EP4038725A1

EP4038725A1 - Hairpin winding of a stator of an electric motor

Info

Publication number: EP4038725A1
Application number: EP20771829.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Boris Dotz; Christian FINGER-ALBERT
Original assignee: Valeo Siemens eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Current assignee: Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2019-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-11
Publication date: 2022-08-10
Also published as: KR20220070029A; DE102019126338A1; JP7369866B2; JP2022550430A; WO2021063649A1; KR102698609B1; US20220385128A1; CN114731083A

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) for an electric motor (100), comprising - a plurality of pins (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) which are arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator centre point (M) in grooves (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) in the stator, each concentric circle forming a layer (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6); - six pins (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) in each case being serially connected to one another in a different layer (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) and forming a winding (41), - a first pin (21) of the winding (41) being located in a first groove (51) in the 6n-4 layer (L2), n being a natural number; - a second pin (22) of the winding (41) being located in a second groove (52) in the 6n-5 layer (L1), the second groove (52) being at a first radial distance (71) from the first groove (51) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); - a third pin (23) of the winding (41) being located in the first groove (51) in the 6n-2 layer (L4); - a fourth pin (24) of the winding (41) being located in the second groove (52) in the 6n-3 layer (L3); - a fifth pin (25) being located in the first groove (51) in the 6n layer (L6); - a sixth pin (26) of the winding (41) being located in the second groove (52) in the 6n-1 layer (L5).

Description

HAIRPIN WINDING A STATOR OF AN ELECTRIC MACHINE

The invention relates to a stator with pins for an electric machine, in particular an electric motor.

State of the art

Electric machines are generally known and are increasingly being used as electric motors for driving vehicles. An electrical machine consists of a stator and a rotor.

The stator comprises a large number of slots in which the windings are guided. The turns can be formed from insulated copper rods as so-called pins. The rotor is located in the stator and is connected to a rotor shaft.

Such a pin, UPin or hairpin motor is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 9,136,738 B2.

Task and solution

The object of the present invention is to provide a stator with turns made of pins that is easy to manufacture.

According to the invention, a stator for an electrical machine comprises a plurality of pins which are arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center in slots in the stator, and each concentric circle forms a layer, with six pins in each case being connected to one another in series in different layers and Form a turn, a first pin of the turn is located in a first groove in the 6n-4 layer, where n is a natural number greater than zero; a second pin of the turn is located in a second groove in the 6n-5 layer, with the second groove having a first radial one Distance in a first circumferential direction of the stator to the first slot, a third pin of the turn is in the first slot in the 6n-2 layer, a fourth pin of the turn is in the second slot in the 6n-3 layer, a fifth pin is in the first slot in the 6n layer, a sixth pin of the turn is in the second slot in the 6n-1 layer.

One turn can also run around the teeth several times. The layers can be numbered in ascending order from the outside to the center of the stator.

A stator with the winding according to the invention is easy to manufacture and generates an efficient electromagnetic field. The connection types create an electrically conductive connection between the pins in the grooves. The type of connection can be the welding of conductors to the pins, or the pins can already be designed as double pins, so-called Upins, and thereby establish a connection as soon as they are inserted into the stator. Furthermore, welding of end sections of pins that are bent towards one another also represents a type of connection.

The stator can preferably have a first and second end face and the first and second pin can be connected to one another on the second end face by means of a first type of connection, the second and third pin can be connected to one another on the first end face by means of a second type of connection, the third and fourth pin be connected to each other on the second end face by means of a third type of connection, the fourth and fifth pin on the first end face to be connected to one another by means of a fourth type of connection, the fifth and sixth pin to each other on the second end side by means of a fifth type of connection be connected, wherein the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types differ from each other.

The different types of connection enable improved production. An alternating position of the connection types on different end faces enables the efficient formation of a turn around the stator teeth located between the slots.

Even types of connection on the same end face of the stator can differ due to the different bending directions of a pin foot to the inside or outside of the stator.

In one embodiment of the invention, the stator can have at least two turns and at least the sixth pin in the second slot can be connected to a seventh pin in the 6n-4 layer in a third slot by means of a sixth type of connection.

