EP4312050A1 - Suivi compact de projectile supersonique - Google Patents

Suivi compact de projectile supersonique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4312050A1
EP4312050A1 EP23188156.6A EP23188156A EP4312050A1 EP 4312050 A1 EP4312050 A1 EP 4312050A1 EP 23188156 A EP23188156 A EP 23188156A EP 4312050 A1 EP4312050 A1 EP 4312050A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
reflective surface
sensors
acoustically reflective
shockwave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23188156.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yuval LUBASHEVSKY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Synchrosense Ltd
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Synchrosense Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Synchrosense Ltd filed Critical Synchrosense Ltd
Publication of EP4312050A1 publication Critical patent/EP4312050A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
    • F41J5/06—Acoustic hit-indicating systems, i.e. detecting of shock waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/66—Sonar tracking systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • the present disclosure in some embodiments, thereof, relates to projectile tracking and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to tracking of supersonic projectiles.
  • Example 1 A projectile tracking system comprising:
  • Example 2 The system according to Example 1, wherein said acoustically reflective surface is a target.
  • Example 3 The system according to any one of Examples 1-2, wherein said projectile is a bullet.
  • Example 4 The system according to any one of Examples 1-3, wherein said processor is configured to identify timing of arrival of said supersonic shockwave and said timing of arrival of said reflection from a single measurement signal, of said plurality of measurement signals, associated with a single sensor.
  • Example 5 The system according to any one of Examples 1-4, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors are each spaced apart from said acoustically reflective surface by a distance selected based on a sensing relaxation time of said plurality of acoustic sensors.
  • Example 6 The system according to Example 5, wherein said distance is at least double said relaxation time multiplied by a speed of sound.
  • Example 7 The system according to Example 6, wherein said speed of sound is a minimum speed of sound for a range of operation temperatures.
  • Example 8 The system according to any one of Examples 1-7, wherein said processor is configured to:
  • Example 9 The system according to Example 8, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors are each spaced apart from said additional acoustically reflective surface by a distance selected based on a sensing relaxation time of said plurality of acoustic sensors.
  • Example 10 The system according to Example 8, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors are each spaced apart from said additional acoustically reflective surface by a distance selected to maintain reflections sensed by said plurality of acoustic sensors from said additional acoustically reflective surface to below a threshold.
  • Example 11 The projectile tracking system according to any one of Examples 9-10, wherein said second acoustically reflective surface is a ground surface.
  • Example 12 The system according to any one of Examples 1-11, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors comprises three acoustic sensors and wherein said processor is configured to receive three measurement signals one from each of said three acoustic sensors.
  • Example 13 The system according to Example 12, wherein said sensors are positioned so that, for a for a range of projectile trajectories, each of said three acoustic sensors senses said supersonic shockwave and said reflection; wherein said processor is configured, for said range of projectile trajectories to:
  • Example 14 The projectile tracking system according to Example 13, wherein said range of trajectories includes projectiles on trajectories which hit said acoustically reflective surface.
  • Example 15 The system according to Example 14, wherein said range of projectile trajectories comprises trajectories where said projectile passes through a plane of said acoustically reflective surface at a distance of less than 50cm away from said acoustically reflective surface.
  • Example 16 The projectile tracking system according to any one of Examples 1-15, comprising said acoustically reflective surface.
  • Example 17 The system according to any one of Examples 1-16, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors are hosted by a tracking device having an elongate body with a maximal extent of 30cm perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of said elongate device housing.
  • Example 18 The system according to Example 17, wherein said maximal extent perpendicular to said central longitudinal axis of said elongate body is 10cm.
  • Example 19 The system according to any one of Examples 17-18, wherein a maximal extent of said elongate body is 50cm.
  • Example 20 The system according to any one of Examples 1-19, wherein said plurality of acoustic sensors are hosted by a tracking device having an expandable body, where, said expandable body expands to increase distance between two or more of said plurality of acoustic sensors.
  • Example 21 The system according to any one of Examples 1-20, wherein one or more of said sensors is a reflection sensor, positioned to sense said reflection of said shockwave from said acoustically reflective surface, wherein said system includes a shield positioned to acoustically shield said reflection sensor.
  • one or more of said sensors is a reflection sensor, positioned to sense said reflection of said shockwave from said acoustically reflective surface, wherein said system includes a shield positioned to acoustically shield said reflection sensor.
  • Example 22 The system according to Example 21, wherein a body of a device hosting said plurality of acoustic sensors forms said shield, said reflection sensor being hosted by said device at a position located between said device and said reflective surface.
  • Example 23 The projectile tracking system according to any one of Examples 1-22, wherein said acoustically reflective surface comprises an external surface of a building.
  • Example 24 The projectile tracking system according to any one of Examples 1-22, wherein said acoustically reflective surface comprises an external surface of a vehicle.
  • Example 25 The projectile tracking system according to any one of Examples 1-24, wherein said processor is configured to identify, from one or more of said plurality of measurement signals, a timing of a blast signal of said projectile leaving a firearm.
  • Example 26 The projectile tracking system according to Example 25, wherein said processor is configured to determine, using said timing of said blast signal, a location of said firearm with respect to one or more other portion of said system.
  • Example 27 A method of supersonic projectile tracking comprising:
  • Example 28 The method according to Example 27, wherein said identifying includes identifying timing of a change in pressure above a pressure threshold change.
  • Example 29 The method according to any one of Examples 27-28, wherein said identifying includes identifying timing of a differential of pressure above a differential threshold.
  • Example 30 The method according to any one of Examples 27-29, wherein said identifying includes identifying timing of a second differential of pressure above a second differential threshold.
  • Example 31 The method according to any one of Examples 27-30, comprising:
  • Example 32 The method according to any one of Examples 27-31, comprising measuring said spatial relationship between said plurality of acoustic sensors.
  • Example 33 The method according to any one of Examples 27-32, comprising measuring said spatial relationship between said plurality of acoustic sensors and said acoustically reflective surface.
  • Example 34 The method according to any one of Examples 27-33, wherein said identifying comprises identifying, from one or more of said plurality of measurement signals, a timing of a blast signal of said projectile leaving a firearm.
  • Example 35 The method according to Example 34, wherein said determining comprises determining, using said timing of said blast signal, a location of said firearm with respect to said plurality of acoustic sensors.
  • Example 36 A supersonic projectile tracking system comprising:
  • Example 37 The system according to Example 36, wherein said first distance is at least double said sensing relaxation time multiplied by a speed of sound.
  • Example 38 The system according to Example 37, wherein said speed of sound is a minimum speed of sound for a range of operation temperatures.
  • Example 39 The system according to any one of Examples 36-38, wherein said acoustically reflective surface is a target.
  • Example 40 The system according to any one of Examples 36-39, comprising a processor configured to:
  • Example 41 The system according to any one of Examples 36-40, wherein said projectile is a bullet.
  • Example 42 The system according to any one of Examples 40-41, wherein said processor is configured to identify timing of arrival of said supersonic shockwave and said timing of arrival of said reflection from a single measurement signal, of said plurality of measurement signals, associated with a single sensor.
  • Example 43 The system according to any one of Examples 36-42, wherein said a stand is configured to rigidly hold said tracking device and away from an additionally reflective surface by at least a second distance away from said additional acoustically reflective surface.
  • Example 44 A method of supersonic projectile tracking comprising:
  • some embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a "circuit," “module” or “system.”
