EP4313453A1 - Vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung von fertigungsprodukten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung von fertigungsproduktenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4313453A1 EP4313453A1 EP22714400.3A EP22714400A EP4313453A1 EP 4313453 A1 EP4313453 A1 EP 4313453A1 EP 22714400 A EP22714400 A EP 22714400A EP 4313453 A1 EP4313453 A1 EP 4313453A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- construction
- flow
- receiving opening
- coater
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/357—Recycling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products and a method for producing such a device. Furthermore, the inventions relate to a covering element for using such a device for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products, as well as a method for producing and using such a covering element and a method for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products in such a device.
- Additive manufacturing describes a process in which additive manufacturing products or components (hereinafter also referred to as objects) are manufactured directly or indirectly on the basis of digital 3D design data, for example from amorphous, in particular powdered, construction materials.
- objects additive manufacturing products or components
- 3D printing is therefore often used as a synonym for additive manufacturing.
- a key feature of additive manufacturing is the selective, i. H. spatially limited, in particular in layers, hardening of at least one construction material. If the construction material is in powder form, it is usually first introduced in the form of a thin layer, for example on a construction platform or construction platform for short, in a process space or a process chamber of a device for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products.
- the powder particles of the building material are partially or completely melted or partially or completely sintered in predetermined areas of the layer by means of locally introduced radiant energy - usually by means of a laser beam - and then cool down to such an extent that they combine with each other to form a solid body.
- the area of the layer in which the current hardening of the building material takes place is also referred to as the "hardening area”.
- the building material can also be solidified using other physical or chemical methods, for example by applying a binder.
- SLS selective laser sintering
- SLM selective laser melting
- the construction platform is moved down one layer thickness so that the surface of the selectively hardened layer is again level with the surroundings. Then a coater applies another layer of building material to the previous, lower layer. In doing so, the coater shifts the powdery build-up material to a flat surface. Thus, the powdered building material again forms a substantially flat work surface.
- residual powder is then collected in one or more overflows or residual powder chambers, which are arranged laterally to the working plane in the direction of displacement of the coater next to the area of the construction platform.
- residual powder is often accumulated in the residual powder chambers. The reason for this is that for each component layer to be produced, the coater puts a layer of build-up material on the working level, which in turn is shifted to a not inconsiderable part into the residual powder chambers during coating.
- the desired manufactured products or components are produced by successive selective hardening of layers of a powdered construction material that can be hardened by means of irradiation.
- the hardening takes place in each case at points that correspond to a cross section of the component in the respective layer.
- a preferred example of this is a laser sintering device, as already mentioned, even if the invention is not limited thereto.
- the device comprises at least one construction container with at least one height-adjustable construction platform.
- the construction container and the construction platform define a construction space inside.
- the upper opening of the construction container forms a construction field, which is arranged above the construction platform.
- the construction area is located on the working level, the construction area being the area of the working level in which the component is manufactured and the construction area being arranged essentially congruently above the construction platform.
- the device comprises at least one solidification device.
- the solidification device is preferably a beam source, preferably a laser, for solidification, ie preferably for irradiation, of the uppermost layer of the powdery building material to be solidified in the construction area of the current working level (with an energy beam).
- the device can also—as usual—have a beam deflection device (e.g. a scanner) for deflecting the energy beam onto the respective layer to be solidified, or for moving the energy beam in the desired manner on the current layer and for selective solidification to reach.
- the selective solidification of the building material can take place by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular light and/or heat radiation.
- the construction material can also be irradiated with particle radiation, such as electron radiation, for solidification.
- the device also includes at least one coater which is designed, as already described above, to apply layers of the construction material to the construction platform and/or a previously applied layer in order to bring the construction material into the current working plane with the construction field.
- the device also includes at least one residual powder chamber.
- the residual powder chamber has at least one receiving opening in order to receive excess powdery material displaced by the coater.
- the receiving opening is designed in such a way that, as already described above, the (excess) powdery building material displaced by the coater from the working plane in the direction of the residual powder chamber can be received by the residual powder chamber.
- the device is designed in such a way that an area between the construction field and the receiving opening has at least one flow-inhibiting device for the powdery material.
- the area between the construction area and the receiving opening is to be understood as an area that lies on the working level or at the height of the working level between the relevant receiving opening and the construction area, or the area between the construction platform and the receiving opening if the Build platform is in the up position at the start of the build process.