A combination of the aforementioned types of connection on different or the same end faces of the stator is also possible. By using the same type of connection on the same end faces and different types of connection on different end faces of the stator, quick and easy production is possible. For example, on one end face, the connection is established by a type of pre-bent pins, so-called double pins or also called upins, and on another end face of the stator, pins are welded together individually or one side of the double pin. The welding points can be at the feet of the pins or double pins.

More preferably, the stator can have a multiplicity of turns which extend over the entire circumference of the stator and thereby form a partial coil. As a result, the windings have a symmetry which creates a uniform rotating field.

In a further refinement, one pin each of three sub-coils can be connected to one another by means of a seventh connection type or an eighth connection type and form a coil.

These pins can be so-called end pins, as they mark the end of a sub-coil.

The sub-coils can preferably form six coils and three phases are assigned to these in such a way that two coils, which are assigned to the same phase, are located in three adjacent slots.

More preferably, one input of each end pin of two coils can be connected to one another by means of a ninth type of connection.

The ninth type of connection can be made by a conductor attached to the pins or by a conductive ring.

The two coils can be connected in parallel and can also be fed by the same phase. The parallel connection can be made by connecting a first and fifth or fourth and eighth end pin in pairs.

The two coils can be connected in parallel and can also be fed by the same phase.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one output of each end pin of the two coils can be connected to one another and the two coils can thereby be connected in parallel, and in particular one phase be assigned.

Furthermore, two phases can each have an almost identical current and voltage curve, and as a result a six phase inverter can only drive a three-phase motor. With this arrangement, current sharing of the switching elements in the inverter is possible.

Two coils in the same slots can thus be connected in parallel and fed by one phase, so that a stator with windings for a three-phase electrical machine is created.

The second type of connection can preferably comprise a first double pin, which is formed from the second pin and the third pin, the first double pin having two inwardly bent pin bases each with a weld point and bridging a first radial distance.

The double pin can be inserted into the stator from one end face and welded to another double pin on the other end face.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fourth type of connection can comprise a second double pin, which is formed from the fourth pin and the fifth pin, the second double pin having two inwardly bent pin feet each with a welding point and bridging a first radial distance. The first distance describes one to be bridged

Number of slots. The actual spatial distance to be bridged depends on the position of the pin in the layer, because the double pins connect different layers.

The sixth type of connection can preferably comprise a third double pin, which consists of the sixth pin and the seventh pin is formed, the second double pin having two outwardly bent pin feet each with a spot weld and bridging a first radial distance.

More preferably, the seventh type of connection can comprise a fourth double pin, which is formed from a second end pin and a third end pin, the fourth double pin having two outwardly bent pin feet each with a welding point and bridging a second radial distance. The second radial distance can be at least one groove shorter than the first radial distance.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the eighth type of connection can comprise a fifth double pin, which is formed from a sixth end pin and a seventh end pin, the fifth double pin having two inwardly bent pin bases each with a weld point and bridging a second radial distance.

In a further embodiment, a first individual pin can comprise a first end pin and have a pin base bent in a clockwise direction with a spot weld.

A second single pin can preferably comprise a fifth end pin and have a pin base bent counterclockwise with a spot weld.

More preferably, a third individual pin can comprise a fourth end pin and have a pin foot bent counterclockwise with a spot weld.

In a further embodiment, a fourth individual pin can comprise an eighth end pin and have a pin base bent in a clockwise direction with a spot weld. The first type of connection can preferably be formed by a welded connection of a first weld point on the pin base of the first double pin or the fifth double pin or the second single pin with a second weld point on the pin base of the third double pin or the fourth double pin or the first single pin.

In a further embodiment, the third type of connection can be formed by a welded connection of a third weld point on the pin base of the first double pin or the fifth double pin with a fourth weld point on the pin base of the second double pin or the third single pin.

The fifth type of connection can preferably be formed by a welded connection of a fifth weld point on the pin base of the second double pin or the fourth single pin with a sixth weld point on the pin base of the third double pin or the fourth double pin or the fourth single pin.

According to the invention, a vehicle has an electrical machine with a stator according to one of the preferred configurations.

Figure description

Figure 1 shows a stator.

Figure 2 shows a stator with six slots and six layers. FIG. 3 shows a winding diagram of a first partial coil, FIG. 4 shows a winding diagram of a second partial coil, FIG. 5 shows a winding diagram of a third partial coil,

Figure 6 shows a stator with three sub-coils and their

Connection to each other and thus a first coil. FIG. 7 shows a winding diagram of a further first partial coil.

