EP4324575A1 - Method for automatic stitch plan calculation in radial forging - Google Patents
Method for automatic stitch plan calculation in radial forging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4324575A1 EP4324575A1 EP23190114.1A EP23190114A EP4324575A1 EP 4324575 A1 EP4324575 A1 EP 4324575A1 EP 23190114 A EP23190114 A EP 23190114A EP 4324575 A1 EP4324575 A1 EP 4324575A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- radial forging
- workpiece
- pipe
- calculation program
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
- B21J9/20—Control devices specially adapted to forging presses not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for automatic pass schedule calculation during radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel, in a radial forging machine with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the workpiece and /or long product.
- the automatic pass schedule calculation is well known to those skilled in the art for open-die forging presses and radial forging machines.
- This software allows the system operator to enter an initial geometry and a final geometry in an input mask and, based on this, the software calculates the pass schedule according to defined parameters. This means that the software calculates how many overforgings the final geometry is achieved and what cross-sectional reduction is achieved per overforging. The degree of stretching then results from the individual deformations.
- the temperature and required pressing force are estimated after overforging, although the software is only able to calculate simple geometries such as forging steel bars.
- the forming in a radial forging machine is regularly carried out in a one-pass process, in which the characteristics of reversing forging are not present.
- the forging of pipes is usually carried out using a mandrel, which is inserted into the mother pipe and acts as an abutment during the forging process.
- a method for automatic pass schedule calculation in the radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel is provided in a radial forging machine with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the Workpiece and/or pipe.
- starting parameters for the radial forging process are entered into a pass schedule calculation program and target parameters for the radial forging process are set.
- the pass schedule calculation program calculates a pass schedule or forging sequence based on these start and target parameters. For the first time, it is now possible to use a pass schedule calculation program for pipes, thereby increasing the level of automation of the forging process and the reproducibility of the forging results can be improved.
- the pass schedule calculation program preferably takes into account the temperature development and the temperature distribution over the cross section of the pipe as well as the shape change during radial forging.
- the solution described is basically possible using a combination of stitch plan calculation software and the finite element method, whereby the stitch plan calculation software determines a stitch plan, which is then mapped using the finite element method.
- the temperature distribution and strain distribution across the cross section of the product to be formed can be detected.
- the calculation of the temperature distribution of the shape change distribution over the component cross section is preferably carried out using the pass plan calculation program.
- the material flow during forging is particularly important for local forming, particularly when geometries differ from bar steels Temperature distribution and deformation distribution over the component cross section.
- the method according to the invention preferably takes these parameters into account when calculating the pass schedule and particularly preferably offers a forging result that is optimized for the respective desired final geometry, which can particularly preferably be achieved automatically and reproducibly.
- the pass plan calculation is preferably carried out taking into account several influencing parameters such as the tool geometry, the maximum possible pressing force, preferably also the feed of the workpiece, the workpiece properties such as the flow curve of the material, etc.
- all of these parameters are preferably taken into account in such a way that all limits such as the maximum pressing force are adhered to.
- the radial forging of the pipe is carried out using a pipe blank as a workpiece, with a mandrel being inserted into the pipe blank, which serves as an abutment for the forging tools during radial forging.
- the forging process thus takes place starting from the tube blank with gradual deformation of the tube wall between the mandrel and the forging tools arranged around the circumference of the tube blank.
- the wall thickness of the pipe increases during the radial forging process.
- the pass schedule calculation program takes into account an optimized shape change distribution, particularly preferably within a predetermined temperature range.
- This provides a method that takes into account the locally different distribution of shape change and the associated forming, in particular reduction in cross-section, particularly when radial forging of complex workpiece geometries into long products, especially in the case of pipes.
- a pipe is achieved that is forged throughout its entire length and cross-section and at the same time does not have any area that has exceeded predetermined and material-dependent temperature thresholds due to increased forming.
- the result is a tube that has a structural structure that is optimized over its length and cross section and, as a result, has optimized workpiece properties.
- the pass plan calculation program takes the optimized shape change distribution and the temperature development and temperature distribution into account. This provides a method that ensures that predetermined threshold values with regard to the system and process parameters are not exceeded at any time during the radial forging process.