- a “flow-inhibiting device” is understood to mean a device that slows down or “inhibits” the flow of the powdery building material.
- a surface can be modified in an area between the construction area and the receiving opening and z. B. have coarser structures, whereby the flow movement of the powder on the surface is slowed down or stopped completely. Concrete examples of how such a flow-inhibiting device can be implemented will be explained in detail later.
- the (residual) powder consumption during the additive manufacturing process can be significantly reduced with such a flow-inhibiting device.
- the area between the construction site and the receiving opening of the production devices used on the market is equipped with a flat and relatively smooth surface pointing in the direction of the working level.
- This surface is so smooth that the powdered building material can be easily moved on this surface (for example during coating).
- the mean roughness value R a of a surface indicates the mean distance of a measuring point on the surface to a specific center line.
- the center line intersects the actual profile within the reference section in such a way that the sum of the profile deviations in a plane parallel to the center line is distributed over the length of the measurement section.
- the mean roughness value indicates the arithmetic average of the roughness profile.
- the area between the construction site and the receiving opening is now specifically and consciously designed with the flow-inhibiting device according to the invention in such a way that the material, at least in the area of the flow-inhibiting barrier, cannot flow so easily in the direction of the residual powder chamber.
- the inventor has found that as a result less powdery build-up material (hereinafter also referred to as “powder” for short) is shifted into the at least one residual powder chamber without the coating process itself being impeded or resulting in a more uneven coating. Due to the lower material consumption, even large components can be additively manufactured in a continuous process without the residual powder chamber having to be emptied. As a result, less residual powder has to be “recycled” and the entire additive manufacturing process can be made more cost-efficient.
- the area between the construction site and the residual powder chamber and/or at least part of the residual powder chamber is preferably covered by at least one cover element, leaving the receiving opening intact, with the surface of the cover element having at least one flow-inhibiting device for the powdery material.
- the receiving opening is particularly preferably implemented in the form of an opening within the cover element.
- such a cover element with a flow-inhibiting device allows the flow-inhibiting device to be implemented in a simple manufacturing process on the flexible and easy-to-handle cover element itself.
- existing production devices can also be made easily and inexpensively in this way be retrofitted, for example by replacing existing cover elements (with smooth surfaces) with cover elements with integrated anti-flow devices.
- the already existing cover elements could also be subsequently provided with a flow-inhibiting device.
- a region between the building site and the receiving opening is provided with at least one flow-inhibiting device for the powdery material.
- the device is preferably provided with the cover element described below.
- a cover element according to the invention for an above-described device for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products is designed to cover an area between the construction field and the residual powder chamber and/or at least part of the residual powder chamber while leaving a receiving opening.
- the surface of the covering element has at least one flow-inhibiting device for the powdered material.
- the cover element is formed with at least one depression, with at least one insert plate preferably being arranged in the depression.
- the covering element is also provided with at least one flow-inhibiting device for the powdered construction material.
- the insert plate is provided with a flow-inhibiting device, because this allows the cover element to be produced in a particularly cost-efficient manner. Since only the (smaller) insert plate has to be provided with a flow retardant barrier, the manufacturing process is simpler and less complex.
- a cover element in the production device according to the invention allows the powder consumption in the additive manufacturing process to be significantly reduced using relatively inexpensive means (equipping the cover element with a flow-inhibiting barrier), with the already existing production devices as already mentioned, can advantageously be retrofitted with a sol Chen cover.
- powdered building material is hardened by irradiation.
- the solidified powdered building material corresponds to a cross-section of the manufactured product.
- the selective solidification is carried out in a device which comprises a construction container, a solidification device (for example a beam source), a coater and a residual powder chamber.
- the construction container has at least one height-adjustable construction platform.
- the solidification device serves to solidify building material to be solidified on the building platform.
- the coater applies layers of build material to the build platform or a previously applied layer. Through a receiving opening in the rest of the powder chamber, displaced, excess powdered material can be taken from it.
- a flow of the powdery material is mechanically impeded by means of a flow-inhibiting device in an area between the build-up platform and the receiving opening.
- the flow-inhibiting device of the production device preferably has a rough or roughened surface pointing in the direction of the working plane or is formed by this.
- the roughness should be chosen so that it is at least a factor of 2 higher than in a surrounding area.