FIG. 8 shows a stator with three further partial coils and their connection to one another and thus a second coil. FIG. 9 shows a stator with two coils, each consisting of three sub-coils.

Figure 10 shows a stator with two further coils.

FIG. 11 shows a stator with two further coils.

Figure 12 shows a stator with six coils. FIG. 13 shows a first and a second single pin.

Figure 14 shows a third and fourth single pin.

FIG. 15 shows a first double pin.

Figure 16 shows a second double pin.

FIG. 17 shows a third double pin. Figure 18 shows a fourth double pin.

Figure 19 shows a fifth double pin.

FIG. 20 shows a winding diagram of a first coil.

FIG. 21 shows a winding diagram of a second coil.

FIG. 22 shows a vehicle with an electric machine, in particular an electric motor, with a stator with an interface.

FIG. 1 shows a stator 1 with a large number of grooves 5 in which pins 2, 3 are guided. The stator 1 has a first end face 7 and an opposite second end face 9. On the first end face 7 are inputs 81, 87, 101, 107, 111, 117 of partial coils for connecting the Pins to an energy source for operating the electrical machine are shown. Of course, a rotor is also required to operate an electrical machine. The pins for the connection are close together and enable short connecting cables.

FIG. 2 shows a stator 1 with slots and pins on six layers, only six slots 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 being shown. Pins 21, 22, 23, 24,

25, 26, 27 arranged. The pins lie next to one another in a groove; in the example in FIG. 2, six pins lie next to one another in a groove. The six pins within a slot are therefore on different concentric circles LI, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 around the center M of the stator, which thus form individual layers. There is a distance 71 between every two grooves. This distance 71 is identical between all the grooves shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 shows the stator 1 from FIG. 2. The pins are furthermore arranged on concentric circles, that is to say layers, the concentric circles not being drawn in for a better representation. FIG. 3 shows which pins are connected to one another in series. A first pin 21 is located in a first groove

51 in layer L2. This first pin 21 is by means of a first type of connection 61, shown as a solid line, with a second pin 22 in a second groove

52 connected. The second pin 22 is located in layer LI. The second pin 22 is connected to a third pin 23 in the first groove 51 by means of a second type of connection 62, shown as a dashed line. The third pin 23 is again located in the first groove 51, that is to say in the same groove as the first pin 21. However, the third pin 23 is in the layer L4. Between the first pin 21 and the third pin 23 in the first groove 51 is therefore still space for a further pin in layer L3.

The third pin 23 is connected to a fourth pin 24 via a third type of connection 63, shown as a dotted line with long distances. The fourth pin 24 lies in the same second groove 52 as the second pin 22. The fourth pin 24 lies in the layer L3. Between the fourth pin 24 and the second pin 22 there is still space in the second groove 52 for a further pin in layer L2.

The fourth pin 24 is connected to a fifth pin 25 in the first groove 51 by means of a fourth type of connection 64, shown as a dashed line with long distances. The fifth pin 25 is in turn located in the first groove 51, that is to say in the same groove as the first pin 21 and the third pin 23. The fifth pin 25 is in layer L6. Between the third pin 23 and the fifth pin 25 in the first groove 51 there is still space for a further pin in layer L5.

The fifth pin 25 is connected to a sixth pin 26 via a fifth type of connection 65, shown as a dotted line with very short distances. The sixth pin 26 is in the same groove 52 as the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24. The sixth pin 26 is in layer L5. Between the fourth pin 24 and the sixth pin 26 there is still space in the second groove 52 for a further pin in layer 4. The connection of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins forms a first turn 41.

The sixth pin 26 is connected to a seventh pin 27 in layer L2 in a third groove 53 via a sixth type of connection 66, shown as a dotted line with short distances. The one before begins with the seventh pin 27 described serial connection of the subsequent pins in the stator again, the seventh pin 27 being similar to the first pin 21 with an offset of the groove by 120 degrees. The serial connection of the seventh pin 27 with further pins in two further grooves 53 and 54 forms a second turn 42. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 between these pins is identical to that respective first, second, third, fourth, fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of the pins of the first turn 41.