- the starting parameters that are entered into a pass schedule calculation program include the initial geometry of the workpiece, its dimensions, its starting temperature, in particular the furnace temperature at which the workpiece was removed before the start of the radial forging process, and the material of the Workpiece, includes.
- the target parameters for the radial forging process are set and included in the pass plan calculation program must be entered, the target geometry of the pipe, its final wall thickness and dimensions and a shape change that is as homogeneous as possible.
- the shape change distribution over the cross section of the pipe and/or the temperature distribution over the cross section of the pipe are then the result of such a forging process.
- an optimized shape change distribution in particular across the individual steps of the forging process, is calculated by the pass schedule calculation program based on the target parameters of the temperature development and temperature distribution, or that the temperature development and temperature distribution, in particular over the individual steps of the forging process can be calculated.
- the invention therefore uses either the temperature development and temperature distribution to optimize the shape change distribution, or the shape change distribution to optimize the temperature development and temperature distribution, in particular over the individual steps of the forging process, and thus optimizes the pass plan calculation program and ultimately the forging result itself.
- an optimized structure or an optimized structure distribution is calculated by the pass schedule calculation program based on the target parameters of temperature development and temperature distribution.
- the temperature development and temperature distribution can be calculated using the structure as the target parameter.
- a long product is obtained by radial forging, preferably in Each component cross section has a predetermined structure or a predetermined structure distribution.
- the pass schedule calculation program takes into account the forming heat introduced into the workpiece by the forming, in particular cross-sectional reduction, during radial forging.
- the forming, in particular the reduction in cross-section introduces significant energy into the workpiece and that this energy is reflected not only in the resulting change in shape, but also in a clearly measurable increase in the workpiece temperature.
- This increase in the workpiece temperature is often significantly different locally with different forming processes that act on the workpiece and therefore also has a locally significant influence on the existing or developing structure. Taking into account the forming heat introduced into the workpiece thus supports the method according to the invention in achieving an optimal radial forging result.
- the method is connected online to a press control unit and can issue optimized control commands during the radial forging process based on measured values and/or calculated values.
- a regulation of the method according to the invention designed in this way uses either suitable measurement results, in particular measured surface temperatures, or, where measurements cannot be made or are only possible with difficulty, calculated values for regular and ideally constant online control of the radial forging process. This supports the goal of an optimized method for automatic pass schedule calculation in the radial forging of pipes from metallic workpieces particularly advantageously and with means that are easy to control.
- a control and/or regulation unit of a radial forging machine wherein the control or regulation unit contains or at least cooperates with a pass schedule calculation program for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- a radial forging machine for radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel is provided with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the workpiece and / or pipe, wherein the radial forging machine according to the third aspect of the invention is connected to a control and / or regulation unit according to the second aspect of the invention or at least works together with it.
- This provides a radial forging machine that is capable of providing all technical effects associated with the method according to the invention according to the first aspect in a safe and reproducible manner for the system operator.
- such a radial forging machine is particularly preferably adapted and designed to carry out the radial forging of pipes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this is done with the assistance of a mandrel that is inserted into the workpiece or tube and arranged there during radial forging.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden von Langprodukten aus metallischen Werkstücken, insbesondere aus Stahl, in einer Radialschmiedemaschine mit wenigstens vier über den Umfang des Werkstücks angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen, die eingerichtet und angepasst sind, gleichzeitig die Schmiedeoperation zumindest über eine Teillänge des Werkstücks und/oder des Rohres auszuführen, wobei Startparameter für den Radialschmiedevorgang in ein Stichplanberechnungsprogramm eingegeben und Zielparameter für den Radialschmiedevorgang festgelegt werden und das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm auf Grundlage dieser Start- und Zielparameter einen Stichplan oder eine Schmiedeabfolge berechnet. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Steuerungs- und/oder Regelungseinheit sowie eine Radialschmiedemaschine zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for automatic pass schedule calculation during radial forging of long products made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel, in a radial forging machine with at least four forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the workpiece and / or the pipe, whereby starting parameters for the radial forging process are entered into a pass plan calculation program and target parameters for the radial forging process are set and the pass plan calculation program calculates a pass plan or a forging sequence based on these start and target parameters. The invention further relates to a control and/or regulation unit and a radial forging machine for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden von Rohren aus metallischen Werkstücken, insbesondere aus Stahl, in einer Radialschmiedemaschine mit wenigstens 4 über den Umfang des Werkstücks angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen, die eingerichtet und angepasst sind, gleichzeitig die Schmiedeoperation zumindest über eine Teillänge des Werkstücks und/oder Langprodukts auszuführen.The invention relates to a method for automatic pass schedule calculation during radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel, in a radial forging machine with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the workpiece and /or long product.
