in FIG. 3 in the table above. There the starting points are marked with "X" and the end points with "O". This table also clearly shows that the starting points X and the end points O of the individual strands P1 ..P4 are locally close together. In general, the proposed scheme results in the following advantages: the starting points X of all phases P1 ..P2 of a phase U, V, W are in the first block G, the end points O of the first phase P1 and second phase P2 of a phase U, V , W are located radially on the outside of a block G, the end points O of the third phase P3 and fourth phase P4 of a phase U, V, W are located radially on the inside of a block G.

As a result, the strands can be connected to one another in many ways without a great deal of wiring effort.

It is also advantageous if the conductors 13 are formed in pairs by the legs of a U-shaped bracket and the starting points X and end points O of the strands P1 ..P4 are each formed by one end of such a leg. In this embodiment variant, there is one further and one narrow U-shaped bracket per layer pair, which emanate from the first block G in the first strand P1 and second strand P2 and emanate from the second block G in the third strand P3 and fourth strand P4. All other temples have a medium width. Advantageously, a wider and a narrower can be spatially nested in one another.

It is also advantageous if exactly one other block G lies between the first blocks G of different phases U, V, W. As a result, they lie Starting points X and end points O of all strands P1 .. P4 are spatially close to one another and can therefore be electrically connected in different ways.

Examples of the electrical wiring of the strands P1 .. P4 are shown in Figs. 4 to 8.

Fig. 4 shows an example in which the starting points X of the four phases P1 ..P4 of each phase U, V, W are connected to one another and in which the end points O of the four phases P1 ..P4 of all phases U, V , W are connected to form a star point. Equally, it would also be possible for the end points O of the four strands P1 ..P4 of each phase U, V, W to be connected to one another and for the starting points of the four strands P1 ..P4 of all phases U, V, W to form a star point are connected. In both cases, there is a parallel connection of all phases P1 ..P4, which are connected to a star point.

Fig. 5 shows an example in which the starting points X of the four strands P1 .. P4 each of the phase U, V, W are connected to each other and in which the end points O of the first and second strands P1, P2 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a first star point and in which the end points O of the third and fourth strands P3, P4 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a second star point. Equally, it would also be possible for the end points O of the four strands P1 ..P4 of each phase U, V, W to be connected to one another and for the starting points X of the first and second strands P1 , P2 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a first star point and that the starting points X of the third and fourth strands P3, P4 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a second star point. In both cases, there is also a parallel connection of all phases P1 ..P4, which, however, are connected to two star points.

Fig. 6 shows an example in which the first phase P1 and the fourth phase P4 each of the phase U, V, W are each connected in series and in which the second phase P2 and the third phase P3 of each phase U, V, W are each connected in series, with the end points O of the third phase P3 and fourth phase P4 of all phases U, V, W being connected to a star point or alternatively the start points X the first phase P1 and second phase P2 of all phases U,

V, W are connected to form a star point. Here, the strands P1 ..P4 are connected in pairs in series and in parallel, with all pairs of strands P1 ..P4 connected in series being connected to form a neutral point.

Fig. 7 shows an example in which the first phase P1 and the fourth phase P4 of each phase U, V, W are connected in series, and in which the second phase P2 and the third phase P3 of each phase U, V, W are each connected in series, with the end points O of the third phase P3 of all phases U, V, W being connected to a first neutral point and the end points O of the fourth phase P4 of all phases U, V, W being connected to a second neutral point are connected or alternatively the starting points X of the first phases P1 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a first star point and the starting points X of the second phases P2 of all phases U, V, W are connected to a second star point. Here, the strands P1 ..P4 are also connected in pairs in series and in parallel, but all pairs of strands P1 .P4 connected in series are connected to two neutral points.

Finally, Fig. 8 shows an example in which the four strands P1 .. P4 of each phase U, V, W are connected in series with each other, starting with the first strand P1 and increasing to the fourth strand P4, and in which the end points O of the fourth Phases P4 of all phases U, V, W are connected to one another to form a star point, or alternatively the starting points X of the first phases P1 of all phases U, V, W are connected to one another to form a star point. Here, the strands P1 ..P4 of each phase are connected in series, with the series-connected strands P1 ..P4 being connected to form a neutral point.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of how the schemes shown can be extended for any number of layer pairs per block G. From the 9 it can be seen that the pattern for two pairs of layers is continued correspondingly starting from the basic pattern sequence.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of how the schemes shown can be extended for any number of pole pairs. Further pattern sequences are inserted between the basic pattern sequences.

In connection with FIGS. 9 and 10, the table below shows a scheme for an exemplary stator 5 with four pairs of layers and four pairs of poles.

Finally, FIG. 11 shows the electric machine 1 installed in a vehicle 15. The vehicle 15 has at least two axles, of which at least one is driven. In concrete terms, the electric motor 1 is connected to a transmission 16 which, in particular, can also take on the function of a differential gear. The flap axles 17 of the flinter axle connect to the gear 16 . Finally, the driven wheels 18 are mounted on the semi-axles 17 . The vehicle 15 is driven at least partially or temporarily by the electric machine 1. This means that the electric machine 1 can be used to drive the vehicle 15 alone or, for example, be provided in combination with an internal combustion engine (hybrid drive).

Finally, it is also stated that the scope of protection is determined by the patent claims. However, the description and drawings should be used to interpret the claims. The features contained in the figures can be arbitrarily exchanged and combined with one another. In particular, it is also stated that in reality the devices shown can also include more or fewer components than shown. In some cases, the devices shown or their components may also be shown not to scale and/or enlarged and/or reduced.