The two turns 41, 42 are connected by the sixth type of connection 66. By continuing the serial connection, the third turn 43 is formed in two further grooves 55, 56. The turns 41, 42, 43 are each connected to the sixth type of connection 66. The sixth type of connection 66 between the respective turns is thus identical. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 between the pins of the turn 43 is also identical to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of the first and second turns 41, 42.

The three turns 41, 42, 43 form a first partial coil by rotating around the stator 1 in the clockwise direction. The first pin 21 also has an input 81 for connecting an energy source. The first pin 21 of the turn 41 thus represents a first end pin. The coil section ends with the pin 28 of the turn 43. The last pin 28 of the turn 43 thus represents a second end pin. FIG. 4 shows the stator 1 from FIG. 3, six slots 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 being shown there, which are located in the direct vicinity of the slots from FIG.

Pins 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 are connected in the same way as pins 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 in FIG. 3. Even the type of connection is identical to FIG. 3 and is made clear by the same reference symbols. In the same way as described for FIG. 3, the turns 44, 45, 46 are formed and are connected to one another in a clockwise direction by the sixth type of connection 66.

The three turns 44, 45, 46 form a second partial coil by rotating around the stator 1 in the clockwise direction. The coil section starts with 31, which is a third end pin. The coil section ends with pin 38 of turn 46. The last pin 38 of turn 43 thus represents a further second end pin.

FIG. 5 shows the stator 1 from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, six grooves 51a, 52a, 53a, 54a, 55a, 56a being shown there, which are in the direct vicinity of the grooves from FIG.

The pins 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a, 25a, 26a, 27a, 28a are in the same way as the pins 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 of FIG. 3 and the pins 31, 32, 33 , 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 from Figure 4 are connected. Even the type of connection is identical to FIGS. 3 and 4 and is made clear by the same reference symbols. In the same way as described for FIGS. 3 and 4, the turns 47, 48, 49 are formed and are connected to one another in a clockwise direction by the sixth type of connection 66. The last pin 28a in groove 56a on layer L5 in turn 49 is a fourth end pin and has an output 83 for connecting a Energy source. The three turns 47, 48, 49 form a third partial coil by rotating around the stator 1 in the clockwise direction. The pin 21a is the start of the coil section and represents a further third end pin. The coil section ends with the pin 28a of the turn 49. The grooves shown in FIG. 5 are a first distance 71 apart.

FIG. 6 shows a pin assignment through the first, second and third sub-coil from FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, which are represented by black squares. The same reference symbols denote the same pins, grooves and connections in the figures. The sixth pin 28 of turn 43 of the first coil section in slot 56, layer L5, which is also a second end pin, and the first pin 31 of the first turn 44 of the second coil section in slot 91, layer L2, which is also a third end pin, is connected to a seventh type of connection 67.

The sixth pin 38 of the turn 46 of the second coil section in slot 96, layer L5, which is also a second end pin, and the first pin 21a of the first turn 47 of the third coil section in slot 51a, layer L2, which is also a third end pin, is connected to the seventh type of connection 67.

The seventh type of connection 67 thus connects a second end pin 28, 38 to a third end pin 21a, 31.

The three sub-coils thus form a first coil 201 with an input 81 and an output 83 after three radial rotation around the stator in a clockwise direction. A second distance 75 shown in the figure is one groove shorter than the first distance 71 from the previous figure. A third distance 73 is also shown between the slots of a coil. Compared to the first distance 71, this is shorter by two grooves and compared to the second distance by one groove. FIG. 7 shows the stator 1 from FIG. 2. The pins are furthermore arranged on concentric circles, that is to say layers, the concentric circles not being drawn in for a better representation. It is shown which pins, shown as black squares on a white background, are connected to one another in series and form a first coil section of a second coil 202. A fifth end pin 21c is located in a first groove 51 in layer LI. This fifth end pin 21c is connected to a seventh pin 27b in the sixth groove 56 by means of the first type of connection 61. The seventh pin 27b is located in layer L2. The seventh pin 27b is connected to a sixth pin 26b in the layer L5 in the fifth groove 55 by means of the sixth connection type 66. The sixth pin 26b is connected to a fifth pin 25b in the layer L6 of the fourth groove 54 via the fifth type of connection 65. The fifth pin 25b is connected to a fourth pin 24b in the fifth groove 55 by means of the fourth type of connection 64. The fourth pin 24b is in turn located in the fifth groove 55, that is to say in the same groove as the sixth pin 26b. The fourth pin 24b is in layer L3. Between the sixth pin 26b and the fourth pin 24b in the groove 55 there is still space for a further pin in layer L4. The fourth pin 24b is connected to a third pin 23b via the third type of connection 63. The third pin 23b lies in the same groove 54 as the fifth pin 25b. The third pin 23b is in layer L4. Between the fifth pin 25b and the third pin 23b there is still space in the groove 54 for a further pin in layer L5.

