EP4327349A1 - Dispositif de commutation à courant continu - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation à courant continu

Info

Publication number
EP4327349A1
EP4327349A1 EP21728443.9A EP21728443A EP4327349A1 EP 4327349 A1 EP4327349 A1 EP 4327349A1 EP 21728443 A EP21728443 A EP 21728443A EP 4327349 A1 EP4327349 A1 EP 4327349A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
current
sub
switches
interrupter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21728443.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg DORN
Dominik ERGIN
Hans-Peter KRÄMER
Christian Schacherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4327349A1 publication Critical patent/EP4327349A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel

Definitions

  • DC circuit breakers are generally intended for switching load and fault currents. The ability to switch off DC residual currents quickly several times and then switch them back on again is often required, for example in the case of a so-called auto closure. Such DC circuit breakers are generally complex and expensive.
  • a short-circuit current limiter which is provided for alternating currents is known from the international patent application WO 2020/064558 A1.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a direct current switching device for high-voltage applications and a method for switching off a direct current in a high-voltage direct current network, which can be implemented at low cost.
  • each sub-switch has an interrupter unit (arranged in a rated current path) and (in a parallel current path) a current-limiting unit connected in parallel to the interrupter unit, the current-limiting unit having a fuse element.
  • the sub-switches have a comparatively simple structure. By connecting in series The dielectric strength of the DC switching device can be easily scaled with several sub-switches. A very high dielectric strength can be achieved with a corresponding number of sub-switches electrically connected in series.
  • the fuse element is in particular a current-limiting fuse element. In the following, high voltage is understood to mean voltages greater than 20 kV.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the fuse element is a (disposable) fusible element.
  • a fuse element is very inexpensive.
  • a direct current switching device realized in this way can only be used once to switch off a direct current at high-voltage potential; after that the safety fuse element has to be replaced. In many applications, however, such a one-off switch-off is sufficient.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • a surge arrester is connected in parallel with the interrupter unit.
  • the surge arrester can be designed in particular as a non-linear ohmic resistor or as a metal oxide varistor.
  • the overvoltage arrester can advantageously protect the respective sub-switch against overvoltage, can absorb energy or influence the voltage distribution to the individual sub-switches, for example bring about an even voltage distribution. Furthermore, the switch-off processes of the individual sub-switches can be decoupled from one another by the surge arrester.
  • the DC switching device can also be designed in such a way that
  • the current-limiting unit has a component with a non-linear conductivity (non-linear component), which is in series with the fuse element (in the parallel current path). is switched.
  • the component can be, for example, a diode, an IGBT, a thyristor, a GTO, a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET.
  • a current-flow-related unidirectional component (such as a diode) can be used, or a bidirectional component (or two unidirectional components connected anti-parallel).
  • the component will slightly increase the forward voltage in the current path of the fuse element. This means that in normal operation almost all of the (load) current flows through the interrupter unit.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the current limiting unit is assigned a switch which electrically connects the fuse element to the interrupter unit in a closed state and separates the fuse element from the interrupter unit in a ge opened state.
  • the switch can be designed in such a way that in the closed state it electrically connects a connection of the fuse element to the interrupter unit and in the open state disconnects the connection of the fuse element from the interrupter unit.
  • the switch can be connected in series with the fuse element. The switch is particularly advantageous if (for example due to a low current to be switched off) the fuse element does not trip completely and the fuse element is therefore still conductive with an undefined conductivity at the end of the switch-off process. In the sem case, an isolation in the switch by means of current path of the interrupter unit (parallel current path) can be reached. The switch then forms an additional isolation path in this current path.
  • the switch can also be designed as a load switch in order to be able to interrupt a possible residual current.
  • a vacuum switch with a vacuum switching gap can also be advantageous here due to its very good insulating properties.
  • Gas switches or switches with a liquid insulating medium such as esters or oils are also possible.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • a circuit is arranged parallel to the interrupter unit of the sub-switches, each circuit having at least one electrical component and the circuits of the individual sub-switches affecting the voltages occurring across the sub-switches in the manner of a voltage divider.
  • the voltage divider can in particular be a resistive voltage divider or an ohmic-capacitive voltage divider (with R-C elements); it is also possible, for example, to use a resistive voltage divider and a resistive-capacitive voltage divider which are connected in parallel. As a result, the voltage distribution between the sub-switches of the series circuit can advantageously be influenced.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the circuits are selected in such a way that essentially the same voltages occur across the sub-switches. be achieved.