- the surrounding area can be the covering element.
- the roughened surface is then only part of the covering element.
- the entire covering element can also be provided with the rough surface.
- the assembly platform can also be seen as at least part of the "surrounding area” if no layer of the assembly material has been applied, or areas or strips on the side next to the cover element and/or the assembly platform.
- the roughness of the surface between the construction space and the receiving opening pointing to the working plane denotes the unevenness of this surface.
- the exact configuration of the flow-inhibiting device can preferably also be selected depending on the grain size of the powdered construction material currently being used. For example, depending on the grain size of the particles of the powdered construction material used, surfaces with different surface roughnesses can be used as flow-inhibiting devices. A surface is therefore rough in the sense of this invention if the powder currently used during coating is restricted in its flow movement.
- the surface can be roughened, for example, by means of compressed air blasting with a solid blasting medium (e.g. by means of sandblasting).
- the sand grains of the sandblasting have a grain size of preferably at least 50 ⁇ m and at most 500 ⁇ m.
- a preferred blasting medium is, for example, corundum or garnet sand.
- the irradiation can preferably take place in such a way that the surface roughness of the roughened surface is higher than a surrounding area by a factor of at least 2, as explained above.
- the surface can also be roughened using other mechanical methods such as milling. If the surface is roughened in a specific direction during the roughening, it is preferable for the direction of the indentations or elevations caused by the roughening to be aligned transversely, particularly preferably essentially orthogonally, to the intended coating direction of the coater. This can ensure that the flow-inhibiting effect of the roughening comes into play more clearly.
- the flow-inhibiting device is formed from a rough, suitable coating material.
- the coating material can also be a thin layer, such as a foil or the like, applied to the surface, e.g. B. is glued.
- crepe paper which is attached to an area between the space and the receiving opening.
- the flow restricting device in the form of a roughened surface can also comprise a purposefully provided local accumulation of the powdered material. In other words, it may be sufficient to ensure that a very thin “base layer” of material (possibly just one grain level) remains on the surface that is to have the desired roughness requirements.
- the surface of this thin layer of powder can also be regarded as rough to a certain extent.
- This base layer of material which provides the roughness of the surface, can be held on the surface with the help of suitable adhesives, for example.
- the flow-inhibiting device can therefore preferably also have at least one edge.
- the edge is formed on the surface of the covering element pointing in the direction of the working plane.
- the edge can have a variety of shapes, but the edge is preferably in the form of a ramp, nose, pyramid or cuboid.
- the edge can also correspond to a concave or circular shape.
- the edge can preferably also be applied to the surface of the cover element in any embodiment.
- the edge can be realized by an applied strip and/or rail. Materials that are particularly suitable for such strips or rails are those that have a lower degree of hardness than the coater, so that they do not cause injuries to the coater when they come into contact with the latter. For example, plastics in the form of strips or foils are suitable for this.
- the edge can have a certain orientation to the coating direction of the coater. It is preferred that the edge is aligned transversely, in particular preferably essentially orthogonally, to the intended coating direction of the coater. This can ensure that the flow-inhibiting effect of the edge comes into play more clearly.
- the height of the edge is preferably at least 0.1 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.5 mm and very preferably at least 1 mm, and preferably at most 50 mm, particularly preferably at most 5 mm and very particularly preferably at most 2 mm. With the values given here, the height of the edge is greater than the distance between the coater and the assembly platform. This means that within the scope of these specified values, it is preferred that the traverse path of the coater is limited at most to just before the edge.
- the height of the edge is at most the same as the distance between the coater and the construction platform or the construction platform, preferably at most 3/4, particularly preferably at most half of the distance between the coater and the construction platform or the construction platform.
- an edge like the previously described roughened surface of the covering element, reduces the flow movement of the powdered construction material. As a result, there is less residual powder in the residual powder chambers, which has to be “recycled” or disposed of in a complex manner.
- the edge can advantageously be attached between the construction platform and the receiving opening with very simple means. The attachment of the edge can thus also be carried out particularly easily, for example, in the course of a “retrofitting” of the device for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products.
- the flow-inhibiting device and in particular the edge are particularly preferably formed directly on or at a short distance, preferably of no more than 50 mm and preferably no more than 20 mm, particularly preferably no more than 5 mm, from the receiving opening. In particular, this makes it easier to avoid unnecessarily limiting the coater's travel path due to the positioning of the edge.
- the flow-inhibiting device can, for example, also have both a roughened surface and an edge, with the edge preferably pointing in the direction of the working plane roughened surface just before the receiving opening and the edge is formed at the receiving opening.
- the flow-inhibiting device comprises only the roughened surface or only the edge.
- the flow movement of the powdery construction material on the working level is only inhibited or significantly reduced in the immediate vicinity of the residual powder chambers, while the flow behavior of the powder on the construction area is not restricted. This allows the coater to quickly and efficiently apply an even layer of build material to the build area.
- the production device preferably has at least one cover element.
- the cover element particularly preferably has the flow-inhibiting device, with the flow-inhibiting device being particularly preferably implemented by a roughened surface and/or an edge.
- a manufacturing device as already mentioned, can be retrofitted particularly easily with a flow retardation device, for example by simply replacing a cover element without a flow retardation device with a cover element with a flow retardation device.
- the cover element particularly preferably has a cover frame, the cover frame having at least one opening which forms the receiving opening in order to feed the excess powdery material displaced by the coater to the residual powder chamber.
- a cover element which is preferably in the form of a cover frame, can be produced particularly easily and cost-effectively and can be arranged stably during operation in the process space in an area between the construction area and the receiving opening of the production device.
- At least one depression is preferably formed in an area between the construction platform and the receiving opening, and particularly preferably in the cover element itself.
- At least one insert plate is most preferably at least net angeord, the recess and the insert plate being designed in such a way that the working plane facing or lying in a working plane surface at a transition of Surface of the cover to the surface of the insert plate is arranged substantially flush tend.
- the insert plate thus forms an essentially planar, even surface around the surrounding area or with the cover element.
- such an aligned or precisely fitting arrangement of the insert plate allows the fine powdery building material not to be unintentionally collected in depressions or gaps that would otherwise arise in the areas of the outer edges of the insert plate.
- the insert plate described above preferably has the flow-inhibiting device and it is particularly preferably arranged in a direct connection in front of the receiving opening (below the working plane) pointing in the direction of the construction space or as seen from the construction field.
- the insert plate can also form the receiving opening in the form of an opening.
- a flow control device using such an insert plate is particularly practical and cost-effective to manufacture. This is because it is sufficient that z. B. only the insert plate - must be provided with an anti-flow device - as a relatively small and compact and easy-to-work single piece.
- FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional representation of an exemplary embodiment of a process chamber of a device for the additive manufacturing of a manufactured product without a flow-inhibiting device according to the prior art
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional representation of an exemplary embodiment of a process chamber of a device according to the invention for the additive manufacturing of a manufactured product with a flow-inhibiting device
- FIG. 4 shows a detailed view, shown in section, of an exemplary embodiment of a cover frame with a roughened surface as a flow-inhibiting device
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view, shown in section, of a further exemplary embodiment of a cover frame with an edge as a flow-inhibiting device
- FIG. 6 shows a top view of an embodiment of a cover frame with an insert plate with a roughened surface.
- laser sintering device 1 for the additive manufacturing of manufactured products 2 (also referred to below as objects 2) in the form of a laser sintering or laser melting device 1, with explicit reference being made to the fact that the invention does not relate to laser sintering or laser melting devices gene is limited.
- the device 1 is therefore briefly referred to as “laser sintering device” 1 in the following—without limiting the generality.
- Such a laser sintering device 1 is shown schematically in FIG.
- the device has a process space 3 or a process chamber 3 with a chamber wall 4 in which the manufacturing process essentially takes place.
- a construction container 5 which is open at the top and has a container wall 6.
- the upper opening of the container 5 forms the respective current working level 7.
- the area of this working level 7 lying within the opening of the container 5 is known as the building field 8 or building space 8 and can be used to build object 2.
- the construction material 15 is first applied from a storage container 14 to the working plane 7 by a coater 16 .
- the coater 16 is then moved to a predetermined height in the working plane 7, so that the layer S of the powdered building material 13 located on the working plane 7 is at a defined height above the last solidified layer.
- the container 5 has a base plate 11 which can be moved in a vertical direction V and which is arranged on a carrier 10 .
- the base plate 11 closes off the container 5 at the bottom and thus forms its bottom.
- the base plate 11 may be formed integrally with the carrier 10, but it may also be a plate formed separately from the carrier 10 and fixed to the carrier 10 or simply overlaid on it.
- a construction platform 12 or, for short, a construction platform 12 can be attached as a construction base, on which the object 2 is constructed. In principle, however, the object 2 can also be built on the base plate 11 itself, which then itself forms the construction base or the construction platform 12 or, for short, the construction platform 12 (as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example).
- the basic construction of the object 2 is such that a layer S of construction material 13 is first applied to the construction platform 12, then - as explained later - with a beam source, here specifically with a laser, 21 at the points which are parts of the to be manufactured Object 2 are to form, the construction material 13 is selectively solidified, then the base plate 11 and thus the construction platform 12 is lowered by one layer thickness with the aid of the carrier 10 and a new layer S of the construction material 15 is applied and then selectively solidified, etc.
- the invention is not limited to laser sintering/laser melting devices.
- the laser 21 can therefore also be a solidification device of a different type, although this is not always explained explicitly below.
- construction material 15 can be used as the construction material 15 .
- Preferred uses are metallic construction materials and self-conducting or intrinsically conducting plastics, but also those plastics that acquire electrical conductivity through the addition of electrically conductive fillers.
- Fresh construction material 15 is located in a reservoir 14 of the laser sintering device 1. With the aid of the coater 16, which can be moved in a horizontal direction H, the construction material 15 can be applied to the working plane 7 in the form of a thin layer S, as mentioned.
- a radiant heater 17 is optionally located in the process chamber 3 . This can be used to heat the freshly applied construction material 13 , with the construction material 13 essentially being heated in the entire construction field 8 .
- the amount of basic energy introduced into the building material 13 by the heating device 17 is below the necessary energy at which the building material 13 sinters or even fuses.
- the laser sintering device 1 has a solidification device 20, which is realized here in the form of an irradiation device 20 with a laser 21.
- the laser 21 generates a laser beam 22, which is guided via a deflection device 23 (Scanner 23) is deflected in order to selectively introduce energy into the regions of the layer S to be selectively solidified in each case according to a predetermined irradiation strategy.
- this laser beam 22 is suitably focused on the working plane 7 by a focusing device 24 .
- the irradiation device 20 is located here preferably outside of the process chamber 3 and the laser beam 22 is guided into the process chamber 3 via a coupling window 25 attached to the upper side of the process chamber 3 in the chamber wall 4 and strikes the working plane 7 at a specific point, ie the layer S currently to be consolidated.
- the solidification device 20 can, for example, comprise not only one but several lasers 21 .
- this can be gas or solid-state lasers or any other type of laser such.
- the laser sintering device 1 also includes a control device 30 which can be operated by a terminal 40 .
- the control device 30 can have a large number of interfaces (not shown) described further below and, for example, can also receive and process information from a sensor arrangement 35 in the process room 3 .
- the control device 30 includes a calculation module 34 here, which calculates and optimizes an irradiation strategy for the layer-by-layer production of the additive component.
- Process control data PS e.g. 3D design data
- the laser sintering device 1 also contains here (optionally, also in the following) a sensor arrangement 35 which is suitable for detecting process radiation emitted during the impingement of the laser beam 22 on the building material 13 in the working plane 7 .
- This sensor arrangement 35 works in a spatially resolved manner, ie it is able to capture a type of emission image of the respective layer.
- An image sensor or a camera is preferably used as the sensor arrangement 35, which is sufficiently sensitive in the area of the emitted radiation.
- one or more sensors could be used to detect optical and/or thermal process radiation, e.g. B.
- the signals detected by the sensor arrangement 35 are transferred here as a process space sensor data set SDS to a control device 30 of the laser sintering device 1, which also serves to control the various components of the laser sintering device 1 for overall control of the additive manufacturing process.
- the control device 30 is constructed in such a way that the laser sintering device 1 , in particular the irradiation device 20 , is controlled by a control unit 29 according to the irradiation strategy previously calculated or optimized by means of the calculation module 34 .
- the control unit 29 controls the components of the irradiation device 20 in the usual way, namely here the laser 21, the deflection device 23 and the focussing device 24, and transmits corresponding irradiation control data BS to them for this purpose.
- the control unit 29 also controls the radiant heater 17 by means of suitable heating control data HS, the coater 16 by means of coating control data ST and the movement of the carrier 10 by means of carrier control data TS.
- control device 30 can include a further control device 31, which determines quality data QD using process control data PS and the process space sensor data set SDS or other suitable process data, which can be transferred to the control unit 29 in one variant, for example, in order to regulate in to be taken into account in the irradiation strategy and thus to be able to intervene in the additive manufacturing process.
- a further control device 31 which determines quality data QD using process control data PS and the process space sensor data set SDS or other suitable process data, which can be transferred to the control unit 29 in one variant, for example, in order to regulate in to be taken into account in the irradiation strategy and thus to be able to intervene in the additive manufacturing process.
- the control device 30 is here z. B. via a bus 36 or other data connec tion coupled to the terminal 40 with a display or the like. An operator can control the control device 30 and thus the entire laser sintering device 1 via the terminal 40 .
- the display of the terminal 40 can also be used during the ongoing production process to visualize the irradiation strategy for the production of the component 2 and/or the process space sensor data set SDS and/or the quality data QD.
- the present invention is not limited to a laser sintering device 1, as shown in FIG. 1, for example. It can be applied to any other device for the generative or additive manufacture of a three-dimensional object by applying and selectively solidifying a construction material, in particular in layers. Accordingly, a cover element 54 provided with a flow-inhibiting device 61 can also be used in any comparable device.
- a flow-inhibiting barrier 61 in each case in an area B between the construction site 8 and the respective receiving openings 55 of the residual powder chambers 50, 51, here in the form of an edge 61 or strip, which is arranged directly in front of the receiving opening 55 and extends slightly upwards from the work plane.
- the edge 61 is exaggerated. In reality, a very small edge is sufficient, for example, to prevent a first thin layer of powder on the edge from immediately slipping into the receiving opening 55 .
- Possible configurations of such anti-flow barriers 60, 61 will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 2 first shows a rough, schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a process chamber of a device for additive manufacturing of a manufactured product from the prior art and thus without a flow-inhibiting device according to the invention.
- the device 1 from the prior art according to FIG. 2 has no flow-inhibiting device.
- the surface of the covering element 54 in the area B between the construction platform 12 and the receiving opening 55 therefore has, as mentioned, a flat and smooth surface on which the powdered construction material 13 naturally slides or can be displaced very easily, since it its flow movement is only impeded to an insignificant extent by the smooth subsoil.
- a great deal of powdery building material 13 is shifted from the working plane 7 into the residual powder chambers 50 (shown here by an arrow) and the residual powder 13 has to be recycled at great expense.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow-inhibiting device 60, 61 according to the invention, which is designed in the form of a roughened surface 60 and, in addition, an edge 61 in each case.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic detailed view of a flow-inhibiting device 60 designed as a roughened surface 60 .
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic detailed view of a flow-inhibiting device 61 designed as an edge 61, and a top view of a cover frame 54 with an insert plate 53 is shown in FIG. In this case, the insert plate 53 has the anti-flow device 60 in the form of a roughened surface 60 .
- the laser sintering device 1 shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 has two cover frames 54 which are each arranged on the outer boundaries of the construction platform 12 above the construction container wall 6 and the residual powder chambers 50 .
- the cover frame 54 comprises a larger plate 52 and a smaller plate 53, with the larger plate 52 resting on the residual powder chamber 50 and on the container wall 6 of the construction container 5 in order to bridge or close a gap between the construction container 5 and the residual powder chamber 50 cover.
- the smaller plate 53 (hereinafter also insert plate 53) is let into a recess 56 of the larger plate 52 with an essentially precise fit. That is, the insert plate 53, together with the larger plate 52, forms a substantially planar surface and insert plate 53 is flush with the surface of larger plate 53 in recess 56 of larger plate 52 (see, e.g., Figure 4).
- the cover frame 54 also has an opening 55 through which powder 13 displaced from the work surface 7 can be collected in the residual powder chamber 50 (see also FIG. 6).
- the breakthrough 55 is realized in this embodiment by a respective recess within the larger plate 52 and the insert plate 53 .
- Ideally--as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5--the cutouts of both plates 52, 53 are congruent cutouts which together form the opening 55 of the cover frame 54.
- the surface of the cover frame 54 of the laser sintering device 1 has a flow inhibition threshold 60 , 61 in order to at least reduce the shifting of powder 13 into the residual powder chambers 50 .
- FIGs 3, 4 and 6 show an embodiment of a cover frame 54 with an insert plate 53 with the flow-inhibiting device 60 in the form of a roughened surface 60.
- the entire upward-facing surface of the insert plate 53 is roughened - also in one Area C behind the receiving opening 55 (see Figure 4).
- the insert plate is only roughened in the area B between the construction container 5 and the receiving opening 55, but a completely roughened surface of the insert plate 53 can simply simplify the production process of one of the insert plates 53 with the roughened surface 60 Since in this case only the light and easy-to-use insert plate 53 must be roughened - e.g. B. by irradiation with sandblasting.
- the anti-flow barrier 61 is implemented by a type of edge 61, as shown enlarged in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 for purposes of illustration.
- This edge 61 can already be integrated into a plate 52, 53 of the cover frame 54 located under the work surface 7 during operation during the manufacturing process will.
- it is also conceivable that such an edge 61 is attached or placed on the cover frame 54 after the manufacturing process, for example in the course of retrofitting the laser sintering device 1.
- the powder consumption is reduced by the flow control device 60, 61 according to the invention. so that only a little residual powder 13 is left in the residual powder chambers 50 (FIGS. 3 to 5).
- the device 1 according to the invention with a flow-inhibiting device 60, 61 leads to a much more cost-effective and less complex manufacturing process for additive manufacturing products 2, since far less residual powder 13 has to be reprocessed and more powder 13 is processed directly during the manufacturing process.
- the device 1 for additive manufacturing described in detail above and the flow-inhibiting devices 60, 61 described are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in a wide variety of ways by a person skilled in the art without falling within the scope of the invention to leave.
- the flow-inhibiting devices 60, 61 shown in the respective exemplary embodiments can be exchanged and/or combined with one another as desired.
- the residual powder chambers 50 can be covered by other suitable cover elements 54 that are not described in the exemplary embodiments shown above.
- the use of the indefinite article "a” or “an” does not rule out the possibility that the characteristics in question can also be present more than once.
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Abstract
Description
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021107265.4A DE102021107265A1 (de) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Vorrichtung zur additiven Fertigung von Fertigungsprodukten |
PCT/EP2022/056380 WO2022200081A1 (de) | 2021-03-23 | 2022-03-11 | Vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung von fertigungsprodukten |
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EP4313453A1 true EP4313453A1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
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EP22714400.3A Withdrawn EP4313453A1 (de) | 2021-03-23 | 2022-03-11 | Vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung von fertigungsprodukten |
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US (1) | US20240190073A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4313453A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117083139A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021107265A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022200081A1 (de) |
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DE102022132006A1 (de) | 2022-12-02 | 2024-06-13 | KSB SE & Co. KGaA | Modularer 3D-Druckautomat |
DE102023110688A1 (de) | 2023-01-24 | 2024-07-25 | Microtrac Retsch Gmbh | Deagglomerationsvorrichtung und Anordnung mit einer Deagglomerationsvorrichtung und mit einer Partikelmesseinrichtung |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8308466B2 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2012-11-13 | Arcam Ab | Apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object |
DE102015005780B4 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2021-10-07 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Objekten |
DE102015213103A1 (de) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
WO2018202305A1 (de) | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Wechselkammer für eine vorrichtung und ein verfahren zum generativen herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts |
BE1025293B1 (nl) | 2017-06-06 | 2019-01-15 | Layerwise N.V. | Apparaat met een module voor het laagsgewijs vervaardigen van een product |
DE102018128242A1 (de) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-14 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Pulverauftragsvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pulverauftragsvorrichtung und Anlage zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Werkstücks |
CN111703071A (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-25 | 天津清研智束科技有限公司 | 一种增材制造装置及增材制造方法 |
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2021
- 2021-03-23 DE DE102021107265.4A patent/DE102021107265A1/de active Pending
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2022
- 2022-03-11 CN CN202280020980.4A patent/CN117083139A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-11 WO PCT/EP2022/056380 patent/WO2022200081A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-03-11 EP EP22714400.3A patent/EP4313453A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-03-11 US US18/282,866 patent/US20240190073A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
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CN117083139A (zh) | 2023-11-17 |
US20240190073A1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
WO2022200081A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
DE102021107265A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
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