The third pin 23b is connected to a second pin 22b via the second type of connection 62. The second pin 22b lies in the same groove 55 as the fourth pin 24b and the sixth pin 26b. The second pin 22b is in layer LI. Between the fourth pin 24b and the second pin 22b there is still space in the groove 55 for a further pin in layer L2. The second pin 22b is connected to a further seventh pin 27b2 via the first type of connection 61. This seventh pin 27b2 lies in the same groove 54 as the third pin 23b. The seventh pin 27b2 is in layer L2. Between the third pin 23b and the seventh pin 27b there is still space in the groove 54 for a further pin in layer L3. The two seventh pins 27b, 27b2 are in identical layers but in grooves that are rotated by 120 degrees.

The type of connection of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins forms a first turn 41b of the first coil section of the second coil 202.

The serial connection of the seventh pin 27b2 in the fourth groove 54 with further pins in the third and second grooves 53 and 52 forms a second turn 42b. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 between these pins is identical to the respective first, second, third, fourth, fifth type of connection 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of the pins in FIG the previous figures.

The two turns 41b, 42b are connected by the sixth type of connection 66. The third turn 43b is started at the beginning by the fifth end pin 21c and is completed after the counterclockwise rotation around the stator by the continuation of the serial connection in the first and sixth slots 51, 56. The turns 41b, 42b, 43b are each connected to the sixth type of connection 66. The sixth type of connection 66 between the respective turns is thus identical. Also the first, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 63, 64, 65 between the pins of the turn 43b is identical to the first, third, fourth and fifth type of connection 61, 63, 64, 65 of the first and second turns 41b, 42b. There is no second type of connection 62 in the turn 43b.

The three turns 41b, 42b, 43b form a first partial coil of the second coil 202 by rotating around the stator 1 in a counterclockwise direction. The fifth end pin 21c also has an input 87 for connecting an energy source. The first coil section of the second coil ends with a sixth end 28b of the turn 43b.

FIG. 8 shows a pin assignment through the first partial coil of the second coil from FIG. 7 and pins two further partial coils which are connected according to the diagram of FIGS. 7 and 21, the slots being counterclockwise directly adjacent to the slots from FIG.

The first, second and third sub-coil of the second coil are represented by black double squares. The same reference symbols designate the same pins, grooves and connections in the figures. The sixth end pin 28b of turn 43b of the first coil section of the second coil in slot 56, layer L4 and a seventh end pin 31b of a first turn of the second coil section of the second coil in slot 91 in layer LI is connected to an eighth type of connection 68. A sixth end pin 38b of the first turn of the second coil section of the second coil in slot 96, layer L4 and a seventh end pin 21b of the first turn of the third coil section of the second coil in slot 51a, layer LI is connected to the eighth type of connection 68. The three sub-coils thus form the second coil 202 with an input 87 and an output 85 after three radial rotation around the stator in a counterclockwise direction. An eighth end pin 28c also has the output 85 for connecting an energy source.

FIG. 9 shows a pin assignment through the first coil 201 from FIG. 6, which are represented by black squares. The same reference symbols denote the same pins, grooves and connections in the figures. Furthermore, the second coil 202 from FIG. 8 is shown as black squares on a white background, which are located in the same slots but in different layers. The coil sections of the two coils are connected to the seventh type of connection 67 (first coil) or the eighth type of connection 68 (second coil).

