EP4309379A1 - Mems-schallwandler mit ausnehmungen und auskragungen - Google Patents
Mems-schallwandler mit ausnehmungen und auskragungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4309379A1 EP4309379A1 EP22713670.2A EP22713670A EP4309379A1 EP 4309379 A1 EP4309379 A1 EP 4309379A1 EP 22713670 A EP22713670 A EP 22713670A EP 4309379 A1 EP4309379 A1 EP 4309379A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- surrounding structure
- projections
- recesses
- mems
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/003—Mems transducers or their use
Definitions
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure relate to MEMS acoustic transducers with recesses and cantilevers. Further exemplary embodiments relate to MEMS sound transducers with microstructures for air damping.
- MEMS loudspeakers are based on the displacement of air through the lifting or bending movement of an actuator. The sound level generated is proportional to the volume of air displaced.
- An embodiment of a MEMS loudspeaker with piezoelectrically driven, vertically moving microactuators is shown in Fig. 1 (from F. Stoppel, A. Maennchen, F. Niekiel, D. Beer, T. Giese, I. Pieper, D. Kaden, S. Grünzig, B. Wagner, Piezoelectric MEMS loudspeakers for in-ear applications, MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2019, Berlin, 182-185; DE10 2017 208 911).
- the MEMS loudspeaker has a chip frame 110, for example a substrate, and actuators 120 clamped on the chip frame 110.
- the actuators are two-layer, formed from a layer of piezoelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) 130 and a layer of polysilicon 140 .
- Decoupling slots 150 are arranged between the actuators. During the deflection (below), the actuators can move decoupled from one another through the decoupling slots 150 .
- the sound-generating actuator structure is not formed by a closed membrane, but by a plurality of actuators 120 separated by narrow slits 150 .
- the moving MEMS actuator structures can have high resonance qualities (excessive vibration amplitudes) with values in the range of 100.
- the generated sound pressure level can have sharp resonance peaks in the frequency response, which can lead to acoustic distortions (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).
- Fig. 2 shows sound pressure level (SPL) in dB of the MEMS loudspeaker, measured in an ear simulator at different drive voltages with and without equalizer (EQ) filter over the frequency in Hz.
- the lower solid line describes a sound pressure level at one volt with an EQ filter
- the dotted line a sound pressure level at one volt without EQ filter
- the upper solid line a sound pressure level at ten volts with EQ filter.
- the sound pressure level at one volt with no EQ filter shows a large peak at just over 8000 Hz.
- Figure 2 shows that electronic filters can smooth the sound pressure level.
- the distortions, ie the rattling of the loudspeaker cannot be reduced by this measure (see FIG. 3).
- Fig. 3 shows harmonic distortion in % at 1 V amplitude with EQ filter (corresponds to approx. 85 dB SPL) over frequency in Hz.
- Fig. 3 are the total harmonic distortion (THD - Total Harmonic Distortion) and components of individual harmonics applied to the distortion factor (k2, k3, k5).
- the values plotted indicate a ratio of, for example, an undesired component of harmonics in the signal.
- 3 shows high peaks of the distortion and the components of the distortion factor in the range of just under 2000 Hz and in the range of slightly more than 3000 Hz.
- Figure 3 shows that EQ filters cannot smooth out this signal distortion.
- the converter can thus, among other things, generate short pulses using the pulse-echo method or send or receive modulated signals using the continuous-wave (continuous wave) method.
- the object of the present disclosure is to create a concept that makes it possible to specifically dampen resonances of actuators of MEMS sound transducers.
- MEMS acoustic transducers for generating sound with an actuator that is separated from a surrounding structure by one or more gaps and is configured to perform a relative movement between the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the MEMS sound transducer further has the surrounding structure, wherein the actuator and the surrounding structure have a plurality of recesses and projections, the plurality of projections associated with the actuator in the plurality of recesses associated with the surrounding structure, and / or the plurality of projections associated with the surrounding structure in the plurality of recesses associated with the actuator are interdigitated, the interdigitated elements being separated by one or more gaps.
- Exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure are based on the core idea of enabling frequency-dependent signal damping of a MEMS sound transducer by arranging recesses and projections, e.g. in the form of interlocking meanders.
- a gas for example air (generally a medium) located in the gap between the actuator and the surrounding structure is displaced. This leads to (air) friction, which in turn dampens the actuator.
- the speed of the gas in the gap is dependent on the oscillation frequency of the actuator.
- the speed-dependent and thus frequency-dependent damping can be used to damp certain frequencies of the MEMS sound transducer. This advantageously enables the sound transducer or the acoustic properties to be optimized.
- a MEMS loudspeaker can suppress rattling that cannot be filtered electronically or only with difficulty (see, for example, FIG. 3).
- the damping is dependent on the overlapping surfaces of the actuator and the surrounding structure, which move past one another as a result of the relative movement, and on the distance between the overlapping surfaces of the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the overlapping surfaces are the surfaces of the actuator or the surrounding structure which are directly opposite the surrounding structure or the actuator and which move past one another as a result of the relative movement.
- these surfaces of the actuator and the surrounding structure can be formed parallel to one another and move parallel to each other or at least partially parallel to each other by the relative movement.
- this area is increased by the use of interlocking projections and/or depressions, for example with additional plate structures on the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the damping can be increased by a small distance between the surfaces.
- exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure are based on the idea of integrating additional fluidic structures, for example plate structures and/or projections and/or recesses, through which the MEMS sound transducer, e.g. designed as a loudspeaker, is damped by means of a viscous gas flow or air flow becomes.
- additional fluidic structures for example plate structures and/or projections and/or recesses, through which the MEMS sound transducer, e.g. designed as a loudspeaker, is damped by means of a viscous gas flow or air flow becomes.
- the interlocking elements are separated by one or more gaps in such a way that the interlocking elements have a damping function, ie, for example, the previously explained damping, during a relative movement between the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the actuator has the plurality of recesses and projections associated with the actuator along at least 50%, or along at least 75%, or at least along 90%, or at least along 99%, or along 100% of the one or more gaps.
- the surrounding structure may have the plurality of recesses and projections associated with the surrounding structure along at least 50%, or along at least 75%, or at least along 90%, or at least along 99%, or along 100% of the one or more gaps.
- the surrounding structure is formed by a substrate.
- the actuator can, for example, be etched directly out of the substrate and be provided with projections and recesses, which engage in corre sponding structures of the substrate.
- the plurality of recesses and projections are formed as microstructures having a height/width aspect ratio greater than 5, wherein the height is a height orthogonal to a surface of the actuator or surrounding structure on which the projection is disposed net is.
- the width is a width parallel to the surface of the actuator or the surrounding structure on which the projection is arranged.
- a high aspect ratio can increase viscous friction and thus damping.
- the area between the actuator and the surrounding structure, which contributes to friction can be increased, e.g. for a desired frequency range, and at the same time, for example, the distance between the elements can be reduced in order to further increase damping.
- the aspect ratio does not only apply to the heights of structures, but analogously to the corresponding depths, for example in the case of recesses.
- recesses and/or projections can have corresponding heights or depths, for example in particular orthogonally to the direction of movement of the actuator, wherein the width of the recess or structure can be aligned parallel to the direction of movement.
- the actuator has a piezoelectric or magnetic or electrostatic drive.
- the actuator can be formed by a bending transducer.
- the piezoelectric drive can, for example, preferably be implemented using integrated piezoelectric layers, e.g. for applications as MEMS loudspeakers.
- Piezoelectric drives can have advantages in terms of short response times, high acceleration and low energy requirements.
- exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure are not limited to piezoelectric drives, but allow the use of drive concepts that are particularly advantageous for an application, for example selectively electrostatic or magnetic concepts or principles.
- the configuration of the actuator as, for example, a piezoelectric flexural transducer or flexural actuator can have advantages with regard to travel and actuating force, as well as reliability.
- the projections of the plurality of projections have a height of more than 50 ⁇ m, the height is a height orthogonal to a surface of the actuator or surrounding structure on which the respective cantilever is located.
- the design of the height of the projections according to the disclosure enables sufficient damping for at least partial suppression of, for example, undesired rattling (see FIG. 3).
- an advantageous aspect ratio of projections and corresponding recesses can be achieved, so that the viscous gas friction enables the desired damping.
- the plurality of protrusions are formed as columns and/or ridges and the plurality of recesses are formed as holes and/or slots.
- Columns and ridges, as well as corresponding holes and slots can be implemented using inexpensive and sophisticated manufacturing processes, so that a corresponding MEMS sound transducer can be manufactured in large numbers and/or inexpensively.
- corresponding structures such as columns or combs enable an advantageous aspect ratio in order to be able to adjust the damping to a sufficiently high level, for example in accordance with the requirements of an application.
- holes and slots corresponding to the columns and ridges allow very small distances between the respective elements, which in turn can be advantageous for damping.
- the plurality of cavities and protrusions are composed of at least one of a semiconductor, such as silicon, silicon compounds, metals, or polymers. This enables easy manufacturability with conventional MEMS manufacturing technologies.
- MEMS transducers according to the disclosure enable the use of readily available materials whose associated manufacturing processes are technically mature, so that a corresponding MEMS transducer can be manufactured at low cost and with high quality.
- the MEMS acoustic transducer is configured to emit an acoustic signal when excited with an electrical signal.
- An embodiment of the MEMS sound transducer as a MEMS loudspeaker according to the disclosure makes it possible to solve problems, for example with previous loudspeakers, for example in Regarding clanking, correct or at least mitigate through the multitude of recesses and projections.
- the MEMS sound transducer is designed to generate signals in a frequency range of at least 20 Hz and/or up to 20 kHz.
- the MEMS sound converter can be designed as a MEMS ultrasonic converter.
- a MEMS ultrasonic transducer according to the disclosure can be designed to generate signals in a frequency range of at least 20 kHz and/or up to 100 MHz.
- the design of the MEMS sound transducer for a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, or in other words, for the frequency range that people can hear, enables the use of the sound transducer in acoustic applications such as in-ear headphones, smartphones or headsets.
- a high audio quality can be achieved, for example.
- a MEMS ultrasonic transducer according to the disclosure can also achieve a high bandwidth by damping harmonic distortions for high frequencies, so that short pulses can be generated for measurement methods such as pulse-echo methods, or modulated signals can be sent for continuous-wave methods.
- the one or more gaps have a width less than 20 pm, less than 10 pm, less than 5 pm, or generally have a width ranging from 0.1 pm to 20 pm .
- the width of the gap can be, for example, a width in the lateral direction or horizontal direction of the component or MEMS sound transducer.
- the actuator is designed as a bending actuator, and the bending actuator and the surrounding structure face each other laterally in one plane.
- the bending actuator is clamped at least on one side relative to the surrounding structure and is designed to carry out the relative movement between the bending actuator and the surrounding structure, at least partially perpendicular to the plane, with one end of the bending actuator.
- a large number of recesses and/or projections in the form of a first comb structure are formed at the moving end of the bending actuator in the common plane of the bending actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the surrounding structure On a side facing the moving end of the bending actuator, the surrounding structure has a multiplicity of recesses and/or projections in the form of a second comb structure, with the first and second comb structures being designed such that they engage in one another.
- a corresponding MEMS sound transducer By arranging the actuator and the surrounding structure laterally in a plane, a corresponding MEMS sound transducer according to the disclosure can be formed perpendicular to the plane with a small installation space requirement.
- a bending actuator By using a bending actuator, high sound pressure levels that are advantageous for certain applications, for example, can also be generated. Due to the lever movement, the relative movement of the actuator can take place partially perpendicularly to the surrounding structure, so that, for example, the overlapping surfaces can also be partially perpendicularly moved past one another.
- the bending actuator can be surrounded by the surrounding structure at several ends, so that, for example, recesses and projections can be arranged, for example in the form of a comb structure, on several sides of the actuator that perform a relative movement in relation to the surrounding structure.
- projections and recesses for example in the form of the second comb structure, can additionally or alternatively be formed on the corresponding sides of the surrounding structure, so that the recesses and projections of the actuator and the projections and recesses of the surrounding structure mesh.
- the actuator is designed as a lifting actuator and the lifting actuator and the surrounding structure are arranged in one plane.
- the lifting actuator is designed to carry out the relative movement between the lifting actuator and the surrounding structure, perpendicular to the plane, and has a large number of recesses and/or projections in the form of a first comb structure along its circumference in the plane.
- the surrounding structure on one, the first Comb structure side facing a plurality of recesses and / or projections in the form of a second comb structure, wherein the first and second comb structure are formed so that they engage.
- Such a MEMS sound transducer according to the disclosure can have a small installation space requirement in the direction of the plane in which the actuator and the surrounding structure are arranged, or in other words orthogonally to the direction of movement of the actuator.
- the stroke actuator can also be designed, for example, as a piston-shaped actuator.
- the actuator is arranged in a first plane and the surrounding structure is arranged in a second plane, the first and second planes being parallel to one another and the actuator being configured to limit the relative movement between the actuator and the surrounding structure perpendicular to the first and second planes.
- the actuator has a large number of projections in the form of columns and/or ridges, the columns and/or ridges being arranged perpendicular to the parallel planes on a surface of the actuator facing the surrounding structure.
- the surrounding structure has a multiplicity of recesses in the form of holes and/or slots, the columns and/or ridges of the actuator and the holes and/or slots of the surrounding structure being designed to interlock.
- Forming the surrounding structure with holes and/or slits enables the recess to be shaped, for example, easily and inexpensively, since a specific depth of the etching does not have to be ensured, e.g. by means of an etching process.
- a MEMS sound transducer according to the disclosure can be designed with a small installation space requirement, e.g. by the interlocking of the columns and/or combs with the slits and/or holes, since these slide past one another, separated by a gap, e.g. quasi-positively due to the relative movement be able.
- further recesses and/or projections can be arranged in the plane of the actuator, around the actuator, which in turn are arranged interlocking with corresponding projections and/or recesses of the surrounding structure or another surrounding structure.
- the surrounding structure structure is arranged in a first level and the actuator in a second level, the first and the second plane are parallel to each other.
- the actuator is designed to perform the relative motion between the actuator and the surrounding structure perpendicular to the first and second planes.
- the surrounding structure has a large number of projections in the form of columns and/or ridges, the columns and/or ridges being arranged perpendicular to the parallel planes on a surface of the surrounding structure facing the actuator.
- the actuator has a multiplicity of recesses in the form of holes and/or slots, the columns and/or ridges of the surrounding structure and the holes and/or slots of the actuator being designed in such a way that they engage with one another.
- the actuator can, for example, only partially be designed as a perforated and/or slotted plate. This can, for example, bring advantages with regard to the achievable sound pressure. Furthermore, etching out pillars and/or ridges from, for example, an immovable substrate, which forms the surrounding structure, can have manufacturing advantages.
- MEMS acoustic transducers for generating sound with an actuator which is separated from a surrounding structure by one or more gaps. Furthermore, the MEMS sound transducer has the surrounding structure. In this case, the actuator is designed to carry out a relative movement between the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the structures of the actuator and/or the surrounding structure have the multiplicity of recesses and projections, with the multiplicity of projections belonging to the actuator and/or belonging to the plate structures of the actuator extending into the multiplicity of recesses belonging to the surrounding structure and/or or associated with the plate structures of the surrounding structure and/or the plurality of projections associated with the surrounding structure and/or associated with the plate structures of the surrounding structure are interdigitated into the plurality of recesses associated with the actuator and/or associated with the plate structures of the actuator with the interlocking elements being separated by one or more gaps.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a MEMS loudspeaker in the non-deflected (top) and deflected state (bottom);
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic top view of a MEMS acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with comb-shaped recesses and projections on the edge of the actuator and the surrounding structure, which has a fixed element;
- FIG. 7 shows a modification of the MEMS sound transducer from FIG. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with plate structures with projections and recesses; 8 shows a schematic side view of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with columns or vertical comb structures on the actuator and a perforated or slotted plate as a fixed element; and
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with an actuator with a perforated plate and columns and/or combs on a fixed element.
- 5 shows a schematic top view of a MEMS acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 5 shows the MEMS acoustic transducer 500 with an actuator 510 separated by a gap 520 from a surrounding structure 530 (e.g. the substrate).
- a surrounding structure 530 e.g. the substrate
- the actuator 510 and the surrounding structure 530 have a plurality of projections 510-1, 530-1 and recesses 510-2, 530-2, wherein the plurality of projections 510-1 associated with the actuator into the plurality of recesses 530- 2 associated with the surrounding structure and/or the plurality of projections 530-1 associated with the surrounding structure are interleaved within the plurality of recesses 510-2 associated with the actuator, the interleaved elements being separated by the gap 520.
- the actuator 510 is designed to carry out a relative movement between the actuator 510 and the surrounding structure 530, perpendicular to the image plane. Due to the relative movement, the actuator 510 can generate an acoustic signal from an electrical excitation. Due to the projections 510-1, 530-1 and recesses 510-2, 530-2, the MEMS sound transducer has large areas between the moving actuator 510 and the giving structure 530, which allow a frequency-dependent damping by viscous gas damping. Due to the arrangement, the gap 520 can be chosen to be very narrow, which in turn can have a positive effect on a desired damping. As a result, certain frequency ranges that exhibit high levels of distortion, for example, can be attenuated.
- the projections 510-1, 530-1 and recesses 510-2, 530-2 can be designed in a large number of variations.
- Exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure include trigonometric profiles of the projections 510 - 1 and recesses 510 - 2 or of the projections 530 - 1 and recesses 530 - 2 as shown in FIG. 5 .
- exemplary embodiments also have MEMS sound transducers with projections and recesses with ridges, columns, meanders, pegs or triangles.
- Projections and recesses according to the invention are designed, for example, in such a way that the length of the gap 520 and the area between the actuator 510 and the surrounding structure 530 is as large as possible in order to increase the damping.
- the actuator 510 can be designed as a multi-part actuator, or in other words can have a multi-part membrane.
- the actuator 510 may be formed of two layers, a layer of piezoelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) and a layer of polysilicon.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of viscous air damping of a plate during parallel movement close to a fixed plate element, e.g. with regard to the distance between the plates and the plate surface, and thereby illustrates the sectional view through the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- the surface of the elements actuator and opposing structure, dictated here as a plate, are maximized according to exemplary embodiments by means of meander structures or generally recesses and projections.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a plate 410 of the surrounding structure, which has a fixed element and a plate 420 of the actuator.
- the fixed element can be, for example, an immovable part of the surrounding structure, or the surrounding structure itself.
- the fixed element can, for example, be a substrate.
- the two plates are spaced apart by a distance d 430 .
- the plate 420 of the actuator has a relative speed vplate 440 so that it moves parallel to the plate 410 of the surrounding structure past it.
- a velocity distribution 450 of the velocity of the air V air in the space between the two plates 410, 420 is plotted between the plates 410, 420. If the distance d 430 of the plates is small compared to the plate dimensions, the velocity of the air from the fixed plate 410 to the moving plate 420 can increase linearly from zero to the value v.
- the layers of air between the plates can therefore slide past one another at different speeds. This can result in a friction force F r that can be calculated using Newton's law of friction
- A is the overlap of the plate surfaces
- d is the plate spacing 430
- v is the speed 440 of the moving plate (vplate)
- h is the viscosity of the air.
- the frictional force is proportional to the speed 440 of the moving disk and forms an attenuator in the differential equation of disk motion or vibration.
- the actuator and surrounding structure with recesses and/or projections or with plate structures, e.g moving surfaces of the actuator and the surrounding structure.
- FIG. 6 shows schematic views of a MEMS acoustic transducer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with projections and recesses.
- FIG. 6 above shows a schematic sectional view of a MEMS sound transducer 800 and
- FIG. 6 below shows a schematic plan view of the MEMS sound transducer 800.
- Figure 6 above shows the MEMS acoustic transducer 800 with an actuator 810 which is separated from a surrounding structure 530 by one or more gaps 520, the surrounding structure 530 comprising a fixed element.
- the actuator 810 is designed to carry out a relative movement 620 between the actuator 810 and the surrounding structure 530 .
- the actuator 810 and the surrounding structure 530 which can be in the form of comb structures so that the gap 520 also follows the comb structure, are shown in the plan view in the lower part of the figure.
- Figure 6 below shows in plan view recesses and projections 820 between lifting actuator 810 and the surrounding structure 530, which has a fixed element.
- the recesses and projections 820 can be designed as comb structures and thus, for example (continuously along the mutually facing edge surfaces of the lifting actuator 810 and the surrounding structure 530) can be arranged in an interlocking manner.
- FIG. 6 shows a possible combination of forms of projections and recesses according to the disclosure. It should also be made clear by means of FIG. 6 that, according to the disclosure, a large number of possible arrangements are possible for MEMS sound transducers, which provide a desired damping, for example of specific frequencies. It should also be pointed out that plate structures (not shown) or optional plates or screens, which can be arranged, for example, perpendicular to the actuator 610 at the edge of the surrounding structure 530 (cf. edge facing the actuator 610) or of the actuator.
- the screens/plates extend essentially parallel to the direction of movement 630 (eg out of the substrate) and prevent the gap from gaping along the movement. Furthermore, the overlapping area between the actuator 610 and the surrounding structure 530 can be increased by the plate structures in order to increase viscous gas friction and accordingly damping of certain resonance frequencies.
- the plate structures can be designed as projections, with the actuator being able to be designed as a recess or vice versa.
- the combination with the example from FIG. 6 can, for example, achieve strong damping by enlarging the overlapping areas.
- the actuator movement can be damped by the viscous gas flow, for example air flow, by means of these flow-mechanical structures. From the frictional force equation, it can be seen that damping is maximized when the largest possible surfaces are spaced as closely together as possible. This means that damping structures with recesses and projections 820 with a high aspect ratio can be advantageous.
- the overlapping area of the elements 610 can also be increased by forming the elements as interlocking comb structures with a plurality of fingers or forming the recesses and projections 820 as interlocking comb structures with a plurality of fingers.
- the actuator 810 can optionally be in the form of a lifting actuator.
- further exemplary embodiments also include corresponding bending actuators with associated plate structures with recesses and projections.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic plan view of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with comb-shaped recesses and projections on the edge of the actuator and the surrounding structure, which has a fixed element.
- FIG. 7 shows a MEMS sound transducer 700 with a bending actuator 710, which faces a surrounding structure 530, which has a fixed element, laterally in a plane.
- the bending actuator 710 is clamped at least on one side relative to the surrounding structure 530 and is designed to use one end of the bending actuator 710 to cause a relative movement between the bending actuator 710 and the surrounding structure 530 at least partially perpendicularly to the plane, i.e. at least partially perpendicularly to the image plane of FIG. to execute.
- the surrounding structure On a side facing the moving end of the bending actuator, the surrounding structure has a multiplicity of recesses 530-2 and projections 530-1 in the form of a second comb structure 530-3, the first and second comb structures being designed in such a way that they to grab.
- the two comb structures are separated from one another by a gap 520 .
- FIG. 7 shows comb structures at the edge of the actuator and the surrounding structure, which has a fixed element.
- the overlapping surface for example of the damping plate structures, can be enlarged by being designed as combs.
- comb structures 710-3 for example with a high aspect ratio, are arranged at the moving end of a bending actuator 710. These move into each other with closely spaced comb structures 530-3 on the surrounding structure 530, e.g. a fixed, laterally opposed element.
- damping comb structures can also be integrated in lifting actuators that move in the manner of a piston (e.g. analogous to FIG. 6).
- the comb structures can be arranged along the entire circumference of the actuator.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic side view of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with columns or vertical comb structures on the actuator and perforated or slotted plate as a fixed element, which forms the surrounding structure or part of the surrounding structure.
- Fig. 8 shows a MEMS sound transducer 900 with an actuator 510 in a first level, a surrounding structure 530 in a second level, the surrounding structure 530 having a fixed element, which is designed as a perforated or slotted plate and the first and the second plane are parallel to each other.
- the actuator is designed to perform a relative movement 620 between the actuator 510 and the surrounding structure 530 perpendicular to the first and second plane.
- the actuator has a plurality of projections in the form of columns and/or ridges 510-4, the columns and/or ridges 510-4 being arranged perpendicular to the parallel planes on a surface of the actuator facing the surrounding structure 530 are.
- the surrounding structure 530 has a plurality of recesses in the form of holes and/or slots 530-4 and the columns and/or ridges 510-4 of the actuator and the holes and/or slots 530-4 of the surrounding structure are formed in such a way that they are interdigitated and separated by a gap 520.
- FIG. 8 shows columns or vertical comb structures on the actuator 510 and a hole or slotted plate as a fixed element which forms the surrounding structure or a part of the surrounding structure.
- the damping structures are arranged over the entire surface of actuator 510 . They can be implemented as columns and/or combs 510-4.
- the fixed element 530 is arranged here vertically above the actuator 510 and is designed as a perforated and/or slotted plate.
- the damping structures could be placed under the actuator 510 or on either side of the actuator.
- a MEMS sound transducer according to FIG. 8 can be manufactured simply and therefore at low cost by using a perforated or slotted plate, since, for example, no defined etching depths for the recesses have to be observed. Furthermore, the arrangement of a large number of columns and/or ridges 510-4 and associated holes and/or slots 530-4 enables the overlapping area to be greatly increased, so that strong damping can be implemented.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view of a MEMS sound transducer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with an actuator with a perforated plate and columns and/or combs on a fixed element which the surrounding structure or a forms part of the surrounding structure.
- 9 shows a MEMS acoustic transducer 1000 with a surrounding structure 530 arranged in a first plane and an actuator 510 arranged in a second plane, the first and second planes being parallel to one another.
- the actuator 510 is designed to perform a relative movement 620 between the actuator 510 and the surrounding structure 530 perpendicular to the first and second plane.
- the surrounding structure 530 has a plurality of projections in the form of columns and/or ridges 530-5, the columns and/or ridges 530-5 being perpendicular to the parallel planes on a surface of the surrounding structure facing the actuator 510 , are arranged.
- the actuator 510 has a multiplicity of recesses in the form of holes and/or slots 510-5, the actuator 510, however, only being partially designed as a hole or slotted plate.
- the columns and/or ridges 530 - 5 of the surrounding structure and the holes and/or slots 510 - 5 of the actuator are formed in such a way that they interlock and are separated by a gap 520 .
- FIG. 9 shows an actuator with a perforated plate and columns and/or combs 530-5 on a surrounding structure 530 which has a fixed element.
- the surrounding structure 530 or fixed element supports columns or ridges 530-5 into which the actuator 510 moves in and out.
- the actuator 510 is designed at least partially as a perforated and/or slotted plate.
- a MEMS sound transducer according to FIG. 9 enables the manufacturing advantages already explained in relation to FIG. 8 . Only a partial configuration of the actuator 510 as a perforated or slotted plate can be advantageous with regard to the possible sound pressure level and lead to better decoupling between the emitted air volume and the sound pressure behind the actuator, opposite to the direction of emission.
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure provide MEMS loudspeakers or MEMS ultrasonic transducers with viscous air damping, characterized in that microstructures with a high aspect ratio are arranged on a vertically moving actuator and on a vertically or laterally opposed fixed element or surrounding structure move closely spaced relative to each other, causing the actuator movement to be viscously damped by the airflow. Further exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure provide MEMS loudspeakers with piezoelectric or magnetic or electrostatic drive.
- FIG. 1 For exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure have an aspect ratio of the microstructures height/width >10 and/or height of the microstructures >50 ⁇ m.
- damping structures for example recesses and projections on the edge of the actuator and the surrounding structure and/or the fixed element, for example in the form of plates or comb structures.
- FIG. 1 For example the fixed element.
- damping structures made of silicon, Si compounds, metals or polymers.
- MEMS ultrasonic transducers with a frequency range from 20 kHz to 100 MHz.
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure provide MEMS sound transducers or loudspeakers for in-ear headphones and/or free-field loudspeakers for near-ear applications.
- embodiments according to the present disclosure provide that the speaker damping is implemented directly in the MEMS structure, for example the MEMS sound transducer can be integrated and can be adjusted by the arrangement and dimensioning of the microstructures. This can form a decisive advantage of MEMS sound transducers according to the disclosure, for example with regard to installation space and functionality, for example for mobile applications.
- aspects have been described in the context of a device, it is understood that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also constitute a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021202573.0A DE102021202573B3 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Mems-schallwandler mit ausnehmungen und auskragungen |
| PCT/EP2022/056728 WO2022194880A1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | Mems-schallwandler mit ausnehmungen und auskragungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4309379A1 true EP4309379A1 (de) | 2024-01-24 |
| EP4309379B1 EP4309379B1 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
Family
ID=80978855
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22713670.2A Active EP4309379B1 (de) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | Mems-schallwandler mit ausnehmungen und auskragungen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230421947A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4309379B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117223294A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021202573B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022194880A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023203237B4 (de) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-12-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Mems-schallwandler |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1217735B1 (de) | 2000-12-21 | 2007-11-14 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Zeitbezug mit einem integrierten mikromechanischen Stimmgabelresonator |
| DE102007052367A1 (de) | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikromechanisches System |
| US8755556B2 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2014-06-17 | Audio Pixels Ltd. | Actuator apparatus with comb-drive component and methods useful for manufacturing and operating same |
| US9402137B2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2016-07-26 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Sound transducer with interdigitated first and second sets of comb fingers |
| US9487386B2 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2016-11-08 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Comb MEMS device and method of making a comb MEMS device |
| DE102015203076B3 (de) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-06-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sensor zur Erfassung von Schallereignissen eines Objekts und Verfahren |
| US10524060B2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2019-12-31 | GMEMS Technologies International Limited | MEMS device having novel air flow restrictor |
| DE102017208911A1 (de) | 2017-05-26 | 2018-11-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mikromechanischer Schallwandler |
-
2021
- 2021-03-16 DE DE102021202573.0A patent/DE102021202573B3/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-15 WO PCT/EP2022/056728 patent/WO2022194880A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-15 CN CN202280022299.3A patent/CN117223294A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-15 EP EP22713670.2A patent/EP4309379B1/de active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-13 US US18/466,082 patent/US20230421947A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022194880A1 (de) | 2022-09-22 |
| CN117223294A (zh) | 2023-12-12 |
| US20230421947A1 (en) | 2023-12-28 |
| DE102021202573B3 (de) | 2022-07-07 |
| EP4309379B1 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
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