Die automatische Stichplanberechnung ist bei Freiformschmiedepressen und Radialschmiedemaschinen dem Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt. Derzeit verfügbare Software, die die geometrischen Größen, so etwa Durchmesser und Länge des umzuformenden Werkstücks sowie eine Durchschnittstemperatur des Werkstücks über den Schmiedevorgang hindurch berechnet, werden beispielsweise unter den Markennamen ForgeBase® und COMFORGEO am Markt verkauft. Diese Software ermöglicht, dass der Anlagenbetreiber eine Ausgangsgeometrie sowie eine Endgeometrie in einer Eingabemaske eingibt und darauf aufbauend von der Software nach definierten Parametern der Stichplan gerechnet wird. D. h., die Software berechnet, in wie vielen Überschmiedungen die Endgeometrie erreicht wird und welche Querschnittsreduktion pro Überschmiedung realisiert wird. Aus den Einzelumformungen ergibt sich dann der Reckgrad. Zudem wird die Temperatur und erforderliche Presskraft nach einer Überschmiedung abgeschätzt, wobei die Software lediglich in der Lage ist, einfache Geometrien wie etwa das Schmieden von Stabstahl zu berechnen.The automatic pass schedule calculation is well known to those skilled in the art for open-die forging presses and radial forging machines. Currently available software that calculates the geometric variables, such as the diameter and length of the workpiece to be formed as well as an average temperature of the workpiece throughout the forging process, is sold on the market, for example, under the brand names ForgeBase ® and COMFORGEO. This software allows the system operator to enter an initial geometry and a final geometry in an input mask and, based on this, the software calculates the pass schedule according to defined parameters. This means that the software calculates how many overforgings the final geometry is achieved and what cross-sectional reduction is achieved per overforging. The degree of stretching then results from the individual deformations. In addition, the temperature and required pressing force are estimated after overforging, although the software is only able to calculate simple geometries such as forging steel bars.
Bei Rohrschmieden wiederum erfolgt die Umformung in einer Radialschmiedemaschine regelmäßig in einem Ein-Stich-Prozess, bei dem das Charakteristikum des reversierenden Schmiedens gerade nicht gegeben ist. Des Weiteren erfolgt das Schmieden von Rohren in der Regel über einen Dorn, welcher in das Mutterrohr eingebracht ist und als Widerlager während des Schmiedeprozesses fungiert.In tube forging, on the other hand, the forming in a radial forging machine is regularly carried out in a one-pass process, in which the characteristics of reversing forging are not present. Of Furthermore, the forging of pipes is usually carried out using a mandrel, which is inserted into the mother pipe and acts as an abutment during the forging process.
Es besteht somit der Wunsch, Stichplanberechnungsprogramme auch für komplexe Geometrien von Langprodukten wie Rohren zur Verfügung zu stellen. Darüber hinaus ist es eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, die aus bisherigen Prozessen bekannten Schmiedeergebnisse weiter zu optimieren und die berücksichtigten Parameter beim Schmieden zu erweitern.There is therefore a desire to make pass schedule calculation programs available for complex geometries of long products such as pipes. In addition, it is an object of the invention to further optimize the forging results known from previous processes and to expand the parameters taken into account during forging.
Diese Aufgabe wird im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne mit einem Verfahren, umfassend die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1, einer Steuerungs- und/oder Regelungseinheit einer Radialschmiedemaschine, umfassend die Merkmale des Anspruchs 15 sowie mit einer Radialschmiedemaschine, umfassend die Merkmale des Anspruchs 16, gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind insbesondere in den abhängigen Ansprüchen dargelegt.This object is achieved in the sense of the invention with a method comprising the features of claim 1, a control and / or regulation unit of a radial forging machine, comprising the features of claim 15 and with a radial forging machine comprising the features of claim 16. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in particular in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden von Rohren aus metallischen Werkstücken, insbesondere aus Stahl, in einer Radialschmiedemaschine mit wenigstens 4 über den Umfang des Werkstücks angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen zur Verfügung gestellt, die eingerichtet und angepasst sind, gleichzeitig die Schmiedeoperation zumindest über eine Teillänge des Werkstücks und/oder Rohres auszuführen. Hierbei werden Startparameter für den Radialschmiedevorgang in ein Stichplanberechnungsprogramm eingegeben und Zielparameter für den Radialschmiedevorgang festgelegt. Das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm berechnet auf Grundlage dieser Start- und Zielparameter einen Stichplan oder eine Schmiedeabfolge. Es wird erstmalig ermöglicht, auch für Rohre ein Stichplanberechnungsprogramm zu nutzen, wodurch der Grad an Automatisierung des Schmiedeverfahrens sowie die Reproduzierbarkeit des Schmiedeergebnisses verbessert werden.According to the invention, a method for automatic pass schedule calculation in the radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel, is provided in a radial forging machine with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the Workpiece and/or pipe. Here, starting parameters for the radial forging process are entered into a pass schedule calculation program and target parameters for the radial forging process are set. The pass schedule calculation program calculates a pass schedule or forging sequence based on these start and target parameters. For the first time, it is now possible to use a pass schedule calculation program for pipes, thereby increasing the level of automation of the forging process and the reproducibility of the forging results can be improved.
Vorzugsweise berücksichtigt das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm neben der Werkzeuggeometrie und der möglichen Presskraft die Temperaturentwicklung sowie die Temperaturverteilung über den Querschnitt des Rohres sowie die Formänderung beim Radialschmieden.In addition to the tool geometry and the possible pressing force, the pass schedule calculation program preferably takes into account the temperature development and the temperature distribution over the cross section of the pipe as well as the shape change during radial forging.
Hierdurch wird durch die Berechnung der Temperaturverteilung sowie der Formänderungsverteilung über den Bauteilquerschnitt das Schmiedeergebnis insgesamt optimiert. Die beschriebene Lösung ist grundsätzlich über eine Kombinatorik aus Stichplanberechnungssoftware sowie Finite Elemente Methode möglich, wobei die Stichplanberechnungssoftware einen Stichplan ermittelt, welcher dann mittels Finiter Elemente Methode abgebildet wird. Als Ergebnis der Finite Elemente Methode kann die Temperaturverteilung sowie Formänderungsverteilung über den Querschnitt des umzuformenden Produkts detektiert werden. Da jedoch die Berechnung der Temperaturverteilung sowie Formänderungsverteilung mittels Finiter Elemente Methode langwierig, kostenintensiv ist und technologisch geschultes Personal erfordert, um die FEM einzusetzen und die Ergebnisse auszuwerten, erfolgt vorzugsweise die Berechnung der Temperaturverteilung der Formänderungsverteilung über den Bauteilquerschnitt mittels des Stichplanberechnungsprogramms. Mit einer solchen Berechnung kann im Vorfeld einer Schmiedung auf sehr einfache und schnelle Art und Weise eine Aussage über die Qualität des Schmiedestücks in Abhängigkeit vom berechneten Stichplan getroffen werden, wodurch sich insbesondere auch die Möglichkeit ergibt, komplexere Geometrien als einfache Stabstähle umzuformen. Insbesondere eröffnet die Erfindung die Möglichkeit, Rohre sicher und zuverlässig zu schmieden.This optimizes the overall forging result by calculating the temperature distribution and the shape change distribution over the component cross section. The solution described is basically possible using a combination of stitch plan calculation software and the finite element method, whereby the stitch plan calculation software determines a stitch plan, which is then mapped using the finite element method. As a result of the finite element method, the temperature distribution and strain distribution across the cross section of the product to be formed can be detected. However, since the calculation of the temperature distribution and shape change distribution using the finite element method is lengthy, cost-intensive and requires technologically trained personnel to use the FEM and evaluate the results, the calculation of the temperature distribution of the shape change distribution over the component cross section is preferably carried out using the pass plan calculation program. With such a calculation, a statement about the quality of the forging can be made in a very simple and quick manner in advance of forging, depending on the calculated pass plan, which in particular also offers the possibility of forming more complex geometries than simple bar steels. In particular, the invention opens up the possibility of forging pipes safely and reliably.
Insbesondere bei von Stabstählen abweichenden Geometrien ist der Materialfluss beim Schmieden von besonderer Bedeutung für die örtliche Umformung und somit Temperaturverteilung und Formänderungsverteilung über den Bauteilquerschnitt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren berücksichtigt vorzugsweise diese Parameter bei der Stichplanberechnung und bietet besonders bevorzugt ein auf die jeweilig gewünschte Endgeometrie optimiertes Schmiedeergebnis, das besonders bevorzugt automatisch und reproduzierbar erreichbar ist.The material flow during forging is particularly important for local forming, particularly when geometries differ from bar steels Temperature distribution and deformation distribution over the component cross section. The method according to the invention preferably takes these parameters into account when calculating the pass schedule and particularly preferably offers a forging result that is optimized for the respective desired final geometry, which can particularly preferably be achieved automatically and reproducibly.
Die Stichplanberechnung erfolgt dabei erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise unter Berücksichtigung mehrerer Einflussparameter wie etwa der Werkzeuggeometrie, der maximal möglichen Presskraft, vorzugsweis auch des Vorschubs des Werkstücks, der Werkstückeigenschaften wie etwa der Fließkurve des Werkstoffs usw.. Bei der Stichplanberechnung werden vorzugsweise all diese Parameter derart berücksichtigt, dass alle Grenzen wie etwa die maximale Presskraft eingehalten werden.According to the invention, the pass plan calculation is preferably carried out taking into account several influencing parameters such as the tool geometry, the maximum possible pressing force, preferably also the feed of the workpiece, the workpiece properties such as the flow curve of the material, etc. When calculating the pass plan, all of these parameters are preferably taken into account in such a way that all limits such as the maximum pressing force are adhered to.
Besonders bevorzugt wird, wenn das Radialschmieden des Rohres mit einer Rohrluppe als Werkstück erfolgt, wobei in die Rohrluppe ein Dorn eingebracht ist, der als Widerlager für die Schmiedewerkzeuge beim Radialschmieden dient. Der Schmiedevorgang erfolgt somit ausgehend von der Rohrluppe unter schrittweiser Umformung der Rohrwand zwischen dem Dorn und den um den Umfang der Rohrluppe angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen. Besonders bevorzugt wird in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn sich die Wandstärke des Rohres während des Radialschmiedevorgangs vergrößert.It is particularly preferred if the radial forging of the pipe is carried out using a pipe blank as a workpiece, with a mandrel being inserted into the pipe blank, which serves as an abutment for the forging tools during radial forging. The forging process thus takes place starting from the tube blank with gradual deformation of the tube wall between the mandrel and the forging tools arranged around the circumference of the tube blank. In this context, it is particularly preferred if the wall thickness of the pipe increases during the radial forging process.
Schließlich wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung bei der Stichplanberechnung immer berücksichtigt, das durch Umformung, insbesondere Querschnittsreduktion, eingebrachte Umformwärme zur Erwärmung des Werkstücks führt, was bei unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen insbesondere dann berücksichtigt werden muss, wenn Schwellenwerte für Gefügeumformungen oder dergleichen überschritten werden mögen. Der Prozessablauf sollte daher bevorzugt auf verschiedene Werkstoffe angepasst werden.Finally, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, when calculating the pass schedule, it is always taken into account that the forming heat introduced by forming, in particular cross-sectional reduction, leads to heating of the workpiece, which must be taken into account for different materials, especially if threshold values for structural forming or the like may be exceeded. The process flow should therefore preferably be adapted to different materials.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens berücksichtigt das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm eine optimierte Formänderungsverteilung, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb eines vorab festgelegten Temperaturbereichs. Hierdurch wird ein Verfahren zur Verfügung gestellt, das insbesondere beim Radialschmieden komplexer Werkstückgeometrien zu Langprodukten, vor allem bei Rohren die örtlich unterschiedliche Formänderungsverteilung und damit verbundene Umformung, insbesondere Querschnittsreduktion berücksichtigt. Idealerweise wird ein Rohr erzielt, das über seine gesamte Länge und seinen gesamten Querschnitt durchgeschmiedet und gleichzeitig keinen Bereich aufweist, der aufgrund erhöhter Umformung vorab festgelegte und werkstoffabhängige Schwellenwerte für die Temperatur überschritten hat. Erhalten wird somit ein Rohr, dass eine über seine Länge und seinen Querschnitt optimierte Gefügestruktur und damit verbunden optimierte Werkstückeigenschaften aufweist.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the pass schedule calculation program takes into account an optimized shape change distribution, particularly preferably within a predetermined temperature range. This provides a method that takes into account the locally different distribution of shape change and the associated forming, in particular reduction in cross-section, particularly when radial forging of complex workpiece geometries into long products, especially in the case of pipes. Ideally, a pipe is achieved that is forged throughout its entire length and cross-section and at the same time does not have any area that has exceeded predetermined and material-dependent temperature thresholds due to increased forming. The result is a tube that has a structural structure that is optimized over its length and cross section and, as a result, has optimized workpiece properties.
