EP4313769A1 - Raumfahrzeugmembran, photovoltaik-raumfahrtmodul, widerstandssegel, membranantenne, solarsegel und verwendung einer raumfahrzeugmembran - Google Patents
Raumfahrzeugmembran, photovoltaik-raumfahrtmodul, widerstandssegel, membranantenne, solarsegel und verwendung einer raumfahrzeugmembranInfo
- Publication number
- EP4313769A1 EP4313769A1 EP22718900.8A EP22718900A EP4313769A1 EP 4313769 A1 EP4313769 A1 EP 4313769A1 EP 22718900 A EP22718900 A EP 22718900A EP 4313769 A1 EP4313769 A1 EP 4313769A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- layer
- oxide layer
- spacecraft membrane
- spacecraft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
- B64G1/407—Solar sailing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/226—Special coatings for spacecraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/44—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems using radiation, e.g. deployable solar arrays
- B64G1/443—Photovoltaic cell arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-supporting flexible spacecraft membrane. Furthermore, the invention relates to different applications of a spacecraft membrane.
- adhesive tapes are offered which already have a coating of an acrylic adhesive and have a width in the range from 1 to 4 inches and may be rolled up into a roll.
- a first such adhesive tape has, in addition to the adhesive layer, an ITO layer, an FEP carrier film and a silver or Inconel (registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation) layer, the thickness of the layers being much smaller than the thickness of the carrier film
- This tape is intended for sticking to a structure to affect heat transfer.
- the tape can be applied to blankets to seal edges or repair ribs in the outer layers.
- the adhesive tape can also have perforations.
- Another adhesive tape has, in addition to the adhesive layer, only an FEP layer and a reflective layer made of silver or Inconel. Also this one Adhesive tape is glued to a structure to affect heat transfer and can be perforated.
- the adhesive tape can have a protective layer that can be removed after application in order to protect the adhesive tape from damage during use and application. The reflection behavior can be made diffuse by embossing the reflective layer. Alternatively, an aluminum layer can also be used instead of the silver or Inconel layer.
- the website also proposes adhesive tapes in which an ITO layer is arranged on one side of a FEP layer, while a layer of silver or Inconel is arranged on the other side of the FEP layer, which in turn is coated with the adhesive layer.
- the website also discloses large-area pieces of film, which can have a length of 3 m and a width of 1.22 m, for example. In such a piece of foil, one side of an FEP layer is coated with an ITO layer, while the other side of the FEP layer is coated with a silver layer or a layer of Inconel. Such pieces of film can also be perforated.
- an FEP layer on the side facing away from the radiation source can be used be coated with a layer of silver or a layer of Inconel. This results in a low solar absorption capacity and a high emissivity.
- This piece of film can also be perforated and equipped with a protective layer.
- the reflection layer that is bonded to the FEP layer can be an aluminum layer.
- the sail foil has an external titanium dioxide layer on the front, which is followed by a silicon dioxide layer and an aluminum layer.
- the three layers mentioned are vapour-deposited onto a carrier film.
- the three layers mentioned are preferably vapor-deposited onto both sides of the carrier film.
- the carrier foil consists of polyimide or another polymer material. It is also possible that the aluminum layer itself forms the carrier foil.
- the selected layer structure is intended to increase the reflectivity of the sail foil, which increases the propulsion effect through the radiation pressure of the sun.
- the titanium dioxide layer should make the outer surface of the sail foil particularly resistant to a degradation of the thermo-optical properties and increase the space suitability.
- the titanium oxide layer also acts as an antistatic coating.
- non-generic publications WO 2012/135309 A2, WO 2019/133354 A1, US 2016/0152353 A1 and US Pat. No. 5,312,685 A relate to non-self-supporting and (in the state applied to a substrate) non-flexible protective films.
- the object of the invention is to propose a spacecraft membrane which, in particular in terms of processing and/or resistance (e.g. to the space environment and the atomic oxygen present therein) and/or the thermo-optical properties and/or the protection of the substrate against UV radiation and/or the long-term resistance (e.g.
- the invention relates to a spacecraft membrane intended for and sent on a mission with a satellite or other spacecraft.
- the spacecraft membrane is self-supporting and flexible. Self-supporting here means that the spacecraft membrane is not glued to a rigid structure of the spacecraft in accordance with the adhesive tape mentioned at the beginning, but is stretched, unpacked, unfolded, unrolled in an operating state and is only connected to neighboring components in partial areas, edges or corners and to this is held.
- the spacecraft membrane is flexible, so that it can assume different geometries, namely a packed state and an unpacked state.
- the spacecraft membrane according to the invention can be part of a solar sail, carry at least one solar cell, be designed as a resistance sail or be designed as a membrane antenna.
- Conventional spacecraft diaphragms have a substrate made of a plastic such as polyimide.
- one finding underlying the invention is that conventional substrates of spacecraft membranes are severely attacked by atomic oxygen, such as is present in low earth orbits, which shortens the life of the spacecraft membrane or requires additional measures to protect the substrate.
- a substrate made of a "fluorinated plastic” is used for the first time for the self-supporting flexible spacecraft membrane.
- Investigations on which the invention is based have shown that the substrate made of the fluorinated plastic has a higher Has resistance to exposure to atomic oxygen.
- the use of a fluorinated plastic substrate is advantageous for this reason, the use of such a substrate for the present spacecraft membrane would not have been considered.
- the reason for this is that, when trying to use a substrate made of a fluorinated plastic, the person skilled in the art would have found that the substrate had to be bonded to adjacent layers or components (such as is required, for example, to ensure additional functions, for edge reinforcement).
- the spacecraft membrane has at least one silicon oxide layer, which is preferably bonded directly to the substrate made of a fluorinated plastic on one or both sides.
- the silicon oxide layer can have any thickness, for example a thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the silicon oxide layer can serve to increase the resistance of the substrate to atomic oxygen. It is alternatively or cumulatively possible for the silicon oxide layer to ensure protection of the substrate and the spacecraft membrane with regard to short-wave UV radiation. It is also alternatively or cumulatively possible for the silicon oxide layer to provide a type of adhesion promoter for further layers, components or an adhesive or a type of adhesive interface.
- the silicon oxide layer can be firmly bonded to the substrate made of the fluorinated plastic.
- the outside of the silicon oxide layer facing away from the substrate can then be used to attach or bond further layers or components.
- the fluorinated plastic constituting the substrate there are the following
- the fluorinated plastic can be a fluoropolymer polymer based on fluorocarbons with multiple carbon-fluorine bonds. A large part of the hydrogen can be replaced with fluorine, which leads to high chemical and thermal stability.
- the fluorinated plastic can be a thermoplastic or non-thermoplastic.
- the fluorinated plastic is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), which ensures very high chemical and thermal stability.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- a fully fluorinated plastic can also be used, for example.
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymer
- g) It is possible to use a mixture of different fluoromonomers.
- a mix of fluoropolymers in particular THV (terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride) can be used.
- Other plastics that are not completely fluorinated can also be used, such as in particular ETFE (ethyl tetrafluoroethyl copolymer), ECTFE (ethylene chlorine trifluorine ethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).
- Adjustment of the properties take place.
- the fluorinated plastic is transparent so that it is completely transparent or at least translucent.
- the spacecraft membrane formed with the substrate can then be transparent or non-transparent, so that the additional layers are then transparent or non-transparent.
- the invention includes embodiments in which the spacecraft diaphragm consists solely of the fluorinated plastic substrate and a silicon oxide layer on at least one side of the substrate. However, it is also possible for at least one further layer to be arranged between the substrate and the silicon oxide layer and/or for at least one further layer to be arranged on the side of the silicon oxide layer facing away from the substrate.
- the substrate is coated on at least one side with an ITO layer and/or a titanium oxide layer.
- ITO refers to an indium tin oxide, i.e. a semi-conductive material that is largely transparent in visible light.
- a layer can have any thickness, for example in the range from 10 nm to 100 nm.
- Such a layer can serve as an antistatic coating.
- a silicon oxide layer can be arranged directly between the substrate on the one hand and the ITO layer or the titanium oxide layer on the other.
- the substrate can be coated on at least one side with an aluminum and/or silver layer.
- the aluminum or silver layer can form an outer side of the space travel membrane.
- the aluminum or silver layer it is also possible for the aluminum or silver layer to be covered by at least one then transparent layer, so that the radiation initially passes through this covering at least one transparent layer before it is reflected by the aluminum or silver layer.
- the aforementioned silicon oxide layer, the ITO layer and/or the titanium oxide layer can be used to form an adhesive interface, as explained. In this case, it may be possible to use a conventional acrylic or silicone adhesive that adheres to the adhesive interface provided.
- the spacecraft membrane can be designed as any planar, for example rectangular, triangular or other shaped track.
- the spacecraft membrane can be converted into a packed state.
- the spacecraft membrane is preferably rolled and/or folded in the packed state.
- suitable device for unpacking the spacecraft membrane Packing shall involve rolling and/or folding all layers of the spacecraft membrane, such rolling or folding not compromising the mechanical integrity of the spacecraft membrane. If rigid elements are held on the spacecraft membrane, such as rigid photovoltaic cells, for example, these can be arranged between folds of the spacecraft membrane in the area of non-folded partial areas of the same.
- the spacecraft membrane has at least one glued-on crack propagation impeding element.
- the crack propagation impeding element is designed as a glued-on surface element or glued-on strip or has any other surface extension.
- the crack propagation impeding element can be glued to the adhesive interface provided by one of the layers mentioned, for example to the ITO layer or the silicon oxide layer.
- the crack propagation impeding element is preferably arranged in a region of the spacecraft membrane in which the spacecraft membrane is subjected to maximum stress. Strip-shaped crack propagation restraining elements may also run at regular or irregular intervals or in a grid pattern along an outer surface of the spacecraft membrane.
- the crack propagation impeding elements can be made from any film material (single-layer, multi-layer), for example any plastic or one of the materials mentioned in the present application.
- the spacecraft membrane according to the invention can be used for different applications: a) It is possible that the spacecraft membrane, as explained above, is used for a photovoltaic spacecraft module. In this case, (at least) one photovoltaic element, for example a rigid or flexible photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic membrane, is glued to the spacecraft membrane. Basically, in this In the case of a spacecraft membrane of any configuration, as have been described above, be used.
- a spacecraft membrane is preferably used in which a cross-section or one side of the spacecraft membrane has a silicon oxide layer to which the photovoltaic element and other electrical components such as conductor tracks (harness) and diodes are bonded.
- the cross-section of the spacecraft membrane has a substrate made of FEP. This is followed by a silicon oxide layer. On the side facing away from the photovoltaic there is a coating system made of silicon oxide on the one hand and ITO or titanium oxide layer on the other hand.
- the layers mentioned can be all layers or further layers can be arranged between the layers mentioned or cover them from the outside.
- the cross-section of the spacecraft membrane preferably consists exclusively of the layers mentioned, these then adjoining one another directly in the order in which they have been mentioned above.
- Such a spacecraft membrane can consist of a single sheet of foil.
- the spacecraft membrane it is also possible for the spacecraft membrane to have a plurality of film webs, each of which is designed as a spacecraft membrane in accordance with the above statements. In this case, the individual spacecraft membranes or foil webs are glued together at their edges. b) It is also possible that the spacecraft membrane is used as a drag sail.
- the spacecraft membrane has a silicon oxide layer, a substrate made of a fluoropolymer or FEP, a silicon oxide layer and an ITO layer or a titanium oxide layer on one of the outer sides of a silicon oxide layer, or an ITO layer or a titanium oxide layer on both outer sides of the silicon oxide layers (i.e. layer structure ITO/Si02/FEP/SiO2/ITO or
- the layers mentioned can be all layers or further layers can be arranged between the layers mentioned or cover them from the outside.
- the cross-section of the spacecraft membrane preferably consists exclusively of the layers mentioned, these then adjoining one another directly in the order in which they have been mentioned above.
- Such a resistance sail can consist of a single sheet of film.
- the ITO layer and/or the titanium oxide layer has an effect here
- the resistance sail has a foil web which has a bonded reinforcement in the area of an edge.
- the bonded reinforcement can be used, for example, to increase the mechanical strength of the resistance sail.
- the resistance sail can be fastened to an adjacent component in the area of the edge and the reinforcement, so that the reinforcement can serve to introduce force effectively and to apply the holding and/or guides of the resistance sail.
- the at least one ITO layer or the titanium oxide layer forms an adhesive interface for the reinforcement.
- the film web can then be folded over, for example to form the reinforcement, so that the reinforcement is then formed by the doubling of the thickness.
- the adhesive interface then serves to bond the different folded layers of the film web to one another.
- the adhesive interface it is also possible for the adhesive interface to be used to attach an additional reinforcement made of a different material, a different film web, a stiffener or the like.
- Another application for the spacecraft membrane according to the invention is a reflective membrane antenna, a reflector antenna or a reflective solar sail.
- the cross section of the spacecraft membrane may have a silicon oxide layer, a substrate of FEP, a silicon oxide layer and an aluminum layer on an outside of a silicon oxide layer, or an aluminum layer on the outside of the silicon oxide layers, respectively.
- the layers mentioned can be all layers or further layers can be arranged between the layers mentioned or these from cover outside.
- the cross-section of the spacecraft membrane preferably consists exclusively of the layers mentioned, these then adjoining one another directly in the order in which they have been mentioned above.
- a cross-section of the spacecraft membrane may have an aluminum layer, an FEP substrate, an aluminum layer, and a silicon oxide layer or titanium oxide layer on an outside of an aluminum layer, or a silicon oxide layer or titanium oxide layer on the outside of the aluminum layers, respectively .
- the layers mentioned can be all layers or further layers can be arranged between the layers mentioned or cover them from the outside.
- the cross-section of the spacecraft membrane preferably consists exclusively of the layers mentioned, these then adjoining one another directly in the order in which they have been mentioned above. d)
- a further solution to the problem on which the invention is based is the use of a spacecraft membrane, as has been described above, as a support membrane for photovoltaic elements, as a resistance sail, as a membrane antenna or as a solar sail.
- Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic structure or cross section of a spacecraft membrane, which is preferably a photovoltaic space module.
- FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic structure or cross-section of a spacecraft membrane, which is preferably a resistance sail.
- 3 shows a highly schematic structure or cross-section of a spacecraft membrane for a first embodiment of a reflector for a membrane antenna or a solar sail.
- Fig. 4 shows a highly schematic structure or cross section of a spacecraft membrane antenna for a second embodiment of a reflector for a membrane or a solar sail.
- Fig. 1 shows a highly schematized layered structure of a photovoltaic space module 1 with a spacecraft membrane 2.
- the photovoltaic space module 1 has a photovoltaic element 3, which can be a photovoltaic cell and can be rigid or is designed as a flexible photovoltaic membrane and possibly other components that are important for the function, such as electrical contacting (harness) and/or diodes.
- a plurality of such photovoltaic elements 3 are preferably distributed over the spacecraft membrane 2 in a regular or irregular manner.
- the photovoltaic element 3 is bonded to the spacecraft membrane 2 via an adhesive layer 4, preferably made of an acrylic or silicone adhesive.
- the spacecraft membrane 2 has a substrate 5, which can also be designed as a carrier layer.
- the substrate 5 consists of fluorinated plastic, with all the fluorinated plastics listed above being able to be used.
- a silicon oxide layer 6, 7 is connected to it.
- An ITO layer 9 is bonded to the outside of the silicon oxide layer 7 on the side of the substrate 5 facing away from the photovoltaic element 3 .
- the photovoltaic space module 1 is composed of several foil webs 10a, 10b, 10c, . . .
- the ITO layer 9 can serve as an adhesive interface 11 in order to enable the overlapping edges to be adhesively bonded.
- the silicon oxide layer 6, 7 can ensure UV protection, while the ITO layer 9 has an antistatic coating can provide. It is possible that a titanium oxide layer is used instead of the ITO layer 9 .
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the layered structure of a resistance sail 12.
- a silicon oxide layer 6, 7 is bonded on both sides to the substrate 5, in particular made of FEP or fluoropolymer.
- an ITO layer 9, 13 in each case.
- Film webs 10a, 10b, 10c, ... are connected to each other.
- the outsides of the ITO layers 9, 13 can form an adhesive interface 11 in the area of the overlaps.
- the foil webs 10 can be reinforced in the area of their edges or an edge. This reinforcement can consist of a folding over of the edge, in which case the folded film areas are then glued together.
- the folded, mutually facing outer sides of the ITO layer 9 or the ITO layer 13 can each form an adhesive interface, which enables the adhesive bond.
- the edge it is also possible for the edge to be glued to a separate reinforcement. It is possible that a titanium oxide layer is used instead of the ITO layer 9.13.
- FIG 3 shows the use of the spacecraft membrane 2 for a membrane antenna 14 or a reflector of the same or a solar sail 15.
- a silicon oxide layer 6,7 For the embodiment shown in FIG a silicon oxide layer 6,7.
- the silicon oxide layers 6, 7 are coated with an aluminum layer 16, 17 on their outside.
- the aluminum layers 16, 17 ensure the required reflection.
- UV resistance can be ensured by means of the silicon oxide layers 6, 7, with which long-term stability can be ensured.
- the aluminum layers 16, 17 directly adjoin the substrate 5, in particular made of FEP or fluoropolymer.
- the aluminum layers 16, 17 are each coated on the outside by silicon oxide layers 6, 7.
- the aluminum layers 16, 17 can be coated with a titanium oxide layer 18, 19 on their outsides.
- the outer oxide layer 6, 7 or 18, 19 can improve the radiation behavior in the infrared range.
- good reflection behavior can be ensured by means of the aluminum layer 16, 17 lying on the inside.
- the substrate made of the fluorinated plastic was constructed in one layer.
- the substrate 5 it is also entirely possible for the substrate 5 to consist of a plurality of laminated layers, which consist of the same or different materials or fluorinated plastics. The individual layers then preferably serve to provide different desired properties.
- the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings can only have the layers shown and named. It is entirely possible for the spacecraft membrane to have additional elements such as stiffening elements, electrical lines, eyelets, deployment safety elements, packaging elements, electrical components, reinforcements, intermediate layers or at least one additional outer layer.
- a transparent, non-reflective spacecraft membrane using the fluorinated plastic can reduce light pollution in the night sky.
- the reflections of reflective spacecraft membranes, in particular with an aluminum coating, are clearly visible in the night sky and are a problem, especially in relation to the launch of large constellations with hundreds of satellites, e.g. for astronomy.
- the thicknesses of the layers referred to herein can be the same or different. Layers with a layer thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm, preferably 20 nm to 80 nm or 30 nm to 70 nm, are preferably used.
- the spacecraft membrane 2 is preferably glued to components such as the photovoltaic element, edge reinforcements, adjacent foil webs or other components by means of an adhesive layer 4 made of an acrylic adhesive or silicone adhesive.
- the substrate 5 can have an inner polyimide film that is intended to ensure the mechanical strength of the substrate 5 .
- a layer of a fluorinated plastic can then be applied to at least one outside of the polyimide film. This can be vapor-deposited, for example.
- thermoplastic fluorinated plastic is used, which is then pressed onto the inner polyimide film at high temperature and forms the required connection.
- the invention also includes embodiments with a layer system in which a reflector layer (aluminum or silver) is combined with Si02 and ITO and this reflector layer is arranged on the substrate 5 made of a fluoropolymer, if necessary with further layers on this or the other side of the substrate 5.
- a reflector layer aluminum or silver
- ITO in which a reflector layer is combined with Si02 and ITO and this reflector layer is arranged on the substrate 5 made of a fluoropolymer, if necessary with further layers on this or the other side of the substrate 5.
- Such a spacecraft membrane can then be used, for example, for reflector antennas and solar sails.
- a layer structure of aluminum/fluoropolymer/SiO 2 /ITO is also possible, it also being possible for aluminum to be replaced by silver, with this layer structure preferably being used for a rear-surface mirror.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021108420.2A DE102021108420B4 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2021-04-01 | Photovoltaik-Raumfahrtmodul |
| PCT/EP2022/058133 WO2022207558A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-03-28 | Raumfahrzeugmembran, photovoltaik-raumfahrtmodul, widerstandssegel, membranantenne, solarsegel und verwendung einer raumfahrzeugmembran |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4313769A1 true EP4313769A1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
Family
ID=81387042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22718900.8A Withdrawn EP4313769A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-03-28 | Raumfahrzeugmembran, photovoltaik-raumfahrtmodul, widerstandssegel, membranantenne, solarsegel und verwendung einer raumfahrzeugmembran |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4313769A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021108420B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022207558A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021126772B4 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2025-06-12 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Solarzelleneinrichtung |
| DE102022102420A1 (de) | 2022-02-02 | 2023-08-03 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Raumfahrzeugmembran-Kopplungseinrichtung und Raumfahrzeugmembraneinheit |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5312685A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1994-05-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Atomic oxygen protective coating with resistance to undercutting at defect sites |
| DE102007041410B4 (de) | 2007-04-03 | 2008-12-11 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Segelfolie für einen Solarsegler |
| US8506741B2 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-08-13 | Nexolve Corporation | Protective film |
| WO2015029975A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 可撓性熱制御材料及びその製造方法 |
| WO2017015605A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | California Institute Of Technology | Mirrors transparent to specific regions of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| DE102016101430B4 (de) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-11-23 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Raumfahrzeug-Membranentfaltungssystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben |
| JP7050694B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-05 | 2022-04-08 | ルギャルド,インク. | 軌道制御のための太陽帆 |
| WO2018013905A2 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Helios Applied Science | Photoinitiation-based deployable structures |
| DE102017101178B4 (de) | 2017-01-23 | 2021-10-28 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Packen einer Raumfahrzeugmembran, Raumfahrzeugmembranpackung und Raumfahrzeugmembran-Handhabungseinheit |
| WO2019133354A1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Multifunctional surfacing films |
| US10815013B1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-10-27 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa | Coatings for multilayer insulation materials |
| CN110216924B (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-08-06 | 宁波瑞凌新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合辐射制冷膜 |
-
2021
- 2021-04-01 DE DE102021108420.2A patent/DE102021108420B4/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-28 EP EP22718900.8A patent/EP4313769A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-03-28 WO PCT/EP2022/058133 patent/WO2022207558A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021108420B4 (de) | 2025-08-28 |
| WO2022207558A1 (de) | 2022-10-06 |
| DE102021108420A1 (de) | 2022-10-06 |
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