EP4323315A1 - Installation et procede pour le traitement de l'eau - Google Patents
Installation et procede pour le traitement de l'eauInfo
- Publication number
- EP4323315A1 EP4323315A1 EP22722702.2A EP22722702A EP4323315A1 EP 4323315 A1 EP4323315 A1 EP 4323315A1 EP 22722702 A EP22722702 A EP 22722702A EP 4323315 A1 EP4323315 A1 EP 4323315A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- filter
- gravity
- media
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 expanded clays Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013327 media filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009300 dissolved air flotation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZXZYMQCBRZBVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZXZYMQCBRZBVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012776 robust process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an installation for the treatment of water with a view to its potabilisation or desalination, and a method implemented using such an installation.
- the invention relates more specifically to a pretreatment of seawater or brine to produce drinking water or water for industrial use, upstream of a membrane treatment step (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, direct osmosis , capacitive deionization, etc.).
- the invention may also relate to a pretreatment of water with a low salt content, with a view to making it drinkable.
- a desalination process comprises a step of filtration on reverse osmosis membranes, preceded by a pretreatment step intended to control the quality of the water passing through the osmosis membranes, to preserve them from possible clogging and/or premature degradation.
- Water pretreatment is generally carried out by independent structures such as a two-layer filter, i.e. with at least two media of different grain sizes.
- the bilayer filter can be gravity or under pressure. Filtration rates for a first seawater pre-treatment stage are typically:
- a two-layer filter is generally implemented with frontal filtration, the water to be pretreated percolating vertically through the filter medium, the latter having a height of between 1 and 2 m with a grain size decreasing in the meaning of filtration, generally between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm.
- the choice of the particle size of the two media is critical in order to ensure proper reclassification of the bilayer filter following backwashing.
- An example of a two-layer filter is for example described in international application WO-A-2008093017.
- the pretreatment can also be carried out in a DAF installation followed by a filtration device, in particular gravity filtration.
- a filtration device in particular gravity filtration.
- Various prior art documents describe a water treatment process comprising a dissolved air flotation step (or “Dissolved Air Flotation” in English, abbreviated "DAF") followed by a gravity filtration step, optionally prior to a membrane filtration step.
- DAF dissolved air flotation step
- gravity filtration step optionally prior to a membrane filtration step.
- these facilities have a large footprint.
- DAFF DAF-Filters
- DAF-UF DAF-Ultrafiltration
- International application WO-A-2014044619 describes, for example, a DAFF-type installation comprising a coagulation zone and a flocculation zone to which a flotation reactor is connected, said flotation reactor communicating with a gravity filter arranged in such a way water from the flotation reactor flows into the gravity filter.
- Said gravity filter is distributed over a great height, this being between 1.5 m and 3 m, and preferably equal to 3 m.
- the filter medium can be single-layer, consisting of sand with a particle size between 0.5 and 0.8 mm, or multi-layer, said multi-layer medium always comprising at least one layer of sand with a particle size between 0.5 and 0.8 mm. .
- the speed of the filtration step through the gravity filter is between 10 and 30 m/h.
- e-DAF Another type of combined solution, denoted “e-DAF” is reported in international application WO-A-2018115500.
- the installation of WO-A-2018115500 allows the application of treatment speeds greater than 30 m/h, leading to treated water of intermediate quality between filtered water (on bilayer media or on membrane) and floated water (at the outlet of a simple DAF).
- the installation of WO-A-2018115500 includes a gravity filter which only requires a layer of media with a height of less than 1 m, with a particle size advantageously greater than or equal to 1.5 mm, generating little pressure drop.
- Such an “e-DAF” type installation can then operate at higher speeds than a DAF Filter (up to more than 40 m/h), at work heights equivalent to that of a conventional DAF.
- the water quality at the e-DAF outlet being of better quality than that at the DAF outlet, the speed applicable in the subsequent treatment steps can therefore be significantly increased.
- Application WO-A-2018115500 further describes the implementation of a subsequent refining step, ultrafiltration.
- a subsequent refining step ultrafiltration.
- Such a combination makes it possible to use a larger size of media in the gravity filtration step.
- Such a combination thus makes it possible to reach an interesting compromise between pressure drops and quality of the water leaving the "e-DAF" installation, and to reach increased speeds during the ultrafiltration stage, higher at 60 L.nr 2 .lr 1 (LMFI).
- the work intended for the implementation of ultrafiltration therefore has a smaller footprint than with a conventional system of the DAF-UF type.
- ultrafiltration membranes for water having a high organic load involves a high consumption of chemical products to carry out chemically enhanced cleaning (or backwashing) (denoted CEB or CEBW in English for "Chemically Enhanced Backwash”) in order to maintain the filtration performance at a given flow.
- chemically enhanced cleaning or backwashing
- CEB or CEBW in English for "Chemically Enhanced Backwash”
- the need to carry out backwashing with or without chemical products can thus induce a high loss of water and degrade the conversion rate of the pre-treatment, which induces an additional cost in terms of energy, the water not used for production nevertheless having to be routed to the system.
- the invention proposes to combine an installation of the "e-DAF" type with an installation suitable for filtration on high-speed media, the media preferably being single-layer.
- the invention relates to a water treatment installation comprising: means for supplying the water to be treated, a flotation reactor comprising at least a first inlet fluidly connected to said means supply, a gravity filter, said flotation reactor being at least partially superimposed on said gravity filter and communicating with it so that the water coming from said flotation reactor can flow by gravity into said gravity filter, to produce water float-filtered water, said gravity filter having a bed of single-layer filter medium distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m, said gravity filter further comprising an outlet for discharging the float-filtered water, and at least one filter on high-speed media, for filtering the float-filtered water coming from the gravity filter, comprising at least one inlet connected fluidically at the outlet of the gravity filter, and at least one outlet for discharging the pretreated water.
- the invention relates to a process for treating water with a view to making it drinkable and/or desalinating it, said process comprising at least one treatment cycle for said water comprising: a) a stage of flotation within a flotation reactor of the water to be treated, supplying floated water, b) a stage of gravity filtration within a gravity filter of the floated water coming from said stage of flotation a) to supply float-filtered water, said flotation reactor being at least partially superimposed on said gravity filter, and said gravity filter having a bed of single-layer filter medium distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m, c) a stage of filtration on high-speed media of the floated-filtered water resulting from the gravity filtration stage, to provide pretreated water.
- the water pretreated by the process can then be used as feed water for a desalination unit or a desalination unit, in particular by reverse osmosis.
- the pretreated water can also be brought to a means of drinking water.
- the pretreated water obtained in step c) is subjected to a subsequent step of desalination or potabilisation by reverse osmosis.
- the method of the invention can be implemented in an installation according to one of the embodiments described above or below.
- such an installation allows the implementation of a method for pretreating water to be desalinated and/or to be made drinkable, in which the speed of the pretreated water (, i.e. from the step c)) is greater than 15 m/h.
- the plant has a limited footprint, and requires significantly less expensive facilities.
- the quality of the pretreated water (i.e. from step c)) is sufficient to allow an immediately subsequent step of membrane filtration, and in particular treatment by reverse osmosis.
- the invention can be considered as flotation followed by filtration on two-layer media which would have been "decoupled", that is to say that the filtration on the first layer - generally the layer of particle size more high - is integrated into the flotation structure which includes the gravity filter, while the filtration on the second layer - typically of finer particle size - is itself implemented in a separate, high-speed filter.
- This conceptual “decoupling” has the following consequences: - to overcome the problems specific to two-layer media filters: the reclassification of the media following backwashing (and more particularly backwashing), thus offering a wider choice of media particle size combinations, and in fact a reduction costs through the use, for example, of a medium with a larger particle size, particularly in the installation of “eDAF”;
- a filter with media does not require chemical cleaning, which implies less water loss, and the limitation or even the elimination of the need for chemical products for cleaning;
- a filter with media requires a low operational cost, because the media is rarely replaced in its entirety.
- the invention therefore relates to a water treatment installation comprising:
- said flotation reactor R FI0 being at least partially superimposed on said gravity filter F g and communicating with it so that the water coming from said flotation reactor R F
- said gravity filter F g having a bed of single-layer filter medium distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m, said gravity filter F g further comprising an outlet OF 9 to evacuate the float-filtered water, and
- At least one filter on high-speed media for filtering the float-filtered water coming from the gravity filter F g , comprising at least one IHRMF inlet fluidly connected to the outlet 0 Fg of the gravity filter F g . and at least one OHRMF outlet to evacuate the pretreated water.
- the installation is more particularly a desalination or water purification installation.
- gravity filter is meant a porous medium comprising at least one layer of granular filter media, through which a solid-liquid mixture is caused to percolate, the solid particles being ideally retained in the intergranular spaces over the greater part layer height.
- a gravity filter essentially uses gravity to percolate water and any particles (the filter is generally open to the atmosphere), unlike a high-velocity filter.
- filtering media in the sense of the invention an “active" granular media in the filtration step, that is to say that it is responsible for the filtration, either by its properties of particle retention (particle size), organic retention (biofiltration), adsorption or absorption. Filtration can be effective on the surface or in depth depending on the type of media chosen. In general, the media has a relatively small particle size, in particular less than 5 mm, and preferably less than 2 mm.
- a “monolayer” filtering medium means a filtering medium whose composition is homogeneous both in terms of its particle size and its composition.
- the bed of filter media can be placed on a "support layer" which does not participate in the filtration: such a support layer is intended to level the bottom of the filter, in particular by covering the piping.
- the media used for the support layer are generally non-porous (therefore “inert” in terms of filtration), and typically have a particle size greater than that of the filter media, greater than 2 mm. It is most often gravel or garnet.
- the bed of single-layer filter medium of the gravity filter is distributed over a height equal to or greater than 0.2 m and less than or equal to 1 m, for example over a height of between 0.5 and 1 m.
- the filter media bed of the gravity filter consists of a layer of granular material having a particle size greater than or equal to 0.8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm.
- the filter medium consists of a layer of granular material having a particle size equal to or greater than 0.8 mm, preferably equal to or greater than 1.0 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, in particular equal to or greater than 1.2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, preferably equal to or greater than 1.2 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm, for example between 1.5 and 2.5 mm.
- a granular material is characterized by various parameters, in particular the grain size, which is defined by the pair: effective size (TE) and uniformity coefficient (CU), the shape of the grains: angular (crushed material), round ( river or sea sand), or more or less flat (characterized by a flattening coefficient), and friability, which makes it possible to choose materials likely to be used in filtration without the risk of producing fine particles (this i.e. dust with a particle size too small to be used) by washing operations, and porosity.
- TE effective size
- CU uniformity coefficient
- friability which makes it possible to choose materials likely to be used in filtration without the risk of producing fine particles (this i.e. dust with a particle size too small to be used) by washing operations, and porosity.
- the granular material is chosen from: anthracite, pumice stone, expanded clays (in particular that known under the trade name filtralite), activated carbon, zeolite, glass beads, polymer beads, or ceramic beads. These different materials can be coated or treated chemically or biologically to improve their properties.
- the granular material of the filter medium of the gravity filter is anthracite, pumice stone or expanded clay.
- the gravity filter has a single-layer anthracite bed, the anthracite being characterized by a particle size equal to or greater than 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, and preferably equal to or greater than 1.0 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm, for example between 1.5 and 2.5 mm.
- the anthracite can be replaced by pumice stone or expanded clay.
- the flotation reactor comprises a lower wall which comprises, at least in part, the filter medium. More particularly, the bottom wall of said flotation reactor includes the filter medium.
- the lower wall of the flotation reactor comprises a floor supporting said filter medium.
- the lower wall of said flotation reactor comprises a floor supporting said filter medium.
- the latter can consist of bushings integrated into reinforced polyester slabs, prefabricated concrete slabs or simply into a monolithic reinforced concrete slab.
- the floor can also consist of polymeric (plastic derived from a polyolefin for example) or metal slabs, supporting said filter medium.
- the installation further comprises at least one washing means, in particular a backwashing means, of said gravity filter.
- the installation can include any type of suitable washing means; according to a particular aspect, the washing means comprises a counter-current injection means of water and/or air.
- the gravity filter can gradually clog during use. To maintain an adequate level of filtration performance, and depending on the nature of the water treatment installation, washing cycles must be regularly implemented. The absence of washing can lead to the clogging of certain areas, leaving only a reduced passage for water, the pressure drop then increases more quickly, filtration becomes locally faster and less effective. These washes most often consist of the injection of water, and possibly air against the current through the gravity filter, and therefore consist of backwashing.
- the water, and possibly the air, are injected using injection means well known to those skilled in the art, and make it possible to release the material accumulated in the interstices of the filter medium, said material will then be eliminated.
- the pretreatment is followed by a step of filtration by reverse osmosis, it is also possible to use the concentrate/retentate resulting from the step of reverse osmosis to carry out the washing.
- the term "high-speed media filter” or HRMF filter (High Rate Monolayer Filter in English) denotes a porous medium comprising at least one layer of granular filter media, through which a solid-liquid mixture is filtered at high speed.
- a high-speed media filter can be gravity-fed or pressurized.
- An HRMF filter comprises at least one layer of filter medium on the surface of which a cake of solid particles forms; preferably, it is monolayer.
- An HRMF filter generally comprises several filtration modules in parallel.
- the bed of filter medium, preferably monolayer is distributed over a height equal to or greater than 0.2 m and less than or equal to 1 m, preferably between 0.4 m and 1 m.
- the bed of filter medium, preferably monolayer is distributed over a height equal to or less than 0.8 m or 0.7 m, or even 0.5 m.
- the bed of filtering medium, preferably monolayer is distributed over a height equal to or greater than 0.2 m and less than or equal to 0.8 m, preferably between 0.4 m and 0.7 m
- the filter on high-speed media is generally under pressure.
- the excess pressure applied relative to atmospheric pressure is generally between 0.4 and 20 bar, in particular between 0.4 and 5 bar.
- the filter media bed of the HRMF high-speed filter consists of a layer of fine granular material, having a particle size less than or equal to 1 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm, and more preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 mm.
- the choice of the most appropriate filter medium for the HRMF high-speed filter is made by a person skilled in the art according to the known characteristics of each of the materials.
- the granular material of the filter medium of the HRMF high-speed filter is chosen from: anthracite, pumice stone, expanded clay (in particular filtralite), activated carbon, zeolite, sand, glass beads, polymer beads, or ceramic beads. These different materials can be coated or treated chemically or biologically to improve their properties. Preferably it is sand.
- the filter media bed of the HRMF high-speed filter can be deposited on a "support layer" which does not participate in the filtration: such a support layer aims level the bottom of the filter, in particular by covering the piping.
- the media used for the support layer generally have a particle size greater than that of the filter medium, greater than 2 mm. It is most often gravel.
- a high-speed high-speed media filter is described for example in international application WO-A-2014012167.
- Such a filter comprises hydro-ejectors arranged so as to create a vortex above the filter medium, and generating a tangential filtration of the fluid. Any suspended media particles thus remain in the circulation flow, while the liquid can pass through the filter media under the effect of pressure.
- this technology is more energy-intensive than conventional frontal filtration.
- a filter with frontal filtration which consumes less energy and is therefore more economical, will be used.
- An example of a filter with frontal filtration is that marketed by SUEZ under the trade name Seaclean.
- the high-speed media filter may further comprise at least one washing means, in particular a backwashing means, of said high-speed media filter.
- the installation can include any type of suitable washing means; according to a particular aspect, the washing means comprises a counter-current injection means of water and/or air. If the pretreatment is followed by a reverse osmosis filtration step, the concentrate/retentate from the reverse osmosis step can also be used to carry out the washing.
- the installation further comprises a coagulation and/or flocculation zone Z, said coagulation and/or flocculation zone Z comprising at least one Iz inlet and one Oz outlet, the inlet lz being fluidically connected to the supply means A of the water to be treated E, and the flotation reactor R F I 0 comprising at least one inlet connected to the outlet Oz of said coagulation and/or flocculation zone.
- the output Oz of said coagulation and/or flocculation zone is connected to the first input IFI 0 of the flotation reactor.
- the first inlet IR 0 of the flotation reactor is connected only to the outlet Oz of said coagulation and/or flocculation zone: according to this variant, the water to be treated is therefore considered to be the water from the coagulation and/or flocculation zone.
- the coagulation/flocculation zone makes it possible to increase the size of the flocs and/or to capture more colloidal material in the form of flocs, which are subsequently extracted from the flotation zone.
- the installation may further comprise a coagulation and/or flocculation zone Zi, said coagulation and/or flocculation zone Zi comprising at least one Izi inlet and one Ozi outlet, the input lzi being fluidically connected to the output OF 9 of the gravity filter, and the output O zi being fluidically connected to the input IHRMF of the high-speed media filter HRMF.
- a second coagulation/flocculation zone provides an additional lever for lowering the clogging index known by the acronym SDI for Silt Density Index, for heavily polluted water.
- SDI Silt Density Index
- the installation further comprises a URO reverse osmosis desalination and/or potabilization unit for desalinating and/or potabilizing the pretreated water and producing desalinated water, said unit comprising at at least one IRO inlet fluidly connected with the OHRMF outlet of the HRMF high-speed media filter, and comprising at least one ORO outlet to evacuate the desalinated water (also called permeate).
- a URO reverse osmosis desalination and/or potabilization unit for desalinating and/or potabilizing the pretreated water and producing desalinated water, said unit comprising at at least one IRO inlet fluidly connected with the OHRMF outlet of the HRMF high-speed media filter, and comprising at least one ORO outlet to evacuate the desalinated water (also called permeate).
- the invention also relates to a process for treating water with a view to its desalination and/or making it drinkable, said process comprising at least one treatment cycle for said water comprising: a) a flotation step within a flotation reactor for the water to be treated, supplying floated water, b) a step of gravity filtration of the floated water coming from said flotation step a) within a gravity filter to supply water floated-filtered water, said flotation reactor being at least partly superimposed on said gravity filter, and said gravity filter having a bed of single-layer filter media distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m, c) a step of filtration on media high speed of the floated-filtered water from the gravity filtration step b), to provide pretreated water.
- the water to be treated E can be sea water, or industrial water loaded with salts. It can also be turbid water comprising buoyant suspended matter.
- the water to be treated according to the invention typically has one or more of the following characteristics:
- the turbidity is measured with a Hach brand turbidimeter, and is expressed in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit).
- Suspended Solids (SS) measurement follows Standard Method 2540D approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency, I ⁇ RA (Environmental Protection Agency).
- I ⁇ RA Endogeneous Protection Agency
- a known and homogeneous volume of the water to be analyzed is filtered through a pre-weighed fiberglass filter. The filter is then studied at a temperature of 104 ⁇ 1 e and then weighed. The increase in the mass measured, divided by the volume of filtered water, thus represents the value of TSS in mg/L.
- TOC Total Organic Carbon
- the algae content is measured by counting by optical, fluorescence or electron microscopy, by flow cytometry or else by molecular techniques.
- the clogging index noted SDI makes it possible to assess, from the clogging of a filter, the presence of particles when the turbidity criterion is no longer sensitive enough. The duration of filtration is therefore linked to the clogging potential of the filtered water.
- the SDI is measured according to the method described in standard ASTM D4189 - 07(2014) “Standard Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water”.
- the salinity of the water to be treated E is not a limiting parameter for the invention.
- the treatment method may also comprise a preliminary step aO) of coagulation and/or flocculation of the water to be treated before step a) of flotation.
- the water to be treated can then comprise all or part of the coagulated and/or flocculated water obtained in step aO).
- the water to be treated in step b) is the coagulated and/or flocculated water obtained in step aO).
- the treatment method may also comprise an intermediate step b2) of coagulation and/or flocculation of the filtered float water from step b).
- step c) of filtration on high-speed media to supply pretreated water is carried out on the water resulting from step b2).
- This process has the essential advantage of making it possible to achieve a water treatment speed greater than 15 m/h, and can in particular reach up to 60 m/h.
- the choice of speeds depends on the quality of the inlet water as well as the type and size of media used.
- the single-layer filter media bed of the gravity filter is distributed over a height of less than 1 m and consists of a layer of granular material having a particle size as defined above.
- said gravity filtration step is implemented at a speed greater than 30 m/h, for example at a speed of between 30 m/h and 60 m/h.
- the method further comprises at least one washing cycle of said gravity filter, including a backwashing step of said gravity filter.
- this step is implemented after step b) of gravity filtration.
- Regular washing breaks up the cake (which may in particular include a biofilm) that forms on the surface of the filter medium, acting as a "clogging crust", and to preserve its performance.
- step c) of filtration on high-speed media is carried out at a speed greater than 15 m/h, preferably between 15 m/h and 60 m/h, even more preferably between 20 and 40 mph.
- the person skilled in the art will choose the speed according to the quality of the inlet water, the type and size of media used as well as the targeted performance.
- It can be a tangential or frontal filtration under pressure, preferably the filtration is of the frontal type, the water to be pretreated percolating in a substantially vertical direction through the filter medium.
- the excess pressure applied relative to atmospheric pressure is generally between 0.4 and 20 bar, preferably between 0.4 and 5 bar.
- the method further comprises at least one washing cycle of said filter on high-speed media, including a step of backwashing said filter on high-speed media.
- backwashing is typically implemented by briefly counter-currently feeding the filter with wash water, such as filtered water for example.
- wash water such as filtered water for example.
- the concentrate/retentate from the reverse osmosis step can also be used to carry out the washing.
- this step is implemented after step c) of gravity filtration. Regular washing breaks up the cake (which may in particular include a biofilm) that forms on the surface of the filter medium, acting as a "clogging crust", and to preserve its performance.
- the water treated by the process can be used as feed water for a desalination unit or a desalination unit, in particular by membrane treatment.
- the membrane treatment can be reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, and/or capacitive deionization. Generally, this is reverse osmosis.
- the treated water can also be brought to a potabilization means.
- the pretreated water obtained in step c) is subjected to a subsequent desalination or potabilisation step by membrane treatment.
- the membrane treatment can be reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, and/or capacitive deionization. Generally, this is reverse osmosis.
- Desalinated water after membrane treatment, in particular by reverse osmosis, is called permeate and has very little mineral content (very low salinity) - it is in some cases considered to be devoid of minerals.
- the permeate is typically remineralized in a post-treatment step. Remineralization is systematic in case of drinking water.
- the process for treating water with a view to making it drinkable or desalinating it comprising at least one treatment cycle for said water and comprising:
- step c) a step of desalination and/or potabilization of the pretreated water resulting from step c) by membrane treatment as described above, and in particular by reverse osmosis.
- the method can be implemented in an installation according to one of the embodiments previously described.
- the filter on high-speed media is then under pressure.
- FIG. 1 represents a water treatment installation according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is illustrated an installation for the treatment of water, said installation comprising:
- a flotation reactor R FLO comprising an inlet I A0 connected to the outlet of a coagulation/flocculation zone Z, and
- a gravity filter F g said flotation reactor R FLO being at least partially superimposed on said gravity filter F g and communicating with it so that the water coming from said flotation reactor R FL can flow by gravity into said gravity filter F g , said gravity filter F g having a bed of single-layer filter medium distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m.
- a coagulating agent C can be added and then mixed with the water to be treated, using suitable means (not shown).
- a coagulating agent such as in particular iron chloride or aluminum sulphate causes the coagulation of colloidal particles and particles in suspension in the water to be treated, in particular algae, phytoplankton and part of the organic material.
- the colloids agglomerate with each other by mechanical or piston-type agitation to form “flocs” in the hydraulic Z coagulation/flocculation zone.
- a flocculation agent F (or coagulation adjuvant) can be added and then mixed with the water to be treated, using suitable means (not shown).
- the addition of a flocculation agent makes it possible to agglomerate the particles into larger clusters.
- the water, previously coagulated and additionally flocculated, is then routed to a zone for injecting water supersaturated with oxygen E02, atmospheric nitrogen gas or any other suitable gas.
- oxygen E02 oxygen
- gas bubbles form on rising to the surface of the flotation reactor R FL o, carrying with them any flocs present in the water.
- the mixture of air bubbles and floc can then be evacuated by overflow from the SFLO separation zone of the flotation reactor, in particular via a chute G (not shown) into which it can be pushed by means of an overflow device or scraper provided for this purpose.
- the installation of Figure 1 also comprises a gravity filter F g , the flotation reactor R FL o being at least partly superimposed on this gravity filter F g and communicating with it so that the water from said reactor flotation R FL o can flow by gravity in said gravity filter Fg.
- This Fg gravity filter houses a filter media monolayer, that is to say consisting of a single layer of a given filtering material, said media being distributed over a height less than or equal to 1 m.
- the floated-filtered water coming from the gravity filter Fg is then led via a supply means to a pressure media filter HRMF in order to then be filtered there.
- the water treatment method implemented by the installation of Figure 1 comprises one or more successive treatment cycles consisting in introducing the water to be treated E, by feed means A into the coagulation tank / flocculation Z. At least one coagulant reagent C and at least one flocculation reagent F are injected and mixed with the water to be treated. Under the effect of the coagulant reagent, the colloidal and suspended particles, present in the water to be treated, agglomerate and form flocs. The water is then filtered on the gravity filter F g , the water coming from said filtration is conveyed by a supply means and is then treated by high-speed filtration on a FIRMF filter.
- Comparative water treatment tests were carried out in an installation according to the invention, with different single-layer gravity filters, with a height varying from 0.5 to 1 m, consisting of a filter medium (pumice stone, anthracite and expanded clay) with a particle size between 1.2 and 3 mm; and in combination with various filters on high-speed media, with a bed of filter media with a height varying from 0.4 to 0.75 m, consisting of a filter media (sand) with a particle size between 0.28 and 0.55 mm.
- a filter medium prumice stone, anthracite and expanded clay
- the speed of passage through each of the gravity filters is also determined. It is about 40 m/h in the “e-DAF” reactor, and about 20 m/h in the high-speed media filter.
- the water to be treated before entering the device of FIG. 1 has the following characteristics:
- a rate of suspended matter less than or equal to 30 mg/L is a rate of suspended matter less than or equal to 30 mg/L
- the performance may be similar to a combination of the DAF + UF type, which makes it possible to obtain 15min SDI less than 100% of the time, and even a 15min SDI less than 3 90% of the time.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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Abstract
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FR2103759A FR3121673A1 (fr) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Installation et procede pour le traitement de l’eau |
PCT/EP2022/059660 WO2022218939A1 (fr) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-11 | Installation et procede pour le traitement de l'eau |
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US (1) | US20240199465A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4323315A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117580808A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022257254A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3121673A1 (fr) |
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GB9202153D0 (en) | 1992-01-31 | 1992-03-18 | Thames Water Utilities | Dissolved air flotation |
FR2910460B1 (fr) | 2006-12-26 | 2010-09-17 | Degremont | Dispositif et procede de filtration d'eau, en particulier d'eaux de surface |
CN202744404U (zh) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-02-20 | 浙江新世科技股份有限公司 | 一种玻璃深加工污水回用处理系统 |
KR20150036505A (ko) | 2012-07-16 | 2015-04-07 | 소니텍-보티샌드 테크놀로지즈 아이엔씨. | 원액체 흐름에서 미세 미립자들을 여과하기 위한 메디아베드필터 및 그 것을 이용해 미세 미립자들을 여과하기 위한 방법 |
FR2995603B1 (fr) | 2012-09-19 | 2014-09-26 | Veolia Water Solutions & Tech | Procede de traitement d’eau comprenant une flottation combinee a une filtration gravitaire et installation correspondante |
FR3061169B1 (fr) | 2016-12-22 | 2020-06-19 | Suez International | Installation et procede pour le traitement de l'eau |
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- 2022-04-11 CN CN202280031503.8A patent/CN117580808A/zh active Pending
- 2022-04-11 EP EP22722702.2A patent/EP4323315A1/fr active Pending
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US20240199465A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
FR3121673A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 |
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