In diesem Zusammenhang wird insbesondere bevorzugt, wenn das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm die optimierte Formänderungsverteilung und die Temperaturentwicklung sowie Temperaturverteilung berücksichtigt. Hierdurch wird ein Verfahren zur Verfügung gestellt, das sicherstellt, dass zu keinem Zeitpunkt des Radialschmiedevorgangs vorab festgelegte Schwellenwerte hinsichtlich der Anlagen- und Verfahrensparameter überschritten werden.In this context, it is particularly preferred if the pass plan calculation program takes the optimized shape change distribution and the temperature development and temperature distribution into account. This provides a method that ensures that predetermined threshold values with regard to the system and process parameters are not exceeded at any time during the radial forging process.
Bevorzugt wird in einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung, wenn die Startparameter, die in ein Stichplanberechnungsprogramm eingegeben werden, die Ausgangsgeometrie des Werkstücks, dessen Abmessungen, dessen Starttemperatur, insbesondere die Ofentemperatur, bei der das Werkstück vor Beginn des Radialschmiedevorgangs entnommen wurde, sowie den Werkstoff des Werkstücks, umfasst.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is preferred if the starting parameters that are entered into a pass schedule calculation program include the initial geometry of the workpiece, its dimensions, its starting temperature, in particular the furnace temperature at which the workpiece was removed before the start of the radial forging process, and the material of the Workpiece, includes.
Bevorzugt wird überdies, wenn die Zielparameter, die für den Radialschmiedevorgang festgelegt und in das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm eingegeben werden, die Zielgeometrie des Rohres, dessen finale Wandstärke und Abmessungen und eine möglichst homogene Formänderung sind. Die Formänderungsverteilung über den Querschnitt des Rohres und/oder die Temperaturverteilung über den Querschnitt des Rohres sind dann die Resultierenden eines solchen Schmiedeprozesses. Hierdurch wird ein Verfahren zur Verfügung gestellt, das hinsichtlich des Radialschmiedevorgangs alle für die optimale Verwendung des Stichplanberechnungsprogramms erforderlichen Parameter kennt und bei der Berechnung des Stichplans berücksichtigt.It is also preferred if the target parameters for the radial forging process are set and included in the pass plan calculation program must be entered, the target geometry of the pipe, its final wall thickness and dimensions and a shape change that is as homogeneous as possible. The shape change distribution over the cross section of the pipe and/or the temperature distribution over the cross section of the pipe are then the result of such a forging process. This provides a method that knows all the parameters required for the optimal use of the pass plan calculation program with regard to the radial forging process and takes them into account when calculating the pass plan.
In diesem Zusammenhang wird insbesondere bevorzugt, wenn anhand der Zielparameter der Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung eine optimierte Formänderungsverteilung, insbesondere über die einzelnen Schritte des Schmiedeprozesses hinweg, durch das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm berechnet wird, oder dass anhand des Zielparameters einer optimalen Formänderungsverteilung die Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung, insbesondere über die einzelnen Schritte des Schmiedeprozesses, berechnet werden. Die Erfindung nutzt somit entweder die Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung zur Optimierung der Formänderungsverteilung, oder aber die Formänderungsverteilung zur Optimierung der Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung insbesondere über die einzelnen Schritte des Schmiedeprozesses und optimiert somit das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm und schließlich das Schmiedeergebnis selbst.In this context, it is particularly preferred if an optimized shape change distribution, in particular across the individual steps of the forging process, is calculated by the pass schedule calculation program based on the target parameters of the temperature development and temperature distribution, or that the temperature development and temperature distribution, in particular over the individual steps of the forging process can be calculated. The invention therefore uses either the temperature development and temperature distribution to optimize the shape change distribution, or the shape change distribution to optimize the temperature development and temperature distribution, in particular over the individual steps of the forging process, and thus optimizes the pass plan calculation program and ultimately the forging result itself.
Besonders bevorzugt wird zudem, wenn anhand der Zielparameter Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung ein optimiertes Gefüge oder eine optimierte Gefügeverteilung durch das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm berechnet wird. Alternativ hierzu kann in einer ebenso bevorzugten Ausführungsform anhand des Gefüges als Zielparameter die Temperaturentwicklung und Temperaturverteilung berechnet werden. In jedem Fall wird ein Langprodukt durch Radialschmieden erzielt, das vorzugsweise in jedem Bauteilquerschnitt ein vorab festgelegtes Gefüge oder eine vorab festgelegte Gefügeverteilung aufweist.It is also particularly preferred if an optimized structure or an optimized structure distribution is calculated by the pass schedule calculation program based on the target parameters of temperature development and temperature distribution. Alternatively, in an equally preferred embodiment, the temperature development and temperature distribution can be calculated using the structure as the target parameter. In any case, a long product is obtained by radial forging, preferably in Each component cross section has a predetermined structure or a predetermined structure distribution.
In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch bevorzugt, wenn das Stichplanberechnungsprogramm die durch die Umformung, insbesondere Querschnittsreduktion, während des Radialschmiedens in das Werkstück eingebrachte Umformwärme berücksichtigt. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, dass durch die Umformung, insbesondere Querschnittsreduktion, wesentliche Energie in das Werkstück eingebracht wird und diese Energie sich nicht nur in der dadurch eingebrachten Formänderung zeigt, sondern auch in einer deutlich messbaren Erhöhung der Werkstücktemperatur. Diese Erhöhung der Werkstücktemperatur ist bei unterschiedlichen Umformungen, die auf das Werkstück einwirken, lokal oft deutlich unterschiedlich und weist somit auch einen lokal deutlichen Einfluss auf das bestehende oder sich bildende Gefüge auf. Die Berücksichtigung der in das Werkstück eingebrachten Umformwärme unterstützt somit das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei der Erreichung eines optimalen Radialschmiedeergebnisses.In this context, it is also preferred if the pass schedule calculation program takes into account the forming heat introduced into the workpiece by the forming, in particular cross-sectional reduction, during radial forging. It is known to those skilled in the art that the forming, in particular the reduction in cross-section, introduces significant energy into the workpiece and that this energy is reflected not only in the resulting change in shape, but also in a clearly measurable increase in the workpiece temperature. This increase in the workpiece temperature is often significantly different locally with different forming processes that act on the workpiece and therefore also has a locally significant influence on the existing or developing structure. Taking into account the forming heat introduced into the workpiece thus supports the method according to the invention in achieving an optimal radial forging result.
Besonders bevorzugt wird zudem, wenn das Verfahren online mit einer Pressensteuerungseinheit verbunden ist und während des Radialschmiedevorgangs anhand von Messwerten und/oder berechneten Werten optimierte Steuerungsbefehle ausgeben kann. Eine so gestaltete Regelung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nutzt entweder geeignete Messergebnisse, insbesondere gemessene Oberflächentemperaturen, oder aber dort, wo keine Messungen vorgenommen werden können oder nur erschwert möglich sind, berechnete Werte zum regelmäßigen und idealerweise ständigen online-Regeln des Radialschmiedevorgangs. Hierdurch wird das Ziel eines optimierten Verfahrens zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden von Rohren aus metallischen Werkstücken besonders vorteilhaft und mit leicht beherrschbaren Mitteln unterstützt.It is also particularly preferred if the method is connected online to a press control unit and can issue optimized control commands during the radial forging process based on measured values and/or calculated values. A regulation of the method according to the invention designed in this way uses either suitable measurement results, in particular measured surface temperatures, or, where measurements cannot be made or are only possible with difficulty, calculated values for regular and ideally constant online control of the radial forging process. This supports the goal of an optimized method for automatic pass schedule calculation in the radial forging of pipes from metallic workpieces particularly advantageously and with means that are easy to control.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine Steuerungs- und/oder Regelungseinheit einer Radialschmiedemaschine zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei die Steuerungs- oder Regelungseinheit ein Stichplanberechnungsprogramm zur Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung beinhaltet oder zumindest mit diesem zusammenarbeitet.According to a further aspect of the invention, a control and/or regulation unit of a radial forging machine is provided, wherein the control or regulation unit contains or at least cooperates with a pass schedule calculation program for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
Gemäß einem dritten Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine Radialschmiedemaschine zum Radialschmieden von Rohren aus metallischen Werkstücken, insbesondere aus Stahl, mit wenigstens 4 über den Umfang des Werkstücks angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen zur Verfügung gestellt, welche eingerichtet und angepasst sind, gleichzeitig die Schmiedeoperation zumindest über eine Teillänge des Werkstücks und/oder Rohres auszuführen, wobei die Radialschmiedemaschine gemäß dem dritten Aspekt der Erfindung mit einer Steuerungs- und/oder Regelungseinheit gemäß dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung verbunden ist oder zumindest mit dieser zusammenarbeitet. Hierdurch wird eine Radialschmiedemaschine zur Verfügung gestellt, die in der Lage ist, sämtliche mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gemäß dem ersten Aspekt verbundenen technischen Effekte sicher und reproduzierbar für den Anlagenbetreiber zur Verfügung zu stellen.According to a third aspect of the invention, a radial forging machine for radial forging of pipes made of metallic workpieces, in particular made of steel, is provided with at least 4 forging tools arranged over the circumference of the workpiece, which are set up and adapted to simultaneously carry out the forging operation over at least a partial length of the workpiece and / or pipe, wherein the radial forging machine according to the third aspect of the invention is connected to a control and / or regulation unit according to the second aspect of the invention or at least works together with it. This provides a radial forging machine that is capable of providing all technical effects associated with the method according to the invention according to the first aspect in a safe and reproducible manner for the system operator.
Wie eingangs bereits beschrieben, ist eine solche Radialschmiedemaschine insbesondere bevorzugt dazu angepasst und ausgelegt, das Radialschmieden von Rohren auszuführen. Dies erfolgt in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Mitwirkung eines in das Werkstück oder Rohr eingeführten und während des Radialschmiedens dort angeordneten Dorns.As already described at the beginning, such a radial forging machine is particularly preferably adapted and designed to carry out the radial forging of pipes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this is done with the assistance of a mandrel that is inserted into the workpiece or tube and arranged there during radial forging.
Claims (17)
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| DE102022208462.4A DE102022208462A1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Method for automatic pass schedule calculation in radial forging II |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3934236A1 (en) * | 1988-10-18 | 1990-04-19 | Hasenclever Maschf Sms | Measuring geometry of body in forging process - continuously sensing surface of rotating body and converting data with constant vol. program for use in process control |
| DE102005014221A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | GMT Gesellschaft für metallurgische Technologie- und Softwareentwicklung mbH | Even formation guaranteeing method e.g. for open die forging, involves having forging press which can be transformed between saddling blacksmith's tools and shifted between a steps by a manipulator to longitudinal axis |
| CN109622849B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 山东泰和能源股份有限公司 | Shaft blind hole radial rotary swaging and finish forging process and radial rotary swaging device |
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| RU2000160C1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-09-07 | Московский институт стали и сплавов | Blanks with elongated axis radial reduction method |
| DE102013219310A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-26 | Gfm Gmbh | Process for hot forging a seamless hollow body made of material that is difficult to form, in particular of steel |
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- 2022-08-15 DE DE102022208462.4A patent/DE102022208462A1/en active Pending
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| DE3934236A1 (en) * | 1988-10-18 | 1990-04-19 | Hasenclever Maschf Sms | Measuring geometry of body in forging process - continuously sensing surface of rotating body and converting data with constant vol. program for use in process control |
| DE102005014221A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | GMT Gesellschaft für metallurgische Technologie- und Softwareentwicklung mbH | Even formation guaranteeing method e.g. for open die forging, involves having forging press which can be transformed between saddling blacksmith's tools and shifted between a steps by a manipulator to longitudinal axis |
| CN109622849B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 山东泰和能源股份有限公司 | Shaft blind hole radial rotary swaging and finish forging process and radial rotary swaging device |
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