  • some embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
  • Implementation of the method and/or system of some embodiments of the invention can involve performing and/or completing selected tasks manually, automatically, or a combination thereof.
  • several selected tasks could be implemented by hardware, by software or by firmware and/or by a combination thereof, e.g., using an operating system.
  • a data processor such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
  • the data processor includes a volatile memory for storing instructions and/or data and/or a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk and/or removable media, for storing instructions and/or data.
  • a network connection is provided as well.
  • a display and/or a user input device such as a keyboard or mouse are optionally provided as well.
  • the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • a computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • Program code embodied on a computer readable medium and/or data used thereby may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • Computer program code for carrying out operations for some embodiments of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Internet Service Provider for example, AT&T, MCI, Sprint, EarthLink, MSN, GTE, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • Some of the methods described herein are generally designed only for use by a computer, and may not be feasible or practical for performing purely manually, by a human expert.
  • a human expert who wanted to manually perform similar tasks, such as assessing a subject might be expected to use completely different methods, e.g., making use of expert knowledge and/or the pattern recognition capabilities of the human brain, which would be vastly more efficient than manually going through the steps of the methods described herein.
  • the present disclosure in some embodiments, thereof, relates to projectile tracking and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to tracking of supersonic projectiles.
  • a broad aspect of some embodiments of the disclosure relates to determining at least a portion of a trajectory of a supersonic projectile by acoustically sensing a supersonic shockwave associated with a path of the supersonic projectile and acoustically sensing a reflection at one or more acoustically reflective surface of the supersonic shockwave.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the disclosure relates to a compact measurement device including one or more sensors which tracks a supersonic projectile (e.g. a bullet) by sensing directly received supersonic shockwave/s and supersonic shockwave/s reflected from one or more acoustically reflective surfaces.
  • a supersonic projectile e.g. a bullet
  • sensing of a reflection of the shockwave is, in some embodiments, understood to generate a virtual sensor, located at a "mirror image" position where the acoustically reflective surface acts as the "mirror”.
  • timing of sensed arrival of the supersonic shockwave at different positions in space e.g. by different sensors of a plurality of sensors, where one or more sensor, in some embodiments, is a virtual sensor
  • a supersonic shockwave generated by a supersonic projectile e.g. a bullet
  • the portion of the trajectory includes a position where the projectile hits a target.
  • the wider the distances between sensors the higher an accuracy of the projectile trajectory determined using time of arrival of shockwaves at the sensors.
  • accuracy limitation/s of the measurement is a smaller proportion of the measurement values.
  • a potential advantage of sensing of reflected supersonic shockwave/s is increased effective size of the device (and/or enables a smaller device) e.g. by effectively moving a sensor sensing the reflected shockwave to a virtual mirror position away from the sensor real position.
  • a potential advantage of sensing of reflected supersonic shockwave/s is the potential for a more compact device and/or smaller spaces between sensors of a device e.g. for a same accuracy of projectile tracking:
  • reflection of a shockwave occurs at more than one acoustically reflective surface, sequentially (also herein termed a multi-path reflection), before being sensed.
  • a potential advantage of sensing of multi-path reflection is increased numbers of virtual sensors which potentially increase accuracy of tracking, where position of the reflective surfaces geometrically with respect to the sensors is known sufficiently accurately.
  • a marksmanship target provides an acoustically reflective surface.
  • reflection/s are sensed from more than one acoustically reflective surface (e.g. a ground surface providing a second acoustically reflective surface).
  • measurements are used to determine at least a portion of the trajectory which includes a contact position of the projectile with a target surface.
  • the portion of the trajectory includes a location at which the projectile contacts a plane of the target surface e.g. where the target surface is generally planar in shape.
  • the portion of the trajectory is a portion adjacent to the target. Where the target is a visible object to which a user aims the projectile e.g. for marksmanship training and/or practice.
  • a single sensor senses both a shockwave and a reflection of the shockwave from an acoustically reflective surface.
  • the plurality of sensors are positioned sufficiently separated from the acoustically reflective surface (or surfaces). For example, to enable separate identification, e.g. in acoustic sensor measurement data, of timing of a supersonic shockwave and its reflection from an acoustically reflective surface. For example, to reduce noise sensed by the sensor/s associated with reflection of the shockwave (e.g. associated with scattering reflections at a non-planar acoustically reflective surface).
  • a reflective surface is positioned at a distance from one or more of the sensors sufficient for both a shockwave and its reflection from the reflective surface to be identified from a signal from the one or more sensors.
  • sensors are positioned at a sufficient distance from a target which provides a reflective surface.
  • one or more of the sensors is separated from a ground surface (e.g. also separated from the ground surface). Where separation from the ground surface is sufficient for the ground surface to act as a reflecting surface.
  • separation of sensor/s from the ground surface is at a distance selected to reduce noise sensed by sensor/s associated with reflection of the shockwave by the ground surface.
  • separation between the sensor/s and the acoustically reflective surface is selected so that a shockwave and its reflection are identifiable within the sensor measurement signal. For example, where a shortest straight line distance between a sensor (e.g. each sensor) and the acoustically reflective surface (e.g. target) is larger than a speed of sound multiplied by double a relaxation time of the sensor.
  • relaxation time of the sensor is defined as a time delay after sensing of a first shockwave at which the sensor is able to detect a second shockwave.
  • a level the level in some embodiments measured as a time average e.g. magnitude averaged for a microsecond, or 1-100 microseconds, or 10-70 microseconds, or lower or higher or intermediate times or ranges
  • a level the level in some embodiments measured as a time average e.g. magnitude averaged for a microsecond, or 1-100 microseconds, or 10-70 microseconds, or lower or higher or intermediate times or ranges
  • an average expected magnitude of shockwaves e.g. 50-200 decibels, or 100-150 decibels, or about 125 decibels.
  • separation between the sensor/s and the acoustically reflective surface is selected so that a reflection of a first shockwave and a direct second shockwave, the first shockwave preceding the second shockwave arriving at a single sensor, are identifiable within the sensor measurement signal.
  • one or more sensor senses only a directly incident shockwave or a reflected shockwave.
  • an acoustic path of a shockwave to one or more sensor is acoustically obscured and/or blocked.
  • an acoustic sensor is positioned at a back surface of a tracking device, where a body of the device is located between the sensor and a path of the projectile and/or of its supersonic shockwave and where the acoustic sensor is not obscured from a path between an acoustically reflective surface and the sensor.
  • one or more acoustic sensor is positioned at a surface of the tracking device facing the acoustically reflective surface.
  • trajectile tracking includes tracking of a position at where the projectile hits the target to an accuracy of within 1-3cm, or within about 1cm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges, or accuracies.
  • the acoustic sensors are connected rigidly, a potential benefit of rigid connection being lesser (or no) requirement for calibration of the device before use. Where calibration would be, for example, to determine position of the sensors.
  • Rigid connection of sensors in some embodiments, is by connection to a projectile tracking device housing and/or one or more structure connected to and/or hosted by the housing.
  • a tracking device includes sensors with adjustable position (e.g. an expandable device)
  • one or more calibration measurement is collected and is used in determining projectile trajectory from sensor measurements.
  • the projectile tracking device includes an elongate housing where the width and/or height of the device (and/or device housing) is at least half that of a length of the device and/or where length of the device (and/or device housing) is at least 1.5-50 times, or at least 1.5-20 times, or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges, or multiples, of the device (and/or device housing) height and/or width.
  • the plurality of sensors are disposed in a generally linear configuration. Where, for example, in some embodiments, a plurality of sensors are positioned with respect to each other, centers of the sensors deviating from being positioned on a straight line by at most 1cm, or at most 0.1-2cm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate distances, or ranges.
  • plurality of sensors are disposed along an elongate surface of the elongate housing, e.g. for example, on the largest elongate surface, e.g. a surface parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the device and/or device housing.
  • a plane of the acoustically reflective surface (e.g. the target) is positioned in a direction having a component parallel to, or is at most 5-15 degrees from parallel to; one or more of a central longitudinal axis of the device and/or device housing (e.g. a plane of the device housing), and a best fit straight line connecting the plurality of sensors.
  • non-linear arrangements of sensor/s and/or non-parallel orientation of the plane of the acoustically reflective sensor are envisioned and encompassed.
  • the plane of the acoustically reflective surface is at an angle to a central longitudinal axis of the device and/or device housing, and a best fit straight line connecting the plurality of sensors e.g. the axis and/or plane intersecting the plane of the acoustically reflective surface.
  • the projectile tracking device is compact, for example, a long axis length of the projectile tracking device and/or housing of the device is 10-100cm, or 20-50cm, or 30-50cm, or about 40cm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate lengths, or ranges.
  • the device is lightweight, for example, weighing at most 100g-2kg, or 100g-1kg, or 100-500g, or 100-200g, or about 150g, or lower, or higher, or intermediate weights, or ranges.
  • a potential benefit of a small sized and/or lightweight projectile tracking device is portability of the device e.g. for arms training in different locations.
  • a tracking device includes more than one configuration.
  • the tracking device is expandable having a contracted configuration and an expanded configuration.
  • expansion of the device increases a distance between one or more sensor of the device.
  • the device includes a body where one or more portion configured to host a sensor has an adjustable distance from the body.
  • the device includes one or more portion which unfold (e.g. about hinge/s) from the body.
  • the device includes one or more portion which telescopically expands away from the body.
  • a kit includes a device body and a part which is attached to the body by one or more connector, the part in some embodiments, including an acoustic sensor e.g. where connection is a mechanical connection and optionally a data and/or power connection.
  • the part is rigidly fixed in position.
  • the expansion itself rigidly fixes the part e.g. the expanding activating a lock.
  • acoustic sensor measurements, a direction and/or position and/or distance of the shooter to the sensor/s is determined e.g. using a ballistic model.
  • an acoustic blast signal is identified in acoustic sensor measurements.
  • timing of the blast signal e.g. at different sensor/s
  • shockwave sensing is used to determine direction and/or distance and/or position of the shooter to the sensor/s.
  • the blast signal is the acoustic signal associated with launch of the projectile from the firearm.
  • acoustic sensors include different types of sensor. Where, for example, in some embodiments, a small number of higher sensitivity acoustic sensor/s are used to sense the blast signal (and optionally the shockwave), and additional sensor/s required for sensing of the shockwave are less sensitive.
  • the projectile is a bullet e.g. launched from a firearm.
  • the determined trajectory and/or position is communicated e.g. to one or more user.
  • user/s include a person launching the projectiles (e.g. person shooting the firearm).
  • user/s include another individual, e.g. a person involved in marksmanship training of the person shooting the gun.
  • a potential benefit of such feedback is increased speed of practice and/or training. For example, where user/s receive feedback on accuracy of marksmanship without physically having to check a target.
  • a particular advantage in long range target training e.g. sniper training e.g. where the target is separated from the user by more than 200m.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the disclosure relates to a modular system having a variable number of projectile sensing devices. Where the number of devices and/or positioning of the devices is selected based on a required sensitivity and/or size and/or shape of a zone in which projectiles are to be tracked.
  • a second projectile sensing device is orientated vertically and positioned outside a zone in which projectiles are expected, additional sensor measurements of the second device potentially increasing vertical resolution of the projectile tracking.
  • the projectile sensing devices of the modular system are connected e.g. to synchronize measurement timings e.g. directly and/or via an additional (e.g. external) processor.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the disclosure relates to a stand for a tracking device attachment and/or position next to a structure.
  • the structure provides one or more acoustically reflective surface for sensor/s of the device.
  • the stand is configured to support the device.
  • the stand is attached to a vehicle.
  • the stand is attached to and/or positioned next to (e.g. at a known separation from) a structure e.g. a stationary structure e.g. a building.
  • the device determines projectile trajectories to provide information to a user as to where a shooter or shooter/s are located and/or as to which portions of a vehicle and/or structure have been affected by the projectiles. For example, with time e.g. providing a record of a live fire incident indication system e.g. for military and/or law enforcement purposes.
  • a commercially available target stand is used. Where, in some embodiments, one or more element is used when supporting the tracking device using the stand. In some embodiments, a commercially available target stand is used where the stand is adjusted, for example, connection features are added to the stand. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, a stand has notches cut out of portion/s of the stand, the notches sized and shaped to hold the tracking device and positioned to hold the tracking device at a desired distance from the target and/or ground.
  • FIG. 1A is a simplified schematic of a projectile tracking system 100, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 100 includes a plurality of acoustic sensors 104, 106, 108.
  • sensors 104, 106, 108 have known position with respect to each other. For example, are rigidly attached to each other and/or to a stand.
  • sensors 104, 106, 108 are hosted by an electronic tracking device 102. Where, in some embodiments, sensors 104, 106, 108 are rigidly held in position by portion/s of electronic tracking device 102. For example, e.g. by connection to a housing 126 and/or internal connector/s.
  • tracking device 102 includes 3-10 acoustic sensors, or 3-5, or lower, or higher, or intermediate numbers of acoustic sensors.
  • a plurality of sensors 104, 106, 108 are arranged linearly. For example, along a surface 152 of housing 126.
  • system 100 includes additional acoustic sensor/s (not illustrated). Where, in some embodiments, the additional acoustic sensor/s are not part of and/or not rigidly attached to tracking device 102. In some embodiments, system 100 includes an additional array of sensors e.g. hosted by an additional tracking device, which, for example, includes one or more feature of tracking device 102. Where use of a plurality of tracking devices, in some embodiments, includes one or more feature as described regarding and/or illustrated in FIG. 18 .
  • tracking device housing 126 is elongate having a length 154, height 156, and width 158. Where length 154 is at least 1.5-50 times, or at least 1.5-20 times, or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges, or multiples, height 156 and/or width 158.
  • system 100 includes one or more processor 110, 116.
  • tracking device 102 hosts a processor 110.
  • system 100 e.g. tracking device 102
  • Suitable acoustic sensors include piezoelectric microphones, and/or microphones having high Acoustic Overload Point (AOP) e.g. able to measure pressures of up to 100dB, or up to 120dB, or up to 150dB, or up to 170dB.
  • AOP Acoustic Overload Point
  • a MEMS piezoelectric microphone is used for one or more sensor.
  • Vesper VM2020 microphones are used for one or more of the acoustic sensors.
  • one or more temperature sensor 120 are used to determine a speed of sound when determining projectile trajectory using sensed time of arrival of shockwaves to sensors.
  • a temperature sensor is shielded e.g. from the sun e.g. positioned on an underside of the device.
  • one or more wind gauge 120 For example, one or more wind gauge 120.
  • system 100 receives weather information e.g. publicly available weather information e.g. from the cloud e.g. to processor 116 and/or processor 110.
  • weather information includes one or more of temperature, humidity, wind speed/s.
  • tracking device 102 includes one or more user interface 122 e.g. a light which when illuminated indicates that the system is operational.
  • tracking device 102 includes a power supply 124 e.g. a battery and/or connectivity to a power supply 124 e.g. electrical circuitry for connection to an external power supply.
  • a power supply 124 e.g. a battery and/or connectivity to a power supply 124 e.g. electrical circuitry for connection to an external power supply.
  • tracking device processor 110 includes a memory. Which, for example, stores sensor measurement/s and/or instruction/s for operation of tracking device 102 element/s.
  • tracking device processor 110 is connected (to one or both of an external processor 116 (e.g. hosted at the cloud), an external memory 118, and a processor of an external electronic device 112.
  • an external processor 116 e.g. hosted at the cloud
  • an external memory 118 e.g., a processor of an external electronic device 112.
  • one or both of the connections include wireless connection e.g. where tracking device includes a transceiver connected to processor 110 and/or one or both of the connections include wired connections.
  • a plurality of tracking devices 102 together provide data e.g. to processor 116, data collected, in some embodiments, being used to generate and/or improve measurement accuracy and/or training e.g. training instructions and/or feedback.
  • data is used to analyze marksmanship and/or training of individual/s and/or groups of individuals (e.g. via organization).
  • electronic device 112 includes one or more user interface 114 (e.g. touchscreen of a cell phone). For example, for display information regarding accuracy of marksmanship e.g. as determined by system 100. For example, to receive inputs from user/s.
  • user interface 114 e.g. touchscreen of a cell phone.
  • electronic device 112 includes a personal computer and/or television equipment. Additionally or alternatively, electronic device 112 includes a portable personal electronic device e.g. laptop computer e.g. a cell phone e.g. tablet. In some embodiments, software for interaction with system 100 (e.g. an application) is downloaded onto electronic device 112.
  • FIG. 1B is a simplified schematic illustrating use of a projectile tracking system 100, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 100 includes one or more feature as illustrated in and/or described regarding FIG. 1A .
  • system 100 includes a projectile tracking device 102 which includes one or more feature as illustrated and/or described regarding tracking device 102 FIG. 1A e.g. a plurality of acoustic sensors 104, 106, 108.
  • system 100 includes an acoustically reflective surface 106 which, in some embodiments, forms a target.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary firearm 162 from which a projectile follows a path 128 (the projectile at different times occupying projectile positions 128, 129 ) to intercept target 106.
  • system 300 determines a position at which the projectile intercepts target 106 and/or (e.g. where the projectile misses the target) intercepts a plane of target 106 within a detection area 160.
  • determining of the intercept position is at a lower accuracy.
  • outside area 160 determining of the intercept position is a lower accuracy e.g. than when the projectile intercepts target 106 and/or area 160.
  • area 160 is centered around target 107 and/or device 102.
  • target 106 has a width 153 and a height 155.
  • width 153 in some embodiments, is 30-200cm, or 30-100cm, or 30-70cm, or about 50cm or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges.
  • height 155 in some embodiments, is 30-300cm, or 50-200cm, or 100-200cm, or 120-170cm, or about 150cm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges or heights.
  • width 153 is about 50cm and height 155 is about 150cm.
  • area 160 has a width 157 and a height 159.
  • width 157 and/or height 159 in some embodiments, is 100-400cm, or 100-300cm, or 150-250cm, or about 200cm or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges, or distances. Where, in an exemplary embodiment, width and height are both about 200cm.
  • tracking of a projectile hit to target 107 and/or passage across the plane of target 107 in area 160 is to an accuracy of 0.2-4cm, or 0.5-2cm, or 0.5-1.5cm, or about 1cm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate ranges, or accuracies.
  • accuracy is determined by distance between sensor/s 104, 106, 108 and target 106 (and/or other reflective surface/s).
  • a portion of a trajectory of the projectile e.g. proximal to target 102 is determined.
  • a location of firearm 162 and/or feature/s of location of firearm 162 e.g. a direction in which firearm 162 is located and/or a separation of the firearm (e.g. with respect to the sensor/s and/or target) is determined.
  • acoustic sensor signals For example, where, in some embodiments, direction of the firearm from the acoustic sensors is determined using a determined angle of a trajectory of the shockwave.
  • indication firearm 152 location feature/s are determined using a detected blast audio signal, the audio signal associated with ejection of the projectile from the firearm.
  • target 107 is a movable target (e.g. is moved by one or more actuator).
  • one or more sensor e.g. accelerometer
  • the tracking sensor data for example, used in determining distances between acoustic sensor/s and the target e.g. as an input to determining of projectile trajectory.
  • FIG. 2 is a method of projectile tracking, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • pressure measurements are received with time. For example, as measured by one or more sensor (e.g. one or more of sensors 104, 106, 108, FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1B ).
  • sensor e.g. one or more of sensors 104, 106, 108, FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1B .
  • one or more supersonic shockwave signature of a supersonically moving object also herein termed "projectile” (e.g. bullet) is identified in the pressure measurements.
  • projectile e.g. bullet
  • one or more reflected pressure wave signature from a reflecting object is identified in the pressure measurements.
  • arrival of a shockwave is identified as a rapid, high magnitude change in air pressure.
  • a rapid high magnitude increase in air pressure is followed by a rapid high magnitude reduction in air pressure.
  • the increase in air pressure followed by reduction having a characteristic "n-shape".
  • the changes are larger than ambient noise and/or occur more rapidly than fluctuations in pressure associated with noise.
  • identification of arrival of a shockwave is by monitoring acoustic sensor measurements, and comparing measured changes in air pressure with time with one or more threshold.
  • a change in pressure with time is characterized as a shockwave when one or more feature of the pressure measurement is over a threshold.
  • a shockwave when one or more feature of the pressure measurement is over a threshold.
  • more than one feature of the pressure measurement are used to characterize a change in pressure as arrival of a shockwave. For example, where more than one of the above list of features indicates a shockwave.
  • different threshold/s have different weights.
  • a maximum of a timing of a second derivative of the measurement signal is used as timing of arrival of the shockwave.
  • variations in pressure in a time window after identifying a shockwave are disregarded.
  • a potential advantage being reduction of false positive shockwave detection associated with sensor saturation and/or oscillation and/or system vibration/s associated with shockwave arrival.
  • the window is of an extent less than a minimum expected time to arrival of reflected shockwave/s.
  • a time of a pressure peak is used.
  • a time of a pressure minimum is used).
  • a time of rise in pressure to the peak is used.
  • a reflected shockwave is characterized as such by temporal proximity to a directly sensed shockwave. For example where a difference in time of arrival of the two shockwaves is below and/or above a threshold (e.g. within a time window).
  • a reflected shockwave is characterized as such by a reduced magnitude e.g. as compared to the directly sensed shockwave.
  • times of pressure peaks and/or minimums are used.
  • cross correlation between at least a portion (e.g. all of) the n-shaped pressure wave is used.
  • rises in pressure to the peaks are used.
  • a difference in time of arrival between shockwaves is determined.
  • the time difference is determined identifying timing of shockwave arrival (e.g. as described above) for each shockwave.
  • shockwave measurement signals e.g. the n-shaped characteristic shockwave signal of typical duration of 100-500ps, or about 300 ⁇ s
  • cross-correlation of shockwave measurement signals e.g. the n-shaped characteristic shockwave signal of typical duration of 100-500ps, or about 300 ⁇ s
  • shockwave measurement signals e.g. the n-shaped characteristic shockwave signal of typical duration of 100-500ps, or about 300 ⁇ s
  • At 206 at least a portion of a trajectory of the moving object is determined using timing of identified pressure wave signatures.
  • known position of sensor/s e.g. with respect to each other and/or with respect to one or more acoustically reflective surface
  • acquiring the pressure measurements is used in determining the trajectory.
  • a form of the conical shaped shockwave is determined. Including the angle of opening of the cone (Mach number) and/or trajectory of the conical shockwave to provide, in some embodiments, trajectory of the projectile.
  • FIG. 3A is a simplified schematic of a projectile tracking system 300, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 300 includes one or more feature as illustrated in and/or described regarding system 100 FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1B .
  • system 300 includes a first reflective surface 307 and a second reflective surface 344.
  • first reflective surface 307 is a target.
  • second reflective surface 344 is a ground surface.
  • ground surface 344 is sufficiently rigid and/or planar e.g. for a reflected shockwave to be identified from sensor measurement.
  • second reflective surface 344 is a component of system 300.
  • system 300 includes an acoustic sensor 346. Where, in some embodiments, system 300 includes additional non-illustrated sensor/s.
  • FIG. 3A in some embodiments, illustrates an exemplary projectile path along arrow 328. Where the projectile, for example, intercepts (and optionally passes through) a plane of target 307.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates the shockwave at discrete times where, for simplicity of discussion, the shockwave at different times is named successively "first shockwave” "second shockwave” "third shockwave”.
  • a first shockwave 330 is reflected from second reflective surface 344, being directed to sensor 346 along path 338.
  • a second shockwave 332 is directly sensed by sensor 346.
  • a third shockwave 336 is reflected from first reflective surface 307, being directed to sensor 346 along path 348.
  • reflection of the shockwave and subsequent sensing at sensor 346 generates virtual sensor/s 342, 352. Where first virtual sensor 342 is generated by reflection by surface 340 and second virtual sensor 352 is generated by sensed reflection at surface 307.
  • a virtual sensor associated with a sensor separated from a reflective surface is located "behind" the reflective surface at a same distance from the reflective surface as the sensor is from the reflective surface, the virtual sensor being a "reflection" of the sensor the acoustically reflective surface analogously acting as a mirror surface.
  • sensing of reflected shockwave/s is used where sensed direct shockwaves and reflected shockwaves are sufficiently spaced in time in sensor data to be identified separately.
  • temporal separation of sensed shockwaves depends on the length of paths of the shockwave to the sensor and a speed of movement of the projectile.
  • FIG. 3A (e.g. along with FIG. 3B introduced below), in some embodiments, is used to understand limiting situations for when it is possible to use virtual sensing in a real system, where, for example, sensor 346 has a relaxation time.
  • FIG. 3B is a simplified schematic of acoustic sensor measurement, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates pressure peaks 332, 330-338, 336 measured by sensor 346.
  • pressure peaks 332, 330-338, 336 correspond to measurement of the pressure shockwave along the paths numbered as such in FIG. 3A .
  • Pressure peaks 332, 330-338 in FIG 3A illustrate an embodiment where a reflected shockwave 330-338 arrives later than a direct shockwave 332: d 330 + d 338 C > d 1 V + d 332 C
  • d 330 , d 338 , d 332 are distances along path 330, path 338, path 332 respectively
  • C is the speed of sound
  • length d 1 is illustrated in FIG. 3A
  • V is a speed of movement of the projectile along path 328 (or at least portion d 1 of path 328 ).
  • time between arrival of the direct and reflected shockwave is at least the relaxation time of the sensor.
  • a distance d3 of sensor 346 to reflective surface 344 dominates this time difference e.g. as a difference in path lengths at the speed of sound for the shockwave to be travel is, at the least (allowing ⁇ to vary for different speed projectiles e.g., to a maximum of 90°) is double d 3 .
  • projectile speed of the projectile moving along path d2 is sufficiently high that the time difference between sensing of shockwave 332 and reflected shockwave 336-438 is dominated by difference in path length of the shockwaves at the speed of sound. So that, to identify both shockwaves from sensor 346 signal, path 348 is sufficiently long. Which, is geometrically limited by distance d 4 e.g. as explained regarding FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic illustrating shockwave sensing, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary shockwave sensing, which, in some embodiments, is used to select distance between a sensor 446 and a reflective surface 407. For example, to avoid temporal overlap between a sensed shockwave and its reflection.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary situation where a projectile path 428 and an angle of the shockwave with respect to reflective surface 407 results in a minimal distance d 5 for the reflected shockwave to travel before being re-sensed at sensor 446.
  • the situation illustrated in FIG. 3A is used to select a minimum d 4 spacing between one or more sensor 407 of a projectile tracking system and/or device according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure.
  • the distance 2d 4 /C in some embodiments, where C is the speed of sound, being at least the relaxation time of the sensor.
  • FIG. 5A is a simplified schematic of a projectile tracking system 500, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5A in some embodiments, illustrates different positioning of acoustic sensors 504, 506, 508, 586, 588, 590 with respect to a projectile trajectory 528
  • FIG. 5A in some embodiments, illustrates sequential arrival of shockwaves at a plane 517. Where the shockwave arrival at different discrete times is illustrated as dashed concentric circles 515; a first shockwave 519 arrives at plane 517 first, followed by second 521 and third 513 shockwaves respectively.
  • shockwaves 515 illustrating timing of sensing of shockwaves at the sensors.
  • accuracy of tracking is higher.
  • accuracy of trajectory tracking using sensors 504, 506, 508 e.g. and not sensors 588, 586, 590
  • accuracy of trajectory tracking using sensors 504, 506, 508 is higher than that using sensors 588, 586, 590 (e.g. and not 504, 506, 508 ) .
  • nearer sensors are able to track position of the projectile more accurately as a time difference between shockwave arrival at closer sensors is smaller, where acoustic path length difference is less (path length difference between path 536 and path 532 is less than path length difference between path 532 and 530 ).
  • acoustic path length difference is less (path length difference between path 536 and path 532 is less than path length difference between path 532 and 530 ).
  • FIG. 5A also visually illustrates advantages of placing sensors further apart from each other, as timing between sensed shockwaves increases with distance.
  • FIG. 5B is a simplified schematic of a projectile tracking system 500, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates two different projectile paths 528, 529. Where a first projectile path 528 is further away from a sensor 504 than a second projectile path 529. With first projectile path 528 sensor 504 senses both arrival of a direct shockwave along path 548 and a shockwave reflected from an acoustically reflective surface 507 along path 550. Whereas, second projectile path 529 and shockwave path 552 illustrate that sensor 504 is unable to sense a shockwave associated with projectile path 529 reflected from reflected surface 507. This issue could be resolved by decreasing a distance d 4 between sensor 504 and acoustically reflective surface 507.
  • FIG. 6A is a is a simplified schematic illustrating shockwave sensing, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6B is a simplified schematic of acoustic sensor measurement, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates exemplary sensing of a projectile (which moves along a path 628 ) shockwave sequentially by sensors 608, 606, 604 e.g. as illustrated by shockwave acoustic paths 630, 632, 636 to the respective sensors 608, 606, 604.
  • FIG. 6A also illustrates a system 600 where an acoustically reflective surface 607 (which in some embodiments is a target) provides virtual sensors 644, 652, 642, associated with real sensors 608, 606, 604 respectively.
  • an acoustically reflective surface 607 which in some embodiments is a target
  • virtual sensors 644, 652, 642, associated with real sensors 608, 606, 604 respectively are provided.
  • each real sensor 608, 606, 604 senses a shockwave reflection respectively along paths 632-658, 656-654, 634-640.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a top view of a system e.g. sensors 608, 606, 604 corresponding to sensors 104, 106, 108 FIG. 1A and/or sensors 708, 706, 704 FIG. 7 .
  • projectile trajectory 628 is above the sensors e.g. and the shockwave paths are as illustrated but angled into a plane of the page.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a side view of a system where sensors are arranged stacked on top of each other where e.g. target 607 is orientated extending generally vertically.
  • FIG. 6B illustrates plots of pressure with time for measurements of sensors 604, 606, 608.
  • spacing of sensors 608, 606, 604 from acoustically reflective surface 607 is sufficient to identify separately the direct shockwaves along paths 630, 636, 646, respectively from the reflected shockwaves along paths 632-658, 656-654, 634-640, respectively from sensor measurement signals.
  • sensors 608, 606, 604 are illustrated as being equidistant from acoustically reflective surface 607 it should be understood that other arrangements are envisioned and encompassed. For example, where a linear arrangement of sensors is orientated at an angle to the reflective surface 607. For example, where sensors are not arranged linearly e.g. triangular shape e.g. curved shape.
  • one or more of sensors 604, 606, 608 is separated from adjacent sensor/s by a distance d 6 , d 7 .
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified schematic of a projectile tracking system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 700 includes a tracking device 702.
  • tracking device 702 includes one or more feature as illustrated and/or described regarding tracking device 102 FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1B .
  • system 700 includes one or more acoustically reflective surface 706.
  • acoustically reflective surface 706 is a target.
  • acoustically reflective surface 706 includes material sufficiently rigid and/or planar to reflect acoustic shockwaves (e.g. in a predictable way e.g. without high levels of scattering).
  • acoustically reflective surface 706 includes cardboard and/or plastic and/or wood.
  • reflective surface 760 is a thin planar structure e.g. formed by a sheet of material.
  • acoustically reflective surface 706 is smooth and/or flat e.g. sufficiently to reflect projectile shockwaves.
  • smooth and/or flat defined as the surface (entire surface or at least 50% of the surface) deviating from planar by at most 5mm, or 4mm, or 1mm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate deviations or ranges.
  • smooth and/or flat defined as 1-20cm 2 of the surface from planar by at most 3mm, or at most 1mm, or lower, or higher, or intermediate deviations or ranges.
  • system 700 includes a stand 764. Where, in some embodiments, stand provides mechanical support for tracking device and/or target 706.
  • stand 764 holds tracking device 702 and/or target 706 in known spatial relationships with each other. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, stand 764 holds tracking device in a known spatial relationship with one or more additional reflective surface e.g. ground surface 744 e.g. one or more other reflective surface 751 (and/or one or more other reflective surface not illustrated).
  • additional reflective surface e.g. ground surface 744 e.g. one or more other reflective surface 751 (and/or one or more other reflective surface not illustrated).
  • system 700 includes one or more acoustically reflective surface element e.g. in addition to target 707.
  • an acoustically reflective surface 751 is attached to and/or part of target element 707.
  • acoustically reflective surface 751 is fixed into position e.g. a known position e.g. with respect to sensor/s of device 702.
  • stand 764 holds tracking device away from potential source/s of noise.
  • device 702 is held a height 782 above ground surface 784.
  • stand 764 includes one or more feet 776, 780.
  • feet 776, 780 are connected by one or more connector 778.
  • stand 764 holds device 702 within inlets 705, 711 in stand 764 structure.
  • stand feet 776, 780 host inlets 705, 711.
  • device housing 726 alternatively or additionally to stand inlets, includes inlets 705, 711. Where, in some embodiments stand inlets inlock with device housing inlets.
  • stand 764 holds target 707 within inlets 709, 713 in stand 764 structure.
  • stand feet 776, 780 host inlets 709, 713.
  • target 707 alternatively or additionally to stand inlets, includes inlets 709, 713.
  • stand inlets interlock with device housing inlets.
  • one or both of device 702 and target 770 are removably coupled to stand 764.
  • one or more connector (not illustrated) is employed to connect target 707 and/or device 702 to stand 764.
  • target 770 is an integral part and/or fixedly attached to stand 764.
  • stand 764 holds tracking device 702 and/or target 706 without protruding into a space between the target and one or more of (e.g. each of) the tracking device 706 sensors 704, 706, 708.
  • a potential benefit being reduction of sensor signal noise e.g. associated with shockwave reflection at object/s other than desired object/s e.g. target 706.
  • stand 764 is configured to hold device 702 in a plurality of positions e.g. for different system configurations.
  • device 702 is positioned closer to target 770 for sensing of slower projectiles and further away from the target for faster projectiles.
  • FIG. 8 is a method of marksmanship training, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a type of training is selected.
  • a plurality of users practice marksmanship together, physically and/or where one or more user is remote e.g. using a tracking system in a different geographical location that other user/s.
  • the plurality of users have shared feedback and/or communicate together regarding marksmanship training conducted.
  • training includes moving targets, and e.g. when it does include moving target/s, optionally the type of target movement is selected.
  • step 806 including features of feedback e.g. as described regarding step 806.
  • training is to increase user skill and/or to assist in weapon calibration.
  • feedback is used to adjust the weapon e.g. accuracy of weapon sight/s.
  • one or more training mode is selected where training modes vary in emphasis on timing (e.g. fast shooting) and/or skill.
  • a limited timescale for shooting is communicated to a user (e.g. via a user interface).
  • feedback is provided to the user regarding speed and/or accuracy.
  • a user is allowed a longer timescale (e.g. non-limited) e.g. for practicing increasing accuracy of marksmanship.
  • system equipment is selected. For example, including a projectile measurement device and/or stand and/or target are selected.
  • selection is automatic, where, for example, training type information is inputted (e.g. by a user e.g. through a user interface) and a processor determines which system equipment should be used (e.g. using a look-up table). The determined system equipment, in some embodiments, being communicated to user/s e.g. through a user interface.
  • system equipment parameter/s are determined and, optionally, in some embodiments, automatically implemented. For example, where, in some embodiments, where one or more system component has an adjustable position e.g. a projectile measurement device has adjustable sensor position e.g. a projectile measurement device has adjustable position with respect to another system element (e.g. reflective surface) one or more actuator moves the system component to a determined position (e.g. upon receiving a control signal from the processor)
  • one or more feature of selection is inputted and/or received by the system.
  • the selection feature/s in some embodiments, used in trajectory calculating (e.g. as described regarding step 206 FIG. 6 ).
  • a device position e.g. with respect to the stand
  • is selected/determined e.g. from a discrete set of possible positions
  • received by the system e.g. for use in trajectory calculations.
  • a number of projectile measurement devices are selected. For example, where the selection is based on a required accuracy and/or a range over which projectile measurement to a certain accuracy is required. For example, in some embodiments, where an increased accuracy is required than that provided by a single projectile measurement device, a second measurement device is used. Where measurements from the two devices are then used.
  • the projectile tracking system is set up.
  • one or more of; one or more projectile measurement devices, one or more acoustically reflective surfaces, and a stand are positioned e.g. with respect to each other and/or with respect to a scene in which measurements are to be conducted.
  • one or more calibration measurement is performed.
  • distance between the sensors e.g. where a projectile measurement device to be used is adjustable e.g. expandable.
  • a spatial relationship between sensor/s and the acoustically reflective surface/s is measured.
  • calibration measurement/s include optical measurements (e.g. a user collects images/s of the sensor and/or device and/or acoustically reflective surface) e.g. with a camera of a user mobile electronic device. Where the image/s are processed to identify sensor/s and/or reflective surfaces and/or marker/s marking position of element/s to determine spatial relationships between sensor/s and/or sensor/s and reflective surface/s.
  • optical measurements e.g. a user collects images/s of the sensor and/or device and/or acoustically reflective surface
  • the image/s are processed to identify sensor/s and/or reflective surfaces and/or marker/s marking position of element/s to determine spatial relationships between sensor/s and/or sensor/s and reflective surface/s.
  • one or more proximity sensors are used to measure distance/s and/or orientation between system part/s.
  • sensors are used in calibration and/or periodic recalibration of spatial relationship between sensor/s and/or sensor/s and reflective surface/s.
  • one or more sensor are used to measure a dynamic spatial relationship between an acoustically reflective surface and acoustic sensor/s and/or additional acoustically reflective surface/s.
  • one or more electronic device is data connected to the projectile measurement device/s.
  • one or more display e.g. for display of feedback to user/s.
  • a user mobile electronic device e.g. smartphone
  • is wired and/or wirelessly e.g. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RF
  • a plurality of measurement devices are connected to each other, e.g. data connected, for example, as described regarding FIG. 18 .
  • one or more of steps 800-806 are performed for a second projectile measurement system.
  • a second projectile measurement system For example, to provide concurrent projectile measurement at a plurality of systems and/or targets.
  • a single user aims at a plurality of targets.
  • a plurality of users aim at two or more targets (e.g. group firearms training e.g. each user aiming at their own target).
  • projectiles are launched towards the target.
  • one or more users e.g. more than one user in a group training embodiment
  • one or more firearm e.g., a firearm that uses one or more firearm.
  • user/s receive feedback which is displayed on electronic device/s e.g. those connected at step 806.
  • the feedback includes a determined projectile trajectory portion/s, for one or more projectile.
  • the trajectory/ies are displayed on a rendition of the scene.
  • training instructions are supplied, for example, generated based on the measured trajectory/ies e.g. to improve aim of the user/s.
  • feedback is provided one or more of instantaneously and/or periodically e.g. per shot, per volley of shots, per time period.
  • feedback includes one or more of visual, audio, and haptic feedback.
  • a graphical representation of the target is displayed to the user including an indication of determined bullet (or other ammunition round) trajectory/ies e.g. a position where the bullet hit the target (and/or passed a plane of the target) is displayed.
  • weapon calibration is performed. For example, where user fires a plurality of times and feedback is provided to the user as to how to adjust the firearm e.g. adjustment of firearm sight/s.
  • Measurements were acquired using a Vesper VM2020 MEMS Microphone/s.
  • FIG. 9 is a plot of acoustic measurement 900 with time, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 in some embodiments is a plot of an acoustic sensor measurement 900. Where the sensor was positioned about 20cm away from an acoustically reflective surface. Where a first shockwave 902 is measured followed by sensing of a reflection 904 of the shockwave. Where time between shockwaves 906 is about 407 ⁇ s.
  • FIG. 10 is a plot of acoustic measurements 1002, 1004 with time, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • acoustic measurement 1002 is of a projectile direct shockwave 1006 and a reflected shockwave 1008 where the sensor is separated 7cm from an acoustically reflective surface.
  • acoustic measurement 1004 is of a projectile direct shockwave 1010 and a reflected shockwave 1012 where the sensor is separated 20cm from an acoustically reflective surface.
  • sensor noise oscillations in some embodiments, have reduced sufficiently for the reflected shockwave to be identified from the sensor signal at a separation of 20cm, but not for a separation of 7cm.
  • FIG. 11 is a plot of acoustic measurements 1100, 1102, 1104 with time, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • measurements 1100, 1102, 1104 are each by a different acoustic sensor.
  • FIG. 11 in some embodiments, illustrates acoustic sensing of a projectile shockwave 1106 followed an acoustic signal of a blast 1108 associated with launch of the projectile.
  • Different magnitudes of measurements related to differences between sensors (e.g. different calibration e.g. zeroing calibration) and/or sensitivity. Differences of magnitude and/or timing of arrival of the shockwave 1106 signal and/or blast signal 1108 related to different distances between the sensors and the projectile and/or launch position of the projectile
  • FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1200, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1200 includes one or more feature as illustrated in and/or described regarding system 100 FIG. 1A and/or system 100 FIG. 1B , and/or of system 300 FIG. 3A and/or system 500 FIG. 5A-B and/or of system 600 FIG. 6A and/or of system 700 FIG. 7 .
  • system 1200 includes an acoustically reflective surface 1207. In some embodiments, system 1200 includes one or more additional acoustically reflective surface 1244.
  • system 1200 includes a stand 1264. Which, in some embodiments, positions a projectile tracking device 1202 away from one or more reflective surface 1207, 1244.
  • projectile tracking device 1202 includes sensors which sense in a limited range of directions. For example, sensing extending away from a plane on which the sensor is located e.g. in a hemispherical shape.
  • shockwaves are sensed by sensors located on different sides of projectile tracking device 1202. For example, providing increased measurement information, e.g. for a given size device 1202.
  • sensors are disposed in a direction so that they sense the acoustic shockwave and reflections of that shockwave from an acoustically reflective surface.
  • a first set of sensors 1204, 1206, 1208, 1286, 1288, 1290 sensing reflections from a first acoustically reflective surface 1207 and a second set of sensors 1292, 1294 sensing reflections from a second acoustically reflective surface 1244.
  • projectile tracking device 1202 includes a plurality of sensors 1204, 1206, 1208, 1286, 1288, 1290 disposed on a first surface 1291 of projectile tracking device 1202.
  • projectile tracking device 1202 includes one or more sensor 1292, 1294 disposed on a second surface 1293 of projectile tracking device.
  • surfaces 1291, 1293 are formed by a housing 1226 of projectile tracking device.
  • surfaces 1291, 1293 are opposite sides of projectile tracking device.
  • two planes describing the surfaces e.g. best fit planes to the surfaces
  • two planes intersecting the sensors on each of the surfaces at most 20 degrees, or at most 10 degrees, or lower, or higher, or intermediate angles, from parallel to each other.
  • projectile tracking device 1202 is positioned with respect to first reflective surface 1207 so that sensors 1204, 1206, 1208, 1286, 1288, 1290 are each separated from first reflective surface 1207.
  • projectile tracking device 1202 is positioned with respect to second reflective surface 1244 so that sensors 1292, 1226, 1294 are each separated from second reflective surface 1244.
  • stand 1264 holds device 1202 away from both reflective surfaces 1207, 1244 without extending into a volume of space between the device and the reflective surface/s, at least in a region of sensors of the device 1202.
  • stand feet 1264, 1280 are not connected in a space extending between device 1202 and reflective surface 1244 and/or reflective surface 1207.
  • the sensors of device 1202 include sensors having different sensitivities. For example, one or more higher sensitivity sensor for sensing of blast signals at distance (e.g. more than 100m) from the device.
  • FIG. 13 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1300, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1300 includes one or more sensor 1304, 1306, 1308, 1392 configured to detect directly incident acoustic signals.
  • system 1300 includes one or more sensors (e.g. sensors 1304, 1306, 1308), which are configured to only detect directly incident acoustic signals. For example, are configured not to detect reflected shockwaves e.g. where shockwaves reflected from acoustically reflected surface/s are blocked e.g. by portion/s of the system and/or a geometrical region in which the sensors are able to sense is directed away from direction/s of reflected shockwaves.
  • sensors 1304, 1306, 1308 are located on a side of a body 1326 of device 1302 facing away from acoustically reflective surface 1307 e.g. an outer side of body 1326 extending away from acoustically reflective surface 1307 where body 1326 blocks reflected shockwave path to sensors 1304, 1306, 1308.
  • system 1300 includes one or more sensor 1386, 1388, 1390 configured to detect reflected shockwaves and, for example, not to detect directly incident shockwaves. Detecting, for example, reflected shockwaves from one or more acoustically reflective surface.
  • system 1300 includes one or more sensors (e.g. sensors 1386, 1388, 1390 ) , which are configured to only detect reflected shockwaves. For example, where direct shockwaves are blocked e.g. by portion/s of the system and/or a geometrical region in which the sensors are able to sense is directed away from direction/s of direct shockwaves.
  • sensors 1386, 1388, 1390 are located on a side of a body 1326 of device 1302 facing towards acoustically reflective surface 1307 e.g. an inner side of body 1326 where body 1326 blocks direct shockwave path to sensors 1304, 1306, 1308.
  • one or more sensor is obscured from acoustic signals in one or more direction.
  • additional system element/s (not illustrated) positioned shielding the sensor in one or more direction.
  • the additional system element/s in some embodiments are connected to measurement device 1302.
  • a potential advantage of sensors sensing one of a directly incident and a reflected shockwave is an ability to sense a direct shockwave and a reflected shockwave where there is a small time separation between the shockwave detections and even when they are sensed simultaneously. Where relation time of the sensor/s does not affect the ability to separately sense a direct and reflected shockwave e.g. in a same and/or similar (e.g. 1-5cm separation) location. Where, for example, in some embodiments, distance of a sensor sensing reflected shockwaves is not required to be sufficient for relaxation time of the sensor.
  • FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1400 according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1400 includes a tracking device 1402.
  • tracking device 1402 includes one or more feature as illustrated and/or described regarding tracking device 102 FIG. 1A and/or FIG. 1B and/or tracking device 702 FIG. 7 and/or tracking device 1202 FIG. 12 , and/or tracking device 1302 FIG. 13 .
  • system 1400 includes a stand 1464. Where, in some embodiments, stand provides mechanical support for tracking device 1402.
  • stand 1464 is attached to one or more acoustically reflective surfaces 1407, 1444.
  • one or more of the acoustically reflective surfaces is provided by an object e.g. an external surface of an object.
  • exemplary objects include vehicles and stationary structures (e.g. buildings).
  • system 1400 includes one or more acoustically reflective surface which is, for example, attached to the object e.g. where object surface/s are not sufficiently acoustically reflective (suitable characteristics of acoustically reflective surface/s e.g. as described regarding acoustically reflective surface 706 FIG. 7 ).
  • stand 1464 holds device 1402 away from one or more acoustically reflective surface 1407, 1444 at distances d4 and d3 respectively e.g. according to one or more features of position of acoustic sensors of devices with respect to acoustically reflective surfaces as described elsewhere in this document.
  • stand 1464 includes one or more arm 1476, 1480 for attachment of stand 1464 to surface 1407.
  • arms 1476, 1480 are connected by one or more connector (not illustrated).
  • stand 1464 includes one or more foot (not illustrated) to provide support to stand e.g. from surface 1444 (which in some embodiments is a ground surface 1444 ).
  • connection and/or support of device 1402 by stand 1464 includes one or more feature as illustrated and/or described regarding device 702 and stand 764 FIG. 7 and/or device 1202 and stand 1264 FIG. 12 and/or device 1302 and stand 1364 FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a method of projectile sensing, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • acoustic sensors are positioned at a distance from one or more acoustically reflective surfaces.
  • an acoustically reflective surface of the one or more acoustically reflective surfaces is a surface of an object e.g. a vehicle e.g. a building.
  • acoustic sensors e.g. of a tracking device are attached to the object.
  • acoustic measurement signals from the sensors including measurement supersonic shockwave/s and reflection of the shockwave/s from the acoustically reflective surface/s.
  • the received acoustic measurement signals are used to determine at least a portion of a trajectory of a projectile e.g. the determining including one or more feature of step 206 FIG. 2 .
  • determining is, for example, of a position of projectile impact with the object and/or direction from which the projectile arrives and/or location of the projectile launch.
  • FIG. 16 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1600, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1600 includes one or more projectile sensing device 1602, 1603.
  • a structure 1662 e.g. building
  • the device/s 1602, 1603 are connected provides acoustically reflecting surfaces 1606, 1607 respectively.
  • FIG. 17 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1700, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1700 includes one or more projectile sensing device 1702.
  • a structure 1784 e.g. vehicle to which the device/s 1702 are connected provides acoustically reflecting surface/s 1784.
  • FIG. 18 is a simplified schematic of a projectile sensing system 1800, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • system 1800 includes a plurality of projectile sensing devices 1802, 1803. Where each projectile sensing device includes a housing, a plurality of sensors 1804, 1806, 1808, 1886, 1888, 1892, and a processor 1810, 1892.
  • a second projectile sensing device 1803 is positioned outside an expected projectile zone. For example, at a distance 1896, 1894 of at least 20 cm, or 20-500cm, or 20-200cm, or lower or higher or intermediate distances or ranges away from a first projectile sensing device 1802 and/or a target 1807.
  • First projectile sensing device 1802 and/or target 1807 each including, in some embodiments, one or more feature of projectile sensing devices and/or targets as described and/or illustrated elsewhere in this document.
  • second projectile sensing device 1803 is positioned vertically where sensors 1892, 1888, 1886 and/or a second projectile sensing device elongate housing are aligned with a vertical axis and/or are orientated at an angle between 80-110 degrees of a surface 1844 on which the system is positioned.
  • a potential advantage of such orientation of the second projectile sensing device is the ability to increase vertical accuracy of projectile tracking, for example, while having minimal risk of being impacted by a projectile.
  • second projectile sensing device 1803 is supported by a stand 1894. Where second projectile sensing device 1803 is positioned at a height 1895 above surface 1844.
  • system 1800 is a modular system including the ability to use a plurality of projectile sensing devices 1802, 1803 in projectile sensing. Where, for example, depending on a tracking accuracy and/or a size and/or shape of a required tracking region, a number of projectile sensing devices are selected and positioned.
  • the selected plurality of projectile sensing devices 1802, 1803 are each data connected to an external processor 1816 (and therefrom, for example, to a user interface e.g. processor 1816 including one or more feature of processor 116 FIG. 1A ).
  • processor 1816 uses measurement data provided by the plurality of projectile sensing devices to determine projectile trajectory/ies.
  • processors 1810, 1890 of the projectile sensing devices are connected. For example, for temporal co-ordination of sensing with the device potentially increasing tracking accuracy.
  • compositions, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.
  • a compound or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.
  • range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP23188156.6A 2022-07-27 2023-07-27 Suivi compact de projectile supersonique Pending EP4312050A1 (fr)

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