Two parallel coils are thus shown, each consisting of three sub-coils. The inputs and outputs of the coils are also shown. The input 81 of the first coil is located on the groove 51 and the output 83 on the groove 56a. The input 87 of the second coil is also located on the groove 51 and the output 85 on the groove 56a. The inputs and outputs of both coils are therefore in the same slot. FIG. 10 shows a pin assignment through a third and fourth coil in the black squares with a white point and the white squares with a black point. This is created by a winding scheme known from FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 7, which is offset by two slots counterclockwise in comparison to the pins and connections of the partial coils shown there. It should be noted that FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 3, but with an offset layer and a counterclockwise rotation of the connections. The inputs 101 and outputs 103 of the third coil and inputs 107 and outputs 105 of the fourth coil are also shown. The inputs and outputs of both coils are therefore in the same slot. FIG. 11 shows a pin assignment through a fifth and sixth coil in the black squares with a white cross and the white squares with a black cross. This is created by a winding scheme known from Figures 3, 4, 5, 7, which by five grooves against the

Clockwise compared to the pins and connections of the coil sections shown there. It should be noted that FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 3, but with an offset layer and a counterclockwise rotation of the connections. The inputs 111 and outputs 113 of the fifth coil and inputs 117 and outputs 115 of the sixth coil are also shown. The inputs and outputs of both coils are therefore in the same slot.

FIG. 12 shows a pin assignment through the six coils as a combination of FIGS. 10, 11 and 12.

In particular from the position of the inputs 81, 87, 101, 107, 111, 117 and outputs 83, 85, 103, 105, 113, 115 it is evident that the coils can be interconnected within 18 slots. In the stator shown as an example with fifty-four slots, the inputs and outputs can thus be interconnected within a third of the circumference of the stator. In relation to the inputs or outputs, separate wiring within seven slots would be possible. FIG. 13 shows a first single pin 216 or also called Ipin on the left. In the middle is the first end pin 21, which is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51, layer L2, of the stator. The reference numbers are identical to the previous figures. The first single pin 216 is shown from the perspective of the stator center point with the first end face 7 facing up. At the lower end, the first individual pin 216 has a pin foot 61a with a second Spot weld 223. At the upper end is the entrance 81, 101, 111.

A second single pin 217 is shown on the right in FIG.

In the middle is the fifth end pin 21c, which is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51, layer LI, of the stator. The reference numbers are identical to the previous figures. The pins are shown from the perspective of the stator center point with the first end face 7 facing up. At the lower end, the second individual pin 217 has a pin foot 61b with a first weld point 221. At the upper end is the entrance 87, 107, 117.

On the left, FIG. 14 shows a third individual pin 218 or also called Ipin. In the middle is the eighth end pin 28c, which is arranged, for example, in the slot 56a, layer L4, of the stator. The reference numbers are identical to the previous figures. The single pin is shown from the perspective of the stator center point with the first end face 7 facing up. At the lower end, the third individual pin 218 has a pin foot 63b with a fourth spot weld 227. Exit 83, 103, 113 is at the upper end.

A fourth single pin 219 is shown on the right in FIG.

In the middle is the fourth end pin 28a, which is arranged, for example, in the slot 56a, layer L5, of the stator. The reference numbers are identical to the previous figures. From the point of view of the

Shown at the center of the stator with the first end face 7 facing up. At the lower end, the fourth individual pin 219 has a pin foot 65a with a fifth spot weld 231. Output 85, 105, 115 is located at the upper end. FIG. 15 shows a first double pin 211 or Upin, which establishes the second type of connection 62 between a second pin 22, 32, 22a and a third pin 23, 33, 23a. Of the Double pin 211 can bridge the first distance 71 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet 63a, 61b with a third weld point 225 and a first weld point 221. Figure 16 shows a second double pin 212 or Upin, the fourth type of connection 64 between a fifth pin 25,

35, 25a and a fourth pin 24, 34, 24a. The double pin 211 can bridge the first distance 71 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet 65a, 63b with a fifth

Weld point 231 and a fourth weld point 227.

FIG. 17 shows a third double pin 213 or Upin, which has the sixth type of connection 66 between a sixth 26,

36, 26a and a seventh pin 27, 37, 27a. The third double pin (213) can bridge the first distance 71 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two outwardly bent pin feet 65b, 61a with a sixth weld point 233 and a second weld point 223. The first distance 71 is only identical with regard to the number of grooves to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged differs because the double pins connect different layers.