Claims

patent claims

1. Stator (5) for an electrical machine (1), comprising a Statorlaminpa ket (11) with a plurality of Statornuten (14) parallel to an axis of rotation (z) of the electrical machine (1) and in each of which a plurality of electrical Lei ter (13) of a stator winding (12), electrical conductors (13) being arranged in a stator slot (14) only radially in several layers, two adjacent stator slots (14) electrical conductors (13) of one phase (U , V, W) and are combined into blocks (G),

Blocks (G) of a phase (U, V, W) are evenly distributed in the stator core (11), two consecutive blocks (G) of a phase (U, V, W) form a pair of poles,

Blocks (G) of different phases (U, V, W) are arranged side by side, each phase (U, V, W) is divided into four strands (P1..P4), each of which has several series-connected electrical conductors (13) have, characterized in that positions occupied by the electrical conductors (13) in the blocks (G) are described with column numbers S and layer numbers L, the layers being numbered in ascending order from the outside inwards with the layer numbers L and the stator slots ( 14) a block (G) are numbered with the column numbers S, which are defined by the conductors (13) in adjacent blocks (G) of the same phase (U, V, W) positions to be occupied successively with a starting position and incremental values, wherein the incremental values describe the change from one block (G) to the next block (G) in a first circumferential direction of the same phase (U, V, W), the patterns a and a' in the following table are starting values and the patterns b, b', c and d increment specify values, per phase (U, V, W) a first strand (P1) with a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' is described starting with a first block (G) and thus a first pair of poles is formed, wherein for each layer pair per block (G), which exceeds two layer pairs per block (G), alternating a pattern sequence d, b or d, b' is attached to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' and wherein for each des additional pair of poles one pattern sequence c, d each one pattern sequence a, b and each one pattern sequence d, b' and each one pattern sequence d, b is added, per phase (U, V, W) a second strand (P2) with a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b is described beginning with a first block (G) and thus the first pair of poles is supplemented, whereby for each layer pair per block (G) which has two layer pairs per block ( G) exceeds, alternately adding a pattern sequence d, b' or d, b to the second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b and one for each additional pair of poles pattern sequence c, d is added to a pattern sequence a', b' and to a pattern sequence d, b and to a pattern sequence d, b', - per phase (U, V, W) a third phase (P3) with a sequence of positions to be filled is described, which corresponds to the sequence specified for the first strand (P1), the sequence for the third strand (P3) however beginning with a second block (G) which is opposite to the first block ( G) is offset by one position in the first circumferential direction, - for each phase (U, V, W) a fourth strand (P4) is described with a sequence of positions to be occupied, which is the one for the second strand (P2) given sequence, the sequence for the fourth strand (P4) however starting at a second block (G) which is offset by one position in the first circumferential direction from the first block (G), and the strands (P1.. P4) have starting points (X) in the first block (G) and end points (O) at the other open end.

2. Stator (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical conductors (13) are formed in pairs by the legs of a U-shaped bracket and the starting points (X) and end points (O) of the strands (P1..P4) are each formed by an end of such a leg.

3. Stator (5) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the first blocks (G) of different phases (U, V, W) there is in each case exactly one other block (G).

4. Stator (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the starting points (X) of the four strands (P1 .. P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to each other and that the end points (O) of the four phases (P1..P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a star point or the end points (O) of the four phases (P1..P4) of each phase (U, V, W ) are connected to each other and that the starting points (X) of the four strands (P1..P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a star point.

5. Stator (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the starting points (X) of the four strands (P1 .. P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to each other and that the end points (O) of the first strands (P1) and second strands (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a first neutral point and that the end points (O) of the third strands (P3) and fourth strands (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a second neutral point or the end points (O) of the four strands (P1..P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to each other and that the starting points (X) of the first strands (P1) and second strands (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a first star point and that the starting points (X) of the third strands (P3) and fourth strands (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a second neutral point.

6. Stator (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first phase (P1) and the fourth phase (P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are each Weil connected in series that the second phase (P2) and the third phase (P3) of each phase (U, V, W) are respectively connected in series and that the end points (O) of the third phase (P3) and fourth phase (P4) of all phases (U, V , W) are connected to one another to form a star point or the starting points (X) of the first strands (P1) and second strands (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a star point.

7. Stator (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first phase (P1) and the fourth phase (P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are each Weil connected in series that the second String (P2) and the third string (P3) of each phase (U, V, W) are each connected in series and that the end points (O) of the third strings (P3) of all phases (U, V, W) to a first Star point are connected to each other and that the end points (O) of the fourth strands (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to a second star point or the starting points (X) of the first strands (P1) of all phases (U , V, W) are connected to each other to form a first star point and that the starting points (X) of the second strands (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a second star point.

8. Stator (5) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the four strands (P1..P4) of each phase (U, V, W) starting with the first strand (P1) and ascending to the fourth strand (P4 ) are each connected in series and that the end points (O) of the fourth strands (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to form a star point or the starting points (X) of the first strands (P1) of all phases ( U, V, W) are connected to a star point.

9. Stator (5) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical conductors (13) are designed as conductor bars.

10. Stator (5) according to claim 9, characterized in that the pattern sequences a, b; d, b; d, b'; are each represented by the U-shaped brackets of the conductor bars.

11. Stator according to claim 10, characterized in that the connections of the pattern sequences to each other are made by a welded connection of the ends of the conductor bars.

12. Stator (5) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the conductor bars are formed from a wire with a rectangular cross-sectional area.

13. Stator (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator slots each have eight layers.

14. Electrical machine (1), characterized by a first bearing plate (6) and a second bearing plate (7), between the two bearing plates (6, 7) arranged stator (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and an im Stator (5) arranged rotor (3) with a shield in the two bearing (6, 7) rotatably mounted rotor shaft (2),

15. Vehicle (15) with at least two axles, of which at least one is driven, characterized in that the said drive takes place at least partially or temporarily by the electric machine (1) according to claim 14.