  • a voltage symmetrization can therefore be achieved with advantage.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the interrupter unit has two switching paths (connected in series).
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • a first switching path of the interrupter unit is formed by a vacuum interrupter chamber.
  • a second interrupter of the interrupter unit may be formed by a second vacuum interrupter chamber (or by an interrupter comprising a different insulating medium, for example a gas, an ester or an oil).
  • the second interrupter can be a gas interrupter, an esther interrupter, or an oil interrupter.
  • the commutation of the current in the current-limiting unit can be improved by the second switching path. This is particularly advantageous when the arc voltage that occurs when a single switching gap of a vacuum interrupter chamber is opened is too low for rapid commutation.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • Each partial switch is assigned its own control circuit and its own drive (which are designed to open the interrupter unit).
  • each sub-switch can switch independently of the other sub-switches, which reduces the risk of failure of the entire DC switching device.
  • the drive for moving switching contacts of the interrupter unit (in particular for moving switching contacts of the vacuum interrupter chamber) can be an electromagnetic, mechanical or chemical drive, for example.
  • a chemical drive for example, has the advantage of a very low intrinsic time and a high arc voltage when opening (especially blasting open) the switching contacts. The energy supply to the drive can be isolated if the drive is at a high-voltage potential.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • the drive circuit is connected to a central controller, with the central controller synchronizing the drive circuits of the individual sub-switches. As a result, the sub-switches can be opened essentially simultaneously.
  • the DC switching device can be designed in such a way that
  • a disconnector is arranged in series with the sub-switches.
  • the circuit breaker can also be suitable for switching off any residual currents.
  • Such residual currents can be less than 20 A, for example, preferably less than 1 A.
  • a high-voltage direct current network is also disclosed, which has high-voltage cables and a direct current switching device according to one of the variants described above.
  • Each sub-switch has an interrupter unit (arranged in a rated current path) and (in a parallel current path) a current-limiting unit connected in parallel to the interrupter unit, the current-limiting unit having a fuse element, with the method - in normal operation, the current flows (essentially) through the interrupter units of the sub-switches,
  • the interrupter units of the sub-switches are opened, whereupon the current in the current-limiting units of the sub-switches is commutated, and
  • the procedure can be carried out in such a way that
  • the total voltage applied to the direct-current switching device is distributed substantially evenly to the sub-switches. This can be achieved, for example, with the surge arrester or the Be circuit.
  • the DC switching device and the method have similar properties and/or advantages.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a direct-current switching device arranged in a high-voltage direct-current network, in
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a direct current
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial switch with nonlinear components connected in parallel, in
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a partial switch with a an additional switch in the current limiting unit, in
  • Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a partial switch with an additional switch
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial switch with a circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a DC switching device 1 for high-voltage applications.
  • This direct-current switching device 1 has a series circuit made up of similar sub-switches TI to Tn.
  • the first sub-switch TI has an interrupter unit SW1 arranged in a rated current path 4 of the DC switching device 1 .
  • the interrupter unit SW1 can, for example, be designed as a mechanical switch, for example as a vacuum interrupter chamber.
  • a current limiting unit 10 is arranged in parallel with the interrupter unit SW1 (in a parallel current path 7).
  • the current-limiting unit 10 has a (in particular current-limiting) fuse element Fl.
  • the fuse element Fl is designed as a single-use fuse element Fl.
  • the interrupter unit SW1 and the current limiting unit 10 are electrically connected in parallel.
  • Each sub-switch Tn is assigned its own drive circuit ASn and its own drive ATn.
  • the control circuit ASn and the drive ATn are designed to open the interrupter unit electrically when required.
  • a first drive ATI and a first control circuit AS1 are assigned to the first sub-switch TI.
  • the control circuits AS1 to ASn are connected to a central controller 15 .
  • "Central" means here that the controller 15 several or all sub-switches of the DC switching assigned to direction 1.
  • the central controller 15 can be, for example, a central controller 15 of the direct-current switching device or a central controller 15 of the high-voltage direct-current system.
  • the central controller 15 sends opening signals (opening commands, opening commands) to the individual control circuits AS1 to ASn.
  • the central controller 15 sends the opening signals in a synchronized manner, in particular simultaneously, to the drive circuits, so that the drive circuits ideally open the interrupter units SW1 to SWn simultaneously by means of the respective drives.
  • the first drive circuit AS1 communicates with the central controller 15. If the central controller 15 sends an opening signal to the drive circuit AS1, then this opening signal is implemented. For this purpose, the drive ATI is controlled accordingly, so that this drive ATI opens the interrupter unit SW1.
  • the control circuit AS1 can also monitor the status of the security element Fl and/or the status of the drive ATI. The status of these components can be reported back to the central controller 15.
  • the other sub-switches T2 to TN are designed in the same way.
  • An isolating switch 18 is optionally arranged in series with the sub-switches TI to TN. This isolating switch 18 enables galvanic isolation of the rated current path 4.
  • a (discrete) inductance 19 (in the form of an inductance component) can optionally also be connected in series with the sub-switches TI to TN, whereby in the event of a fault the maximum current rise di/dt is limited.
  • the DC switching device 1 is (via the optional circuit breaker 18 and the optional inductance 19) connected to high-voltage cables 21 of a high-voltage direct-current network N, not shown in detail.
  • the interrupter unit SW1 can be formed by a vacuum interrupter chamber, for example.
  • the company breaker unit also have two series-connected switching paths.
  • a first switching path of the interrupter unit can be formed, for example, by a first vacuum interrupter chamber and a second switching path can be formed by a second vacuum interrupter chamber.
  • the first interrupter can be formed by a vacuum interrupter chamber and the second interrupter can be formed by a different interrupter, for example a gas interrupter, an ester interrupter or an oil interrupter.
  • a vacuum interrupter chamber can therefore advantageously be used as the interrupter unit SW1, but other interrupter chambers such as a gas-insulated interrupter chamber can also be used.
  • a high arc voltage is advantageous for commutation of the current in the parallel current path.
  • the arc voltage can advantageously be increased by various measures:
  • the arc can be mechanically stretched or constricted, resulting in a higher arc voltage.
  • Cooling plates can be used, which cool the arc and divide it into several individual arcs, which also increases the resulting arc voltage.
  • the arc can be cooled using an insulating medium.
  • an insulating medium can be gaseous (e.g. SF6).
  • Such an insulating medium can also be a solid insulating medium (for example polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, which is also known colloquially as Teflon), which vaporizes when it comes into contact with the arc.
  • the fuse element Fl is designed as a one-time switching element.
  • the fuse element Fl triggers (opens) when the current flowing through the fuse element exceeds a predetermined current-time area (JI 2 dt value). tet.
  • JI 2 dt value a predetermined current-time area
  • fuse elements with different JI 2 dt values can be used.
  • the fuse elements do not have to be designed for the maximum rated current of the DC switching device, which means that smaller operational currents and not just high fault currents (such as short-circuit currents) can also be switched off.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the DC switching device 1, in which an overvoltage arrester MOV is connected in parallel with the interrupter unit SW (and thus also in parallel with the current limiting unit 10).
  • This surge arrester MOV can be configured in particular as a non-linear ohmic resistor or as a metal oxide varistor.
  • These overvoltage arresters MOV1 to MOVn decouple the switching operations of the individual sub-switches TI to Tn from one another.
  • These surge arresters MOV1 to MOVn can also absorb energy that is released, for example, when switching off due to inductances in the circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial switch, for example an exemplary embodiment of the partial switch TI.
  • Two components D1, D2 with a non-linear conductivity are connected in series with the security element F1.
  • this involves a first diode D1 and a second diode D2.
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected in anti-parallel.
  • the back-to-back connection of the two diodes makes it possible to use the direct-current switching device for direct currents flowing in both directions.
  • the DC switching device is only suitable for one direction of current.
  • another component can also be used as a component with a non-linear conductivity, for example an IGBT. a thyristor, a GTO, a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET.
  • the forward voltage in the current path with the current limiting unit 10 is increased by the component or components with non-linear conductivity D1, D2.
  • the current flowing through the DC switching device 1 flows almost entirely through the interrupter unit SW1 (and not through the fuse element F1). This avoids premature aging of the fuse Fl.
  • FIG 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial switch in which an additional switch S1 is arranged in the current path 7 of the current limiting unit 10, which electrically connects the fuse element Fl to the interrupter unit SW1 in its closed state and disconnects the fuse element Fl from the interrupter unit SW1 in its open state Interrupter unit SW1 separates.
  • This switch S1 is therefore assigned to the current-limiting unit 10 .
  • the switch S1 (in the parallel current path 7) is connected in series with the fuse element Fl.
  • the switch S1 is particularly advantageous in cases where the fuse element Fl does not fully trip, i. H.
  • the safety fuse element Fl does not completely burn out all the time. This can happen, for example, if a relatively low direct current is to be switched off by means of the direct current switching device 1 .
  • the fuse element F1 can still be conductive at the end of the switch-off process, with the conductivity being undefined, i.e. it cannot be estimated in advance.
  • the switch S1 provides an additional isolation gap for isolation in the parallel branch/parallel current path 7 .
  • the switch S1 can preferably be opened at the point in time at which the safety element F1 opens.
  • the surge arrester MOV and / or the diodes Dl and D2 in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 are op- national; In other exemplary embodiments, the surge arrester MOV and/or the diodes D1 and D2 can also be left out.
  • a further switching circuit can also be arranged parallel to the interrupter unit SW1, as is described, for example, in connection with FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a partial switch in which the additional switch S1 is arranged in the parallel current path 7 in such a way that it separates not only the fuse element F1 but also the surge arrester MOV from the rated current path 4.
  • the partial switch in FIG. 5 can be used to particular advantage when a high-impedance circuit is connected in parallel with the surge arrester MOV.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial switch T in which a circuit 603 is arranged in parallel with the interrupter unit SW1 (and thus in parallel with the current-limiting unit 10).
  • This additional wiring 603 ensures a defined, essentially uniform voltage distribution to the individual sub-switches T of the series connection of the DC switching device 1.
  • the wiring 603 is shown in FIG. 6 merely as a schematic block.
  • This wiring 603 can contain various electrical elements, for example a (particularly high-impedance) ohmic resistor for the purpose of static voltage distribution to the individual sub-switches.
  • the wiring 603 can also be a series circuit made up of a resistor R and a capacitor C, so that an ohmic-capacitive voltage divider is formed across the individual partial switches Tn.
  • the wiring contains a capacitor, then the wiring is preferably used for dynamic voltage distribution to the individual sub-switches.
  • static and dynamic stress distribution can tion/voltage balancing are used, ie in the wiring, for example, an ohmic resistor and an RC element can be connected in parallel.
  • the direct current switching device described and the method described can be used to advantage in particular in a high-voltage direct current network which has high-voltage cables.
  • the direct current switching device and the method can be used in high-voltage direct current transmission systems for point-to-point transmissions as well as for multi-terminal transmissions/applications.
  • faults occur less frequently (compared to overhead line networks) and are usually permanent, i. H. constantly. Therefore, in such high-voltage direct-current cable networks, the direct-current switching device described, with its one-off disconnection capability, is often sufficient.
  • the direct-current switching device and the method are much more cost-effective than a direct-current circuit breaker with a high possible switching frequency and rapid reconnection capability, resulting in a very cost-effective disconnection solution, particularly for pure high-voltage cable systems.
  • the direct current switching device described can therefore preferably be used in high-voltage direct current systems whose line systems (in particular exclusively) are realized by high-voltage cables.
  • so-called XLPE cables plastic-insulated cables
  • XLPE cables plastic-insulated cables
  • the direct current switching device described and the method described are based on the use of fuse elements and make it possible to provide a switch-off option for direct current fault currents with very few and cost-effective components.
  • the reduced performance of the switching device described and the method described in relation to other conceivable solutions the switching frequency and the ability to switch back on is not a problem, especially for high-voltage direct current projects with pure cable systems; this partially reduced performance is offset by a considerable price advantage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation à courant continu (1) pour des applications haute tension, dans lequel une pluralité du même type de sous-commutateurs (T1-Tn) sont connectés en série. Chaque sous-commutateur (T1-Tn) comprend une unité de disjoncteur (SW1-SWn) et une unité de limiteur de courant (10) connectée en parallèle à l'unité de disjoncteur, l'unité de limiteur de courant (10) ayant un élément de fusible (F1-Fn).
EP21728443.9A 2021-05-06 2021-05-06 Dispositif de commutation à courant continu Pending EP4327349A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2021/061961 WO2022233413A1 (fr) 2021-05-06 2021-05-06 Dispositif de commutation à courant continu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4327349A1 true EP4327349A1 (fr) 2024-02-28

Family

ID=76181064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21728443.9A Pending EP4327349A1 (fr) 2021-05-06 2021-05-06 Dispositif de commutation à courant continu

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4327349A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022233413A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1191884B (de) * 1962-07-26 1965-04-29 Licentia Gmbh Gleichstromschalter fuer hohe Spannungen
ATE463829T1 (de) * 2007-10-12 2010-04-15 Sma Solar Technology Ag Lasttrenner-anordnung
US8724266B2 (en) * 2012-08-02 2014-05-13 Renewable Power Conversion, Inc. Photovoltaic switchgear with sacrificial fuse
EP3061111B1 (fr) * 2013-12-20 2017-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé pour commuter un courant continu
EP3629352A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2020-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiteur de courant de court-circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2022233413A1 (fr) 2022-11-10

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