FIG. 18 shows a fourth double pin 214 or Upin, which produces the seventh type of connection 67 between a second end pin 28, 38 and a third end pin 31, 21a. The fourth double pin 214 can bridge the second distance 75 by one groove less than the first distance 71. At the lower end, the fourth double pin 214 has two outwardly bent pin feet 65b, 61a with a sixth spot weld 233 and a second spot weld 223. FIG. 19 shows a fifth double pin 215 or Upin, which produces the eighth type of connection 68 between a sixth end pin 28b, 38b and a seventh end pin 31b, 21b. The fifth double pin 215 can bridge the second distance 75 by one groove less than the first distance 71. At the lower end, the fifth double pin 215 has two inwardly bent pin feet 63a, 61b with a third weld point 225 and a first weld point 221.

The various single and double pins in FIGS. 13 to 19 have similar pin feet. The first

Type of connection 61 is formed by welding the first spot weld 221 on the pin foot 61a to the second spot weld 223 on the pin foot 61b according to the winding diagram. The third type of connection 63 is made by welding the second weld point 225 on the pin foot 63a to the fourth

Weld point 227 formed on pin foot 63b according to the winding scheme. The fifth type of connection 65 is formed by welding the fifth spot weld 231 on the pin foot 65a to the sixth spot weld 233 on the pin foot 65b according to the winding diagram. The

Single pins are connected to the double pin so that the pins run around the stator as a continuous electrical conductor.

FIG. 20 shows the winding diagram of the three coil sections of the first coil 201. The consecutive "slot number" is not a reference number. The reference numbers with arrows on the slots are identical to the previous figures and enable comparison with these figures.

FIG. 21 shows the winding diagram of the three partial coils of the second coil 202. The consecutive "slot number" is not a reference number. The reference numbers with arrows on the slots are identical to the previous figures and enable comparison with these figures. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 403, for example a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, comprising an electrical machine 401, in particular an electric motor, with an exemplary embodiment of the stator 1 for driving the

Vehicle 403. Furthermore, the vehicle 403 can have an inverter 405, which supplies the electrical machine 401 with an alternating current from a direct current source.

List of reference symbols

1 stator

2, 3, 22-38b pin 5, 51-56a, 91-96 slot 7 first face 9 second face

21 first end pin

28, 38 second end pin 31, 21a third end pin 28a fourth end pin 21c fifth end pin

28b, 38b sixth end pin 21b, 31b seventh end pin 28c eighth end pin

41-49, 41b, 42b, 43b turn 61 first type of connection 62 second type of connection

63 third type of connection

64 fourth type of connection

65 fifth type of connection

66 sixth type of connection

67 seventh type of connection

68 eighth type of connection

61a, 61b, 63a, 63b, 65a, 65b pin foot

71 first distance

75 second distance

73 third distance 81, 87, 101, 107, 111, 117 input 83, 85, 103, 105, 113, 115 output 201 first coil 202 second coil

211, 212, 213, 214, 215 double pin

216, 217, 218, 219 single pin

221, 223, 225, 227, 231, 233 spot weld

401 electric machine

403 vehicle

405 inverter

LI, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 Layer M stator center

Claims

1. Stator (1) for an electrical machine (100), comprising

- A multiplicity of pins (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27), which are arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center point (M) in slots (51, 52, 53, 54,

55, 56) are arranged in the stator, and each concentric circle forms a layer (LI, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6);

- with six pins (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) in different layers (LI, L2, L3, L4,

L5, L6) are connected to each other in series and form a turn (41),

- A first pin (21) of the turn (41) is located in a first groove (51) in the 6n-4 layer (L2), where n is a natural number;

- A second pin (22) of the winding (41) is located in a second slot (52) in the 6n-5 layer (LI), the second slot (52) having a first radial distance (71) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1) to the first groove (51);

- A third pin (23) of the turn (41) is located in the first groove (51) in the 6n-2 layer (L4);

- a fourth pin (24) of the turn (41) is in the second groove (52) in the 6n-3 layer (L3)

- a fifth pin (25) is in the first groove (51) in the 6n layer (L6)

- A sixth pin (26) of the turn (41) is located in the second groove (52) in the 6n-1 layer (L5).

2. Stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the stator (1) has a first (7) and a second end face (9); and

- the first (21) and second pin (22) on the second The end face is connected to one another by means of a first type of connection (61);

- The second pin (22) and third pin (23) on the first end face (7) are connected to one another by means of a second type of connection (62);

- The third pin (23) and fourth pin (24) on the second end face are connected to one another by means of a third type of connection (63);

- The fourth pin (24) and fifth pin (25) on the first end face (7) are connected to one another by means of a fourth type of connection (64)

- The fifth pin (25) and sixth pin (26) on the second end face are connected to one another by means of a fifth connection type (65), the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types differing from one another.

3. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator (1) has at least two turns (41,

42, 43) and at least the sixth pin (26) in the second groove (52, 54) with a seventh pin (27) in the 6n-4 layer (L2) in a third groove (53, 55) by means of a sixth type of connection (66) is connected.

4. Stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein the stator (1) has a plurality of turns (41, 42) which extend over the entire circumference of the stator (1) and thereby form a partial coil.

5. Stator (1) according to claim 4, wherein one pin of three sub-coils is connected to one another by means of a seventh type of connection (67) or an eighth type of connection (68) and form a coil (201, 202).

6. Stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein the sub-coils form six coils and three phases are assigned to these in such a way that two coils, which are assigned to the same phase, are located in three adjacent slots (51-56, 91-96, 51a-56a).

7. stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein each input (81, 101, 111, 87, 107, 117) of an end pin (21, 21a) of two coils (201, 202) are connected to one another by means of a ninth type of connection.

8. stator (1) according to claim 7, wherein each output (83, 103, 113, 85, 105, 115) of an end pin (28, 28c) of the two coils (201, 202) is connected to one another and the two coils ( 201, 202) are thereby connected in parallel, and in particular are assigned to a phase.

9. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second type of connection (62) comprises a first double pin (211) which is formed from the second pin (22, 32) and the third pin (23, 33), wherein the first double pin (211) has two inwardly bent pin feet (61b, 63a) each with a weld point (221, 225) and bridges a first radial distance (71).

10. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fourth type of connection (64) comprises a second double pin (212) which is formed from the fourth pin (24, 34) and the fifth pin (25, 35), wherein the second double pin (212) has two inwardly bent pin feet (63b, 65b) each with a weld point (227, 231) and bridges a first radial distance (71).

11. stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sixth type of connection (66) comprises a third double pin (213), which is formed from the sixth pin (26, 36, 26a) and the seventh pin (27, 37, 27a), the second double pin (213) two after has externally bent pin feet (61a, 65b) each with a weld point (233, 223) and bridges a first radial distance (71).

12. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the seventh type of connection (67) comprises a fourth double pin (214) which is formed from a second end pin (28, 38) and a third end pin (31, 21a), wherein the fourth double pin (214) has two outwardly bent pin feet (65b, 61a) each with a weld point (233, 223) and bridges a second radial distance (75).

13. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the eighth type of connection (68) comprises a fifth double pin (215) which is formed from a sixth end pin (28b, 38b) and a seventh end pin (31b, 21b), wherein the fifth double pin (215) has two inwardly bent pin feet (63a, 61b) each with a weld point (225, 221) and bridges a second radial distance (75).

14. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first single pin (216) comprises a first end pin (21) and a clockwise bent pin base (61a) with a weld point (223).

15. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second single pin (217) comprises a fifth end pin (21c) and has a counterclockwise bent pin foot (61b) with a weld point (221).

16. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a third individual pin (218) comprises a fourth end pin (28a) and a pin base (63b) bent counterclockwise with a weld point (227).

17. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a fourth individual pin (219) comprises an eighth end pin (28c) and a pin base (65a) bent clockwise with a weld point (231).

18. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first type of connection (61) by a welded connection of a first weld point (221) on the pin foot (61b) of the first double pin (211) or the fifth double pin (215) or the second single pin (217) is formed with a second welding point (223) on the pin foot (61a) of the third double pin (213) or the fourth double pin (214) or the first single pin (216).

19. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the third type of connection (63) by a welded connection of a third weld point (225) on the pin foot (63a) of the first double pin (211) or the fifth double pin (215) with a fourth weld point (227) is formed on the pin foot (63b) of the second double pin (212) or the third single pin (218).

20. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fifth type of connection (65) by a welded connection of a fifth weld point (231) on the pin foot (65a) of the second double pin (212) or the fourth single pin (219) with a sixth weld point (233) on the pin foot (65b) of the third Double pins (213) or the fourth double pin (214) or the fourth single pin (219) is formed.

21. Vehicle (403) with an electrical machine (401) with a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims.