EP4313639A1 - Fahrzeug zur personenbeförderung mit elektrischer, gekühlter antriebsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Fahrzeug zur personenbeförderung mit elektrischer, gekühlter antriebsvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4313639A1 EP4313639A1 EP22720401.3A EP22720401A EP4313639A1 EP 4313639 A1 EP4313639 A1 EP 4313639A1 EP 22720401 A EP22720401 A EP 22720401A EP 4313639 A1 EP4313639 A1 EP 4313639A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- vehicle
- drive device
- air conditioner
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a passenger transport vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the air conditioner has an external heat exchanger, by means of which heat is removed from the surroundings of the vehicle when the air conditioner is in heat pump operation, in that ambient air is guided past the external heat exchanger by a fan assigned to the external heat exchanger, and
- the electric drive device is cooled by means of a cooling circuit whose cooling medium is temperature-controlled by means of the cooler.
- Such vehicles are suitable for ensuring that the vehicle is propelled without an overhead line or contact wire having to be available.
- diesel-powered vehicles were used for such areas of application.
- these vehicles will be equipped with a battery or hydrogen drive provided on the vehicle itself.
- such drives are characterized in ferry operation of the vehicle by a significant development of heat, so that they have to be cooled with the aid of a cooler ("chiller"). It is also necessary when the vehicles are parked in winter to switch off the relevant electrical drive devices Since the available range in vehicles powered in this way is a key factor importance, it is all the more important to use efficient systems that have the lowest possible power consumption.
- a compressor in the cooler in particular draws a lot of energy from the battery in order to be able to provide sufficient cooling/heating capacity (heat pump operation). This in turn shortens an available range of the vehicle.
- a heat pump is operated at the same time in the air conditioning unit for the passenger compartment to increase efficiency, the energy requirement during defrosting processes can increase and thus the range of the vehicle can be reduced.
- the defrosting process for the external heat exchanger is then triggered when low evaporation temperatures of below 0°C occur due to heat pump operation and the external heat exchanger freezes as it cools down further.
- the defrosting process is carried out by reversing the process in the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioning unit and the "heat pump process" is reversed into a "refrigeration process”.
- the outer heat exchanger is heated (ambient air is heated) and the inner heat exchanger is cooled (supply air is cooled).
- the order of flow through the evaporator and condenser is reversed on the refrigerant side.
- the supply air which is actually supposed to be heated in winter, is now cooled down and "counterheated” again by means of an electrical heating coil in the air conditioning unit. This results in considerable energy consumption for the compressor and the heating coil of the air conditioning unit for the duration of the defrosting process , which significantly reduces the energy use of the heat pump on average.
- the invention is based on the object of further developing a vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the energy requirement is reduced and the range of the vehicle is increased.
- this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
- the vehicle described above is characterized in that, based on the ambient air flow generated by the fan, the external heat exchanger of the air conditioning unit is preceded by a waste heat heat exchanger, which is acted upon by the cooling medium flowing back from the electric drive device to the radiator.
- cooling medium flowing back from the electric drive device for example a battery or fuel cell, to the radiator is used to preheat the ambient air flow, so that icing of the external waste heat exchanger of the air conditioning unit is either effectively prevented or a emerging icing solution of this heat exchanger is reduced in its severity.
- the cooling medium flowing back has an increased temperature when the cooler is in cooling mode.
- the cooling medium tempered in this way is used with the help of the upstream waste heat heat exchanger through which this cooling medium flows, in order to preheat the ambient air flow immediately before the outer heat exchanger of the air conditioning unit.
- the cooling of the battery can preferably take place without a compressor of the cooling circuit for the electrical drive device but with outside air, which is applied to the waste heat exchanger.
- the waste heat from battery cooling can be used to increase efficiency by preheating the condenser air, both for the efficiency of the heat pump and for the defrosting process in heat pump operation.
- the defrosting process is shifted to lower outside temperatures compared to the conventional procedure.
- the icing of the external heat exchanger is effectively reduced in the heat pump process. Rather, it is possible that during de-icing of the external heat exchanger using the waste heat from the electric drive device, the compressor of the cooler may not have to be used as much or at all and therefore requires less electrical power when the vehicle is in operation.
- An input side of the upstream waste heat heat exchanger is preferably fluidically connected to an input side of an evaporator of the cooler and an output side of the upstream waste heat heat exchanger to an output side of the evaporator of the cooler. This ensures that heated cooling medium flowing back from the electric drive unit reaches the upstream waste heat heat exchanger and there causes the ambient air flow to be preheated, after which it is returned to the cooler.
- the electrical drive device can preferably be formed by a battery (arrangement) or a fuel cell (arrangement).
- the vehicle can preferably be a track-guided vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, such as a locomotive, a multiple unit, etc.
- the external heat exchanger of the air conditioner can be equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting possible icing of the external heat exchanger, particularly in heat pump operation.
- a control device of the air conditioning unit it is possible for a control device of the air conditioning unit to deactivate a circuit of the air conditioning unit, in particular its compressor, when it detects icing of the external waste heat heat exchanger.
- the upstream waste heat heat exchanger can then be used to de-ice the external waste heat heat exchanger of the air conditioner when the circuit of the air conditioner is shut down. After defrosting the external heat exchangerour, it is possible to resume operation of the air conditioner.
- the cooling circuit for the electric drive device can preferably be separated from the air conditioning unit by means of valves. This is advantageous for cooling operation of the air conditioner in summer, since the external heat exchanger is not additionally subjected to waste heat from the cooling circuit for the electric drive device.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figure, with the temperature data contained only being meant as an example and can depend on the type of electric drive device used.
- the only figure shows a schematic block diagram representation of an air conditioner in combination with a cooler in a battery-operated rail vehicle.
- the figure is divided into an upper part, the one for egg NEN winter operation z.
- B a vehicle in heat pump mode located air conditioner 1 for a passenger compartment of a rail vehicle and a lower part, which is located in cooling mode ("chiller") 2 for a drive battery of the rail vehicle shows.
- a fuel cell drive can also be provided, for which the following descriptions also apply.
- the air conditioner 1 includes an air treatment part 3, which is used to condition the supply air 4 (e.g. 35 to 45° C. when leaving the air treatment part 3) for a passenger compartment of the rail vehicle.
- the air treatment part 3 has a ventilator 5 for sucking in fresh air/recirculated air, an air filter 6 and a condenser 7 through which a cooling medium of the air conditioner 1 flows and interacts thermally with the fresh air/recirculated air sucked in.
- the air conditioner 1 outside of the air treatment part 3 has a compressor 8 , an external heat exchanger (evaporator) 9 and an expansion valve 10 .
- the air conditioner 1 can be used both in a heating and in a cooling mode. If the air conditioner 1 is used for heating purposes, it works, as shown in the figure, as a heat pump, with thermal energy being extracted from the external heat exchanger 9 of the surrounding air, which is guided past the external heat exchanger 9 by means of a fan 11 to heat the cooling medium of the air conditioner 1.
- the temperatures of the ambient air entering the fan 11 are -20 to 10 °C and the external heat exchanger 9 -5 to -10 °C.
- the cooling medium has a temperature of -15 to 0°C.
- the heated coolant reaches the condenser 7 of the air conditioning unit 1 via the compressor 8. When it enters the condenser 7, the temperature of the coolant is 65 to 55 °C.
- the external heat exchanger 9 may ice up, depending on the ambient air temperature.
- the outer heat exchanger 9 is preceded by a waste heat heat exchanger 13, which is arranged between the fan 11 and the outer heat exchanger 9, in relation to a flow direction of the ambient air flow 12.
- the temperature of the ambient air at the waste heat heat exchanger 13 is 10 to 18 °C.
- a cooling medium, here water, of a battery cooling circuit 14 flows through the provided waste heat heat exchanger 13 .
- a flow temperature of the cooling medium of the battery cooling circuit is determined by the cooler 2 .
- the cooler 2 comprises a compressor 15, a condenser 16 together with the associated condenser fan 17, an expansion valve 18 and an evaporator 19.
- a thermal interaction of a cooling medium of the cooler circuit with the refrigerant of the battery cooling circuit 14 takes place significant amount of electrical power. This applies equally to ferry operation of the rail vehicle when the battery arrangement has to be cooled and when the vehicle is parked and the battery arrangement has to be heated in winter, for example, in order to maintain its specified operating temperatures.
- the cooler 2 is in its cooling mode, with a flow temperature in a supply line 20 of the battery cooling circuit 14 being significantly lower (e.g. 15-20 °C) than a return temperature (e.g. 18-25 °C). ) in a return line 21.
- the evaporator 19 Before reaching the evaporator 19 is from the return line 21 of the battery cooling circuit 14 by the cooling process of Batte rieanssen heated cooling water fed to the waste heat heat exchanger 13, which is the outer heat exchanger 9 of the Klimage rätes 1 upstream.
- the ambient air is preheated by the thermal interaction of the heated cooling water with the ambient air at the heat exchanger 13 .
- the preheated ambient air has the effect that either icing of the external heat exchanger 9 of the air conditioning unit 1 is counteracted or even icing of the external heat exchanger 9 is completely avoided.
- the cooling water that has been cooled off at the waste heat heat exchanger 13 is fed back to the supply line 20 of the battery cooling circuit 14 .
- an input side of the upstream waste heat heat exchanger 13 is thus connected to an input side of the evaporator 19 of the cooler 2 and an output side of the upstream waste heat heat exchanger 13 an output side of the evaporator 19 of the cooler in each case flow-connected.
- the compressor 15 can be operated with less electrical power, since it does not convey all the heated water via the return line 21 to the evaporator 19 incoming cooling water must cool down to a suitable temperature.
- operation of a compressor 15 can possibly be completely dispensed with, which entails a considerable saving in electrical power.
- the external waste heat exchanger 9 of the air conditioning unit 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor 26 arranged on the external heat exchanger 9 for detecting icing of the external waste heat
- Heat exchanger 9 is equipped.
- measured values provided by a suction gas temperature sensor 27 , a suction pressure sensor 28 and possibly also by a high-pressure sensor 29 are included in the assessment of whether a defrosting process is required or not.
- the sensors 26, 27, 28, 29 are all signal-connected to a control device 30 of the air conditioner 1 and upon detection of icing of the external waste heat heat exchanger 9, which requires a defrosting process, the circuit of the air conditioner tes 1 by the Controller disabled.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204488 | 2021-05-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/058776 WO2022233512A1 (de) | 2021-05-04 | 2022-04-01 | Fahrzeug zur personenbeförderung mit elektrischer, gekühlter antriebsvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4313639A1 true EP4313639A1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
Family
ID=81454628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22720401.3A Pending EP4313639A1 (de) | 2021-05-04 | 2022-04-01 | Fahrzeug zur personenbeförderung mit elektrischer, gekühlter antriebsvorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240227494A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4313639A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3215483A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022233512A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8063609B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-11-22 | General Electric Company | Method and system for extending life of a vehicle energy storage device |
| JP5751028B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2015-07-22 | 株式会社デンソー | ヒートポンプサイクル |
| JP2012162149A (ja) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ヒートポンプ式車両用空調装置 |
| JP6015636B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-10-26 | 株式会社デンソー | ヒートポンプシステム |
| JP6593375B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-10-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用熱管理装置 |
| DE102019100096B4 (de) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-01-28 | Hanon Systems | Klimatisierungs- und Batteriekühlanordnung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Klimatisierungs- und Batteriekühlanordnung |
| DE102020107111B4 (de) * | 2019-05-08 | 2024-08-22 | Hanon Systems | Wärmepumpenanordnung für Fahrzeuge mit einem Fahrzeugkabinenheizkreislauf und einem Batterieheizkreislauf |
| US11628704B2 (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2023-04-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of operating a cooling system having dual independent refrigerant loops for providing cooling to a vehicle cabin and vehicle battery |
-
2022
- 2022-04-01 US US18/559,098 patent/US20240227494A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-01 CA CA3215483A patent/CA3215483A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-01 EP EP22720401.3A patent/EP4313639A1/de active Pending
- 2022-04-01 WO PCT/EP2022/058776 patent/WO2022233512A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3215483A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
| US20240227494A1 (en) | 2024-07-11 |
| WO2022233512A1 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH |